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Module 1 - Intro To Communication

This document provides an introduction to communication, covering key topics in 3 paragraphs or less: 1. It defines communication as the transmission of intelligence between two or more points, and describes the basic process. It also outlines some common barriers to communication and the types of intelligence that can be transmitted. 2. It provides a brief historical background of important developments in communication technologies from the 1820s to the late 1950s/early 1960s. 3. It describes the basic components of a communication system, including the transmitter, transmission channel, receiver, and some common limitations around noise and bandwidth. It also outlines the radio spectrum and different modes of transmission including simplex, half-duplex, and full-

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Aira Mae Crespo
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views

Module 1 - Intro To Communication

This document provides an introduction to communication, covering key topics in 3 paragraphs or less: 1. It defines communication as the transmission of intelligence between two or more points, and describes the basic process. It also outlines some common barriers to communication and the types of intelligence that can be transmitted. 2. It provides a brief historical background of important developments in communication technologies from the 1820s to the late 1950s/early 1960s. 3. It describes the basic components of a communication system, including the transmitter, transmission channel, receiver, and some common limitations around noise and bandwidth. It also outlines the radio spectrum and different modes of transmission including simplex, half-duplex, and full-

Uploaded by

Aira Mae Crespo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRO.

TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION – is the transmission of intelligence between two or more points. It


is the process of sending, receiving and processing of messages/information/data by
electronic means.

Barriers to Communication

1. Language

2. Distance

Type of Intelligence Transmitted

1. Analog signals – time varying voltage or currents that constantly changing.

2. Digital signals – are current or voltage that change in discrete steps or


levels.

Types of Signals

1. Baseband signals – original signal. The baseband signal is usually a


multiplexed signal, carrying a number of individual telephone signals,
video signals and data.

2. Modulated signals – modulating signal and carrier signal

Advantages of Digital Signals

1. Better performance

2. Improved noise immunity

3. Easier to multiplex

4. Easier to interface

5. More secure than analog signals

6. Flexibility: Any kind of information fits on any kind of channel

7. Performance: Lower noise, more users, less power, higher rate

COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 1


INTRO. TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

Disadvantages of Digital Signals

1. Need for large (wide) bandwidth

2. Need of synchronization

3. Need for additional equipment

4. Restriction to wired topology

5. Complexity: System design and implementation is more expensive

Factors Affecting the Signals

1. Noise

2. Distortion

3. Interference

4. Attenuation

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• 1820 – Danish physicist H.C. Oersted showed that an electric current produces
magnetic field.

• 1831 – British physicist Michael Faraday discovered that a magnet in motion can
generate electricity.

• 1837 – Samuel Morse invented the telegraph.

• 1864 – James Clark Maxwell predicted the Theory of Electromagnetism which


became the theoretical basis of radio.

• 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

• 1887 – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz demonstrated the effect of radio in space. He


showed that radio waves can be reflected, refracted, diffracted etc.

• 1893 – Nicola Tesla outlined the basic principle of radio transmission and
reception. He saw the possible use of radio waves in long distance wireless
communication.

COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 2


INTRO. TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

• 1894 – Guigliermo Marconi invented the Marconi antenna. He provided the first
complete system of wireless communication.

• 1906 – Lee de Forest invented the triode vacuum tubes which provide the first
form of practical electronic amplification and really opened door for wireless
communication.

• 1920 – commercial radio broadcasting began in Pennsylvania.

• 1931 – Edwin Howard Armstrong patented FM.

• 1935 – Monophonic FM commercial broadcasting began.

• 1941 – 1945 – Popular use of TV broadcasting

• 1948 – Bell lab scientist Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen invented the transistor.

• 1951 – TV broadcasting reached the Philippines shore.

• 1953 – Color TV system was adopted.

• 1957 – Russia launches the first world satellite called Sputnik.

• 1958 – Kilbey & Noyce developed the first IC. NASA launches their first satellite.

• 1961 – stereo broadcasting in FM band was adopted.

Components of a Communication System

1. Transmitter – it is the source of information It processes the information so as to


make it suitable for transmission and subsequent reception. It performs encoding
and modulation.

2.
COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 3
INTRO. TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

3. Transmission channel – provides a means of transporting signals between


transmitter and receiver.

4. Receiver – circuit that accepts the transmitted signals from the transmission
medium and then converts back to their original form. Receiver operations
include amplification, demodulation, decoding and filtering.

Limitations of Communication System

1. Noise – if noise level becomes too high, information is lost.

2. Bandwidth of frequency allocated for the transmitted signal.

RADIO SPECTRUM

Radio Spectrum Frequency Wavelength


ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) 30 Hz to 300 Hz Megametric
Waves
VF (Voice Frequency 300 Hz to 3 KHz Hectokilometric
Waves
VLF (Very Low Frequency) 3 KHz to 30 KHz Myriametric Waves
LF (Low Frequency) 30 KHz to 300 kHz Kilometric Waves
MF (Medium Frequency) 300 KHz to 3 MHz Hectometric
Waves
HF (High Frequency) 3 MHz to 30 MHz Decametric
Waves
VHF (Very High Frequency 30 MHz to 300 MHz Metric Waves
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 300 MHz to 3 GHz Decimetric Waves
SHF (Super High Frequency) 3 GHz to 30 GHz Millimetric Waves
EHF (Extremely High Frequency) 30 GHz to 300 GHz Centimetric Waves
Infrared Light 300 GHZ to 300 THz Decimillimetric
Waves
300 THz to 3000 THz Decimicrometric
Visible Light
Waves
Ultraviolet Light 3 PHz to 30 PHz
X-rays 30 PHz to 300 PHz
Gamma Rays 300 PHz to 3000 PHz
Cosmic Rays 3 EHz to 30 EHz

COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 4


INTRO. TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

Modes of Transmission

1. Simplex Transmission

▪ AM and FM broadcasting
▪ Digital radio
▪ TV broadcasting
▪ Digital television (DTV)
▪ Cable television
▪ Facsimile
▪ Paging services
▪ Navigation and direction-finding services
▪ Telemetry
▪ Radio astronomy
▪ Surveillance
▪ Music services
▪ Internet radio and video
▪ Wireless remote control

2. Half-duplex Transmission

a. Telephones
b. Two-way radio
c. Radar
d. Sonar
e. Amateur radio
f. Citizens radio
g. The Internet
h. Wide-area networks (WANs)
i. Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
j. Local area networks (LANs)

3. Full-duplex Transmission

COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 5


INTRO. TO COMMUNICATION – MODULE 1

COMPILED BY: DR. CARLOS C. SISON, PECE, ASEAN ENGR., ACPE 6

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