Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.

User Guide

Installing and Using Red Hat Developer Toolset

Last Updated: 2017-10-11

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 User Guide

Installing and Using Red Hat Developer Toolset

Jaromír Hradílek
Red Hat Customer Content Services

Matt Newsome
Red Hat Software Engineering

Robert Krátký
Red Hat Customer Content Services
[email protected]
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Abstract

Red Hat Developer Toolset is a Red Hat offering for developers on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux
platform. The Red Hat Developer Toolset User Guide provides an overview of this product, explains
how to invoke and use the Red Hat Developer Toolset versions of the tools, and links to resources
with more in-depth information.
 Table of Contents

Table of Contents
. . . . . . .I.. .INTRODUCTION
PART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . .

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 1.
. .RED
. . . . .HAT
. . . . .DEVELOPER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . TOOLSET
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1. ABOUT RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 6
1.2. MAIN FEATURES 8
1.3. COMPATIBILITY 8
1.4. GETTING ACCESS TO RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 9
1.5. INSTALLING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 11
1.6. UPDATING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 13
1.7. UNINSTALLING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 14
1.8. USING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET CONTAINER IMAGES 14
1.9. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 20

. . . . . . .II.
PART . . INTEGRATED
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEVELOPMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ENVIRONMENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
..............

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 2.
. . ECLIPSE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
..............
2.1. INSTALLING ECLIPSE 25
2.2. USING ECLIPSE 25
2.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 27

. . . . . . .III.
PART . . .DEVELOPMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOOLS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
..............

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 3.
. . GNU
. . . . . .COMPILER
. . . . . . . . . . .COLLECTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .(GCC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
..............
3.1. GNU C COMPILER 29
3.2. GNU C++ COMPILER 31
3.3. GNU FORTRAN COMPILER 34
3.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 36

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 4.
. . .BINUTILS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
..............
4.1. INSTALLING BINUTILS 39
4.2. USING THE GNU ASSEMBLER 39
4.3. USING THE GNU LINKER 39
4.4. USING OTHER BINARY TOOLS 40
4.5. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 40

. . . . . . . . . . . 5.
CHAPTER . . ELFUTILS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
..............
5.1. INSTALLING ELFUTILS 42
5.2. USING ELFUTILS 43
5.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 43

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 6.
. . DWZ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
..............
6.1. INSTALLING DWZ 45
6.2. USING DWZ 45
6.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 45

. . . . . . .IV.
PART . . .DEBUGGING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . TOOLS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
..............

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 7.
. . GNU
. . . . . DEBUGGER
. . . . . . . . . . . . .(GDB)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
..............
7.1. INSTALLING THE GNU DEBUGGER 48
7.2. PREPARING A PROGRAM FOR DEBUGGING 48
7.3. RUNNING THE GNU DEBUGGER 49
7.4. LISTING SOURCE CODE 50
7.5. SETTING BREAKPOINTS 51
7.6. STARTING EXECUTION 53

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7.7. DISPLAYING CURRENT VALUES 53

7.8. CONTINUING EXECUTION 53
7.9. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 54

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 8.
. . .STRACE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
..............
8.1. INSTALLING STRACE 56
8.2. USING STRACE 56
8.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 59

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 9.
. . LTRACE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
.............
9.1. INSTALLING LTRACE 61
9.2. USING LTRACE 61
9.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 64

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 10.
. . . MEMSTOMP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
..............
10.1. INSTALLING MEMSTOMP 66
10.2. USING MEMSTOMP 66
10.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 68

. . . . . . .V.
PART . . PERFORMANCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MONITORING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOOLS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
..............

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 11.
. . .SYSTEMTAP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
..............
11.1. INSTALLING SYSTEMTAP 70
11.2. USING SYSTEMTAP 71
11.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 71

.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . . . 12.
. . . VALGRIND
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
..............
12.1. INSTALLING VALGRIND 73
12.2. USING VALGRIND 74
12.3. REBUILDING VALGRIND 74
12.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 75

. . . . . . . . . . . 13.
CHAPTER . . . OPROFILE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
..............
13.1. INSTALLING OPROFILE 76
13.2. USING OPROFILE 77
13.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 77

. . . . . . . . . . . 14.
CHAPTER . . . DYNINST
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
..............
14.1. INSTALLING DYNINST 79
14.2. USING DYNINST 79
14.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 84

. . . . . . .VI.
PART . . .GETTING
. . . . . . . . . .HELP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
..............

. . . . . . . . . . . 15.
CHAPTER . . . ACCESSING
. . . . . . . . . . . . .RED
. . . . .HAT
. . . . .PRODUCT
. . . . . . . . . . .DOCUMENTATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
..............
RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET 87
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 87

. . . . . . . . . . . 16.
CHAPTER . . . CONTACTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GLOBAL
. . . . . . . . .SUPPORT
. . . . . . . . . . .SERVICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
..............
16.1. GATHERING REQUIRED INFORMATION 88
16.2. ESCALATING AN ISSUE 89
16.3. RE-OPENING A SERVICE REQUEST 90
16.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 90

.APPENDIX
. . . . . . . . . . . A.
. . .CHANGES
. . . . . . . . . . IN
. . . VERSION
. . . . . . . . . . 4.0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
.............
A.1. CHANGES IN ECLIPSE 91
A.2. CHANGES IN GCC 93

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A.3. CHANGES IN BINUTILS 94

A.4. CHANGES IN ELFUTILS 98
A.5. CHANGES IN DWZ 98
A.6. CHANGES IN GDB 99
A.7. CHANGES IN STRACE 105
A.8. CHANGES IN LTRACE 106
A.9. CHANGES IN SYSTEMTAP 107
A.10. CHANGES IN OPROFILE 107

. . . . . . . . . . . . B.
APPENDIX . . .CHANGES
. . . . . . . . . . IN
. . . VERSION
. . . . . . . . . . 4.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
...............
B.1. CHANGES IN ECLIPSE 109
B.2. CHANGES IN BINUTILS 110
B.3. CHANGES IN ELFUTILS 112
B.4. CHANGES IN GDB 113
B.5. CHANGES IN SYSTEMTAP 117
B.6. CHANGES IN DYNINST 117
B.7. CHANGES IN VALGRIND 118

. . . . . . . . . . . . C.
APPENDIX . . .REVISION
. . . . . . . . . . HISTORY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
...............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
INDEX ..............

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 PART I. INTRODUCTION

PART I. INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

1.1. ABOUT RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Red Hat Developer Toolset is a Red Hat offering for developers on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux
platform. It provides a complete set of development and performance analysis tools that can be
installed and used on multiple versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Executables built with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset toolchain can then also be deployed and run on multiple versions of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. For detailed compatibility information, see Section 1.3, “Compatibility”.

Red Hat Developer Toolset does not replace the default system tools provided with Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 or 7 when installed on those platforms. Instead, a parallel set of developer tools
provides an alternative, newer version of those tools for optional use by developers. The default
compiler and debugger, for example, remain those provided by the base Red Hat Enterprise Linux
system.

What Is New in Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 provides a new docker-formatted container image: rhscl/devtoolset-4-
perftools-rhel7, which includes components for monitoring system performance and optimizing code.
See Section 1.8, “Using Red Hat Developer Toolset Container Images” for more detailed information
about Red Hat Developer Toolset container images and instructions on how to use them. See Table 1.1,
“Red Hat Developer Toolset Components” for a complete list of components included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1.

Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1, the Red Hat Developer Toolset content is also available in the ISO
format at https://access.redhat.com/downloads, specifically for Server and Workstation. Note that
packages that require the Optional channel, which are discussed in Section 1.5.3, “Installing Optional
Packages”, cannot be installed from the ISO image.

Table 1.1. Red Hat Developer Toolset Components

Name Version Description

Eclipse 4.5.2 An integrated development environment with a graphical user interface.[a]

GCC 5.3.1 A portable compiler suite with support for C, C++, and Fortran.

binutils 2.25.1 A collection of binary tools and other utilities to inspect and manipulate
object files and binaries.

elfutils 0.166 A collection of binary tools and other utilities to inspect and manipulate
ELF files.

dwz 0.12 A tool to optimize DWARF debugging information contained in ELF shared
libraries and ELF executables for size.

GDB 7.11 A command line debugger for programs written in C, C++, and Fortran.

ltrace 0.7.91 A debugging tool to display calls to dynamic libraries that a program
makes. It can also monitor system calls executed by programs.

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Name Version Description

strace 4.10 A debugging tool to monitor system calls that a program uses and signals
it receives.

memstomp 0.1.5 A debugging tool to identify calls to library functions with overlapping
memory regions that are not allowed by various standards.

SystemTap 2.9 A tracing and probing tool to monitor the activities of the entire system
without the need to instrument, recompile, install, and reboot.

Valgrind 3.11.0 An instrumentation framework and a number of tools to profile

applications in order to detect memory errors, identify memory
management problems, and report any use of improper arguments in
system calls.

OProfile 1.1.0 A system-wide profiler that uses the performance monitoring hardware on
the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on
the system.

Dyninst 9.1.0 A library for instrumenting and working with user-space executables
during their execution.

[a] If you intend to develop applications for Red Hat JBoss Middleware or require support for OpenShift Tools, it is
recommended that you use Red Hat JBoss Developer Studio.

Red Hat Developer Toolset differs from “Technology Preview” compiler releases previously supplied in
Red Hat Enterprise Linux in two important respects:

1. Red Hat Developer Toolset can be used on multiple major and minor releases of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux, as detailed in Section 1.3, “Compatibility”.

2. Unlike Technology Preview compilers and other tools shipped in earlier Red Hat
Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Developer Toolset is fully supported under Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Subscription Level Agreements, is functionally complete, and is intended for production use.

Important bug fixes and security errata are issued to Red Hat Developer Toolset subscribers in a
similar manner to Red Hat Enterprise Linux for two years from the release of each major version
release. A new major version of Red Hat Developer Toolset is released annually, providing significant
updates for existing components and adding major new components. A single minor release, issued six
months after each new major version release, provides a smaller update of bug fixes, security errata,
and new minor components.

Additionally, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Application Compatibility Specification also applies to
Red Hat Developer Toolset (subject to some constraints on the use of newer C++11 language features,
detailed in Section 3.2.4, “C++ Compatibility”).

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IMPORTANT

Applications and libraries provided by Red Hat Developer Toolset do not replace the
Red Hat Enterprise Linux system versions, nor are they used in preference to the
system versions. Using a framework called Software Collections , an additional set of
developer tools is installed into the /opt/ directory and is explicitly enabled by the
user on demand using the scl utility.

1.2. MAIN FEATURES

The Red Hat Developer Toolset version of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) has been upgraded to
version 5.3.1 with many bug fixes.

The version of the GNU Debugger (GDB) included in Red Hat Developer Toolset provides the new
features, including the following:

Support for per-inferior thread numbers has been added.

GDB now allows users to specify explicit locations, bypassing the linespec parser. This feature
is also available to GDB/MI clients.

GDB now has support for fork and exec events on remote-mode Linux targets. This enables
follow-fork-mode, detach-on-fork, and follow-exec-mode modes and fork and exec
catchpoints.

Additionally, the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of binutils provides these features:

Improved security achieved through more intensive checking of the integrity of the binary files
examined by the binutils tools. Therefore, it is much harder to make these tools crash or to
attempt to read memory that does not belong to them.

For a full list of changes and features introduced in this release, see Appendix B, Changes in Version 4.1.

1.3. COMPATIBILITY
Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 for 64-bit Intel and
AMD architectures. Figure 1.1, “Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 Compatibility Matrix” illustrates the
support for binaries built with Red Hat Developer Toolset on a certain version of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux when those binaries are run on various other versions of this system.

For ABI compatibility information, see Section 3.2.4, “C++ Compatibility”.

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Figure 1.1. Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 Compatibility Matrix

1.4. GETTING ACCESS TO RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Red Hat Developer Toolset is an offering that is distributed as a part of the Red Hat
Software Collections content set, which is available to customers with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and
7 subscriptions listed at https://access.redhat.com/solutions/472793. Depending on the subscription
management service with which you registered your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system, you can either
enable Red Hat Developer Toolset by using the Red Hat Subscription Management, or by using
RHN Classic.

For detailed instructions on how to enable Red Hat Software Collections (and thus gain access to
Red Hat Developer Toolset) using RHN Classic or Red Hat Subscription Management, see the
respective section below. For information on how to register your system with one of these
subscription management services, see the Red Hat Subscription Management collection of guides.

1.4.1. Using Red Hat Subscription Management

If your system is registered with Red Hat Subscription Management, complete the following steps to
attach a subscription that provides access to the repository for Red Hat Software Collections (which
includes Red Hat Developer Toolset), and then enable that repository:

1. Determine the pool ID of a subscription that provides Red Hat Software Collections (and thus
also Red Hat Developer Toolset). To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as root to
display a list of all subscriptions that are available for your system:

subscription-manager list --available

For each available subscription, this command displays its name, unique identifier, expiration
date, and other details related to your subscription. The pool ID is listed on a line beginning
with Pool ID.

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For a complete list of subscriptions that provide access to Red Hat Developer Toolset, see
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/472793.

2. Attach the appropriate subscription to your system by running the following command as
root:

subscription-manager attach --pool=pool_id

Replace pool_id with the pool ID you determined in the previous step. To verify the list of
subscriptions your system has currently attached, at any time, run as root:

subscription-manager list --consumed

3. Determine the exact name of the Red Hat Software Collections repository. To do so, type the
following at a shell prompt as root to retrieve repository metadata and to display a list of
available Yum repositories:

subscription-manager repos --list

The repository names depend on the specific version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux you are using
and are in the following format:

rhel-variant-rhscl-version-rpms
rhel-variant-rhscl-version-debug-rpms
rhel-variant-rhscl-version-source-rpms

In addition, certain packages, such as devtoolset-4-gcc-plugin-devel, depend on packages that

are only available in the Optional channel. The repository names with these packages use the
following format:

rhel-version-variant-optional-rpms
rhel-version-variant-optional-debug-rpms
rhel-version-variant-optional-source-rpms

For both the regular repositories and optional repositories, replace variant with the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux system variant (server or workstation), and version with the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux system version (6-eus, 6, or 7).

