University of Bahrain

Collage of Engineering

Department of Chemical Engineering

CHEMY 313

Simultaneous Determination
of the concentrations
of Cobalt and Nickel
by UV/Vis Spectroscopy

Done by: Esmaeel yaseen Mohammed

Id number: 20178311

Sec. 1
 UV/VIS Spectrophotometry

Aim:-
1. To determine the concentration of Cobalt and nickal in a mixture using UV/VIS
Spectroscopy

Introduction:-
Spectrophotometry is an important device for analytical chemistry. Ultraviolet-visible
spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in
the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near-UV
andnear-infrared [NIR]) ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects
the perceived chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic
spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions. This technique is complementary
to fluorescence spectroscopy, in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to
the ground state, while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state.[1]
In this experiment we will calculate the concentration of cobalt and nickel by using
spectrophotometry and equations. I hope that it is nice experiment and has a lot of benefits, because
we are instrumentation student and need to know how to use analytical chemistry device for
instrumentation.
Cobalt and nickel are common components of analgesics. A tow component mixture may be
analyzed by making absorbance measurements at two characteristic maxima, and solving the
following pair of equation.
𝐶1 ×𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2

A=AAsp+ACaff

A1= 𝜀1 𝑐1 𝑙 + 𝜀2 𝑐2 𝑙 ε is molar absorpitivity

A2=𝜀1′ 𝑐1 𝑙 + 𝜀2′ 𝑐2 𝑙 λ is wavelength

Chemical and Glassware:-

 Flame Photometer.
 Cuvette.
 Gas Cylinder.
 Beaker.
 Standard flask.
 Graduated pipette.
 Wash bottle
 Data Result and Calculation:-
For cobalt (ii)

Concentration of cobalt (ii) Absorbance

standard solution(ppm)
At 395 nm At 510 nm

0.0375 0.011 0.168

0.0750 0.029 0.334
0.1125 0.046 0.520
0.150 0.064 0.699

A vs C A vs C
0.2 0.8
0.15 y = 2.1304x + 0.0139 0.6 y = 4.744x - 0.0145
R² = 0.9999
Ab.

Ab.
0.1 0.4 R² = 0.9995
0.05 0.2
0 0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Conc. Conc.

ε =2.1304 έ =4.744
1 1

For nickal (ii)

Concentration of nickal (ii) Absorbance

standard solution(ppm)
At 395 nm At 510 nm

0.0375 0.166 0.001

0.0750 0.340 0.004
0.1125 0.516 0.007
0.1500 0.695 0.010

A vs C A vs C
0.8 0.012
y = 4.7013x - 0.0115 0.01 y = 0.08x - 0.002
0.6
R² = 1 0.008 R² = 1
Ab.

0.4
Ab.

0.006
0.2 0.004
0.002
0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Conc. Conc.

ε =4.7013 έ =0.08
2 2
 Absorbance
Unknown solution (A)
At 395 nm At 510 nm

0.205 0.273

A1=ε1c1l + ε2c2l @λ1=395nm (Eq 1)

A2=έ1c1l + έ2c2l @λ2=510nm (Eq 2)

To determine concentration of cobalt and nickal:

A1= ε1 Ccobalt l + ε2 Cnickal . l , A2=ε3 Ccobalt l + ε4 Cnickal . l

0.205 = (2.134)Ccobalt (1) + (4.7013)Cnickal . (1)

0.273 = (4.744)Ccobalt (1) + (0.080)Cnickal . (1)

Ccobalt = 0.05819 ppm , Cnickal = 0.01719 ppm

Discussion:-
There is a relationship between concentration and absorbance. This relationship is expressed by the
Lambert-Beer law, which is more commonly known as Beer’s law. This law states that the absorbance of
a light absorbing material is proportional to its concentration in solution.
A = ε /c
It is because of this relationship that biologists measure absorption rather than transmission. The
Lambert-Beer law can be used to calculate the concentration of a solution if its extinction coefficient is
known.

 Determination of heavy metals like cadmium, lead, organic and inorganic Arsenic with ICP-MS, in
vegetable matter, soil, water.
 Determination of heavy metals like mercury with an Hg-Analyzer in vegetable matter, soil, water.
 Determination of other heavy metals, minerals and trace elements with ICP-AES, in vegetable
matter

Conclusion:-
Through the experiment, the concentration of cobalt and nickel in a mixture were determined using
UV/VIS Spectroscopy. Unfortunately there are some error in experiment due to human error.