TESTCODE O22I2O2O

FORM TP-20t0ts2 MAY/JUNE 2O1O

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROF'ICIENCY EXAMINATION

CHENtrSTRY

IliYIT2 - Paper02

2 hours 30 nfinutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFT]LLY.

1. This paper consists of SD( compulsory questions in TWO bections.

2. Section A consists of THREE structured questions, one from each Module.

Section B consists of THREE extended response questions, one from each
Module.

3. For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. For
Section B, write your answers in the answer booklet provided.

4. All working must be shown.

5. The use of silent, non?rogranrmable calculators is permitted.

6. A data booklet is provided.

Copyright @ 2008 Caribbean Examinations Council@.

All rights reserved.
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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions in this section.

Write yonr answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

MODTJLB 1

THE CHENISTRY OF CARBON COMPOT]NDS

L. Figure 1 shows a reaction scheme.

+
coraKMno4/H+
I
I

QHr 9Ht

\"' l"' <-

\ro' /
tr
\ l%.
,:t
HO cH, H

.E A

lr
't
f"'
*tc-fr + f"'
i=o
ooH
D

Figure L. Reaction scheme

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(a) State the reagents and/or conditions necessary for EACH of the following reactions:

(D I (from A to D)

[ 2 marks]

(ii) tr (from A to E)

[ 2 marks]

(b) Draw the strucflre for EACH of the following compounds:

(i) B

(ii) c

[2 marks]

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(c) A can theoretic'ally be used to make a polymer.

(D What is meant by a 'polymer'?

Ilmark]
(iD Identify the type of polymerisation A would MOST likely undergo.

I Lmark]
(iii) Name any ONE industrial polymer which could result from the polymerisation
process named at (c) (ii) above.

Ilmark]
(iv) Suggest the repeat unit for a polymer made from A-

I lmark]
(v) Can compounds such as those in D undergo addition polymerisation? Justify
your answer.

[ 2 marks]

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,
Write the general structure of an amino acid.

I lmark ]

(e) Nylon 6.6 and proteins are macromolecules formed from the condensation of smaller
molecules.

State ttre simitarity and the difference between the structures of these macromolecules.

Similarity

Difference

[ 2 marks]

Total 15 marks

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MODULE 2

ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHNIQT]ES

2. (a) State the meaning of EACH of the following terms:

(i) Electromagnetic radiation

(iD Wavelength

(iii) Frequency

[ 3 marks]
(b) Using the formula, r, = c / ?,,, calculate the missing frequencies and wavelengths in
Table I and identify the corresponding type of electromagnetic radiation.
(c=3.0x108msr)

TABLE 1: PROPERTTES OF ELECTROMAGI\ETIC RADIATION

Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Tlpe of Electromagnetic Radiation

(D 3 x 1013 (iii)

3.16 (ii) (iv)

[ 4 marks]

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(c) In the UVnnS spectroscopic analysis of an organic comPound, X, a beam of light of

wavelength 200 nm is passed through the compound-
(1) State THREE steps that must be followed in preparing the sample of Compound
X for LIVnnS sPectroscopic analysis.

[ 3 marks]
(ii) Complexing reagents are sometimes used in the UV/WS spectral analysis of
compounds.

StateT'WO properties of complexing reagents which make themsuitable foruse

in UVA/IS analysis.

[ 2 marks]

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(d) Calculate EACH of the foJlowing:

(i) The amount of energy absorbed by one molecule of a compound where

u = 1.5 x 10rs s-r

(Use E = hu, where h = 6.63 x 10{a J s)

I lmark ]

(ii) The energy absorbed by one mole of the compound

[ 2 marks]

Total 15 marks

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MODT]LE 3
:

II\DUSTRYAi\D THE ET.IVIRONMENT

3. (a) Rain water in an unpolluted atmosphere has a pH of 5.6.

(i) Identify TWO gases in the atmosphere which contribute to this pH.

[ 2 marks]

(ii) Identify a natural source of EACH of the gases in (a) (i) above.

[ 2 marks]

(iii) 'Write
a suitable equation to show the reaction of any ONE of the gases in (a) (D
with water.

[ 2 marks]

(b) Acid rain is a term used to describe rain water which has a pH less than 5. The
occurrence of acid rain is more prevalent in industrialized, heavily populated areas.