4. Enable the repositories from step no. 3 by running the following command as root:

subscription-manager repos --enable repository

Replace repository with the name of the repository to enable.

Once the subscription is attached to the system, you can install Red Hat Developer Toolset as
described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” . For more information on how to
register your system using Red Hat Subscription Management and associate it with subscriptions, see
the Red Hat Subscription Management collection of guides.

1.4.2. Using RHN Classic

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

If you are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and your system is registered with RHN Classic,
complete the following steps to subscribe to Red Hat Software Collections (which includes Red Hat
Developer Toolset):

1. Determine the exact name of the Red Hat Software Collections channel. To do so, type the
following at a shell prompt as root to display a list of all channels that are available to you:

rhn-channel --available-channels

The name of the channel depends on the specific version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux you are
using and is in the following format:

rhel-x86_64-variant-version-rhscl-1

In addition, certain packages, such as devtoolset-4-gcc-plugin-devel, depend on packages that

are only available in the Optional channel. The name of this channel uses the following format:

rhel-x86_64-variant-optional-6

Replace variant with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system variant ( server or workstation).

2. Subscribe the system to the channels from step no. 1 by running the following command as
root:

rhn-channel --add --channel=channel_name

Replace channel_name with the name of the channel to enable.

3. To verify the list of channels you are subscribed to, at any time, run as root:

rhn-channel --list

Once the system is subscribed, you can install Red Hat Developer Toolset as described in Section 1.5,
“Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset”. For more information on how to register your system with
RHN Classic, see the Red Hat Subscription Management collection of guides.

1.5. INSTALLING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed as a collection of RPM packages that can be installed,
updated, uninstalled, and inspected by using the standard package management tools that are
included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Note that a valid subscription that provides access to the Red Hat
Software Collections content set is required in order to install Red Hat Developer Toolset on your
system. For detailed instructions on how to associate your system with an appropriate subscription
and get access to Red Hat Developer Toolset, see Section 1.4, “Getting Access to Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

IMPORTANT

Before installing Red Hat Developer Toolset, install all available Red Hat
Enterprise Linux updates.

1.5.1. Installing All Available Components

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To install all components that are included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, install the devtoolset-4
package by typing the following at a shell prompt as root:

yum install devtoolset-4

This installs the Eclipse development environment, all development, debugging, and performance
monitoring tools, and other dependent packages to the system. Alternatively, you can choose to
install only a selected package group as described in Section 1.5.2, “Installing Individual Package
Groups”.

NOTE

Note that since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.0, the scl-utils package is not a part of
Red Hat Developer Toolset, which is a change from preceding versions where the scl
utility was installed along with the Red Hat Developer Toolset software collection.

1.5.2. Installing Individual Package Groups

To make it easier to install only certain components, such as the integrated development environment
or the software development toolchain, Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with a number of
meta packages that allow you to install selected package groups as described in Table 1.2, “Red Hat
Developer Toolset Meta Packages”.

Table 1.2. Red Hat Developer Toolset Meta Packages

Package Name Description Installed Components

devtoolset-4-ide Integrated Development Eclipse

Environment

devtoolset-4-perftools Performance monitoring tools SystemTap, Valgrind, OProfile,

Dyninst

devtoolset-4-toolchain Development and debugging tools GCC, GDB, binutils, elfutils, dwz,
memstomp, strace, ltrace

To install any of these meta packages, type the following at a shell prompt as root:

yum install package_name

Replace package_name with a space-separated list of meta packages you want to install. For example,
to install only the Eclipse development environment and packages that depend on it, type as root:

~]# yum install devtoolset-4-ide

Alternatively, you can choose to install all available components as described in Section 1.5.1,
“Installing All Available Components”.

1.5.3. Installing Optional Packages

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with a number of optional packages that are not installed by
default. To list all Red Hat Developer Toolset packages that are available to you but not installed on
your system, type the following command at a shell prompt:

yum list available devtoolset-4-\*

To install any of these optional packages, run as root:

yum install package_name

Replace package_name with a space-separated list of packages that you want to install. For example,
to install the devtoolset-4-gdb-gdbserver and devtoolset-4-gdb-doc packages, type:

~]# yum install devtoolset-4-gdb-gdbserver devtoolset-4-gdb-doc

1.5.4. Installing Debugging Information

To install debugging information for any of the Red Hat Developer Toolset packages, make sure that
the yum-utils package is installed and run the following command as root:

debuginfo-install package_name

For example, to install debugging information for the devtoolset-4-dwz package, type:

~]# debuginfo-install devtoolset-4-dwz

Note that in order to use this command, you need to have access to the repository with these
packages. If your system is registered with Red Hat Subscription Management, enable the
rhel-variant-rhscl-version-debug-rpms repository as described in Section 1.4.1, “Using
Red Hat Subscription Management”. If your system is registered with RHN Classic, subscribe the
system to the rhel-x86_64-variant-version-debuginfo channel as described in Section 1.4.2,
“Using RHN Classic”. For more information on how to get access to debuginfo packages, see
https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/9907.

NOTE

The devtoolset-4-package_name-debuginfo packages can conflict with the

corresponding packages from the base Red Hat Enterprise Linux system or from other
versions of Red Hat Developer Toolset. This conflict also occurs in a multilib
environment, where 64-bit debuginfo packages conflict with 32-bit debuginfo packages.
Manually uninstall the conflicting debuginfo packages prior to installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1 and install only relevant debuginfo packages when necessary.

1.6. UPDATING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

1.6.1. Updating to a Minor Version

When a new minor version of Red Hat Developer Toolset is available, run the following command as
root to update your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation:

yum update

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This updates all packages on your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system, including the Red Hat
Developer Toolset versions of the Eclipse development environment, development, debugging, and
performance monitoring tools, and other dependent packages.

IMPORTANT

Use of Red Hat Developer Toolset requires the removal of any earlier pre-release
versions of it. Additionally, it is not possible to update to Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1
from a pre-release version of Red Hat Developer Toolset, including beta releases. If you
have previously installed any pre-release version of Red Hat Developer Toolset, uninstall
it from your system as described in Section 1.7, “Uninstalling Red Hat
Developer Toolset” and install the new version as documented in Section 1.5, “Installing
Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

1.6.2. Updating to a Major Version

When a new major version of Red Hat Developer Toolset is available, you can install it in parallel with
the previous version. For detailed instructions on how to install Red Hat Developer Toolset on your
system, see Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

1.7. UNINSTALLING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

To uninstall Red Hat Developer Toolset packages from your system, type the following at a shell
prompt as root:

yum remove devtoolset-4\* libasan libatomic libcilkrts libitm liblsan

libtsan libubsan

This removes the GNU Compiler Collection , GNU Debugger , binutils, and other packages that are a
part of Red Hat Developer Toolset from the system.

NOTE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 no longer includes the
libatomic and libitm libraries, which the above command attempts to remove,
because they are not required for a proper function of Red Hat Developer Toolset
components on that system. Nevertheless, the above command works as expected even
on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Note that the uninstallation of the tools provided by Red Hat Developer Toolset does not affect the
Red Hat Enterprise Linux system versions of these tools.

1.8. USING RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET CONTAINER IMAGES

Docker-formatted container images can be used to run Red Hat Developer Toolset components inside
virtual software containers, thus isolating them from the host system and allowing for their rapid
deployment. This section describes how to install and use pre-built container images with Red Hat
Developer Toolset components, as well as how to obtain Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles for
building custom container images and how to use the resulting images.

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

NOTE

The docker package, which contains the Docker daemon, command line tool, and other
necessary components for building and using docker-formatted container images, is
currently only available for the Server variant of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 product.
Docker-formatted container images cannot be run on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and
Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles are not distributed for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.

Follow the instructions outlined at Getting Docker in RHEL 7 to set up an environment

for building and using docker-formatted container images.

1.8.1. Using Pre-Built Container Images

Pre-built docker-formatted container images are available that contain selected toolchain and
perftools components of Red Hat Developer Toolset. This section describes how to obtain the pre-built
Red Hat Developer Toolset docker-formatted container images and how to run Red Hat
Developer Toolset components using these images.

The following images are available from the Red Hat Container Registry at
registry.access.redhat.com:

rhscl/devtoolset-4-toolchain-rhel7

The image contains the following Red Hat Developer Toolset components:

devtoolset-4-gcc

devtoolset-4-gcc-c++

devtoolset-4-gcc-fortran

devtoolset-4-gdb

rhscl/devtoolset-4-perftools-rhel7

The image contains all Red Hat Developer Toolset components included in the devtoolset-4-
perftools metapackage:

devtoolset-4-oprofile

devtoolset-4-systemtap

devtoolset-4-valgrind

devtoolset-4-dyninst

1.8.1.1. Pulling Pre-Built Container Images from the Registry

To pull a pre-built Red Hat Developer Toolset docker-formatted container image from the registry to
your local machine, run the following command as root:

docker pull image_name

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Substitute the image_name parameter with the name of the container image. For example, to pull the
image containing selected Red Hat Developer Toolset toolchain components (rhscl/devtoolset-4-
toolchain-rhel7), run the following command as root:

~]# docker pull rhscl/devtoolset-4-toolchain-rhel7

1.8.1.2. Running Red Hat Developer Toolset Tools from Pre-Built Container Images

To display general usage information for pre-built Red Hat Developer Toolset docker-formatted
container images that you have already pulled to your local machine (see Section 1.8.1.1, “Pulling Pre-
Built Container Images from the Registry”), run the following command as root:

docker run image_name usage

To launch an interactive shell within a pre-built docker-formatted container image, run the following
command as root:

docker run -ti image_name /bin/bash -l

In both of the above commands, substitute the image_name parameter with the name of the container
image you pulled to your local system and now want to use.

For example, to launch an interactive shell within the container image with selected toolchain
components, run the following command as root:

~]# docker run -ti rhscl/devtoolset-4-toolchain-rhel7 /bin/bash -l

Example 1.1. Using GCC in the Pre-Built Red Hat Developer Toolset Toolchain Image

This example illustrates how to obtain and launch the pre-built docker-formatted container image
with selected toolchain components of the Red Hat Developer Toolset and how to run the gcc
compiler within that image.

1. Make sure you have a Docker environment set up properly on your system by following
instructions at Getting Docker in RHEL 7 .

2. Pull the pre-built toolchain Red Hat Developer Toolset container image from the official Red
Hat Container Registry:

~]# docker pull rhscl/devtoolset-4-toolchain-rhel7

3. To launch the container image with an interactive shell, issue the following command:

~]# docker run -ti rhscl/devtoolset-4-toolchain-rhel7 /bin/bash -l

4. To launch the container as a regular (non-root) user, use the sudo command. To map a
directory from the host system to the container file system, include the -v (or --volume)
option in the docker command:

~]$ sudo docker run -v ~/Source:/src -ti rhscl/devtoolset-4-

toolchain-rhel7 /bin/bash -l

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In the above command, the host's ~/Source/ directory is mounted as the /src/ directory
within the container.

5. Once you are in the container's interactive shell, you can run Red Hat Developer Toolset
tools as expected. For example, to verify the version of the gcc compiler, run:

bash-4.2$ gcc -v
[...]
gcc version 5.2.1 20150716 (Red Hat 5.2.1-1) (GCC)

1.8.2. Using Container Images Built from Dockerfiles

Dockerfiles are available for selected Red Hat Developer Toolset components. Dockerfiles are text files
that contain instructions for automated building of docker-formatted container images. This section
describes how to obtain Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles, how to use them to build docker-
formatted container images, and how to run Red Hat Developer Toolset components using the
resulting container images.

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is shipped with the following Dockerfiles:

devtoolset-4-dyninst

devtoolset-4-elfutils

devtoolset-4-oprofile

devtoolset-4-systemtap

devtoolset-4-toolchain

devtoolset-4-valgrind

devtoolset-4

1.8.2.1. Obtaining Dockerfiles

The Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles are provided by the devtoolset-4-dockerfiles package. The
package contains individual Dockerfiles for building docker-formatted container images with individual
components and a meta-Dockerfile for building a docker-formatted container image with all the
components offered. To be able to use the Dockerfiles, install this package by executing:

~]# yum install devtoolset-4-dockerfiles

1.8.2.2. Building Container Images

Change to the directory where the Dockerfile is installed and run the following command as root:

docker build -t image_name

Replace image_name with the desired name for the new image.

Example 1.2. Building a Container Image with a Red Hat Developer Toolset Component

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To build a docker-formatted container image for deploying the elfutils tools in a container, follow
the instructions below:

1. Make sure you have a Docker environment set up properly on your system by following
instructions at Getting Docker in RHEL 7 .

2. Install the package containing the Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles:

~]# yum install devtoolset-4-dockerfiles

3. Determine where the Dockerfile for the required component is located:

~]# rpm -ql devtoolset-4-dockerfiles | grep "elfutils/Dockerfile"

/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/devtoolset-4-
dockerfiles/rhel7/devtoolset-4-elfutils/Dockerfile

4. Change to the directory where the required Dockerfile is installed:

~]# cd /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/devtoolset-4-
dockerfiles/rhel7/devtoolset-4-elfutils/

5. Build the container image:

~]# docker build -t devtoolset-4-elfutils-7 .

Replace devtoolset-4-elfutils-7 with the name you wish to assign to your resulting container
image.

