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2 Structure 1

The document provides information about subjects, verbs, objects of prepositions, present participles, and past participles which are important grammatical concepts tested in the TOEIC exam. It defines each concept and gives examples to illustrate them. A series of exercises are included for students to identify these grammatical elements in sentences and determine if the sentences are correct or incorrect. The exercises cover identifying subjects and verbs, prepositional phrases, and labeling present and past participles as adjectives or verbs. The goal is to help students practice these grammar skills in order to do well on structure questions in the TOEIC exam.

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Adel shbel
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65 views5 pages

2 Structure 1

The document provides information about subjects, verbs, objects of prepositions, present participles, and past participles which are important grammatical concepts tested in the TOEIC exam. It defines each concept and gives examples to illustrate them. A series of exercises are included for students to identify these grammatical elements in sentences and determine if the sentences are correct or incorrect. The exercises cover identifying subjects and verbs, prepositional phrases, and labeling present and past participles as adjectives or verbs. The goal is to help students practice these grammar skills in order to do well on structure questions in the TOEIC exam.

Uploaded by

Adel shbel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

1.1 Subject and Verb

Sentence in English should have a subject and a verb. The most common types of problems that
you will encounter in structure question in TOEIC test are related to subjects and verb: perhaps
the sentence is missing either the subject or the verb or both, or perhaps the sentence has an extra
subject or verb. For example:

1. ____ was ringing continuously for hours.


a. Loudly
b. In the morning
c. The phone
d. The bell
2. Newspaper ____ every morning and evening.
a. Delivery
b. Are delivered
c. On time
d. Regularly

Exercise 1: Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or Incorrect (I).

1. My best friend always helpful with problems.


2. The bus schedule has changed since last week.
3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.
4. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes.
5. The professor handed the syllabus for the students.
6. Each day practiced the piano for four hours.
7. The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop.
8. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly.
9. Walking with the children to school.
10. The whales headed south for the winter.

1.2 Object of Preposition

An object of preposition is a noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition such as in, at, of, to,
by, behind, and on to form a prepositional phrase.
For example: The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours).
This sentence contains three object of prepositions. Island is the object of preposition of
preposition to, Saturday is the object of preposition of preposition on, hours is the object of
preposition of preposition for. An object of preposition can cause confusion in the structure
section of TOEIC test because it can be mistaken for the subject of sentence. For example:
To Mike ____ was a big surprise.
a. Really
b. The party
c. Funny
d. When

Exercise 2: circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb. Underline the subjects
once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are
correct (C) or Incorrect (I).

1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.


2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers.
3. The direction to the exercise on page twenty unclear.
4. Before the heavy rain throughout the night, the walk ways are muddy.
5. During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria.
6. In the morning after the concert was tired.
7. In the summer trip to the mountains is our favorite trip.
8. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house.
9. With her purse in her hand ran trough he door.
10. At 11:00 in the morning the alarm clock on the table beside the bed rang.

1.3 Present Participle


Present participle is the –ing form of the verb. Present participle can cause confusion in the
structure question of TOEIC test because the present participle can be: (1) part of the verb or (2)
an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is preceded by some form of the verb be. It is an
adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be.
For example:
a. As a verb
The train is arriving at the station now.
b. As adjective
The train arriving at the station now is an hour late.

Exercise 3: Circle the present participle and label them as adjectives or verbs. Underline the
subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or Incorrect (I).

1. The crying baby needs to be picked up.


2. The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing machine.
3. The waitress bringing the steaming soup to the waiting diners.
4. Most of the striking workers are walking the picket line.
5. For the birthday, the child is getting a talking doll.
6. The setting sun creating a rainbow of colors in the sky.
7. The ship is sailing to Mexico is leaving tonight.
8. The boring class just ending a few minutes ago.
9. The letter needing immediate answer are on the desk.
10. The fast moving clouds are bringing freezing rain to the area.

1.4 Past Participle


Past participle can cause confusion in structure question on the TOEIC test because a past
participle can be either an adjective or part of the verb. The past participle is the form of the verb
that appears with have or be. It often ends in –ed, but there are also many irregular past
participles in English.
a. As verb
The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.
The classes were taught by Professor Smith.
b. As adjective
The letter left in the mailbox was for me.
The classes taught by Prof. Smith were interesting.
NOTE: A past participle often ends in –ed, but there are also many irregular past participle. For
many verbs, including –ed verbs, the simple past and the past pasticiple are the same and can be
confused. The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past participle (3) an
adjective.

Exercise 4: Circle the past participle and label them as adjectives or verbs. Underline the subjects
once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are
correct (C) or Incorrect (I).

1. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious.


2. The plane landed on the deserted runway.
3. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinner time.
4. The course are listed in the catalogue are required courses.
5. The teacher found the lost exam.
6. The small apartment very crowded and disorganized.
7. The photographs developed yesterday showed Sam and his friend.
8. The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels.
9. The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into log.
10. The students registered in this course are listed on that sheet of paper.

Review exercise 1-4: subject and verb, object of preposition, present participle, past
participle

1. ___ first settled in the Hawaiian Islands between A.D. 300 and 750.
a. The Polynesians
b. The Polynesians arrived
c. Because of The Polynesians
d. It was The Polynesians
2. In 1066, a bright comet ____ in the sky attracted much intention.
a. Was appearing
b. Appears
c. It appeared
d. Appearing
3. In some daguerreotype cameras, ___ through a hole in the back of the box.
a. The object’s view
b. The object was viewed
c. From the view of the object
d. Viewed the object
4. In the stone age, stone tools ___ with other rock materials.
a. Polishing
b. They polished
c. For polish
d. Were polished
5. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic ___ Savannah, in 1819.
a. Was the
b. It was the
c. The
d. In it the
6. The earth plate meet each other at cracks in the earth ___ faults.
a. Were called
b. Calls
c. Called
d. It was called
7. The first plant like organisms probably ___ in the sea, perhaps three billion years ago.
a. Life
b. Living
c. Lived
d. It was living
8. In male pattern baldness, ___ strongly influences the degree of hair loss.
a. Heredity
b. Inherited
c. Inherits
d. Heredity has
9. In Watch The Skies, Curtis Peebles ___ attempt to explain America’s belief in flying
saucers.
a. Makes a fascinating
b. Making a fascinating
c. Fascination with making
d. Fascination made a
10. The irregular coastline of ___ a succession of bays and inlets, with the hook of the Cape
Cod peninsula in the Southeast.
a. Massachusetts
b. Massachusetts is
c. Massachusetts it is
d. Massachusetts on

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