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Circuits Lab

This document discusses resistors, including their purpose of limiting current flow, different types of resistors and their resistance values, and how to read resistor color codes. It also discusses series and parallel connections of resistors, including how current and voltage are affected depending on the connection type. Key formulas are presented for calculating current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits. Sample problems are provided to solve for unknown resistances and currents in circuits connected in series and parallel.

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106 views

Circuits Lab

This document discusses resistors, including their purpose of limiting current flow, different types of resistors and their resistance values, and how to read resistor color codes. It also discusses series and parallel connections of resistors, including how current and voltage are affected depending on the connection type. Key formulas are presented for calculating current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits. Sample problems are provided to solve for unknown resistances and currents in circuits connected in series and parallel.

Uploaded by

WyndellRio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resistors

DISCUSSION
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical
current in an digital circuit. Resistors can additionally be used to grant a specific voltage
for an active system such as a transistor.
There are many distinctive kinds of Resistor handy which can be used in each
electrical and electronic circuits to manipulate the flow of current or to produce a voltage
drop in many exceptional ways. But in order to do this the real resistor desires to have
some form of “resistive” or “resistance” value. Resistors are accessible in a range of
special resistance values from fractions of an Ohm ( Ω ) to hundreds of thousands of
Ohms.
The resistance value, tolerance, and wattage rating are usually printed onto the
body of the resistor as numbers or letters when the resistors body is massive ample to
read the print, such as large power resistors. But when the resistor is small such as a 1/4
watt carbon or film type, these specs ought to be proven in some other manner as the
print would be too small to read.
The resistor color code markings are usually read one band at a time beginning
from the left to the right, with the larger width tolerance band oriented to the proper side
indicating its tolerance. By matching the color of the first band with its related wide
variety in the digit column of the color chart below the first digit is identified and this
represents the first digit of the resistance value.

The Resistor Color Code Table


Series and Parallel Connection

DISCUSSION
The theoretical analysis of the circuits under study is based on Ohm's
and Kirchhoff's laws. The main equations relating the electrical parameters of each circuit
are presented next. 
1. Ohm's law. The voltage V (in volts, V) across a resistor is directly proportional
to the current I (in amperes, A) flowing through it. The constant of proportionality is the
resistance R 
(in ohms, Ω). 
V
I=
R
2. Resistors in series 
The current through N elements in series is the same for all of them.
IS = I T = I 1 = I 2 = I 3

DESIGN PROBLEMS
1. If the circuit is connected from a 12v DC supply and the equivalent resistance
of the current circuit is 60 ohms. What value of resistor(s) must be connected in series
into the circuit to have a current of 0.15A? 
2. If the circuit is connected from a 12v DC supply and the equivalent resistance
of the current circuit is 60 ohms. What value of resistor(s) must be connected in parallel
into the circuit to have a total current of 0.60A? 

PROBLEMS

1. Three resistors of 10, 12 and "x" ohms, respectively are connected in


parallel across a constant current source of 8A. Determine “x" if this resistors draws 2.5
A. 
2. Two lamps need 50v and 2A each in order to operate at a desired
brilliancy. They are to be connected in series across an 110v line. What is the resistance
of the rheostat which must be placed in series with the lamps? 
3. A 120V DC motor draws current of 100 A and is located 1000 ft from
the supply source. If the diameter of the copper transmission line is 0.45 inch, what must
be the voltage of the supply? 
4. Two rheostats of resistance 10 and 15 ohms are connected in parallel
and joined to a battery of negligible internal resistance. There is a current of 0.2A in the
10 ohm rheostat. Determine (a) the current in the 15 ohm rheostat and (b) the emf of the
battery. 
5. An 180 toaster, 1112 electric frying pan and 14Ω coffee maker are connected in
parallel across a 120v line. (a) What is the current through each appliance? (b) If a
household circuit could carry a maximum current of 15A, would it be able to run the
entire appliance at the same time?
6. Five 46Ω strip heaters are wired in parallel. (a) How much current does
each heater draw from a 120v line? (b) How much current do they draw all together? 
Series-Parallel Connection

DISCUSSION

It is mentioned that there are two different ways to connect two or more electrical
devices together in a circuit. They can be connected by means of series connections or by
means of parallel connections. When all the devices in a circuit are connected by series
connections, then the circuit is referred to as a series circuit. When all the devices in a
circuit are connected by parallel connections, then the circuit is referred to as a parallel
circuit. A third type of circuit involves the dual use of series and parallel connections in a
circuit; such circuits are referred to as compound circuits or combination circuits. The
circuit depicted at figure 3.9 is an example of the use of both series and parallel
connections within the same circuit. In this case, light bulbs A and B are connected by
parallel connections and light bulbs C and D are connected by series connections.
When analyzing combination circuits, it is critically important to have a
solid understanding of the concepts that pertain to both series circuits and
parallel circuits. Since both types of connections are used in combination circuits, the
concepts associated with both types of circuits apply to the respective parts of the circuit. 

Series Circuits  Parallel Circuits 


The current is the same in every The voltage drop is the same resistor.
across each parallel branch.
The sum of the voltage drops The sum of the current in each across the
individual resistors individual branch is equal to th and is equal to the
voltage rating current outside the branches. of the battery.
The overall resistance is equal to The equivalent or overall resis- to the sum
of the individual resis- tance is given by the equation tance values,
Rtot= R1 + R2 + R3 + ….. 1/Req= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…….

CIRCUIT DESIGN
1. Suppose a circuit is to be connected to a 12v DC supply, design a circuit to
have a total current of 0.1901A across the circuit. The sum of the voltage of the first two
resistors is equal to the total voltage. The voltage across the third resistor is equal to the
difference of the second and the fourth resistor, while the total current is equal to the
summation of current across second and third resistor. The current across the fifth resistor
is the difference of between the current in the third and the fourth resistors. The voltage
across the first resistor is 9.505v and the voltage across the fifth resistor is 1.426v, and is
equal to the fourth resistor. The total current is equal to the current on the first
resistor. The current on the third resistor is 0.1069A and the current on the fifth resistor is
0.356A. 

PROBLEMS

1. As one turns on more lamps in an ordinary household circuit, what happens to


the current in the first lamp? To the line current? To the line voltage? Why is it not
customary to connect household electric lamps in series?

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