1.8.2.3. Running Red Hat Developer Toolset Tools from Custom-Built Container Images

To display general usage information for images built from Red Hat Developer Toolset Dockerfiles (see
Section 1.8.2.2, “Building Container Images” ), run the following command as root:

docker run image_name container-usage

To launch an interactive shell within a docker-formatted container image you built, run the following
command as root:

docker run -ti image_name /bin/bash -l

In both of the above commands, substitute the image_name parameter with the name of the container
image you chose when building it.

Example 1.3. Using elfutils in a Custom-Built Red Hat Developer Toolset Image

This example illustrates how to launch a custom-built docker-formatted container image (built in
Example 1.2, “Building a Container Image with a Red Hat Developer Toolset Component” ) with the
elfutils component and how to run the eu-size tool within that image.

1. To launch the container image with an interactive shell, issue the following command:

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 CHAPTER 1. RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

~]# docker run -ti devtoolset-4-elfutils-7 /bin/bash -l

2. To launch the container as a regular (non-root) user, use the sudo command. To map a
directory from the host system to the container file system, include the -v (or --volume)
option in the docker command:

~]$ sudo docker run -v ~/Source:/src -ti devtoolset-4-elfutils-7

/bin/bash -l

In the above command, the host's ~/Source/ directory is mounted as the /src/ directory
within the container.

3. Once you are in the container's interactive shell, you can run Red Hat Developer Toolset
tools as expected. For example, to verify the version of the eu-size tool, run:

bash-4.2$ eu-size -V
size (elfutils) 0.163
[...]

Using the SystemTap Tool from Container Images

When using the SystemTap tool from a container image (built using the Dockerfile supplied by the
devtoolset-4-dockerfiles package or from the pre-built perftools image), additional configuration is
required, and the container needs to be run with special command-line options.

The following three conditions need to be met:

1. The image needs to be run with super-user privileges. To do this, run the image using the
following command:

~]$ docker run --ti --privileged --ipc=host --net=host --pid=host

devtoolset-4-systemtap /bin/bash -l

The above command assumes that you named the image devtoolset-4-systemtap when you
built it from the Dockerfile (/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/devtoolset-4-
dockerfiles/rhel7/devtoolset-4-systemtap/Dockerfile).

To use the perftools image, substitute the image name for devtoolset-4-perftools-rhel7 in the
above command.

2. The following kernel packages need to be installed in the container:

kernel

kernel-devel

kernel-debuginfo

The version and release numbers of the above packages must match the version and release
numbers of the kernel running on the host system. Run the following command to determine
the version and release numbers of the hosts system's kernel:

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~]$ uname -r
3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64

Note that the kernel-debuginfo package is only available from the Debug channel. Enable the
rhel-7-server-debug-rpms repository as described in Section 1.4.1, “Using Red Hat
Subscription Management”. For more information on how to get access to debuginfo packages,
see https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/9907.

To install the required packages with the correct version, use the yum package manager and
the output of the uname command. For example, to install the correct version of the kernel
package, run the following command as root:

~]# yum install -y kernel-$(uname -r)

3. Save the container to a reusable image by executing the docker commit command. For
example, to save the custom-built SystemTap container:

~]$ docker commit devtoolset-4-systemtap-$(uname -r)

1.9. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

For more information about Red Hat Developer Toolset and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, see the
resources listed below.

Online Documentation
Red Hat Subscription Management collection of guides — The Red Hat Subscription
Management collection of guides provides detailed information on how to manage
subscriptions on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 Release Notes — The Release Notes for Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1 contain more information.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide more information on the
Eclipse IDE, libraries and runtime support, compiling and building, debugging, and profiling on
these systems.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Installation Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation Guide
— The Installation Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 an 7 explain how to obtain, install, and
update the system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Deployment Guide — The Deployment Guide for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration,
and administration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide — The System Administrator's Guide
for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 documents relevant information regarding the deployment,
configuration, and administration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Get Started with Docker Formatted Container Images on Red Hat Systems — The guide
contains a comprehensive overview of information about building and using docker-formatted
container images on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic.

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See Also
Appendix B, Changes in Version 4.1 provides a list of changes and improvements over the
version of the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Debugger in the previous version of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

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PART II. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTS

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 CHAPTER 2. ECLIPSE

CHAPTER 2. ECLIPSE
Eclipse is a powerful development environment that provides tools for each phase of the development
process. It integrates a variety of disparate tools into a unified environment to create a rich
development experience, provides a fully configurable user interface, and features a pluggable
architecture that allows for an extension in a variety of ways. For instance, the Valgrind plug-in allows
programmers to perform memory profiling, otherwise performed on the command line, through the
Eclipse user interface.

Figure 2.1. Sample Eclipse Session

Eclipse provides a graphical development environment alternative to traditional interaction with

command line tools and as such, it is a welcome alternative to developers who do not want to use the
command line interface. The traditional, mostly command line-based Linux tools suite (such as gcc or
gdb) and Eclipse offer two distinct approaches to programming.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with Eclipse 4.5.2, which is based on the Eclipse Foundation's
Mars release train. Note that if you intend to develop applications for Red Hat JBoss Middleware or
require support for OpenShift Tools, it is recommended that you use Red Hat JBoss Developer Studio .

Table 2.1. Eclipse Components Included in Red Hat Developer Toolset

Package Description

devtoolset-4-eclipse-cdt The C/C++ Development Tooling (CDT), which provides features and
plug-ins for development in C and C++.

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Package Description

devtoolset-4-eclipse-emf The Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), which allows you to build
applications based on a structured data model.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-gef The Graphical Editing Framework (GEF), which allows you to create a
rich graphical editor from an existing application model.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-rse The Remote System Explorer (RSE) framework, which allows you to
work with remote systems from Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-jgit JGit, a Java implementation of the Git revision control system.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-egit EGit, a team provider for Eclipse that provides features and plug-ins
for interaction with Git repositories.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-mylyn Mylyn, a task management system for Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-pydev A full featured Python IDE for Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-ptp A subset of the PTP project providing support for synchronized

projects.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-pde The Plugin Development Environment for developing Eclipse plugins.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-tests Eclipse tests.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-linuxtools A meta package for Linux-specific Eclipse plug-ins.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-remote The Remote Services plug-in, which provides an extensible remote-

services framework.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-changelog [a] The ChangeLog plug-in, which allows you to create and maintain
changelog files.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-gcov [a] The GCov plug-in, which integrates the GCov test coverage program
with Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-gprof[a] The Gprof plug-in, which integrates the Gprof performance analysis
utility with Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-manpage[a] The Man Page plug-in, which allows you to view manual pages in
Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-oprofile[a] The OProfile plug-in, which integrates OProfile with Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-perf[a] The Perf plug-in, which integrates the perf tool with Eclipse.

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 CHAPTER 2. ECLIPSE

Package Description

devtoolset-4-eclipse-rpm-editor[a] The Eclipse Spec File Editor, which allows you to maintain RPM spec
files.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-systemtap[a] The SystemTap plug-in, which integrates SystemTap with Eclipse.

devtoolset-4-eclipse-valgrind [a] The Valgrind plug-in, which integrates Valgrind with Eclipse.

[a] This package is installed as a dependency of devtoolset-4-eclipse-linuxtools.

2.1. INSTALLING ECLIPSE

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the Eclipse development environment is provided as a collection of RPM
packages and is automatically installed with the devtoolset-4-ide package as described in Section 1.5,
“Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset”. For a list of available components, see Table 2.1, “Eclipse
Components Included in Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

NOTE

The Red Hat Developer Toolset version of Eclipse fully supports C, C++, and Java
development, but does not provide support for the Fortran programming language.

2.2. USING ECLIPSE

To start the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of Eclipse, either select Applications → Programming
→ DTS Eclipse from the panel, or type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'eclipse'

During its startup, Eclipse prompts you to select a workspace, that is, a directory in which you want to
store your projects. You can either use ~/workspace/, which is the default option, or click the
Browse button to browse your file system and select a custom directory. Additionally, you can select
the Use this as the default and do not ask again check box to prevent Eclipse from
displaying this dialog box the next time you run this development environment. When you are done,
click the OK button to confirm the selection and proceed with the startup.

2.2.1. Using the Red Hat Developer Toolset Toolchain

To use the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of Eclipse with support for the GNU Compiler
Collection and binutils from Red Hat Developer Toolset, make sure that the devtoolset-4-toolchain
package is installed and run the application as described in Section 2.2, “Using Eclipse”. Red Hat
Developer Toolset Eclipse uses the Red Hat Developer Toolset toolchain by default.

For detailed instructions on how to install the devtoolset-4-toolchain package in your system, see
Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

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User Guide

IMPORTANT

If you are working on a project that you previously built with the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux version of the GNU Compiler Collection , make sure that you discard all
previous build results. To do so, open the project in Eclipse and select Project → Clean
from the menu.

2.2.2. Using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Toolchain

To use the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of Eclipse with support for the toolchain distributed with
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, change the configuration of the project to use absolute paths to the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux system versions of gcc, g++, and as.

To configure Eclipse to explicitly use the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system versions of the tools for the
current project, complete the following steps:

1. In the C/C++ perspective, choose Project → Properties from the main menu bar to open the
project properties.

2. In the menu on the left-hand side of the dialog box, click C/C++ Build → Settings.

3. Select the Tool Settings tab.

4. If you are working on a C project:

1. select GCC C Compiler or Cross GCC Compiler and change the value of the Command field
to:

/usr/bin/gcc

2. select GCC C Linker or Cross GCC Linker and change the value of the Command field to:

/usr/bin/gcc

3. select GCC Assembler or Cross GCC Assembler and change the value of the Command
field to:

/usr/bin/as

If you are working on a C++ project:

1. select GCC C++ Compiler or Cross G++ Compiler and change the value of the Command
field to:

/usr/bin/g++

2. select GCC C Compiler or Cross GCC Compiler and change the value of the Command field
to:

/usr/bin/gcc

3. select GCC C++ Linker or Cross G++ Linker and change the value of the Command field to:

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 CHAPTER 2. ECLIPSE

/usr/bin/g++

4. select GCC Assembler or Cross GCC Assembler and change the value of the Command
field to:

/usr/bin/as

5. Click the OK button to save the configuration changes.

2.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of Eclipse and all its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
Eclipse includes a built-in Help system, which provides extensive documentation for each
integrated feature and tool. This greatly decreases the initial time investment required for new
developers to become fluent in its use. The use of this Help section is detailed in the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux Developer Guide linked below.

See Also
Section B.1, “Changes in Eclipse” provides a comprehensive list of features and improvements
over the Eclipse development environment included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 3, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) provides information on how to compile programs
written in C, C++, and Fortran on the command line.

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PART III. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

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 CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

The GNU Compiler Collection , commonly abbreviated GCC, is a portable compiler suite with support
for a wide selection of programming languages.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with GCC 5.3.1. This version is more recent than the version
included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and provides a number of bug fixes and enhancements.

3.1. GNU C COMPILER

3.1.1. Installing the C Compiler

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the GNU C compiler is provided by the devtoolset-4-gcc package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

3.1.2. Using the C Compiler

To compile a C program on the command line, run the gcc compiler as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -o output_file source_file...'

This creates a binary file named output_file in the current working directory. If the -o option is omitted,
the compiler creates a file named a.out by default.

When you are working on a project that consists of several source files, it is common to compile an
object file for each of the source files first and then link these object files together. This way, when you
change a single source file, you can recompile only this file without having to compile the entire project.
To compile an object file on the command line, run the following command:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -o object_file -c source_file'

This creates an object file named object_file. If the -o option is omitted, the compiler creates a file
named after the source file with the .o file extension. To link object files together and create a binary
file, run:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -o output_file object_file...'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset gcc as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

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User Guide

NOTE

To verify the version of gcc you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which gcc

Red Hat Developer Toolset's gcc executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively,
you can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset gcc:

gcc -v

IMPORTANT

Some newer library features are statically linked into applications built with Red Hat
Developer Toolset to support execution on multiple versions of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. This adds a small additional security risk as normal Red Hat
Enterprise Linux errata would not change this code. If the need for developers to rebuild
their applications due to such an issue arises, Red Hat will signal this via a security
erratum. Developers are strongly advised not to statically link their entire application for
the same reasons.

NOTE

The Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 version of GCC supports Cilk+, an extension to the C
and C++ languages for parallel programming, which can be enabled using the -
fcilkplus option. A runtime library, libcilkrts, is included in this release to
support Cilk+. The libcilkrts library has been a part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
since version 7.2, but the package is not included in all supported Red Hat
Enterprise Linux releases. To enable dynamic linkage of binaries and libraries built with
Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 GCC using Cilk+ features on supported Red Hat
Enterprise Linux releases that do not contain libcilkrts, install the libcilkrts.so
shared library from Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 with such binaries or libraries.

Example 3.1. Compiling a C Program on the Command Line

Consider a source file named hello.c with the following contents:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}

To compile this source code on the command line by using the gcc compiler from Red Hat
Developer Toolset, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -o hello hello.c'

This creates a new binary file called hello in the current working directory.

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 CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

3.1.3. Running a C Program

When gcc compiles a program, it creates an executable binary file. To run this program on the
command line, change to the directory with the executable file and type:

./file_name

Example 3.2. Running a C Program on the Command Line

Assuming that you have successfully compiled the hello binary file as shown in Example 3.1,
“Compiling a C Program on the Command Line”, you can run it by typing the following at a shell
prompt:

~]$ ./hello
Hello, World!

3.2. GNU C++ COMPILER

3.2.1. Installing the C++ Compiler

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the GNU C++ compiler is provided by the devtoolset-4-gcc-c++
package and is automatically installed with the devtoolset-4-toolchain package as described in
Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

3.2.2. Using the C++ Compiler

To compile a C++ program on the command line, run the g++ compiler as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -o output_file source_file...'

This creates a binary file named output_file in the current working directory. If the -o option is omitted,
the g++ compiler creates a file named a.out by default.

