University of Cambridge International Examinations International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education


*4229813023*

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/22


Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2010
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.


A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.
For Examiner's Use

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. 1
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. 2

Total

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB10 06_0653_22/4RP
© UCLES 2010 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Circle the characteristics in the list below that are shared by all living organisms. For
Examiner's
Use

excretion heartbeat photosynthesis sensitivity sight [2]

(b) A student peeled a layer of cells from the inside of an onion bulb. She placed them in a
drop of water on a microscope slide and covered them with a coverslip.

Fig. 3.1 shows what she saw when viewing the cells through a microscope.

Fig. 3.1

(i) The cells in Fig. 3.1 are all similar to each other.

Give the name for a group of similar cells. [1]

(ii) State two ways in which the cells in Fig. 3.1 differ from animal cells.

2 [2]

(c) Onion cells often contain stores of starch. When a person eats an onion, the starch is
digested.

(i) Explain why nutrients such as starch must be digested before they can be used by
the human body.

[2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


3

(ii) Outline the roles of each of the following in the digestion of starch. For
Examiner's
Use
teeth

enzymes

[2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


4

2 The Periodic Table on page 20 shows the chemical elements in rows (left to right) and For
columns (up and down). Examiner's
Use

(a) (i) A column of elements in the Periodic Table is called a group.

What is a row of elements called? [1]

(ii) State the chemical symbol of the element which has a proton (atomic) number of 32.

[1]

(b) Table 2.1 shows the uses of some elements.

Complete the table by writing the names of elements chosen from the list into the
correct boxes.

aluminium carbon chlorine helium

iron nitrogen sodium xenon

Table 2.1

element use

used to make food containers because it does


not react with food

used to sterilise drinking water because it kills


harmful bacteria

used in airships because it is an unreactive


gas which is much less dense than air

[3]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


5

(c) A teacher placed a small piece of potassium into a container filled with chlorine gas. For
She also mixed together some iron filings and sulfur powder. Examiner's
Use

Fig. 2.1 shows what the class observed.

clouds of particles
made of a white solid
the elements mix but no
change is observed
container initially
full of chlorine gas

flames

potassium added iron filings added


to chlorine to sulfur

Fig. 2.1

(i) State two observations which showed that the elements potassium and chlorine
were combining to form a compound.

[2]

(ii) Suggest the word chemical equation for the reaction between potassium and
chlorine.

[1]

(iii) Iron sulfide is a compound made of the elements iron and sulfur.

Using this example, describe two ways in which a mixture of two elements differs
from a compound of the elements.

[2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


6

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows an astronaut on a space walk. His space suit is designed to stop For
dangerous electromagnetic radiation from the Sun reaching the astronaut’s body. Examiner's
Use

Fig. 3.1

(i) Name two types of electromagnetic radiation that can harm the body.

2 [2]

(ii) State one way in which electromagnetic radiation can harm the body.

[1]

(b) Two astronauts are in a rocket being launched to the Moon. One of the astronauts has
a mass of 96 kg. The gravitational field strength on the Moon is about one sixth of that
on Earth.

State the difference, if any, between

(i) the mass of the astronaut on the Earth and on the Moon,

[1]

(ii) the weight of the astronaut on the Earth and on the Moon.

[1]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


7

(c) The astronauts land on the Moon, which has no atmosphere. They use radio signals to For
talk to each other. Examiner's
Use

Explain why sound waves need a medium, such as air, to travel through.

[2]

(d) A rock on the moon weighs 6 N. The astronaut lifts it up by 2 metres.

Calculate the work done on the rock.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

J [2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


8

4 (a) A student investigated the conditions needed for the germination of mustard seeds. For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus at the start of his experiment.

Tubes A to E were placed in the laboratory at room temperature. Tube E was placed in
a freezer at – 4 ºC.

A B C D E

– 4 °C

black
card
oil

seeds
boiled moist
water cotton
dry moist wool
cotton cotton
wool wool

Fig. 4.1

(i) Which one of these factors should the student have kept the same for all of the
tubes? Circle the correct answer.

age of seeds amount of water temperature [1]

(ii) After three days, the seeds in tubes B and D had germinated.

The seeds in all the other tubes had not germinated.

Use these results to deduce the conditions needed for the germination of mustard
seeds.

[3]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


9

(b) In a tropical rainforest, the trees often grow very closely together, which reduces the For
amount of light reaching the forest floor. Examiner's
Use

The seeds of many species of rainforest trees will not germinate unless they get plenty
of light.

(i) Suggest why this is an advantage to the seedlings.

[1]

(ii) In a separate experiment the student used seeds of rainforest trees.

State the tube in Fig. 4.1 in which the result would differ from those he obtained for
mustard seeds.

[1]

(c) (i) Tropical rainforests have a very large number of different plant species.

Suggest how this could lead to a high species diversity of animals in tropical
rainforests.

[2]

(ii) When rainforests are cut down, species diversity is reduced.

