ADVANCED STATISTICS

Grade 9 Elective
Module No. 3: Week 3: First Quarter
Frequency Distribution and Graph

Lesson/s
1. Stem and Leaf Diagram
2. Frequency Distribution

Objectives
a. Collect statistical data and organize them in a table.
b. Construct a stem and leaf diagram for a set of data.
c. Organize raw data using frequency table.
d. Construct frequency distribution table.

Let’s Recall (Review)

A. Determine whether each statement is true or false. Write your answer on the blank.
_______ 1. The height of a person is an example of a variable.
_______ 2. The highest level of measurement is the ordinal level.
_______ 3. The variable age is an example of a qualitative data.
_______ 4. The weight of a person is an example of a continuous variable.
_______ 5. Two major branches of statistics are qualitative and quantitative.
_______ 6. Last year’s total number of students at a certain school was 8,800. This is an example of
an inferential statistics.
_______ 7. Data classified into color are measured using the nominal scale.
_______ 8. Probability is used as a basis of inferential statistics.
_______ 9. When the population of employees of a certain company is divided into groups according
to their department (marketing, accounting, human resources, etc.), and then several are selected from
each group to make a sample, the sample is called a cluster sample.
_______ 10. Variables are the values that the data can assume.
B. Encircle the best answer.
11. The number of vacation leaves availed by an employee per year is an example of what type of
data?
a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
12. A researcher divided the subjects into four groups according to year level and then selected
members from each group for the sample. What sampling method was used?
a. cluster b. random c. systematic d. stratified
13. Data classified according to color are measured on what scale?
a. nominal b. ratio c. ordinal d. interval
C. For numbers 14 and 15, let xi = i. Find the following.
14. ∑10
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 15. ∑100
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 =

Page | 1
 Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)
This module explains how to organize and present data using stem and leaf diagram and
frequency distribution.

1. Stem and Leaf Diagram

Stem and leaf display is a method of organizing data in which the stem values or the
leading digit(s) for each observation, are listed in a column, and the leaf values or the trailing
digit(s) for each observation, is then listed beside corresponding stem.

Example 1: The list shows the largest and most destructive earthquakes from 1920 to 2004.
Construct a stem and leaf diagram of the earthquake magnitudes on the list.
Death Toll
Date Location Magnitude (Estimated)
Feb 24, 2004 Al Hoceirna, Morocco 6.4 629
Dec 26, 2003 Bam, Iran 6.6 26 271
March 25-26, 2002 Nahrin, Afghanistan 6.1 1 000+
Jan 26, 2001 Gujarat, India 7.9 20 000+
Jun 4, 2000 Sumatra, Indonesia 7.9 103
Aug 17, 1999 Turkey 7.4 17 200+
May 30, 1998 Afghanistan 6.9 4 700
May 10, 1997 Iran 7.5 1 560
Feb 3, 1996 China 7.0 200+
Jan 16, 1995 Kobe, Japan 6.9 5 502
Jun 6, 1994 Cauca, Columbia 6.8 1 000
Jul 16, 1990 Luzon, Philippines 7.8 1 621
Sept 19, 1985 Michoacan, Mexico 8.1 9 500
Jul 27, 1976 Tangshan, China 8.0 255 000
May 31, 1970 Peru 7.8 66 000
May 21 – 30, 1960 Chile 9.5 5 000
May 22, 1927 Nanshan, China 8.3 200 000
Dec 16, 1920 Gansu, China 8.6 200 000

Solution: Notice that some of the numbers start with 6, others with 7, some with 8 and so on. Let us
split each number into two parts: a stem, such as 6, 7, 8 or 9 and a leaf such ass 1, 2, 3 and so on.
The first value is 6.4. Write the leaf, 4, in the row opposite the stem, 6.

Stem Leaf
6 4, 6, 1, 9, 9, 8
7 9, 9, 4, 5, 0, 8, 8
8 1, 0, 3, 6
9 5

Now it easier to see that the strongest earthquake on the list has a magnitude of 9.5 and that most
have a magnitude of about 6 and 7.

Page | 2
 2. Frequency Distribution
Frequency distribution is a table that displays frequencies for the different categories, values
of a counting variable or class intervals. It is the most convenient way of organizing data.

2.1 When observations are sorted into classes of single values, the result is called a frequency
distribution for ungrouped data.
Example 2: The following data give the results of a sample survey. The letters A, B, and C represent
the three categories.
A B A A C C A C C C
C B C B B C B B B C
B C C A C C C B C A
Construct a frequency distribution table for these data.
Solution: Category Tally Frequency (f)
A IIII – I 6
B IIII – IIII 9
C IIII – IIII – IIII 15
sum = 30

2.2 When observations are sorted into classes of more than one value, the result is called a
frequency distribution for grouped data.

