NEGROS ACADEMY

Tampocon II, Ayungon Negros Oriental

Division of Negros Oriental
Region VII

LEARNING MODULE
IN
MATHEMATICS 9
2nd Quarter

Name of student:___________________________________________
Section: ____________________________
 ILLUSTRATING,TRANSLATING AND SOLVE PROBLEMS
INVOLVING VARIATIONS.

COMPETENCIES:
 illustrates situations that involve the following variations: (a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d)
combined. (M9AL-IIa-1 )

 translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a) a table of
values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa. (M9AL-IIa-b-1 )

 solve problems involving direct variations. ( M9AL-IIb-c-1 )

VARIATIONS
PRE-TEST: Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. Encircle only the letter of the
choice that you think best answers the question.

1. The cost c varies directly as the number n of pencils is written as

k k
a. c = kn b. k = cn c. n = d. c =
c n

2. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?

a.
x 2 3 4 5

5 10 5 2
y 3 2

b.
x 1 2 3 4

y 5 10 15 20

c.
x 4 30 20 10
0
y 8 6 4 2

d.
x 4 8 10 12

y 2 4 5 6
3. What mathematical statement describes the graph below?

l l w
a. lw = 36 b.
w
= 36 c. 36 =w d. 36 =l

4. The amount of gasoline used by a car varies jointly as the distance travelled and the square
root of the speed. Suppose a car used 25 liters on a 100 km trip at 100 kph, about how many
liters will it use on a 1000-km trip at 64 kph?

a. 100L b. 200L c. 300L d. 400L

5. If s varies directly as t and inversely as v, then which of the following equations describes the
relation among the three variables s, t, and v?

k kv 1 k kt
a. s=
tv
b. s= t c. s = tv d. s= v
II. What to Know

This module is assessing your knowledge to demonstrate understanding of key

concepts of variations, to formulate real-life problems involving these concepts, and to
solve these using a variety of strategies.

Study the discussions and Learn.

VARIATION
It is the relationship between two (or more) quantities where one quantity
varies in relation to the other.

Types of Variation
Direct variation one variable is multiplied by a constant
and increases, another variable
(the quotient) also increases

There is direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of

numbers in which their ratio is constant.
The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x”
may be translated mathematically as y = kx, where k is the
constant of variation.

For two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an

increase in y as well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a
decrease in y.

Example # 1
Statement : If the distance d varies directly as the time t.

Mathematical Statement: d = kt
time
distance
constant of variation
Example # 2
If the distance d varies directly as the time t,

then the relationship can be translated into a

mathematical statement as d = kt,
where k is the constant of variation.

Likewise, if the distance d varies directly as the rate r,

then the mathematical equation describing the relation is d = kr .

Example # 3
The table below shows that the distance d varies directly as the time t. Find the
constant of variation and the equation of variation which describes the relation.

Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (km) 10 20 3 40 50
0

Solution:
Since the distance d varies directly as the time t, then d = kt.

Using one of the pairs of values, (2, 20), from the table, substitute the values of
d and t in d = kt and solve for k.

t = 2, and d = 20

mathematical equation d = kt.

20 k (2)
20 = k(2) =
2 2

20 k (2)
= 10 = k or k = 10
2 2
Therefore the constant of variation is 10

Substituting 10 to the mathematical equation/statement d = kt.

d = kt.
d = 10t equation of variation
Example # 4
If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 6, find the constant variation
and the equation of variation.

Solution:
a. Express the statement “y varies directly as x” as y = kx.

Statement “y varies directly as x”

Mathematical Statement y = kx.

b. Solve for k by substituting the given values in the equation.

Given:
x=6 Mathematical Statement/equation
y = 24
y = kx 24=k (6)

24 k 6
=
6 6

24 k 6
=
6 6

4=k

Constant of variation (k ) is 4 .
Equation of variation is y = 4x.

Example # 5
If x varies directly as y and x = 35 when y = 7, what is the value of y when x = 25?