Explain how else cutting down rainforests may damage the environment.

[3]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


10

5 Some fuels are listed below. For


Examiner's
Use
animal dung coal methane wood

(a) (i) State one fuel from the list which is an example of a fossil fuel.

Explain your answer.

example of a fossil fuel

explanation

[2]

(ii) The chemical formulae of some substances which can be used as fuels are shown
below.

C2H6O H2 CO C2H2 C

Explain which one of these formulae represents one molecule of a hydrocarbon.

[2]

(b) At an oil refinery, useful products are separated from petroleum (crude oil).

Complete the sentences by choosing terms from the list below.

boiling points colours catalytic cracking filtration

filtered fractional distillation heated stirred

The process used to separate petroleum into useful products is called

In this process, petroleum is .

Different products separate because they have different

. [3]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


11

(c) A student suggested that when the liquid fuel ethanol is burned, carbon dioxide gas For
should be produced. Examiner's
Use

Fig. 5.1 shows apparatus which he used to find out if this was true.

pump draws air


glass funnel and combustion
products through
apparatus

ethanol is drawn up
through the string
solution X
ethanol

Fig. 5.1

(i) Solution X is used to test for carbon dioxide.

Name solution X, and describe what would be observed if the combustion of


ethanol does produce carbon dioxide.

solution X

observation

[2]

(ii) Explain why the combustion of ethanol is an example of an oxidation reaction.

[1]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


12

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a cube. For


Examiner's
Use
2 cm

2 cm

2 cm

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Name a suitable piece of apparatus for measuring the length of the cube.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the volume of the cube. cm3 [1]

(iii) The mass of the cube is 21.6 g.

Calculate the density of the cube.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

g / cm3 [2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


13

(b) The solid cube is made up of very small particles. For


Examiner's
Use
Fig. 6.2 shows their arrangement.

Fig. 6.2

Complete the diagrams below to show the arrangement of particles in a liquid and in a
gas.

liquid gas

[2]

(c) (i) Explain, in terms of particles, why a solid expands when heated.

[1]

(ii) Describe one problem caused by a solid metal expanding when it gets hot.

[2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


14

7 When magnesium metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, a soluble salt and a gas are For
produced. Examiner's
Use

(a) Complete the word chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid.

magnesium hydrochloric
+ +
acid

[2]

(b) A student used the apparatus in Fig. 7.1 to investigate the rate of this reaction.

side-arm bung
test-tube

excess dilute
hydrochloric acid gas syringe piston moves out as
gas enters the syringe

0.1 g magnesium
Fig. 7.1

The student dropped the magnesium into the acid contained in the side-arm test-tube
and put in the bung.

A stopwatch was used to time how long it took for the gas syringe to fill with gas.

The student carried out two experiments and the results are shown in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

experiment time taken to collect 100 cm3 of gas / seconds

1 45

2 31

(i) Explain how the results show that the rate of reaction in experiment 2 was higher
than that in experiment 1.

[1]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


15

(ii) Suggest two ways in which the rate of reaction between magnesium and dilute For
hydrochloric acid could be increased. Examiner's
Use

[2]

(iii) Sodium is an alkali metal in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Explain why the student must not attempt the experiment shown in Fig. 7.1 using
sodium instead of magnesium.

[2]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


16

8 (a) A torch (flash light) contains two cells providing a total voltage of 3.0 V across the lamp. For
When the torch is lit, the current flowing through the lamp is 0.3 A. Examiner's
Use

(i) Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

State the formula that you use, show your working, and state the units of
resistance.

formula

working

[3]

(ii) To measure the current through the lamp and the voltage across the lamp, the
student set up the circuit in Fig. 8.1.

Fig. 8.1

Write the letters A and V in the two circles on the diagram to show the correct
positions of the ammeter (A) and voltmeter (V). [1]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


17

(b) Complete the sentences below to describe the energy changes which take place when For
the torch is used. Examiner's
Use

Choose from the words given.

chemical electrical heat kinetic

light nuclear potential sound

Energy is stored in the cells as energy. This is changed

into energy which passes through the lamp. The

useful energy output from the lamp is energy, but much

energy is wasted as energy. [4]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10 [Turn over


18

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a section through a human heart seen from the front. For
Examiner's
B C Use

D
A

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) The walls of the heart are made of cardiac muscle.

Describe the function of the cardiac muscle in the heart.

[2]

(ii) State the name of the blood vessels that supply the cardiac muscle with oxygen.

[1]

(iii) Give the letters of the two labelled blood vessels in Fig. 9.1 that contain
oxygenated blood.

and [1]

(b) Plants also have transport systems in which liquids flow through vessels. However,
they do not have a heart.

Instead, transpiration pulls water up through the plant.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term transpiration.

[2]

(ii) Name the vessels through which water travels up a plant.

[1]

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2010 0653/22/M/J/10


DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0

© UCLES 2010
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.


133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
20

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0653/22/M/J/10
*
226 227
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium

Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the

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