When you are working on a project that consists of several source files, it is common to compile an
object file for each of the source files first and then link these object files together. This way, when you
change a single source file, you can recompile only this file without having to compile the entire project.
To compile an object file on the command line, run the following command:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -o object_file -c source_file'

This creates an object file named object_file. If the -o option is omitted, the g++ compiler creates a file
named after the source file with the .o file extension. To link object files together and create a binary
file, run:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -o output_file object_file...'

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Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset g++ as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of g++ you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which g++

Red Hat Developer Toolset's g++ executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively, you
can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset g++:

g++ -v

IMPORTANT

Some newer library features are statically linked into applications built with Red Hat
Developer Toolset to support execution on multiple versions of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. This adds a small additional security risk as normal Red Hat
Enterprise Linux errata would not change this code. If the need for developers to rebuild
their applications due to such an issue arises, Red Hat will signal this via a security
erratum. Developers are strongly advised not to statically link their entire application for
the same reasons.

Example 3.3. Compiling a C++ Program on the Command Line

Consider a source file named hello.cpp with the following contents:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
return 0;
}

To compile this source code on the command line by using the g++ compiler from Red Hat
Developer Toolset, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -o hello hello.cpp'

This creates a new binary file called hello in the current working directory.

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 CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

3.2.3. Running a C++ Program

When g++ compiles a program, it creates an executable binary file. To run this program on the
command line, change to the directory with the executable file and type:

./file_name

Example 3.4. Running a C++ Program on the Command Line

Assuming that you have successfully compiled the hello binary file as shown in Example 3.3,
“Compiling a C++ Program on the Command Line”, you can run it by typing the following at a shell
prompt:

~]$ ./hello
Hello, World!

3.2.4. C++ Compatibility

All compilers from Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions 5, 6, and 7 and from Red Hat Developer Toolset
versions 1, 2, 3, and 4 in any -std mode are compatible with any other of those compilers in C++98
mode. A compiler in C++11 or C++14 mode is only guaranteed to be compatible with another compiler
in C++11 or C++14 mode if they are from the same release series (for example from Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.x).

3.2.4.1. C++ ABI

Because the upstream GCC community development does not guarantee C++11 ABI compatibility
across major versions of GCC, the same applies to use of C++11 with Red Hat Developer Toolset.
Consequently, using the -std=c++11 option is supported in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.x only when
all C++ objects compiled with that flag have been built using the same major version of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. The mixing of objects, binaries and libraries, built by the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
or 7 system toolchain GCC using the -std=c++0x or -std=gnu++0x flags, with those built with the -
std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 flags using the GCC in Red Hat Developer Toolset is explicitly not
supported.

As later major versions of Red Hat Developer Toolset may use a later major release of GCC, forward-
compatibility of objects, binaries, and libraries built with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 options
cannot be guaranteed, and so is not supported.

The default language standard setting for Red Hat Developer Toolset is C++98. Any C++98-compliant
binaries or libraries built in this default mode (or explicitly with -std=c++98) can be freely mixed with
binaries and shared libraries built by the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or 7 system toolchain GCC.
Red Hat recommends use of this default -std=c++98 mode for production software development.

IMPORTANT

Use of C++11 features in your application requires careful consideration of the above
ABI compatibility information.

Aside from the C++11 ABI, discussed above, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Application Compatibility
Specification is unchanged for Red Hat Developer Toolset. When mixing objects built with Red Hat
Developer Toolset with those built with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or 7 toolchain (particularly

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User Guide

.o/.a files), the Red Hat Developer Toolset toolchain should be used for any linkage. This ensures any
newer library features provided only by Red Hat Developer Toolset are resolved at link-time.

A new standard mangling for SIMD vector types has been added to avoid name clashes on systems
with vectors of varying length. By default the compiler still uses the old mangling, but emits aliases
with the new mangling on targets that support strong aliases. -Wabi will now display a warning about
code that uses the old mangling.

3.3. GNU FORTRAN COMPILER

3.3.1. Installing the Fortran Compiler

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the GNU Fortran compiler is provided by the devtoolset-4-gcc-gfortran
package and is automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5,
“Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

3.3.2. Using the Fortran Compiler

To compile a Fortran program on the command line, run the gfortran compiler as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gfortran -o output_file source_file...'

This creates a binary file named output_file in the current working directory. If the -o option is omitted,
the compiler creates a file named a.out by default.

When you are working on a project that consists of several source files, it is common to compile an
object file for each of the source files first and then link these object files together. This way, when you
change a single source file, you can recompile only this file without having to compile the entire project.
To compile an object file on the command line, run the following command:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gfortran -o object_file -c source_file'

This creates an object file named object_file. If the -o option is omitted, the compiler creates a file
named after the source file with the .o file extension. To link object files together and create a binary
file, run:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gfortran -o output_file object_file...'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset gfortran as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

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 CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

NOTE

To verify the version of gfortran you are using at any point, type the following at a
shell prompt:

which gfortran

Red Hat Developer Toolset's gfortran executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset gfortran:

gfortran -v

IMPORTANT

Some newer library features are statically linked into applications built with Red Hat
Developer Toolset to support execution on multiple versions of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux. This adds a small additional security risk as normal Red Hat
Enterprise Linux errata would not change this code. If the need for developers to rebuild
their applications due to such an issue arises, Red Hat will signal this via a security
erratum. Developers are strongly advised not to statically link their entire application for
the same reasons.

Example 3.5. Compiling a Fortran Program on the Command Line

Consider a source file named hello.f with the following contents:

program hello
print *, "Hello, World!"
end program hello

To compile this source code on the command line by using the gfortran compiler from Red Hat
Developer Toolset, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'gfortran -o hello hello.f'

This creates a new binary file called hello in the current working directory.

3.3.3. Running a Fortran Program

When gfortran compiles a program, it creates an executable binary file. To run this program on the
command line, change to the directory with the executable file and type:

./file_name

Example 3.6. Running a Fortran Program on the Command Line

Assuming that you have successfully compiled the hello binary file as shown in Example 3.5,
“Compiling a Fortran Program on the Command Line”, you can run it by typing the following at a
shell prompt:

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User Guide

~]$ ./hello
Hello, World!

3.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of the GNU Compiler Collections and its features is beyond the scope of this
book. For more information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
gcc(1) — The manual page for the gcc compiler provides detailed information on its usage; with
few exceptions, g++ accepts the same command line options as gcc. To display the manual
page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man gcc'

gfortran(1) — The manual page for the gfortran compiler provides detailed information on its
usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man gfortran'

C++ Standard Library Documentation — Documentation on the C++ standard library can be
optionally installed by typing the following at a shell prompt as root:

yum install devtoolset-4-libstdc++-docs

Once installed, HTML documentation is available at /opt/rh/devtoolset-

4/root/usr/share/doc/devtoolset-4-libstdc++-docs-5.3.1/html/index.html.

Online Documentation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide in-depth information
about GCC.

Using the GNU Compiler Collection — The official GCC manual provides an in-depth description
of the GNU compilers and their usage.

The GNU C++ Library — The GNU C++ library documentation provides detailed information
about the GNU implementation of the standard C++ library.

The GNU Fortran Compiler — The GNU Fortran compiler documentation provides detailed
information on gfortran's usage.

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 2, Eclipse provides a general introduction to the Eclipse development environment,

and describes how to use it with the tools from Red Hat Developer Toolset.

36
 CHAPTER 3. GNU COMPILER COLLECTION (GCC)

Chapter 4, binutils explains how to use the binutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate object files and binaries.

Chapter 5, elfutils explains how to use elfutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate ELF files.

Chapter 6, dwz explains how to use dwz to optimize DWARF debugging information contained
in ELF shared libraries and ELF executables for size.

Chapter 7, GNU Debugger (GDB) provides information on how to debug programs written in C,
C++, and Fortran.

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User Guide

CHAPTER 4. BINUTILS
binutils is a collection of various binary tools, such as the GNU linker, GNU assembler, and other
utilities that allow you to inspect and manipulate object files and binaries. See Table 4.1, “Tools
Included in binutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a complete list of binary tools that are
distributed with the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of binutils.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with binutils 2.25.1. This version is more recent than the
version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset
and provides bug fixes and enhancements.

Table 4.1. Tools Included in binutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset

Name Description

addr2line Translates addresses into file names and line numbers.

ar Creates, modifies, and extracts files from archives.

as The GNU assembler.

c++filt Decodes mangled C++ symbols.

dwp Combines DWARF object files into a single DWARF package file.

elfedit Examines and edits ELF files.

gprof Display profiling information.

ld The GNU linker.

ld.bfd An alternative to the GNU linker.

ld.gold Another alternative to the GNU linker.

nm Lists symbols from object files.

objcopy Copies and translates object files.

objdump Displays information from object files.

ranlib Generates an index to the contents of an archive to make access to this archive
faster.

readelf Displays information about ELF files.

size Lists section sizes of object or archive files.

strings Displays printable character sequences in files.

38
 CHAPTER 4. BINUTILS

Name Description

strip Discards all symbols from object files.

4.1. INSTALLING BINUTILS

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, binutils are provided by the devtoolset-4-binutils package and are
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

4.2. USING THE GNU ASSEMBLER

To produce an object file from an assembly language program, run the as tool as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'as [option...] -o object_file source_file'

This creates an object file named object_file in the current working directory.

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset as as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of as you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which as

Red Hat Developer Toolset's as executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively, you
can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset as:

as -v

4.3. USING THE GNU LINKER

To create an executable binary file or a library from object files, run the ld tool as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ld [option...] -o output_file object_file...'

This creates a binary file named output_file in the current working directory. If the -o option is omitted,
the compiler creates a file named a.out by default.

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset ld as default:

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User Guide

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of ld you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which ld

Red Hat Developer Toolset's ld executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively, you
can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset ld:

ld -v

4.4. USING OTHER BINARY TOOLS

The binutils provide many binary tools other than a linker and an assembler. For a complete list of
these tools, see Table 4.1, “Tools Included in binutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

To execute any of the tools that are a part of binutils, run the command as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'tool [option...] file_name'

See Table 4.1, “Tools Included in binutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a list of tools that are
distributed with binutils. For example, to use the objdump tool to inspect an object file, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'objdump [option...] object_file'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset binary tools as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of binutils you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which objdump

Red Hat Developer Toolset's objdump executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset objdump:

objdump -v

4.5. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

40
 CHAPTER 4. BINUTILS

A detailed description of binutils is beyond the scope of this book. For more information, see the
resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
as(1), ld(1), addr2line(1), ar(1), c++filt(1), dwp(1), elfedit(1), gprof(1), nm(1), objcopy(1),
objdump(1), ranlib(1), readelf(1), size(1), strings(1), strip(1), — Manual pages for various binutils
tools provide more information about their respective usage. To display a manual page for the
version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man tool'

Online Documentation
Documentation for binutils — The binutils documentation provides an in-depth description of
the binary tools and their usage.

See Also
Section B.2, “Changes in binutils” provides a comprehensive list of features and improvements
over the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8 version of binutils and the version distributed in the 4.0
release of Red Hat Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 5, elfutils explains how to use elfutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate ELF files.

Chapter 3, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) provides information on how to compile programs
written in C, C++, and Fortran.

41
User Guide

CHAPTER 5. ELFUTILS
elfutils is a collection of various binary tools, such as eu-objdump, eu-readelf, and other utilities
that allow you to inspect and manipulate ELF files. See Table 5.1, “Tools Included in elfutils for Red Hat
Developer Toolset” for a complete list of binary tools that are distributed with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset version of elfutils.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with elfutils 0.166. This version is more recent than the
version included the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset and provides some bug fixes and
enhancements.

Table 5.1. Tools Included in elfutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset

Name Description

eu-addr2line Translates addresses into file names and line numbers.

eu-ar Creates, modifies, and extracts files from archives.

eu-elfcmp Compares relevant parts of two ELF files for equality.

eu-elflint Verifies that ELF files are compliant with the generic ABI (gABI) and processor-
specific supplement ABI (psABI) specification.

eu-findtextrel Locates the source of text relocations in files.

eu-make-debug- Creates an offline archive for debugging.

archive

eu-nm Lists symbols from object files.

eu-objdump Displays information from object files.

eu-ranlib Generates an index to the contents of an archive to make access to this archive
faster.

eu-readelf Displays information about ELF files.

eu-size Lists section sizes of object or archive files.

eu-stack A new utility for unwinding processes and cores.

eu-strings Displays printable character sequences in files.

eu-strip Discards all symbols from object files.

eu-unstrip Combines stripped files with separate symbols and debug information.

5.1. INSTALLING ELFUTILS

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 CHAPTER 5. ELFUTILS

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, elfutils is provided by the devtoolset-4-elfutils package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

5.2. USING ELFUTILS

To execute any of the tools that are part of elfutils, run the command as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'tool [option...] file_name'

See Table 5.1, “Tools Included in elfutils for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a list of tools that are
distributed with elfutils. For example, to use the eu-objdump tool to inspect an object file, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'eu-objdump [option...] object_file'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset binary tools as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of elfutils you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which eu-objdump

Red Hat Developer Toolset's eu-objdump executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset eu-objdump:

eu-objdump -V

5.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of elfutils is beyond the scope of this book. For more information, see the
resources listed below.

See Also
Section B.3, “Changes in elfutils” provides a comprehensive list of features and improvements
over the version distributed in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 3, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) provides information on how to compile programs
written in C, C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 4, binutils explains how to use the binutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate object files and binaries.

43
User Guide

Chapter 6, dwz explains how to use dwz to optimize DWARF debugging information contained
in ELF shared libraries and ELF executables for size.