(D Briefly outline TWO factori.ihat are responsible for acid rain in industrialized,
heavily populated areas.

[ 2 marks]

(ii) SuggestTWO effects of acid rain on the environment.

[ 2 marks]

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(c) A potable water supply is suspected to be contaminated with Pb2* and NOr- ions and
you are required to test if this is true.

(i) Suggest a precaution you would take to ensure that there is no external
contamination of your water sample.

I lmark]
(ii) Name ONE reagent that you would use, to confirm the claim of contamination
by EACH of the following:

Pb2*

NO;
[ 2 marks]
(iii) State the expected results of the tests using the reagents named in (c) (ii) above,
if the water is contaminated by Pb2* and NOi.

Pb2*

NO;
[ 2 marks]

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B

AnswerALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the separate answer booklet provided.

MODULE 1

THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOTJNDS

4. A and B are structural isomers.

CH"(OH)CIICH(CH3)CH2CH2CH = CH(CH')
A

CH3CH(CH3)CHTCILCHTCH = CH(CTLOH)
B

(a) Explain why A and B ile stnrctural isomers. [ 2 marks]

(b) Name TWO functional groups present in BOTH molecules. [ 2 marks]

(c) A and B also show stereoisomerism.

(i) Draw the displayed formula of A and circle a chiral carbon atom on the
molecule. [ 2 marks]

(ii) Draw geometrical isomers of B,AND suggest why B has NO optical isomers.
[ 3 marks]
(d) (i) Explain what is meant by the term'cracking'. [ 2 marks]

(ii) The gaseous compound octane, CrH,r, undergoes cracking to produce two
hydrocarbon fragments, each containing the same number of carbon atoms.

a) Write the equation to represent the above process.

b) Describe a simple laboratory test to distinguish between these two

hydrocarbon fragments. [ 4 marks]
Total 15 marks

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MODITLE 2

ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHMQUES

5. (a) Mass spectrom€try is used to measure particular characteristics of a given molecular

sample. State THREE characteristics of a molecule that mass spectral data can be used
todetermine. t 3marksl
(b) Figure 2 shows the mass spectrum for a haloalkane containing chlorine.

100

bS

R
tn
c)

c)

G
0)
il

30 40 50
m/e

Figure 2. Mass spectrum for a haloalkane containing chlorine

(D Whatisthem/eratioof theMandM+ I peak? [ 2marks]

(ii) Deduce the formula of the fragments at m / e ratios: 43,63 and 65.
[ 3 marks]
(iii) Hence, deduce the formula of the M and M+ I molecular ion species and
name the compound. [ 3 marks]

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(c) Chlorine has two isotopes with relative atomic masses of 34:.97 and 36.96, and relative
abundance of 7 5 .7 7 Vo and 24 .23 Vo respectively.

Deduce the average relative atomic mass of naturally occurring chlorine. t 2 marksl

(d) Another separation technique used in industry is chromatograPhy.

State TWO applications of chromatograPhy. [ 2 marks]

Total 15 marks

MODULE 3

INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT

6. Ammonia is manufactured from its elements by the Haber Process. The process taking place
in the reaction chamber is represented by the equation

\(g) + 3Hr(g) * zNHr(eX AfIa = -92 kJ mol '

(a) Identify the source and the Process used to produce nitrogen. [ 2 marks]

(b) Hydrogen is obtained from natural gas by reaction with steam.

(i) State the name of the process. I lmark ]

(ii) 'Write
the equation for its production. [ 2 marks]

(c) Using Le Chatelier's principle, describe the conditions under which optimal yields of
ammonia can be obtained. [ 2 marks]
(d) Account for the differences between the conditions of (c) above with those used in the
Haber Process. [ 2 marks]

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. (e) Water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances accounts for it being easily
polluted. The Showerdem River runs through the Niceness Valley. Drains from
houses as well as crops enter the river directly. Three possible pollutants - nitrates,
phosphates and lead have been suggested by the Environmental Management
Council (EMC) within the village.

Complete Table 2 to suggest ONE source for EACH pollutant and ONE effect of
EACH pollutant.

TABLE 2: POLLUTANT, SOURCE AND EFFECT

Pollutant Source Polluting Effect

NO;

Poo'

Pb2*

[ 6 marks]

Total l.5 marks

END OFTEST

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