Lesson 1.

The Basic Concept and Principles of Industrial Security Management

A.Definition

1.Industrial Security refers the protection of industrial installations, resources,

utilities, materials, and classified information essential to protection from loss or damage. It is
also the implementation of appropriate measures and procedures to prevent from gaining
access to classified information

2.Industrial Security Management is a broad field of management related to

company assets, physical security planning, and safety of human resource functions. It entails
the development, the documentation and the implementation of policies, standards,
procedures and guidelines.

3.Private Security Service is a business corporation which provides and unarmed

security services and expertise to private and public clients. Security services includes
stationary/fixed post, roving patrol, bodyguard, and guard dog services.

4.Industry an economic activity concerned with the raw materials and manufacture of
goods in the industrial firms or any commercial establishment.

5.Security is the degree of resistance against danger or protection from harm. It

applies to any vulnerable and valuable assets such as person, dwelling, community, nation and
organization.

6.Security Planning is a design, implementation, monitoring, reviewing and

continually improving practices for security risk management. It is an initiative that would
improve the security measures of the establishment in the future events.

7.Security Plan is a day to day systematic set of policies, measures and protocols for
managing specific situations. It is a plan of action to secure and to address the security issues
and related events that includes security assessment and mitigation options responsive to any
security threats.
 8.Principles of Management are the statement of fundamental truth laid down the
standard to accomplish the desired goals. It serves as the outline for making decisions and
actions by the designated head of office.

9.Functions of Management includes planning, organizing, leading and controlling

aligned with the organizational goals and objectives.

B.The Necessity of Physical Security and Safety Measures

The primary purpose of adopting physical security and safety measures in the industrial
firms is to protect the assets and facilities. The application of physical security and safety
measures is necessary like construction of perimeter fencing, deployment of security guards,
installation of intrusion and detection alarm system, and other security measures would be
useless if somebody were able to steal the assets or any company classified information.

Normally, the main intention of the criminal elements like thieve, robbers, terrorist and
other form of criminal activities is for personal gain, financial gain, or seeking revenge if
vulnerable target is available. Protective measures of the confidential information, networks,
software’s, equipment, and other company’s assets must be properly implemented with the
trusted personnel of the organization. In other words, security measures will be useless once
the attacker gets through by gaining physical access especially loss of important data, because it
is very difficult to retrieve once it is lost.

B.The Three (3) Major Components of Industrial Security

To offer effective security services to the business establishments, security programs

should be focused on the following three major components:

1. Physical Security is a method of protecting security and safety of employees and

company officials, and company assets such as hardware, networks, and data from any
unlawful acts or any natural events that can cause serious damage or loss to the industrial
establishments. It is the sum total of all total protection employed to secure industry assets.

2. Personnel Security is a system of total policies and procedures guided with the
specific criteria to determine the appropriateness of employment of the applicants or for
purposes of retention or transfer of the existing workers. The primary purpose of this security
component is to mitigate the risk of workers of misusing their legitimate access to some
organizational assets for unauthorized purposes.
 3.Document and Information Security refers to the protection of information
and its system from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification and
destruction that would materially affect the business. The main focus of this component of
security is protect information so that people who should not have access to it cannot
distribute, see, change or delete it in order to maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability
of data in any form.

C.Types of Physical Security

In serving security services to the industry, there are different types of physical security
programs applied depending upon the nature of the business that security system is fitted and
appropriate to the firms: The following are the types of security:

1.Industrial Security is the type of physical security applied to business groups like
manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing warehousing and even
agricultural products. Specifically, this type of physical security providing protection of
industrial installations, resources, utilities, materials, and classified information vital to
protection from loss or damage. Performs security inspection, investigations and surveys.

2. Hotel Security is the type of physical security protects hotel guest, employees, and
property. Hotel security personnel directly works on the hotel property, patrolling the grounds,
and in an office. Monitoring security cameras the aim of the safety and security measures is to
reduce the crime, terrorism, natural disasters and from any manmade hazards.

3.Bank security – this type of security is concern with the bank operations. Its main
objective is the protection of clienteles, assets of the bank, volume of cash deposits and
employees. Security personnel are highly trained to safeguards and assets while on storage, in
transit and during transaction.

4.VIP/Company Executive Security - a type of security applied for the protection

of top ranking officials of the government or the company executives, visiting persons, or
prominent persons and foreign dignitaries. The primary concern of the different business sector
is the personal safety and the protection of the company key executives who are vulnerable by
the various criminals, terrorist, and other extremist groups.

5. School Security- a type of security that concern with protection of the students,
employees, and school properties. Security personnel are trained to protect the school
property from theft, vandalism, handling campus riots and detecting the use and using of
dangerous drugs, guns, and carrying and drinking of alcohol.
 6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern with the
protection with stores, warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as
clients, customers, and employees. Security personnel are trained to detect shoplifter, robbery,
bomb detection, and customer relation.

7. Computer Security is the type of security concerned with the protection of

computer system and information from viruses, harm, theft, and authorized use. In computer
security, it requires an understanding of the system usage and confidentiality, integrity, and
availability requirements.

8. Transportation Security- it includes the security and safety and vigilance over the
goods, crew, passengers while on transit. Considering the situation like this that there are
opportunities on the part of the criminals to steal, robbery hold up, violence or intimidation
against person, hence, passengers have no opportunity to resist since they are on board on the
bus, vessels or any public utility.