Weekly Expenses of 80 Employees

variable Weekly Expenses Number of Employees

100 – 104 5
2nd class 105 – 109 16 Frequency of the 2nd class
110 – 114 11
lower limit of 115 – 119 40
the 4th class 120 – 124 8
th
upper limit of the 4 class

The following are the basic terminologies associated with frequency tables.
Lower class limit – the smallest data value that can be included in the class
Upper class limit – the largest data value that can be included in the class
Class boundaries – are used to separate the classes so that there are no gaps in the
frequency distribution.
Class marks – the midpoints of the classes
lower limit+upper limit
Xm = 2
Class width – the difference between two consecutive lower class limits
Class size – the class interval of the distribution

The following are the steps in constructing a frequency table.

STEP 1. Decide on the number of classes your frequency table will have. Usually, it is between 5
and 20.
STEP 2. Find the range. This is the difference between the highest and lowest scores.

Page | 3
STEP 3. Find the class width. Divide the range by the number of classes. The class width should
be an odd number. This ensures that the midpoint of each class has the same place value
as the data.
STEP 4. Select a starting point, either the lowest or the lower class limit. Add the class width to
the starting point to get the second lower class limit. Then enter the upper class limit.
STEP 5. Find the boundaries by subtracting 0.5 from each lower class limit and adding 0.5 to the
upper class limit.
STEP 6. Represent each score by a tally.
STEP 7. Count the total frequency for each class.
Example 3: When 40 people were surveyed at Greenbelt 3, they reported the distance they drove to
the mall, the results (in kilometers) are given below.
2 8 1 5 9 5 14 10 31 20
15 4 10 6 5 5 1 8 12 10
25 40 31 24 20 20 3 9 15 15
25 8 1 1 16 23 18 25 21 12
Construct a frequency distribution table.
Solution Follow the steps:
Step 1 The number of classes is 8. (chosen arbitrarily)
Step 2 Range = highest – lowest = 40 – 1 = 39
𝑅 39
Step 3 class width = 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = = 4.875 ≈ 5
8
Step 4 Determine the lower Subtract 1 unit from the lower class limit
class limits. of the second class to obtain the upper limit
Class limits of the first class: 6 – 1 = 5. Then add the class
1 - width to get the succeeding upper class limits.
6 - Class limits
11 - 1 - 5
16 - 6 - 10
21 - 11 - 15
26 - 16 - 20
31 - 21 - 25
36 - 26 - 30
31 - 35
Step 5 Determine the class boundaries.
36 - 40
Class limits Class boundaries
1 - 5 0.5 - 5.5
6 - 10 5.5 - 10.5
11 - 15 10.5 - 15.5
16 - 20 15.5 - 20.5
21 - 25 20.5 - 25.5
26 - 30 25.5 - 30.5
31 - 35 30.5 - 35.5
36 - 40 35.5 - 40.5

Page | 4
 Step 6 Tally the scores

Class limits Class boundaries Tally

1 - 5 0.5 - 5.5 IIII – IIII - I
6 - 10 5.5 - 10.5 IIII - IIII
11 - 15 10.5 - 15.5 IIII - I
16 - 20 15.5 - 20.5 IIII
21 - 25 20.5 - 25.5 IIII - I
26 - 30 25.5 - 30.5
31 - 35 30.5 - 35.5 II
36 - 40 35.5 - 40.5 I

Step 7 Make the frequency distribution table.

Class limits Class boundaries Tally Frequency

1 - 5 0.5 - 5.5 IIII – IIII - I 11
6 - 10 5.5 - 10.5 IIII - IIII 9
11 - 15 10.5 - 15.5 IIII - I 6
16 - 20 15.5 - 20.5 IIII 5
21 - 25 20.5 - 25.5 IIII - I 6
26 - 30 25.5 - 30.5 0
31 - 35 30.5 - 35.5 II 2
36 - 40 35.5 - 40.5 I 1

A various of the standard frequency table is used when cumulative totals are desired. The
cumulative frequency for a table, whose classes are increasing order, is the sum of the frequencies
for that and all previous classes.

Class limits Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative

(Intervals) frequency
1 - 5 0.5 - 5.5 IIII – IIII - I 11 11
6 - 10 5.5 - 10.5 IIII - IIII 9 20
11 - 15 10.5 - 15.5 IIII - I 6 26
16 - 20 15.5 - 20.5 IIII 5 31
21 - 25 20.5 - 25.5 IIII - I 6 37
26 - 30 25.5 - 30.5 0 37
31 - 35 30.5 - 35.5 II 2 39
36 - 40 35.5 - 40.5 I 1 40
Example 4: Construct a grouped frequency table for the given data below.

112 100 127 120 134 118 105 110 109 112

110 118 117 116 118 122 114 114 105 109

107 112 114 115 118 117 118 122 106 110

116 108 110 121 113 120 119 111 104 111

120 113 120 117 105 110 118 112 114 114

Page | 5
Solution: Following the steps discussed before, the frequency distribution of the given data is shown
below. The classes are arranged in decreasing order.