Solution 1
Since x varies directly as y, then the equation of variation is in the form x = ky.
Substitute the given values of y and x to solve for k in the equation.

For x = 35 and y = 7, find first the value of k using these values.

x = ky 35 = k(7)
35 = 7k
35 7 k
=
7 7
35 7 k
7
=
7 5 = k therefore k = 5
 Solution 2

what is the value of y when x = 25?

From solution 1 the value of k = 5, the equation of variation in second solution is:

Substituting the value of x = 25 and the value of k = 5:

25 = 5y equation of variation

Finding the value of y:

25 = 5y

25 5 y
=
5 5
25 5 y
=
5 5

5 = y y =5

Example # 6: Worded Problem

a. A mailman can sort out 738 letters in 6 hours. If the number of sorted letters varies
directly as the number of working hours, how many letters can be sorted out in 9
hours?
Solution:
Let n be the number of sorted letters and h be the number of working
hours.

Hence, the number of sorted letters varies directly as the number of

working hours.

Therefore n=kh, n=738 ,∧h=6

Substitute the values to obtain k .

n=kh 738=k (6)

738=6 k
738 6 k
=
6 6
n k = 123 h
Next, how many letters can be sorted out in 9 hours?

n=kh n=123(9)
n=1,107 letters in 9 hours
EVALUATION:
(NOTE: Read the directions carefully before you answer. )

A. Write a mathematical equation for the following statements.

( Write your answer on the space provided after each statement.)

Example:
The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his destination.
F = kd mathematical equation

1. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.

2. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly as its height h.

3. The length L of a person’s shadow at a given time varies directly as the height h of
the person.

4. An employee’s salary S varies directly as the number of days d he has worked.

5. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed s.

B. Write an equation of variation where y varies directly as x.

(Write your solution at the back of the module, and write your final answer on the space
provided before the number. )

Example:
y = 28 when x = 7

Solution :

y = kx mathematical statement

substitute the value of y and x to find k.

28 = k( 7 )

28 = 7k

28 7 k
=
7 7

28 7 k
=
7 7

4 ¿ k or k = 4

Substitute the value of k to the mathematical statement y = kx.

 y = kx
y = 4x equation of variation

the final answer.

1. y = 63 when x = 81

2. y = 400 when x = 25

3. y = 48 and x = 6

4. y = -18 when x = 9

5. y = 2.5 when x = .25

C. In each of the following, y varies directly as x. Find the values as indicated.

Write your answer with solution at the back of this module.

NOTE: ( Refer your solution in example # 5 )

1. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 12

2. If y = -18 when x = 9, find y when x = 7

3. If y = -3 when x = -4, find x when y = 2

4. If y = 3 when x = 10, find x when y = 1.2

5. If y = 2.5 when x = .25, find y when x = .75

Inverse Variation

Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation

produces pairs of numbers whose product is constant.

For two quantities x and y, an increase in x

causes a
decrease in y or vice versa. We can say that y varies
k
inversely as x or y= x

The statement, “y varies inversely to x,” translates

k
to y=
x ,

where k is the constant of variation.

Example # 1
Find the equation and solve for k: y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 18.

Solution:

k
The relation y varies inversely as x translates to y= .
x

Substitute the values to find k:

k
y=
x

k
6=
18

k = 6(18) by cross multiplication

k = 108
108
The equation of variation is y= final answer
x
Example # 2
If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 2, find y when x = 10.

This concerns two pairs of values of x and y which may be solved in two solutions.

Solution 1:

First, set the relation, and then find the constant of variation, k.

k
y=
x
k =x ( y) by cross multiplication

k =xy

k =2(10) Substitute the given values

k =20

20
y= equation of variation
x

Solution 2 :

Next, find y when x = 10 by substituting the value of x in the equation,

20
y=
x

20
y= substitute the value of x
10
y=2 the value of y when x = 10

Example # 3 ( WORDED PROBLEM )

The number of days needed in repairing a house varies inversely as the number
of men working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the house. How many men are
needed to complete the job in 6 days?