44
 CHAPTER 6. DWZ

CHAPTER 6. DWZ
dwz is a command line tool that attempts to optimize DWARF debugging information contained in ELF
shared libraries and ELF executables for size. To do so, dwz replaces DWARF information
representation with equivalent smaller representation where possible and reduces the amount of
duplication by using techniques from Appendix E of the DWARF Standard.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with dwz 0.12.

6.1. INSTALLING DWZ

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the dwz utility is provided by the devtoolset-4-dwz package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

6.2. USING DWZ

To optimize DWARF debugging information in a binary file, run the dwz tool as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'dwz [option...] file_name'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset dwz as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of dwz you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which dwz

Red Hat Developer Toolset's dwz executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively,
you can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset dwz:

dwz -v

6.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of dwz and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more information,
see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
dwz(1) — The manual page for the dwz utility provides detailed information on its usage. To
display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man dwz'

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User Guide

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 3, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) provides information on how to compile programs
written in C, C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 4, binutils explains how to use the binutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate object files and binaries.

Chapter 5, elfutils explains how to use elfutils, a collection of binary tools to inspect and
manipulate ELF files.

46
 PART IV. DEBUGGING TOOLS

PART IV. DEBUGGING TOOLS

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User Guide

CHAPTER 7. GNU DEBUGGER (GDB)

The GNU Debugger , commonly abbreviated as GDB, is a command line tool that can be used to debug
programs written in various programming languages. It allows you to inspect memory within the code
being debugged, control the execution state of the code, detect the execution of particular sections of
code, and much more.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with GDB 7.10. This version is more recent than the version
included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
provides some enhancements and numerous bug fixes.

7.1. INSTALLING THE GNU DEBUGGER

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the GNU Debugger is provided by the devtoolset-4-gdb package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

7.2. PREPARING A PROGRAM FOR DEBUGGING

Compiling Programs with Debugging Information
To compile a C program with debugging information that can be read by the GNU Debugger , make
sure the gcc compiler is run with the -g option. To do so on the command line, use a command in the
following form:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -g -o output_file input_file...'

Similarly, to compile a C++ program with debugging information, run:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -g -o output_file input_file...'

Example 7.1. Compiling a C Program With Debugging Information

Consider a source file named fibonacci.c that has the following contents:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {

unsigned long int a = 0;
unsigned long int b = 1;
unsigned long int sum;

while (b < LONG_MAX) {

printf("%ld ", b);
sum = a + b;
a = b;
b = sum;
}

return 0;
}

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 CHAPTER 7. GNU DEBUGGER (GDB)

To compile this program on the command line using GCC from Red Hat Developer Toolset with
debugging information for the GNU Debugger , type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -g -o fibonacci fibonacci.c'

This creates a new binary file called fibonacci in the current working directory.

Installing Debugging Information for Existing Packages

To install debugging information for a package that is already installed on the system, type the
following at a shell prompt as root:

debuginfo-install package_name

Note that the yum-utils package must be installed for the debuginfo-install utility to be available
on your system.

Example 7.2. Installing Debugging Information for the glibc Package

To install debugging information for the glibc package, type:

~]# debuginfo-install glibc

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-debuginfo.x86_64 0:2.17-105.el7 will be installed
...

7.3. RUNNING THE GNU DEBUGGER

To run the GNU Debugger on a program you want to debug, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'gdb file_name'

This starts the gdb debugger in interactive mode and displays the default prompt, (gdb). To quit the
debugging session and return to the shell prompt, run the following command at any time:

quit

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset gdb as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

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NOTE

To verify the version of gdb you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which gdb

Red Hat Developer Toolset's gdb executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively,
you can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset gdb:

gdb -v

Example 7.3. Running the gdb Utility on the fibonacci Binary File

Assuming that you have successfully compiled the fibonacci binary file as shown in Example 7.1,
“Compiling a C Program With Debugging Information”, you can start debugging it with gdb by
typing the following at a shell prompt:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'gdb fibonacci'

GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (7.10-20.el7)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show
copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".
(gdb)

7.4. LISTING SOURCE CODE

To view the source code of the program you are debugging, run the following command:

list

Before you start the execution of the program you are debugging, gdb displays the first ten lines of the
source code, and any subsequent use of this command lists another ten lines. Once you start the
execution, gdb displays the lines that are surrounding the line on which the execution stops, typically
when you set a breakpoint.

You can also display the code that is surrounding a particular line. To do so, run the command in the
following form:

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 CHAPTER 7. GNU DEBUGGER (GDB)

list [file_name:]line_number

Similarly, to display the code that is surrounding the beginning of a particular function, run:

list [file_name:]function_name

Note that you can change the number of lines the list command displays by running the following
command:

set listsize number

Example 7.4. Listing the Source Code of the fibonacci Binary File

The fibonacci.c file listed in Example 7.1, “Compiling a C Program With Debugging Information”
has exactly 17 lines. Assuming that you have compiled it with debugging information and you want
the gdb utility to be capable of listing the entire source code, you can run the following command to
change the number of listed lines to 20:

(gdb) set listsize 20

You can now display the entire source code of the file you are debugging by running the list
command with no additional arguments:

(gdb) list
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include <limits.h>
3
4 int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
5 unsigned long int a = 0;
6 unsigned long int b = 1;
7 unsigned long int sum;
8
9 while (b < LONG_MAX) {
10 printf("%ld ", b);
11 sum = a + b;
12 a = b;
13 b = sum;
14 }
15
16 return 0;
17 }

7.5. SETTING BREAKPOINTS

Setting a New Breakpoint
To set a new breakpoint at a certain line, run the following command:

break [file_name:]line_number

You can also set a breakpoint on a certain function:

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break [file_name:]function_name

Example 7.5. Setting a New Breakpoint

Assuming that you have compiled the fibonacci.c file listed in Example 7.1, “Compiling a C
Program With Debugging Information” with debugging information, you can set a new breakpoint at
line 10 by running the following command:

(gdb) break 10
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4004e5: file fibonacci.c, line 10.

Listing Breakpoints
To display a list of currently set breakpoints, run the following command:

info breakpoints

Example 7.6. Listing Breakpoints

Assuming that you have followed the instructions in Example 7.5, “Setting a New Breakpoint” , you
can display the list of currently set breakpoints by running the following command:

(gdb) info breakpoints

Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x00000000004004e5 in main at
fibonacci.c:10

Deleting Existing Breakpoints

To delete a breakpoint that is set at a certain line, run the following command:

clear line_number

Similarly, to delete a breakpoint that is set on a certain function, run:

clear function_name

Example 7.7. Deleting an Existing Breakpoint

Assuming that you have compiled the fibonacci.c file listed in Example 7.1, “Compiling a C
Program With Debugging Information” with debugging information, you can set a new breakpoint at
line 7 by running the following command:

(gdb) break 7
Breakpoint 2 at 0x4004e3: file fibonacci.c, line 7.

To remove this breakpoint, type:

(gdb) clear 7
Deleted breakpoint 2

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7.6. STARTING EXECUTION

To start an execution of the program you are debugging, run the following command:

run

If the program accepts any command line arguments, you can provide them as arguments to the run
command:

run argument…

The execution stops when the first breakpoint (if any) is reached, when an error occurs, or when the
program terminates.

Example 7.8. Executing the fibonacci Binary File

Assuming that you have followed the instructions in Example 7.5, “Setting a New Breakpoint” , you
can execute the fibonacci binary file by running the following command:

(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/john/fibonacci

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe4d8) at fibonacci.c:10

10 printf("%ld ", b);

7.7. DISPLAYING CURRENT VALUES

The gdb utility allows you to display the value of almost anything that is relevant to the program, from
a variable of any complexity to a valid expression or even a library function. However, the most
common task is to display the value of a variable.

To display the current value of a certain variable, run the following command:

print variable_name

Example 7.9. Displaying the Current Values of Variables

Assuming that you have followed the instructions in Example 7.8, “Executing the fibonacci Binary
File” and the execution of the fibonacci binary stopped after reaching the breakpoint at line 10,
you can display the current values of variables a and b as follows:

(gdb) print a
$1 = 0
(gdb) print b
$2 = 1

7.8. CONTINUING EXECUTION

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To resume the execution of the program you are debugging after it reached a breakpoint, run the
following command:

continue

The execution stops again when another breakpoint is reached. To skip a certain number of
breakpoints (typically when you are debugging a loop), you can run the continue command in the
following form:

continue number

The gdb utility also allows you to stop the execution after executing a single line of code. To do so, run:

step

Finally, you can execute a certain number of lines by using the step command in the following form:

step number

Example 7.10. Continuing the Execution of the fibonacci Binary File

Assuming that you have followed the instructions in Example 7.8, “Executing the fibonacci Binary
File”, and the execution of the fibonacci binary stopped after reaching the breakpoint at line 10,
you can resume the execution by running the following command:

(gdb) continue
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe4d8) at fibonacci.c:10

10 printf("%ld ", b);

The execution stops the next time the breakpoint is reached. To execute the next three lines of
code, type:

(gdb) step 3
13 b = sum;

This allows you to verify the current value of the sum variable before it is assigned to b:

(gdb) print sum

$3 = 2

7.9. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of the GNU Debugger and all its features is beyond the scope of this book. For
more information, see the resources listed below.

Online Documentation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide more information on the
GNU Debugger and debugging.

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 CHAPTER 7. GNU DEBUGGER (GDB)

GNU Debugger and debugging.

GDB Documentation — The official GDB documentation includes the GDB User Manual and
other reference material.

See Also
Section A.6, “Changes in GDB” provides a comprehensive list of features and improvements
over the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system version of the GNU Debugger and the version
distributed in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 2, Eclipse provides a general introduction to the Eclipse development environment,

and describes how to use it with the tools from Red Hat Developer Toolset.

Chapter 3, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) provides further information on how to compile
programs written in C, C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 8, strace documents how to use the strace utility to monitor system calls that a
program uses and signals it receives.

Chapter 10, memstomp documents how to use the memstomp utility to identify calls to library
functions with overlapping memory regions that are not allowed by various standards.

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CHAPTER 8. STRACE
strace is a diagnostic and debugging tool for the command line that can be used to trace system calls
that are made and received by a running process. It records the name of each system call, its
arguments, and its return value, as well as signals received by the process and other interactions with
the kernel, and prints this record to standard error output or a selected file.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with strace 4.10.

8.1. INSTALLING STRACE

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the strace utility is provided by the devtoolset-4-strace package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

8.2. USING STRACE

To run the strace utility on a program you want to analyze, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace program [argument...]'

Replace program with the name of the program you want to analyze, and argument with any command
line options and arguments you want to supply to this program. Alternatively, you can run the utility on
an already running process by using the -p command line option followed by the process ID:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -p process_id'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset strace as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of strace you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which strace

Red Hat Developer Toolset's strace executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset strace:

strace -V

8.2.1. Redirecting Output to a File

By default, strace prints the name of each system call, its arguments and the return value to standard
error output. To redirect this output to a file, use the -o command line option followed by the file name:

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 CHAPTER 8. STRACE

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -o file_name program [argument...]'

Replace file_name with the name of the file.

Example 8.1. Redirecting Output to a File

Consider a slightly modified version of the fibonacci file from Example 7.1, “Compiling a C
Program With Debugging Information”. This executable file displays the Fibonacci sequence and
optionally allows you to specify how many members of this sequence to list. To run the strace
utility on this file and redirect the trace output to fibonacci.log, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -o fibonacci.log ./fibonacci 20'

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765

This creates a new plain-text file called fibonacci.log in the current working directory.

8.2.2. Tracing Selected System Calls

To trace only a selected set of system calls, run the strace utility with the -e command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -e expression program [argument...]'

Replace expression with a comma-separated list of system calls to trace or any of the keywords listed
in Table 8.1, “Commonly Used Values of the -e Option” . For a detailed description of all available values,
see the strace(1) manual page.

Table 8.1. Commonly Used Values of the -e Option

Value Description

file System calls that accept a file name as an argument.

process System calls that are related to process management.

network System calls that are related to networking.

signal System calls that are related to signal management.

ipc System calls that are related to inter-process communication (IPC).

desc System calls that are related to file descriptors.

Example 8.2. Tracing Selected System Calls

Consider the employee file from Example 10.1, “Using memstomp” . To run the strace utility on
this executable file and trace only the mmap and munmap system calls, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -e mmap,munmap ./employee'

mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)

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= 0x7f896c744000
mmap(NULL, 61239, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f896c735000
mmap(0x3146a00000, 3745960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3146a00000
mmap(0x3146d89000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x189000) = 0x3146d89000
mmap(0x3146d8e000, 18600, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3146d8e000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)
= 0x7f896c734000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)
= 0x7f896c733000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)
= 0x7f896c732000
munmap(0x7f896c735000, 61239) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)
= 0x7f896c743000
John,[email protected],
+++ exited with 0 +++

8.2.3. Displaying Time Stamps

To prefix each line of the trace with the exact time of the day in hours, minutes, and seconds, run the
strace utility with the -t command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -t program [argument...]'

To also display milliseconds, supply the -t option twice:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -tt program [argument...]'

To prefix each line of the trace with the time required to execute the respective system call, use the -r
command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -r program [argument...]'

Example 8.3. Displaying Time Stamps

Consider an executable file named pwd. To run the strace utility on this file and include time
stamps in the output, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -tt pwd'

19:43:28.011815 execve("./pwd", ["./pwd"], [/* 36 vars */]) = 0
19:43:28.012128 brk(0) = 0xcd3000
19:43:28.012174 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fc869cb0000
19:43:28.012427 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
19:43:28.012446 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=61239, ...}) = 0
19:43:28.012464 mmap(NULL, 61239, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) =
0x7fc869ca1000

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 CHAPTER 8. STRACE

19:43:28.012483 close(3) = 0
...
19:43:28.013410 +++ exited with 0 +++

8.2.4. Displaying a Summary

To display a summary of how much time was required to execute each system call, how many times
were these system calls executed, and how many errors were encountered during their execution, run
the strace utility with the -c command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -c program [argument...]'