Class limits Class boundaries Class marks Frequency Cumulative

(Intervals) (Midpoint) frequency
130 - 134 129.5 – 134.5 132 1 50
125 – 129 124.5 – 129.5 127 1 49
120 – 124 119.5 – 124.5 122 7 48
115 – 119 114.5 – 119.5 117 13 41
110 – 114 109.5 – 114.5 112 18 28
105 – 109 104.5 – 109.5 107 8 10
100 - 104 99.5 – 104.5 102 2 2

Let’s Apply

Answer the following:

1. The following heights in centimeters of 14 high school students.
155 150 148 160 161 148 152
155 151 161 172 161 153 158
a. Construct a stem and leaf diagram with stem labels 14, 15, 16 and 17.
b. Construct a frequency distribution table for ungrouped data.
For items 2-3.
The numbers of nurses on duty at a certain hospital are grouped into a distribution as follows.
Number of Nurses on Duty Number of Days
28 – 30 2
25 – 27 10
22 – 24 13
19 – 21 4
16 - 18 1

2. Find the following:

a. The class marks
b. The class size
c. The class limits for the class 28 – 30
d. The class boundaries for the class 22 – 24
3. If possible, find the number of days where there were
a. At most 27 nurses
b. Exactly 21 nurses
c. More than 21 nurses
d. 25 nurses or less
e.

Let’s Analyze
Answer the following:
1. List the data values which are given in the stem and leaf diagram below.
Stem Leaf
2 1, 0, 0, 3, 8
3 4, 6, 8, 1, 0, 5 8
4 1, 0, 4, 5
5 5

Page | 6
 2. Students who applied for scholarship in a certain university were classified according to
their class rank: F – freshman, S – sophomore, J – junior, Se – Senior. Construct a frequency
distribution table for the data.
Se S J Se F F F S S J
Se J J J Se Se F Se Se F
Se F F J J S J S F F

3. The following table gives the frequency distribution of ages for all employees of a company.
Ages Number of Employees
18 to 30 12
31 to 43 17
44 to 56 14
57 to 69 7
a. Find the class boundaries and class midpoints.
b. Do all classes have the same class width? If yes, what is the class width?
c. Construct a frequency distribution table.

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

1. The following are ages of 30 teachers in Moonwalk National High School.

20 30 35 22 45 48 54 51 36 60
52 48 47 29 33 34 38 44 49 50
63 55 46 24 25 32 28 34 37 47
Construct a stem and leaf diagram with stem labels 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
2. Twenty - five students were given a blood test to determine their blood types. The data set is
as follows:
A B B AB O O O B AB
B B B O A O A A O
O A AB O O B AB
Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution table.
3. A bus company owner wishes to check the number of kilometers his commuter buses traveled
each day. His findings are shown below. Construct a frequency table using 10 classes.
138 107 136 128 148 118 99
142 129 115 123 133 123 103
121 128 122 144 126 135 107
125 98 117 153 141 126 139
134 115 93 127 118 158 143

References:
Alferez, M. S., & Duro, M. C. (2018). MSA Statistics and Probability. Cainta: MSA Publishing House.
Nivera, G.C.(2007). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics: Patterns and Praticalities. Makati:Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press

Page | 7
 LEARNING PLAN IN ADVANVCED STATISTICS

MODULE 3: WEEK 3
GRADE LEVEL: 9 QUARTER: FIRST
Day No/ Objective/s NOTES TO THE FACILITATOR
Topic/Lesson
Collect statistical data 1. Answer “Let’s Recall” part (page 1) on the module.
Day 1: Stem and and organize them in a 2. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about
Leaf Diagram table. Lesson 1 Stem and Leaf Diagram (page 2) on the module.
3. Coordinate with the teacher through FB messenger/ text message for questions/ clarifications.
Construct a stem and leaf 4. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
5. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Apply” number 1a (page 6), “Let’s Analyze” number 1 (Page 6), and “Let’s
diagram for a set of data. Try” number 1 (page 7) using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
6. Submit the Answer Sheet for Lesson 1 to the teacher for rating and feedback.
Day 2: Frequency Organize raw data using 1. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about
Distribution for frequency table. Lesson 2.1 Frequency Distribution for Ungrouped Data (page 3) on the module.
Ungrouped Data 2. Coordinate with the teacher through FB messenger/ text message for questions/ clarifications.
Construct frequency 3. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
distribution table for 4. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Apply” number 1b (page 6), “Let’s Analyze” number 2 (page 7), and “Let’s
Try” number 2 (page 7) using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
ungrouped data. 5. Submit the Answer Sheet for Lesson 2.1 to the teacher for rating and feedback.
Day 3: Frequency Organize raw data using 1. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about
Distribution for frequency table. Lesson 2.2 Frequency Distribution for Grouped Data (pages 3 – 5) on the module.
Grouped Data 2. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
Construct frequency 3. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Apply” numbers 2 – 3 (page 6), and “Let’s Analyze” number 3 (page 7)
using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
distribution table for
4. Submit the Answer Sheet for Lesson 2.2 to the teacher for rating and feedback.
grouped data
Day 4: Frequency Organize raw data using 1. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about
Distribution for frequency table. Lesson 2.2 Frequency Distribution for Grouped Data Example 4 (pages 5-6) on the module.
Grouped Data 2. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
Construct frequency 3. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Try” number 3 using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
4. Submit the answer sheet of Let’s Apply, Let’s Analyze and Let’s Try to the teacher for Module 3 final rating
distribution table for
and feedback.
grouped data

Page | 8