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Module 1.1-Linear Function

1. The document introduces linear functions and differential calculus. It defines a linear function as a straight line on a graph where the highest exponent of any term is 1. 2. It provides the standard form of a linear function as y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. It explains how to graph linear functions by finding two points that satisfy the equation and joining them with a straight line. 3. Key terms introduced include relations, variables, functions, slope, and direction. Examples are provided to find the slope and equation of a linear function given ordered pairs or points.

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Christel Caranto
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84 views14 pages

Module 1.1-Linear Function

1. The document introduces linear functions and differential calculus. It defines a linear function as a straight line on a graph where the highest exponent of any term is 1. 2. It provides the standard form of a linear function as y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. It explains how to graph linear functions by finding two points that satisfy the equation and joining them with a straight line. 3. Key terms introduced include relations, variables, functions, slope, and direction. Examples are provided to find the slope and equation of a linear function given ordered pairs or points.

Uploaded by

Christel Caranto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

CALCULUS

Module 1
Introduction to
Differential Calculus
(Linear Functions)
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

A linear function is a function which forms a straight


line in a graph.
CALCULUS

It is generally a polynomial function whose degree is


utmost 1 or 0.

𝒇(𝒂)  is called a function where : a is


an independent variable in
which the function is
dependent.
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Linear Function Graph has a straight line whose


expression or formula is given by:
CALCULUS

𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃

It has one independent and one dependent


variable. The independent variable is x and the
dependent one is y. m is the constant term or the
y-intercept and is also the value of the dependent
variable. When x = 0, b is the coefficient of the
independent variable known as slope which gives
the rate of change of the dependent variable.
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Graphing a linear equation


involves three simple steps:
CALCULUS

1. Firstly, we need to find the two points


which satisfy the equation, 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃.
2. Now plot these points in the graph or X-Y
plane.
3. Join the two points in the plane with the
help of a straight line.
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

A function
A normal
CALCULUS

notation ordered
ordered pair
pair
(x,y) = (2,5) f(x) = y coordinate,
x=2 and y = 5,
f(2) = 5
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Consider the given table:


CALCULUS

x y
0 3
1 4
2 5 It is observed that, the rate
3 6 of change between x and y is
3. This can be written using
4 7 the linear function
𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟑.
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

The expression for the linear function is the formula to


graph a straight line. The expression for the linear
CALCULUS

equation is:
where 𝒎 is the slope, 𝒄 is the intercept and
(𝒙, 𝒚) are the coordinates. This formula is
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + b
also called slope formula.

While in terms of function, we can express the above


expression as:

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎 𝒙 + 𝒃, where 𝒙 is the independent variable.


DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL
CALCULUS
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

 Relation: It is a group of ordered pairs.


 Variable: A symbol that shows a quantity in a math
CALCULUS

expression.
 Linear function: If each term is either a constant or It is
the product of a constant and also (the first power of) a
single variable, then it is called as an algebraic equation.
 Function: A function is a relation between a set of inputs
and a set of permissible outputs. It has a property that each
input is related to exactly one output.
 Steepness: The rate at which a function deviates from a
reference
 Direction: Increasing, decreasing, horizontal or vertical.
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Draw a graph for the following functions:


1 f(𝟐) = −𝟒 and 𝒇(−𝟓) = 𝟑
CALCULUS

Rewrite it as ordered pairs :


Solution f(2) =-4  (2, -4)
f(-5) = 3  (-5, 3)
∎

∎
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Find the slope of a graph for the following function.


2 𝒇(−𝟑) = −𝟏 and 𝒇(−𝟖) = −𝟔
CALCULUS

i. Rewrite it as ordered pairs :


Solution f(3) =-1  (-3, -1)
f(-8) = -6  (-8, -6)
ii. Use the slope formula to evaluate the slope
(-3, -1) (-8, -6)
(x1 , y1) (x2 , y2)
𝑦2 −𝑦1 −6−(−1) −5
iii. Slope Formula: 𝑚 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1
=
−8−(−3)
=
−5
=1

Therefore, the slope for this function is 1.


DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Find an equation of the linear function given


3 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟓 and 𝒇(𝟔) = 𝟑.
CALCULUS

𝐟 𝟐 = 𝟓 = (𝟐, 𝟓)
Solution i. Write it as ordered pairs :
𝐟 𝟔 = 𝟑 = (𝟔, 𝟑)
𝑦2 −𝑦1 3−5_ −2
ii. Find the slope. 𝑚 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1
=
6−2
=
4
=-1/2

iii. Substitute the value of m in 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃


1 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
5=− ∙2+𝑏
2 𝟏
b= 5 + 1 = 6 -> y intercept =− 𝒙+𝟔
𝟐
𝟏
f(x)= − 𝒙 +𝟔
𝟐
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Find an equation of the line passing the two given points:


4 (−𝟓, −𝟑) and −𝟏, 𝟐 and then graph the line.
CALCULUS

Solution
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL

Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two


5 given lines by drawing their graphs.
CALCULUS

𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟏 and 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟕
Solution

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