Solution:
Let n be the number of men needed and d be t ofhe number days.

Hence, the number of days d varies inversely as the number of men n,

k
the equation is d=
n
 Substituting the value of d = 15 and n = 2 to the equation to find the
constant of variation ( k )

k k
d= 15=
n 2
15(2)=k by cross multiplication

30 = k

k = 30 constant of variation

Next, How many men are needed to complete the job in 6 days?
n=? , d = 6 days

Using the equation

k 30
d= 6=
n n

6(n)=30
`
6 n 30
=
6 6

n=5

Therefore 5 men are needed to complete the job in 6 days

EVALUATION:
(NOTE: Read the directions carefully before you answer. )

A. Write each of the following statements as a mathematical equation.

(Refer example # 2 )

( Write your answer on the space provided after each statement. )

1. The number of pizza slices p varies inversely as the number of persons n

sharing a whole pizza.

2. The number of pechay plants n in a row varies inversely as the space s between
them.
 3. The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the number of
days d to finish the job.

4. The acceleration a of a car is inversely proportional to its mass m.

5. The length L of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width W.

B. Solve for the indicated variable in each of the following.

( Write your solutions at the back of this module .)

1. If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 4, find y when x = 6.

2. If r varies inversely as s and r = 100 when s = 27, find the value of r when
s = 45.

3. If p varies inversely as the square of q and p = 3 when q = 4, find p when

q = 16.

4. If y varies inversely as x and y = -2 when x = -8, find x when y = 2.

5. If w varies inversely as y and w = 2 when y = 3, find w when y = 6.

Joint Variation

This lesson deals with another concept of variation,

the joint variation.

Some physical relationships, as in area or volume, may

involve three or more variables simultaneously.

The statement “a varies jointly as b and c”

a
means a = kbc, or k=
bc where k is the constant
of variation.

Examples:

1. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a = 36

when b = 3 and c = 4.

Solution:
a = kbc

a 36
k= k=
bc (3 ) (4)
36
k=
12

k =3

For a=kbc

Substitute the value of k

Therefore, the equation of variation is a = 3bc

 2. z varies jointly as x and y. If z =16 when x = 4 and y = 6,
find the constant of variation and the equation of the relation.

Solution:
z = kxy

solving the constant of variation:

z 16
k= k=
xy ( 4 )( 6)
16
k=
24
2
k= constant of variation
3
For z=kxy

Substitute the value of k

2
z= xy equation of the relation.
3

EVALUATION:
(NOTE: Read the directions carefully before you answer. )
A. Translate each statement into a mathematical sentence. Use k as the constant of variation.
( Write your answer on the space provided after each statement. )

1. P varies jointly as q and r.

2. V varies jointly as l, w, and h.

3. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and altitude h.

4. The volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its height h and the square of the radius r.

5. The heat H produced by an electric lamp varies jointly as the resistance R and the

square of the current i.

6. The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass m and the acceleration a.

7. The volume V of a pyramid varies jointly as the area of the base B and the altitude h.

8. The area A of a triangle varies jointly as the base b and the altitude h.

9. The appropriate length s of a rectangular beam varies jointly as its width w and its

depth d.
 10. The electrical voltage V varies jointly as the current I and the resistance R.

B. Solve for the value of the constant of variation k, then find the missing value.
( Write your solutions at the back of this module .)

1. z varies jointly as x and y. If z = 3 when x = 3 and y = 15, find z when x = 6 and y = 9.

2. d varies jointly as h and g. If d = 15 when h = 14 and g = 5, find g when h = 21 and

d = 8.

3. x varies jointly as w, y, and z. If x = 18, when w = 2, y = 6 and z = 5, find x when w = 5,

y = 12 and z = 3.

4. z varies jointly as x and y and z = 60 when x = 5 and y = 6.

a. Find z when x = 7 and y = 6.

b. Find x when z = 72 and y = 4.
c. Find y when z = 80 and x = 4.