Example 8.4. Displaying a Summary

Consider an executable file named lsblk. To run the strace utility on this file and display a trace
summary, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'strace -c lsblk > /dev/null'

% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
80.88 0.000055 1 106 16 open
19.12 0.000013 0 140 munmap
0.00 0.000000 0 148 read
0.00 0.000000 0 1 write
0.00 0.000000 0 258 close
0.00 0.000000 0 37 2 stat
...
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 0.000068 1790 35 total

8.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of strace and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
strace(1) — The manual page for the strace utility provides detailed information about its
usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man strace'

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 9, ltrace provides information on how to trace program library calls using the ltrace
tool.

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Chapter 7, GNU Debugger (GDB) provides information on how to debug programs written in C,
C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 10, memstomp documents how to use the memstomp utility to identify calls to library
functions with overlapping memory regions that are not allowed by various standards.

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CHAPTER 9. LTRACE
ltrace is a diagnostic and debugging tool for the command line that can be used to display calls that
are made to shared libraries. It uses the dynamic library hooking mechanism, which prevents it from
tracing calls to statically linked libraries. ltrace also displays return values of the library calls. The
output is printed to standard error output or to a selected file.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with ltrace 0.7.91. While the base version ltrace remains the
same as in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset, various enhancements and bug fixes
have ported.

9.1. INSTALLING LTRACE

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the ltrace utility is provided by the devtoolset-4-ltrace package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

9.2. USING LTRACE

To run the ltrace utility on a program you want to analyze, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace program [argument...]'

Replace program with the name of the program you want to analyze, and argument with any command
line options and arguments you want to supply to this program. Alternatively, you can run the utility on
an already running process by using the -p command line option followed by the process ID:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -p process_id'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset ltrace as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of ltrace you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which ltrace

Red Hat Developer Toolset's ltrace executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset ltrace:

ltrace -V

9.2.1. Redirecting Output to a File

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By default, ltrace prints the name of each system call, its arguments and the return value to standard
error output. To redirect this output to a file, use the -o command line option followed by the file name:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -o file_name program [argument...]'

Replace file_name with the name of the file.

Example 9.1. Redirecting Output to a File

Consider a slightly modified version of the fibonacci file from Example 7.1, “Compiling a C
Program With Debugging Information”. This executable file displays the Fibonacci sequence and
optionally allows you to specify how many members of this sequence to list. To run the ltrace
utility on this file and redirect the trace output to fibonacci.log, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -o fibonacci.log ./fibonacci 20'

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765

This creates a new plain-text file called fibonacci.log in the current working directory.

9.2.2. Tracing Selected Library Calls

To trace only a selected set of library calls, run the ltrace utility with the -e command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -e expression program [argument...]'

Replace expression with a chain of rules to specify the library calls to trace. The rules can consist of
patterns that identify symbol names (such as malloc or free) and patterns that identify library
SONAMEs (such as libc.so). For example, to trace call to the malloc and free function but to omit
those that are done by the libc library, use:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -e [email protected]* program'

Example 9.2. Tracing Selected Library Calls

Consider the ls command. To run the ltrace utility on this program and trace only the opendir,
readdir, and closedir function calls, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -e opendir+readdir+closedir ls'

ls->opendir(".") = { 3 }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 61533, "." }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 131, ".." }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 67185100, "BUILDROOT" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 202390772, "SOURCES" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 60249, "SPECS" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 67130110, "BUILD" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 136599168, "RPMS" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = { 202383274, "SRPMS" }
ls->readdir({ 3 }) = nil
ls->closedir({ 3 }) = 0
BUILD BUILDROOT RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS
+++ exited (status 0) +++

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For a detailed description of available filter expressions, see the ltrace(1) manual page.

9.2.3. Displaying Time Stamps

To prefix each line of the trace with the exact time of the day in hours, minutes, and seconds, run the
ltrace utility with the -t command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -t program [argument...]'

To also display milliseconds, supply the -t option twice:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -tt program [argument...]'

To prefix each line of the trace with the time required to execute the respective system call, use the -r
command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -r program [argument...]'

Example 9.3. Displaying Time Stamps

Consider the pwd command. To run the ltrace utility on this program and include time stamps in
the output, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -tt pwd'

13:27:19.631371 __libc_start_main([ "pwd" ] <unfinished ...>
13:27:19.632240 getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") = nil
13:27:19.632520 strrchr("pwd", '/') = nil
13:27:19.632786 setlocale(LC_ALL, "") =
"en_US.UTF-8"
13:27:19.633220 bindtextdomain("coreutils", "/usr/share/locale") =
"/usr/share/locale"
13:27:19.633471 textdomain("coreutils") =
"coreutils"
...
13:27:19.637110 +++ exited (status 0) +++

9.2.4. Displaying a Summary

To display a summary of how much time was required to execute each system call and how many times
were these system calls executed, run the ltrace utility with the -c command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -c program [argument...]'

Example 9.4. Displaying a Summary

Consider the lsblk command. To run the ltrace utility on this program and display a trace
summary, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'ltrace -c lsblk > /dev/null'

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% time seconds usecs/call calls function

------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------------------
53.60 0.261644 261644 1 __libc_start_main
4.48 0.021848 58 374 mbrtowc
4.41 0.021524 57 374 wcwidth
4.39 0.021409 57 374 __ctype_get_mb_cur_max
4.38 0.021359 57 374 iswprint
4.06 0.019838 74 266 readdir64
3.21 0.015652 69 224 strlen
...
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------------------
100.00 0.488135 3482 total

9.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of ltrace and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
ltrace(1) — The manual page for the ltrace utility provides detailed information about its
usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man ltrace'

Online Documentation
ltrace for RHEL 6 and 7 — This article on the Red Hat Developer Blog offers additional in-depth
information (including practical examples) on how to use ltrace for application debugging.

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 8, strace provides information on how to trace program system calls using the strace
tool.

Chapter 7, GNU Debugger (GDB) provides information on how to debug programs written in C,
C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 10, memstomp documents how to use the memstomp utility to identify calls to library
functions with overlapping memory regions that are not allowed by various standards.

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 CHAPTER 10. MEMSTOMP

CHAPTER 10. MEMSTOMP

memstomp is a command line tool that can be used to identify function calls with overlapping memory
regions in situations when such an overlap is not permitted by various standards. It intercepts calls to
the library functions listed in Table 10.1, “Function Calls Inspected by memstomp” and for each
memory overlap, it displays a detailed backtrace to help you debug the problem.

Similarly to Valgrind, the memstomp utility inspects applications without the need to recompile them.
However, it is much faster than this tool and therefore serves as a convenient alternative to it.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with memstomp 0.1.5.

Table 10.1. Function Calls Inspected by memstomp

Function Description

memcpy Copies n bytes from one memory area to another and returns a pointer to the
second memory area.

memccpy Copies a maximum of n bytes from one memory area to another and stops when
a certain character is found. It either returns a pointer to the byte following the
last written byte, or NULL if the given character is not found.

mempcpy Copies n bytes from one memory area to another and returns a pointer to the
byte following the last written byte.

strcpy Copies a string from one memory area to another and returns a pointer to the
second string.

stpcpy Copies a string from one memory area to another and returns a pointer to the
terminating null byte of the second string.

strncpy Copies a maximum of n characters from one string to another and returns a
pointer to the second string.

stpncpy Copies a maximum of n characters from one string to another. It either returns a
pointer to the terminating null byte of the second string, or if the string is not
null-terminated, a pointer to the byte following the last written byte.

strcat Appends one string to another while overwriting the terminating null byte of the
second string and adding a new one at its end. It returns a pointer to the new
string.

strncat Appends a maximum of n characters from one string to another while

overwriting the terminating null byte of the second string and adding a new one
at its end. It returns a pointer to the new string.

wmemcpy The wide-character equivalent of the memcpy () function that copies n wide
characters from one array to another and returns a pointer to the second array.

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Function Description

wmempcpy The wide-character equivalent of the mempcpy() function that copies n wide
characters from one array to another and returns a pointer to the byte following
the last written wide character.

wcscpy The wide-character equivalent of the strcpy () function that copies a wide-
character string from one array to another and returns a pointer to the second
array.

wcsncpy The wide-character equivalent of the strncpy() function that copies a

maximum of n wide characters from one array to another and returns a pointer
to the second string.

wcscat The wide-character equivalent of the strcat () function that appends one wide-
character string to another while overwriting the terminating null byte of the
second string and adding a new one at its end. It returns a pointer to the new
string.

wcsncat The wide-character equivalent of the strncat() function that appends a

maximum of n wide characters from one array to another while overwriting the
terminating null byte of the second wide-character string and adding a new one
at its end. It returns a pointer to the new string.

10.1. INSTALLING MEMSTOMP

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the memstomp utility is provided by the devtoolset-4-memstomp
package and is automatically installed with devtoolset-4-toolchain as described in Section 1.5,
“Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

10.2. USING MEMSTOMP

To run the memstomp utility on a program you want to analyze, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'memstomp program [argument...]'

To immediately terminate the analyzed program when a problem is detected, run the utility with the --
kill (or -k for short) command line option:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'memstomp --kill program [argument...]'

The use of the --kill option is especially recommended if you are analyzing a multi-threaded
program; the internal implementation of backtraces is not thread-safe and running the memstomp
utility on a multi-threaded program without this command line option can therefore produce unreliable
results.

Additionally, if you have compiled the analyzed program with the debugging information or this
debugging information is available to you, you can use the --debug-info (or -d) command line
option to produce a more detailed backtrace:

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 CHAPTER 10. MEMSTOMP

scl enable devtoolset-4 'memstomp --debug-info program [argument...]'

For detailed instructions on how to compile your program with the debugging information built in the
binary file, see Section 7.2, “Preparing a Program for Debugging” . For information on how to install
debugging information for any of the Red Hat Developer Toolset packages, see Section 1.5.4, “Installing
Debugging Information”.

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset memstomp as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

Example 10.1. Using memstomp

In the current working directory, create a source file named employee.c with the following
contents:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define BUFSIZE 80

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

char employee[BUFSIZE] = "John,Doe,[email protected]";
char name[BUFSIZE] = {0};
char surname[BUFSIZE] = {0};
char *email;
size_t length;

/* Extract the information: */

memccpy(name, employee, ',', BUFSIZE);
length = strlen(name);
memccpy(surname, employee + length, ',', BUFSIZE);
length += strlen(surname);
email = employee + length;

/* Compose the new entry: */

strcat(employee, surname);
strcpy(employee, name);
strcat(employee, email);

/* Print the result: */

puts(employee);

return 0;
}

Compile this program into a binary file named employee by using the following command:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'gcc -rdynamic -g -o employee employee.c'

To identify erroneous function calls with overlapping memory regions, type:

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~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'memstomp --debug-info ./employee'

memstomp: 0.1.4 successfully initialized for process employee (pid
14887).

strcat(dest=0x7fff13afc265, src=0x7fff13afc269, bytes=21) overlap for

employee(14887)
??:0 strcpy()
??:0 strcpy()
??:0 _Exit()
??:0 strcat()
employee.c:26 main()
??:0 __libc_start_main()
??:0 _start()
John,[email protected],

10.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of memstomp and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
memstomp(1) — The manual page for the memstomp utility provides detailed information about
its usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset,
type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man memstomp'

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 7, GNU Debugger (GDB) provides information on how to debug programs written in C,
C++, and Fortran.

Chapter 8, strace documents how to use the strace utility to monitor system calls that a
program uses and signals it receives.

Chapter 12, Valgrind explains how to use Valgrind to profile applications and detect memory
errors and memory management problems, such as the use of uninitialized memory, improper
allocation and freeing of memory, and the use of improper arguments in system calls.

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 PART V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING TOOLS

PART V. PERFORMANCE MONITORING TOOLS

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CHAPTER 11. SYSTEMTAP

SystemTap is a tracing and probing tool that allows users to monitor the activities of the entire system
without needing to instrument, recompile, install, and reboot. It is programmable with a custom
scripting language, which gives it expressiveness (to trace, filter, and analyze) and reach (to look into
the running kernel and applications).

SystemTap can monitor various types of events, such as function calls within the kernel or
applications, timers, tracepoints, performance counters, and so on. Some included example scripts
produce output similar to netstat, ps, top, and iostat, others include pretty-printed function
callgraph traces or tools for working around security bugs.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with SystemTap 2.9. This version is more recent than the
version included in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset and provides numerous bug fixes
and enhancements.

Table 11.1. Tools Distributed with SystemTap for Red Hat Developer Toolset

Name Description

stap Translates probing instructions into C code, builds a kernel module, and loads it
into a running Linux kernel.

stapdyn The Dyninst backend for SystemTap.

staprun Loads, unloads, attaches to, and detaches from kernel modules built with the
stap utility.

stapsh Serves as a remote shell for SystemTap.

stap-prep Determines and—if possible—downloads the kernel information packages that are
required to run SystemTap.

stap-merge Merges per-CPU files. This script is automatically executed when the stap utility
is executed with the -b command line option.

stap-report Gathers important information about the system for the purpose of reporting a
bug in SystemTap.

stap-server A compile server, which listens for requests from stap clients.

11.1. INSTALLING SYSTEMTAP

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, SystemTap is provided by the devtoolset-4-systemtap package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-perftools as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

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 CHAPTER 11. SYSTEMTAP

NOTE

The Red Hat Developer Toolset version of SystemTap is available for both Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, but some new features are only
offered by the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of SystemTap for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.

In order to place instrumentation into the Linux kernel, SystemTap may also require installation of
additional packages with debugging information. To determine which packages to install, run the
stap-prep utility as follows:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'stap-prep'

Note that if you execute this command as the root user, the utility automatically offers the packages
for installation. For more information on how to install these packages on your system, see the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 SystemTap Beginners Guide or the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SystemTap Beginners
Guide.

