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Problems For Chapter 2

1. The smallest positive root of the given equation between 0 and 8 is 3.078642, found using incremental search then Newton-Raphson method. 2. The maximum of the function f(x) = cos(x)cosh(x) - 1 occurs at x = 3.926, found using incremental search then bisection method. 3. The smallest positive root between 0 and 2 of the given equation is 1.26128, found using bisection method with an error less than 0.02.

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Aldhi Prastya
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39 views

Problems For Chapter 2

1. The smallest positive root of the given equation between 0 and 8 is 3.078642, found using incremental search then Newton-Raphson method. 2. The maximum of the function f(x) = cos(x)cosh(x) - 1 occurs at x = 3.926, found using incremental search then bisection method. 3. The smallest positive root between 0 and 2 of the given equation is 1.26128, found using bisection method with an error less than 0.02.

Uploaded by

Aldhi Prastya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 2

1) Find the smallest positive root of the equation:


𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑥𝑥 6
1− + + =0
6 120 5040

In the interval (0, 8), with an accuracy of 5 digits. Initially locate the root roughly with incremental search
technique, and then refine it using Newton-Raphson method.

Solution:
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑥𝑥 6
1− + + =0
6 120 5040
(0,8)
Starting with increment search of 1
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 1 0.8414 0.4539 0.03036 -0.3461

Therefore, the root between 3 and 4

Now using the Newton – Raphson Method

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 )
𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛−1 = 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 +
𝑓𝑓’(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 )

𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥5
f1 (x) = - + - =0
3 30 540

n 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 f( 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ) f1(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛+1 ) 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛+1


0 3 0.030357 -0.389286 3.077981
1 3.07781 2.53061x10-4 -0.382860 3.08642
2 3.078642 1.165579x0-7 -0.382808 3.0786423

Answer: 3.078642
4. Find the point where the following function has a maximum in the range 2 ≤ x ≤ 6 using the Bisection
method.
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 0
With an accuracy of 3 digits.

Solution:
f(x) = cos x cosh x – 1 = 0
𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
for maximum g(x) = = 0 or cosx sinhx – coshx sinx = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

using incremental search we get


x 2 3 4
g(x) -4.49303 -11.3384 2.8291

we start between 3 and 4


a = 3 and b =4
f(a)=-11.3384 and f(b) = 2.8291
p = 3.5 and f(p)= -9.67799
therefore p is the new a. continuing we get

n a b p fa fb fp
1 3 4 3.5 -11.3384 2.829058 -9.67799
2 3.5 4 3.75 -9.67799 2.829058 -5.27746
3 3.75 4 3.875 -5.27746 2.829058 -1.75589
4 3.875 4 3.9375 -1.75589 2.829058 0.394922
5 3.875 3.9375 3.90625 -1.75589 0.394922 -0.7148
6 3.90625 3.9375 3.921875 -0.7148 0.394922 -0.16866
7 3.921875 3.9375 3.929688 -0.16866 0.394922 0.110936
8 3.921875 3.929688 3.925782 -0.16866 0.110954 -0.0294
9 3.921578 3.929688 3.925633 -0.17919 0.110954 -0.03471
10 3.925633 3.929688 3.927661 -0.03471 0.110954 0.037973
11 3.925633 3.927611 3.926622 -0.03471 0.036195 0.000706
12 3.925633 3.926622 3.926128 -0.03471 0.000706 -0.01701

Therefore, maximum is at 3.926


6. Determine the smallest positive root between (0,2) of the given equation using Bisection method with an
error less than 0.02.
1
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥

Solution:
1
f(x) = cosx - 1n x
𝑥𝑥

using incremental search we get


x 0 1 2
f(x) 0.540302 -0.76272

Therefore root lies between 1 and 2


a = 1 and b =2
f(a)=0.5403 and f(b) = -0.763
p = 1.5 and f(p)= -0.1996
Therefore p is the new b.
n A b p fa fb fp er
1 1 2 1.5 0.540302 -0.76272 -0.19957

2 1 1.5 1.25 0.540302 -0.19957 0.136808 0.2


3 1.25 1.5 1.375 0.136808 -0.19957 -0.03706 0.090909
4 1.25 1.375 1.3125 0.136808 -0.03706 0.048246 0.047619
5 1.3125 1.375 1.34375 0.048246 -0.03706 0.00522 0.023256
6 1.34375 1.375 1.359375 0.00522 -0.03706 -0.01601 0.011494
15. Use Newton-Raphson method to determine the positive root of the equation
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 = 0
Correct to 3 decimal places.

Solutuion:
sin(x) – 4x2 + 1 = 0
f’(x) = cos(x) – 8x

from incremental we get


(x) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
f(x) 1 1.0598 1.038669 0.9355 0.7494 0.4794 0.1246 -0.316

Therefore,
x0 = 0.6

f(x0) = f(0.6) = sin(0.6) – 4(0.6)2 + 1 = 0.124642


f’(x0) = f’(0.6) = cos(0.6) – 8(0.6) = -3.97466
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥0 ) 0.124642
x1 = x0 – ( ) = 0.6 - ( ) = 0.63136
𝑓𝑓 ′(𝑥𝑥0 ) −3.97466

Continuing in table form


i xi f(xi) f’(xi) xi + 1 ∑
0 0.6 0.124642 -3.79466 0.63136 0.04967
1 0.63136 -0.0042 -4.24365 0.630366 0.001576
2 0.630366 -4.2 * 10-6 -4.23512 0.630365 1.59 * 10-6

x = 0.63036
25. Find cubic root of 8 using Secant method accurate to 4 digits.
(Hint: solve x3 – 8 = 0).

Solution:
x3 – 8 = 0
Cubic root of 8 is 2. Therefore we start at 1.9;
xn = 1.9 and xn – 1 = 1.8

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 )− 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛−1 ) (−1.141)− (−2.168)


f’(xn) = = = 10.27
𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 − 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛−1 1.9 – 1.8
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ) −1.141
xn + 1 = xn – ( ) = 1.9 - ( ) = 2.0111
𝑓𝑓 ′(𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ) 10.27

Continuing in table form


n xn – 1 xn f(xn) f(xn – 1) f’(xn) xn + 1
0 1.8 1.9 -1.141 -2.168 10.27 2.0111
1 1.9 2.0111 0.133944 -1.141 11.4756 1.999428
2 2.0111 1.999428 -0.00686 0.133944 12.0633 1.999997
Therefore,
x = 1.999997 or 2

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