Problems on Regenerative Cycle

1. A Batangas- based industrial company operates a steam power plant with regenerative. The
steam enters the turbine at 300 bar and 900K and completely expands isentropically to 1.0 bar.
Steam is partly extracted from the turbine at 30 bar and enters the closed heater. A
condensate pump exist between the main condenser and the heater. Another pump lies
between the heater and condensate outlet line from the heater ( condensed extracted steam)..
Assume no water loss in the process and desired water tube boiler capacity is 200,000 lb/hr of
steam.
Based on the given parameters & conditions, compute for the following:
a. Extracted fraction of the total mass flow to the heater & steam extracted mass flow,
kg/sec.
b. Analysis of the Regenerative Cycle
c. Performance of the Steam Generator
d. Performance of the Prime Mover: Steam Turbine if preferred
e. Performance of the Prime Mover: Steam engine if preferred

Given:
Steam entering @ the turbine: 300 bar & 900 K
Steam pressure expanding @ the turbine 1 bar
Pressure of steam entering in a closed heater 30 bar
Steam turbine adiabatic efficiency 100 %
Boiler, Water tube type Capacity 200,000 lb/hr of steam
Other conditions:
 A condensate pump exist between the main condenser and the heater
 Another pump lies between the heater and condensate outlet line from the
heater ( condensed extracted steam)

Given:
Steam entering @ the turbine: 300 bar & 900 K
Steam pressure expanding @ the turbine 1 bar
Steam of extracted pressure from the turbine 30 bar
Steam turbine adiabatic efficiency 100%
Other conditions:
 A condensate pump exist between the main condenser and the heater
 Another pump lies between the heater and condensate outlet line from the
heater ( condensed extracted steam)

Required:
Based on the given parameters & conditions, compute for the following:
a. Extracted fraction and extracted steam of the total mass flow to the heater.
b. Analysis of the Regenerative Cycle
 c. Performance of the Steam Generator
d. Performance of the Prime Mover: Steam Turbine if preferred
e. Performance of the Prime Mover: Steam engine if preferred

Figure:
Solution:

I Conversions & Preliminary Calculations:

a. Conversions :
300 bar ( 101.325 kPa/ bar ) = 30,397.50 Kpa or 30.4 MPa; use 30 MPa.
30 bar = 3 MPa or 3000kPA
1 bar = 0.1 MPa or 100 kPa
9000 K = 627 0C
200,000 lb/hr steam = 25.25 kg/sec water Tube Boiler Capacity

b. Preliminary Calculations:

Thermodynamic Properties of the working substance @ various state points:

@ Pt 1: 30 MPa & 627 0 C,

Using Steam Table: By interpolation:

T h
620 3507.1 7/10 = ( x - 3507.1)/ 31
627 x x = 3528.8 kJ/kg
630 3538.1
Thus :

h1 = 3528.8 kJ/kg and s1 = 6.329 kJ/kg.K ( using interpolation)

@ pt 2: 3 MPa and s2 = s1 = 6.329 kJ/kg

Using Steam Table & by Interpolation

h s
2870.8 6.3158 ( x - 2870.8)/ 2885.5 – 2870.8 = 0.0132/0.0145
x 6.329 x = 2884.20
2885.5 6.3435

Thus:
h2 = 2884.26 kJ/kg

@ pt 3: 0.1 MPa & s3 = s2 = s1 = 6.329 kJ/kg

Using Steam Table:

S3 = sf4 + x sfg
Where :
Sf4 = vf @ 0.1MPa, saturated liquid
= 1.3026 kJ/kg.K
S fg = 6.0568 kJ/kg.K
 Solving for steam quality, x:
6.329−1.3026
X = = 0.83 or 83%
6.0568

Solving for h3 :
h3 = hf4 + x hfg
where:
hf = 417.46 kJ/kg
hfg = 2258.0kJ/kg
Substitute values:
h3 = 417.46 + (o.83)( 2258)
= 2291.6 kJ/kg

@ pt 4: 0.1 MPa , saturated liquid

h4 = hf @ 0.1 Mpa ( 100 kPa)

= 417.46 kJ/kg
V4 = 0.0010432 m3/kg

@ pt 5:

h5 - h4 = v4[ P5 - P4]

h5 = 0.0010432 [ 3000 -100 ] + 417.46

= 420.49 kJ/kg

@ pt 6:
h6 = hf @ 3 MPa
= 1008.4kJ/kg
@ pt 7:
h7 - h6 = v6[ P7 - P6] ; where : v6 = vf @ 3 MPa, sat liquid
= 0.0012165 m3/kg
h7 = 0.0012165 [ 30,000 -3000 ] + 1008.4

= 1041.24kJ/kg

II Solving for the following required parameters:

a. amount extracted at the turbine :
@ pt 6: closed heater, by energy balance in the regenerative heater:
m1h2 + (m – m1)h5 = mh6

where: h6 = hf @ 3 MPa h5 = 420.49 kJ/kg

= 1008.4 kJ/kg h2 = 2884.26 kJ/kg
Substitute values:
m1(2884.26) + m ( 420.49) – m1(420.49) = m( 1008.4); Let m = 1kg/sec
m1 ( 2884.26) + 1 ( 420.49) -m1 ( 420.49) = 1 ( 1008.4)
 1008.4−420.49
m1 = = 0.2386 or 23.86%
2884.26−420.49
Thus:
Extracted fraction of the total mass flow of steam, m1 = 23.86%
Extracted steam mass flow to the open heater, m 1’ = 0.2386(25.25)
= 6.02 kg/sec

b. Analysis of the Regenerative Cycle:

@ the Turbine, State Point 1 –2 & 2- 3 :

Turbine Work, Wt , Wt = m (h1 - h2) + ( m-m1) (h2 - h3) ,kJ/kg

= 25.25 (3528.8 - 2884.26 ) + ( 25.25-6.02)(2884.26 - 2291.6 )

= 27,671 kW or 27.67 MW
@ the Condenser, State Point 3- 4

Heat rejection in the condenser, Q r

Qr = (m-m1) ( h3 – h4 ), kJ/kg
= 19.23 (2291.6 - 417.46 )
= 19.23(1874.14)
= 36,039.71 KW or 36.04 MW
@ at the pumps, State point 4 – 5 and 6 - 7:

Exact Pump Work: Wp = Wp1 + Wp2

= (m – m1 )(h5 – h4 ) + m (h7 – h6 ), kJ/kg

= 19.23(420.49 - 417.46 ) + 25.25 (1041.24 - 1008.4)

= 887.48 kW

@ the Boiler, State point 7 - 1

Heat added in the Boiler,Q A

Qa = m (h1 - h7 ) , kW

= 25.25( 3528.8 – 1041.24)

= 62,810.89 kW

Net Cycle Work, Wnet:

Wnet = ( Wt - Wp ), kW

= ( 27,671 – 887.48 )
= 26,783.52 kW
 Work Net 26,783.52
Thermal Efficiency,et et = =
Heat Added 62,810.89
= 0.426 or 42.6%

3600 3600 kgsteam

Steam Rate , SR , SR = = ,
Work net 26,783.52 kW −hr

= 0.13 kg steam / kW - hr