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This document discusses key concepts in statistics including: 1. Descriptive and inferential statistics, where descriptive statistics summarize data and inferential statistics make conclusions about populations based on samples. 2. The four essential processes of statistics: collecting data, organizing and presenting data, analyzing data, and interpreting data. 3. Key terms including data, variables, probability, discrete and continuous distributions, and population parameters like mean and variance.

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Jhon Keneth Namias
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41 views

Sap

This document discusses key concepts in statistics including: 1. Descriptive and inferential statistics, where descriptive statistics summarize data and inferential statistics make conclusions about populations based on samples. 2. The four essential processes of statistics: collecting data, organizing and presenting data, analyzing data, and interpreting data. 3. Key terms including data, variables, probability, discrete and continuous distributions, and population parameters like mean and variance.

Uploaded by

Jhon Keneth Namias
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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• Statistics - science that deals with the collection organization and presentation

1. Descriptive - group of statistical going to describe the data quantitative measurement frequency
distribution / small data set

2. Inferential - interpretations by making a concluding statement big example , margin of error , ttest,
hypothesis testing / Large data set

∆ 4 essential process

1. Collecting the data - gathering info

2. Organization and presentation of data - refers to systematic way of organizing data it involves
collecting

3. Analysis of data - extracting relevant information from the data at hand

4. Interpretation of data - refers to the drawing of logical statments from the analyzed information

• Data - body of information , data is processed

- according to nature / numerical quantitative

- according to source / primar and secondary data

- according to arrangement / ungrouped data

• Data management

- interview

- questionnaire

- document

- observation

- experiment

• Probability - likeliness that an event will occur / 0 and 1


• variable - property of the element

• R variable - produce numerical observation

• elements - source of information

• observation - measuring the variable

∆ Discrete - outcome is whole number / data is counted

∆ Continuse - decimal / data is measured

∆ Discrete probability distribution - the probability of a discrete random variable x is a list of each
possible value of x together with the probability that x takes that value in one trial of the experiment

- the probabilities in the probability distribution of a random variable must statisfy the following two
conditions

- each probability p (x) 0 and 1 0≤p(x)≤1

• Probability distribution - organized tabulation of assigned probabilities associated with the outcomes
of a random variable

• probability mass function - equation that defines relationship between an outcome and its associated
probability p(x) = p(x=k)

• probability value - the ratio of frequency of occurencies relative to the total number of occurancies

• random variable - function that assigns a numerical value to each outcome of an experiment

• sample space - collection of set possible outcomes of a random experiment "s"

• Coefficient of variation - the percentage variability of the moon

• population mean or expected value - parameter or a population characteristics that describes the
center or common data in the distribution

• population variance - parameter that measures the average squared distance or deviation or each
term in the date from the mean

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