9. Operational Security Controls are those that supplement the security of an

organization in a manner in which both physical and technical elements are utilized that
includes comprehensive security and security awareness policy.

10. Communication Security is the prevention of unauthorized access to

telecommunications traffic, or to any written information that is transmitted or transferred

History of Private Security Forces and Legal Basis on Industrial Security

A. History of Private Security Forces

Long ago, in Ancient Egypt, pharaohs hired private security guards for personal
protection. Ancient Romans as well as emperors during the time of the Byzantine Empire hired
Private Security guards, to protect their families and property. Wealthy warlords in many
countries, including China and Italy were known to hire security personnel to guard their bases.

The Industrial Revolution with it a huge increase in crime which lead the formation of
private guard agencies. These agencies such as the Pinkerton Agency in the 1850’s, helped
guard the railroads and banks in prosperous places. Indeed, many industries started to hire
private security to protect their factories during The Great Depression and World war II. Later
on, the need to protect American industries from Cold War espionage continued to fuel the
need for private security and forces. At that time, there were company owners who had
valuable assets to protect began to hire private security guards to keep a watchful eye on their
factories. A prime example was one Henry Ford who used private security companies right
through the first World War and into the Great Depression to protect his factory from large
scale looting.

In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 5487 otherwise known as “Private Security Agency
Law” which took effect on June 01, 1969, enacted making the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as a
sole authority to provide administrative services and general supervision over the management
of all organize Private Security Agencies (PSA’s), Private Detective Agency (PDA), Company
Guard Forces (CGF’s), Government Security Forces (GSF’s) and their security guards. A such the
control of Government Security Forces was removed from the NICA.

In August 04, 1969, a staff memo was issued by Headquarters, Philippine Constabulary
(HPC) organizing the Philippine Constabulary Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory
Office (PCSIASCO), and later renamed to PC Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation
Agencies (PCSOSIA). Pursuant to GO No. 404 dated 29 June 1970, the office was renamed to PC
Supervisory Unit and Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA).

On October 30, 1972, Presidential Decree # 11 was enacted amending a certain Section
of RA 5487, specifically Section # 3 (d), Section # 4, and Section # 8 of RA 5487, because on the
following reasons: (a) there were firms, companies and corporations including government
owned controlled corporation employing thousands of security guards who were provided with
firearms, but not covered in RA 5487: (b) the mother law (RA5487) does not provide adequate
safeguards against the intrusion of personal interest in the issuance of licenses; (c)there were
inadequate regulatory powers of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) now Philippine National
Police (PNP) over the operations of the Private Security Guards or watchmen.

On January 17, 1973, presidential Decree No. 100 amending some provisions of RA
5487, to cope up and make responsive the demand of peace and order especially during and
after the promulgation of Martial law under the Proclamation No. 1081 on September 1972
wherein the coordination of the Security agency and security guard in cooperation with the
maintenance of peace and order in the area of responsibility during their tour of duty.

On April 28, 1984, another law PD No. 1919 was created amending RA 5487 and PD No.
100, wherein these laws amended RA # 5487, giving the power of the Philippine Constabulary
(PC) now Philippine National Police (PNP) , to cancel security business and to impose
administrative fines to any security agency, and company guard forces found committing
minor or light offenses as well as administrative penalties for individual license security
guards found specific offense in violation of the penal laws. This law also giving the power of
the PC now PNP to specify the minimum of 200 and a maximum of 1,000 security guards in
every private security agency, minimum of 30 and a maximum of 1,000 in every company
guard forces, and a minimum of 30 and a maximum of 1,000 with regular License to Operate
(LTO), in three shift tour of duty.

On December 13, 1990 RA No. 6975 was enacted amending Section 11 of RA 5487
providing supervisory power of the PNP over the security agency. Pursuant to Memorandum
07-S96 dated 31 May 1996, the Security Agencies and Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD) was
created as one division under the Civil Security Group (CSG), to exercise supervisory authority
and implement the Rules and Regulations embodied in RA 5487. On September 25, 2009 SAGSD
was renamed as the Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) through
General Orders No. DPL -09-10. NAPOLCOM 321 dated 24 November 2010 approved GO No.
DPL-09-10 entitled “Confirming the Restructuring of the PNP CSG”. This time, more than 2,000
security agencies operating all over the country with almost 6,000 security guards employed on
the different security agencies, and almost 200 training centers for security
guards/supervisors/officers throughout the country.

B.Legal Basis on Industrial Security

1. Natural Authority

The highest law is the law of preservation. Naturally, man reacts in order to protect
themselves as well as members of their family, honor, freedom, liberty, and property from
danger, threat or hazards.
 2. Constitutional Basis on Industrial Security

a.Under Section 10 of Article XII of the 1987 Constitution particularly in the national
economy and patrimony, the congress shall enact measure that will encourage the formation
and operation of enterprises whose capital is wholly by the Filipinos. In granting of such rights
privileges and concessions covering the national economy and patrimony, the state shall give
preference to the qualified Filipino.

b.Under Section 14 of Article XII of the National Economy and Patrimony, the state shall
encourage technology and regulate its transfer for the national benefit. The practice of all
profession in the Philippines shall be limited to the Filipino citizens, except in cases prescribed
by law.

3.The Statutory Authority

a. Private Security Agency Law (Republic Act No. 5487, as amended)

b. The Revised Penal Code (Republic Act No. 3815, as amended)
c. Special Laws and Ordinances