11.2. USING SYSTEMTAP

To execute any of the tools that are part of SystemTap, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'tool [option...]'

See Table 11.1, “Tools Distributed with SystemTap for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a list of tools that
are distributed with SystemTap. For example, to run the stap tool to build an instrumentation module,
type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'stap [option...] argument...'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset SystemTap as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of SystemTap you are using at any point, type the following at a
shell prompt:

which stap

Red Hat Developer Toolset's stap executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively,
you can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset SystemTap:

stap -V

11.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

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A detailed description of SystemTap and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
stap(1) — The manual page for the stap command provides detailed information on its usage,
as well as references to other related manual pages. To display the manual page for the
version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man stap'

staprun(8) — The manual page for the staprun command provides detailed information on its
usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man staprun'

SystemTap Tapset Reference Manual — HTML documentation on the most common tapset
definitions is located at /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/doc/devtoolset-4-
systemtap-client-2.8/index.html.

Online Documentation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 SystemTap Beginners Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
SystemTap Beginners Guide — The SystemTap Beginners Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
and 7 provide an introduction to SystemTap and its usage.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 SystemTap Tapset Reference and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
SystemTap Tapset Reference — The SystemTap Tapset Reference for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provides further details about SystemTap.

The SystemTap Documentation — The official SystemTap documentation provides further

documentation on SystemTap, as well as numerous examples of SystemTap scripts.

See Also
Section B.5, “Changes in SystemTap” provides a comprehensive list of features and
improvements over the version of SystemTap distributed in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 12, Valgrind explains how to use Valgrind to profile applications and detect memory
errors and memory management problems, such as the use of uninitialized memory, improper
allocation and freeing of memory, and the use of improper arguments in system calls.

Chapter 13, OProfile explains how to use OProfile to determine which sections of code
consume the greatest amount of CPU time and why.

Chapter 14, Dyninst documents how to use the Dyninst library to instrument a user-space
executable.

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 CHAPTER 12. VALGRIND

CHAPTER 12. VALGRIND

Valgrind is an instrumentation framework that ships with a number of tools for profiling applications. It
can be used to detect various memory errors and memory-management problems, such as the use of
uninitialized memory or an improper allocation and freeing of memory, or to identify the use of
improper arguments in system calls. For a complete list of profiling tools that are distributed with the
Red Hat Developer Toolset version of Valgrind, see Table 12.1, “Tools Distributed with Valgrind for
Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

Valgrind profiles an application by rewriting it and instrumenting the rewritten binary. This allows you
to profile your application without the need to recompile it, but it also makes Valgrind significantly
slower than other profilers, especially when performing extremely detailed runs. It is therefore not
suited to debugging time-specific issues, or kernel-space debugging.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with Valgrind 3.11.0. This version is more recent than the
version included in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset and provides numerous bug fixes
and enhancements.

Table 12.1. Tools Distributed with Valgrind for Red Hat Developer Toolset

Name Description

Memcheck Detects memory management problems by intercepting system calls and

checking all read and write operations.

Cachegrind Identifies the sources of cache misses by simulating the level 1 instruction cache
(I1), level 1 data cache (D1), and unified level 2 cache (L2).

Callgrind Generates a call graph representing the function call history.

Helgrind Detects synchronization errors in multithreaded C, C++, and Fortran programs

that use POSIX threading primitives.

DRD Detects errors in multithreaded C and C++ programs that use POSIX threading
primitives or any other threading concepts that are built on top of these POSIX
threading primitives.

Massif Monitors heap and stack usage.

12.1. INSTALLING VALGRIND

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, Valgrind is provided by the devtoolset-4-valgrind package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-perftools. If you intend to use Valgrind to profile parallel
programs that use the Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocol, also install the devtoolset-4-
valgrind-openmpi package by typing the following at a shell prompt as root:

yum install devtoolset-4-valgrind-openmpi

For detailed instructions on how to install Red Hat Developer Toolset and related packages to your
system, see Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

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NOTE

Note that if you use Valgrind in combination with the GNU Debugger , it is
recommended that you use the version of GDB that is included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset to ensure that all features are fully supported.

12.2. USING VALGRIND

To run any of the Valgrind tools on a program you want to profile, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'valgrind [--tool=tool] program [argument...]'

See Table 12.1, “Tools Distributed with Valgrind for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a list of tools that
are distributed with Valgrind. The argument of the --tool command line option must be specified in
lower case, and if this option is omitted, Valgrind uses Memcheck by default. For example, to run
Cachegrind on a program to identify the sources of cache misses, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'valgrind --tool=cachegrind program [argument...]'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset Valgrind as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

IMPORTANT

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 as well as Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 and 7.1 support
only the Open MPI application binary interface ( ABI) version 1.6, whereas Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.2 supports Open MPI 1.10. The two versions are binary incompatible.
As a consequence, programs that are built against Open MPI 1.10 cannot be run under
Valgrind included in Red Hat Developer Toolset. To work around this problem, use the
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2 version of Valgrind for programs linked against Open MPI
version 1.10.

NOTE

To verify the version of Valgrind you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which valgrind

Red Hat Developer Toolset's valgrind executable path will begin with /opt.
Alternatively, you can use the following command to confirm that the version number
matches that for Red Hat Developer Toolset Valgrind:

valgrind --version

12.3. REBUILDING VALGRIND

The source RPM package for Valgrind (devtoolset-4-valgrind.src.rpm) requires the openmpi-

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 CHAPTER 12. VALGRIND

devel package version 1.3.3 or later. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8, running the yum -
y install openmpi-devel command results in installing the openmpi-1.10-devel package, and
thus the requirement is unsatisfied. As a consequence, devtoolset-4-valgrind.src.rpm cannot
be rebuilt on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8. Note that this problem does not occur in earlier releases of
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

12.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of Valgrind and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
valgrind(1) — The manual page for the valgrind utility provides detailed information on how
to use Valgrind. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man valgrind'

Valgrind Documentation — HTML documentation for Valgrind is located at

/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/doc/devtoolset-4-valgrind-
3.9.0/html/index.html.

Online Documentation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide more information about
Valgrind and its Eclipse plug-in.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Performance Tuning Guide Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Performance Tuning Guide — The Performance Tuning Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
and 7 provide more detailed information about using Valgrind to profile applications.

See Also
Section B.7, “Changes in Valgrind” provides a comprehensive list of features and
improvements over the version of Valgrind distributed in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 10, memstomp documents how to use the memstomp utility to identify calls to library
functions with overlapping memory regions that are not allowed by various standards.

Chapter 11, SystemTap provides an introduction to SystemTap and explains how to use it to
monitor the activities of a running system.

Chapter 13, OProfile explains how to use OProfile to determine which sections of code
consume the greatest amount of CPU time and why.

Chapter 14, Dyninst documents how to use the Dyninst library to instrument a user-space
executable.

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CHAPTER 13. OPROFILE

OProfile is a low overhead, system-wide profiler that uses the performance-monitoring hardware on
the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on the system, such as when
memory is referenced, the number of level 2 cache (L2) requests, and the number of hardware
interrupts received. It consists of a configuration utility, a daemon for collecting data, and a number of
tools that can be used to transform the data into a human-readable form. For a complete list of tools
that are distributed with the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of OProfile, see Table 13.1, “Tools
Distributed with OProfile for Red Hat Developer Toolset”.

OProfile profiles an application without adding any instrumentation by recording the details of every
nth event. This allows it to consume fewer resources than Valgrind, but it also causes its samples to be
less precise. Unlike Valgrind, which only collects data for a single process and its children in user-
space, OProfile is well suited to collect system-wide data on both user-space and kernel-space
processes, and requires root privileges to run.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with OProfile 1.1.0.

Table 13.1. Tools Distributed with OProfile for Red Hat Developer Toolset

Name Description

oprofiled The OProfile daemon that collects profiling data.

operf Intended to replace the deprecated opcontrol tool. The operf tool uses the
Linux Performance Events subsystem, allowing users to target their profiling
more precisely, as a single process or system-wide, and allowing OProfile to co-
exist better with other tools using the performance monitoring hardware on your
system. Unlike opcontrol, no initial setup is required, and it can be used
without the root privileges unless the --system-wide option is in use.

opannotate Generates an annotated source file or assembly listing from the profiling data.

oparchive Generates a directory containing executable, debug, and sample files.

opgprof Generates a summary of a profiling session in a format compatible with gprof.

ophelp Displays a list of available events.

opimport Converts a sample database file from a foreign binary format to the native
format.

opjitconv Converts a just-in-time (JIT) dump file to the Executable and Linkable Format
(ELF).

opreport Generates image and symbol summaries of a profiling session.

ocount A new tool for counting the number of times particular events occur during the
duration of a monitored command.

13.1. INSTALLING OPROFILE

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 CHAPTER 13. OPROFILE

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, OProfile is provided by the devtoolset-4-oprofile package and is
automatically installed with devtoolset-4-perftools as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”.

13.2. USING OPROFILE

To run any of the tools that are distributed with OProfile, type the following at a shell prompt as root:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'tool [option...]'

See Table 13.1, “Tools Distributed with OProfile for Red Hat Developer Toolset” for a list of tools that
are distributed with OProfile. For example, to use the ophelp command to list available events in the
XML format, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'ophelp -X'

Note that you can execute any command using the scl utility, causing it to be run with the Red Hat
Developer Toolset binaries used in preference to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system equivalent. This
allows you to run a shell session with Red Hat Developer Toolset OProfile as default:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'bash'

NOTE

To verify the version of OProfile you are using at any point, type the following at a shell
prompt:

which operf

Red Hat Developer Toolset's operf executable path will begin with /opt. Alternatively,
you can use the following command to confirm that the version number matches that for
Red Hat Developer Toolset OProfile:

operf --version

13.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of OProfile and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
oprofile(1) — The manual page named oprofile provides an overview of OProfile and available
tools. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man oprofile'

opannotate(1), oparchive(1), operf(1), opgprof(1), ophelp(1), opimport(1), opreport(1) — Manual

pages for various tools distributed with OProfile provide more information on their respective
usage. To display the manual page for the version included in Red Hat Developer Toolset, type:

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User Guide

scl enable devtoolset-4 'man tool'

Online Documentation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide more information on
OProfile.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Deployment Guide — The Deployment Guide for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 describes in detail how to install, configure, and start using OProfile on this
system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide — The System Administrator's Guide
for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 documents how to use the operf tool.

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 11, SystemTap provides an introduction to SystemTap and explains how to use it to
monitor the activities of a running system.

Chapter 12, Valgrind explains how to use Valgrind to profile applications and detect memory
errors and memory management problems, such as the use of uninitialized memory, improper
allocation and freeing of memory, and the use of improper arguments in system calls.

Chapter 14, Dyninst documents how to use the Dyninst library to instrument a user-space
executable.

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 CHAPTER 14. DYNINST

CHAPTER 14. DYNINST

The Dyninst library provides an application programming interface (API) for instrumenting and working
with user-space executables during their execution. It can be used to insert code into a running
program, change certain subroutine calls, or even remove them from the program. It serves as a
valuable debugging and performance-monitoring tool. The Dyninst API is also commonly used along
with SystemTap to allow non- root users to instrument user-space executables.

Red Hat Developer Toolset is distributed with Dyninst 9.1.0.

14.1. INSTALLING DYNINST

In Red Hat Developer Toolset, the Dyninst library is provided by the devtoolset-4-dyninst package and
is automatically installed with devtoolset-4-perftools as described in Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat
Developer Toolset”. In addition, it is recommended that you also install the GNU Compiler Collection
provided by the devtoolset-4-toolchain package.

If you intend to write a custom instrumentation for binaries, install the relevant header files by running
the following command as root:

yum install devtoolset-4-dyninst-devel

You can also install API documentation for this library by typing the following at a shell prompt as
root:

yum install devtoolset-4-dyninst-doc

For a complete list of documents that are included in the devtoolset-4-dyninst-doc package, see
Section 14.3, “Additional Resources”. For detailed instructions on how to install optional packages to
your system, see Section 1.5, “Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset” .

14.2. USING DYNINST

14.2.1. Using Dyninst with SystemTap

To use Dyninst along with SystemTap to allow non- root users to instrument user-space executables,
run the stap command with the --dyninst (or --runtime=dyninst) command line option. This
tells stap to translate a SystemTap script into C code that uses the Dyninst library, compile this C
code into a shared library, and then load the shared library and run the script. Note that when executed
like this, the stap command also requires the -c or -x command line option to be specified.

To use the Dyninst runtime to instrument an executable file, type the following at a shell prompt:

scl enable devtoolset-4 "stap --dyninst -c 'command' [option...]

[argument...]"

Similarly, to use the Dyninst runtime to instrument a user's process, type:

scl enable devtoolset-4 "stap --dyninst -x process_id [option...]

[argument...]"

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See Chapter 11, SystemTap for more information about the Red Hat Developer Toolset version of
SystemTap. For a general introduction to SystemTap and its usage, see the SystemTap Beginners
Guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or the SystemTap Beginners Guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Example 14.1. Using Dyninst with SystemTap

Consider a source file named exercise.C that has the following contents:

#include <stdio.h>

void print_iteration(int value) {

printf("Iteration number %d\n", value);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

int i;
printf("Enter the starting number: ");
scanf("%d", &i);
for(; i>0; --i)
print_iteration(i);
return 0;
}

This program prompts the user to enter a starting number and then counts down to 1, calling the
print_iteration() function for each iteration in order to print the number to the standard
output. To compile this program on the command line using the g++ compiler from Red Hat
Developer Toolset, type the following at a shell prompt:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 'g++ -g -o exercise exercise.C'

Now consider another source file named count.stp with the following contents:

#!/usr/bin/stap

global count = 0

probe process.function("print_iteration") {
count++
}

probe end {
printf("Function executed %d times.\n", count)
}

This SystemTap script prints the total number of times the print_iteration() function was
called during the execution of a process. To run this script on the exercise binary file, type:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 "stap --dyninst -c './exercise' count.stp"

Enter the starting number: 5
Iteration number 5
Iteration number 4
Iteration number 3

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 CHAPTER 14. DYNINST

Iteration number 2
Iteration number 1
Function executed 5 times.

14.2.2. Using Dyninst as a Stand-alone Application

Before using the Dyninst library as a stand-alone application, set the value of the
DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB environment variable to the path to the runtime library file. You can do so by
typing the following at a shell prompt:

export DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB=/opt/rh/devtoolset-
4/root/usr/lib64/dyninst/libdyninstAPI_RT.so

This sets the DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB environment variable in the current shell session.

Example 14.2, “Using Dyninst as a Stand-alone Application” illustrates how to write and build a
program to monitor the execution of a user-space process. For a detailed explanation of how to use
Dyninst, see the resources listed in Section 14.3, “Additional Resources”.

Example 14.2. Using Dyninst as a Stand-alone Application

Consider the exercise.C source file from Example 14.1, “Using Dyninst with SystemTap” : this
program prompts the user to enter a starting number and then counts down to 1, calling the
print_iteration() function for each iteration in order to print the number to standard output.

Now consider another source file named count.C with the following contents:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "BPatch.h"
#include "BPatch_process.h"
#include "BPatch_function.h"
#include "BPatch_Vector.h"
#include "BPatch_thread.h"
#include "BPatch_point.h"

void usage() {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: count <process_id> <function>\n");
}

// Global information for counter

BPatch_variableExpr *counter = NULL;

void createCounter(BPatch_process *app, BPatch_image *appImage) {

int zero = 0;
counter = app->malloc(*appImage->findType("int"));
counter->writeValue(&zero);
}

bool interceptfunc(BPatch_process *app,

BPatch_image *appImage,
char *funcName) {
BPatch_Vector<BPatch_function *> func;

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appImage->findFunction(funcName, func);
if(func.size() == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find function to instrument()\n");
exit (-1);
}
BPatch_Vector<BPatch_snippet *> incCount;
BPatch_Vector<BPatch_point *> *points;
points = func[0]->findPoint(BPatch_entry);
if ((*points).size() == 0) {
exit (-1);
}

BPatch_arithExpr counterPlusOne(BPatch_plus, *counter,

BPatch_constExpr(1));
BPatch_arithExpr addCounter(BPatch_assign, *counter, counterPlusOne);

return app->insertSnippet(addCounter, *points);

}

void printCount(BPatch_thread *thread, BPatch_exitType) {

int val = 0;
counter->readValue(&val, sizeof(int));
fprintf(stderr, "Function executed %d times.\n", val);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int pid;
BPatch bpatch;
if (argc != 3) {
usage();
exit(1);
}
pid = atoi(argv[1]);
BPatch_process *app = bpatch.processAttach(NULL, pid);
if (!app) exit (-1);
BPatch_image *appImage = app->getImage();
createCounter(app, appImage);
fprintf(stderr, "Finding function %s(): ", argv[2]);
BPatch_Vector<BPatch_function*> countFuncs;
fprintf(stderr, "OK\nInstrumenting function %s(): ", argv[2]);
interceptfunc(app, appImage, argv[2]);
bpatch.registerExitCallback(printCount);
fprintf(stderr, "OK\nWaiting for process %d to exit...\n", pid);
app->continueExecution();
while (!app->isTerminated())
bpatch.waitForStatusChange();
return 0;
}

Note that a client application is expected to destroy all Bpatch objects before any of the Dyninst
library destructors are called. Otherwise the mutator might terminate unexpectedly with a
segmentation fault. To work around this problem, set the BPatch object of the mutator as a local
variable in the main() function. Or, if you need to use BPatch as a global variable, manually
detach all the mutatee processes before the mutator exits.

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This program accepts a process ID and a function name as command line arguments and then prints
the total number of times the function was called during the execution of the process. You can use
the following Makefile to build these two files:

DTS = /opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root
CXXFLAGS = -g -I$(DTS)/usr/include/dyninst
LBITS := $(shell getconf LONG_BIT)

ifeq ($(LBITS),64)
DYNINSTLIBS = $(DTS)/usr/lib64/dyninst
else
DYNINSTLIBS = $(DTS)/usr/lib/dyninst
endif

.PHONY: all
all: count exercise

count: count.C
g++ $(CXXFLAGS) count.C -I /usr/include/dyninst -c
g++ $(CXXFLAGS) count.o -L $(DYNINSTLIBS) -ldyninstAPI -o count

exercise: exercise.C
g++ $(CXXFLAGS) exercise.C -o exercise

.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -rf *~ *.o count exercise

To compile the two programs on the command line using the g++ compiler from Red Hat
Developer Toolset, run the make utility as follows:

~]$ scl enable devtoolset-4 make

g++ -g -I/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/include/dyninst count.C -c
g++ -g -I/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/include/dyninst count.o -L
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/lib64/dyninst -ldyninstAPI -o count
g++ -g -I/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/include/dyninst exercise.C -o
exercise

This creates new binary files called exercise and count in the current working directory.

In one shell session, execute the exercise binary file as follows and wait for it to prompt you to
enter the starting number:

~]$ ./exercise
Enter the starting number:

Do not enter this number. Instead, start another shell session and type the following at its prompt
to set the DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB environment variable and execute the count binary file:

~]$ export DYNINSTAPI_RT_LIB=/opt/rh/devtoolset-

4/root/usr/lib64/dyninst/libdyninstAPI_RT.so
~]$ ./count `pidof exercise` print_iteration

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Finding function print_iteration(): OK

Instrumenting function print_iteration(): OK
Waiting for process 8607 to exit...

Now switch back to the first shell session and enter the starting number as requested by the
exercise program. For example:

Enter the starting number: 5

Iteration number 5
Iteration number 4
Iteration number 3
Iteration number 2
Iteration number 1

When the exercise program terminates, the count program displays the number of times the
print_iteration() function was executed:

Function executed 5 times.

14.3. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A detailed description of Dyninst and its features is beyond the scope of this book. For more
information, see the resources listed below.

Installed Documentation
The devtoolset-4-dyninst-doc package installs the following documents in the
/opt/rh/devtoolset-4/root/usr/share/doc/devtoolset-4-dyninst-doc-8.2.1/
directory:

Dyninst Programmer's Guide — A detailed description of the Dyninst API is stored in the
DyninstAPI.pdf file.

DynC API Programmer's Guide — An introduction to DynC API is stored in the dynC_API.pdf
file.

ParseAPI Programmer's Guide — An introduction to the ParseAPI is stored in the

ParseAPI.pdf file.

PatchAPI Programmer's Guide — An introduction to PatchAPI is stored in the PatchAPI.pdf

file.

ProcControlAPI Programmer's Guide — A detailed description of ProcControlAPI is stored in the

ProcControlAPI.pdf file.

StackwalkerAPI Programmer's Guide — A detailed description of StackwalkerAPI is stored in the

stackwalker.pdf file.

SymtabAPI Programmer's Guide — An introduction to SymtabAPI is stored in the

SymtabAPI.pdf file.

InstructionAPI Reference Manual — A detailed description of the InstructionAPI is stored in the

InstructionAPI.pdf file.

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For information on how to install this package on your system, see Section 14.1, “Installing Dyninst” .

Online Documentation
Dyninst Home Page — The project home page provides links to additional documentation and
related publications.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 SystemTap Beginners Guide — The SystemTap Beginners Guide for
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 provides an introduction to SystemTap and its usage.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SystemTap Beginners Guide — The SystemTap Beginners Guide for
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 provides an introduction to SystemTap and its usage.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 SystemTap Tapset Reference — The SystemTap Tapset Reference
for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 provides further details about SystemTap.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SystemTap Tapset Reference — The SystemTap Tapset Reference for
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 provides further details about SystemTap.

See Also
Chapter 1, Red Hat Developer Toolset provides an overview of Red Hat Developer Toolset and
more information on how to install it on your system.

Chapter 11, SystemTap provides an introduction to SystemTap and explains how to use it to
monitor the activities of a running system.

Chapter 12, Valgrind explains how to use Valgrind to profile applications and detect memory
errors and memory management problems, such as the use of uninitialized memory, improper
allocation and freeing of memory, and the use of improper arguments in system calls.

Chapter 13, OProfile explains how to use OProfile to determine which sections of code
consume the greatest amount of CPU time and why.

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PART VI. GETTING HELP

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 CHAPTER 15. ACCESSING RED HAT PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION

CHAPTER 15. ACCESSING RED HAT PRODUCT

DOCUMENTATION
Red Hat Product Documentation located at https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/ serves
as a central source of information. It is currently translated in 23 languages, and for each product, it
provides different kinds of books from release and technical notes to installation, user, and reference
guides in HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats.

Below is a brief list of documents that are directly or indirectly relevant to this book.

RED HAT DEVELOPER TOOLSET

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 Release Notes — The Release Notes for Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1 contain more information.

Red Hat Software Collections Packaging Guide — The Software Collections Packaging Guide
explains the concept of Software Collections and documents how to create, build, and extend
them.

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Developer Guide
— The Developer Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 provide more information about
libraries and runtime support, compiling and building, debugging, and profiling.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Installation Guide — The Installation Guide for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 explains how to obtain, install, and update the system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Installation Guide and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation Guide
— The Installation Guides for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 an 7 explain how to obtain, install, and
update the system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Deployment Guide — The Deployment Guide for Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6 documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration,
and administration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide — The System Administrator's Guide
for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 documents relevant information regarding the deployment,
configuration, and administration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

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CHAPTER 16. CONTACTING GLOBAL SUPPORT SERVICES

Unless you have a Self-Support subscription, when both the Red Hat Documentation website and
Customer Portal fail to provide the answers to your questions, you can contact Global Support
Services (GSS).

16.1. GATHERING REQUIRED INFORMATION

Several items of information should be gathered before contacting GSS.

Background Information
Ensure you have the following background information at hand before calling GSS:

Hardware type, make, and model on which the product runs

Software version

Latest upgrades

Any recent changes to the system

An explanation of the problem and the symptoms

Any messages or significant information about the issue

NOTE

If you ever forget your Red Hat login information, it can be recovered at
https://access.redhat.com/site/help/LoginAssistance.html.

Diagnostics
The diagnostics report for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is required as well. This report is also known as a
sosreport and the program to create the report is provided by the sos package. To install the sos
package and all its dependencies on your system, type the following at a shell prompt as root:

yum install sos

To generate the report, run as root:

sosreport

For more information, access the Knowledgebase article at https://access.redhat.com/kb/docs/DOC-

3593.

Account and Contact Information

In order to help you, GSS requires your account information to customize their support, as well contact
information to get back to you. When you contact GSS ensure you have your:

Red Hat customer number or Red Hat Network (RHN) login name

Company name

Contact name

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 CHAPTER 16. CONTACTING GLOBAL SUPPORT SERVICES

Preferred method of contact (phone or email) and contact information (phone number or email
address)

Issue Severity
Determining an issue's severity is important to allow the GSS team to prioritize their work. There are
four levels of severity.

Severity 1 (urgent)
A problem that severely impacts your use of the software for production purposes. It halts your
business operations and has no procedural workaround.

Severity 2 (high)
A problem where the software is functioning, but production is severely reduced. It causes a high
impact to business operations, and no workaround exists.

Severity 3 (medium)
A problem that involves partial, non-critical loss of the use of the software. There is a medium to
low impact on your business, and business continues to function by utilizing a workaround.

Severity 4 (low)
A general usage question, report of a documentation error, or a recommendation for a future
product improvement.

For more information on determining the severity level of an issue, see

https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/severity.

Once the issue severity has been determined, submit a service request through the Customer Portal
under the Connect option, or at https://access.redhat.com/support/contact/technicalSupport.html.
Note that you need your Red Hat login details in order to submit service requests.

If the severity is level 1 or 2, then follow up your service request with a phone call. Contact information
and business hours are found at https://access.redhat.com/support/contact/technicalSupport.html.

If you have a premium subscription, then after hours support is available for Severity 1 and 2 cases.

Turn-around rates for both premium subscriptions and standard subscription can be found at
https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/production/sla.html.

16.2. ESCALATING AN ISSUE

If you feel an issue is not being handled correctly or adequately, you can escalate it. There are two
types of escalations:

Technical escalation
If an issue is not being resolved appropriately or if you need a more senior resource to attend to it.

Management escalation
If the issue has become more severe or you believe it requires a higher priority.

More information on escalation, including contacts, is available at

https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/mgt_escalation.html.

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16.3. RE-OPENING A SERVICE REQUEST

If there is more relevant information regarding a closed service request (such as the problem
reoccurring), you can re-open the request via the Red Hat Customer Portal at
https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/mgt_escalation.html or by calling your local support
center, the details of which can be found at
https://access.redhat.com/support/contact/technicalSupport.html.

IMPORTANT

In order to re-open a service request, you need the original service-request number.

16.4. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

For more information, see the resources listed below.

Online Documentation
Getting Started — The Getting Started page serves as a starting point for people who purchased
a Red Hat subscription and offers the Red Hat Welcome Kit and the Quick Guide to Red Hat
Support for download.

How can a RHEL Self-Support subscription be used? — A Knowledgebase article for customers
with a Self-Support subscription.

Red Hat Global Support Services and public mailing lists — A Knowledgebase article that
answers frequent questions about public Red Hat mailing lists.

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 APPENDIX A. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.0

APPENDIX A. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.0

The sections below document features and compatibility changes introduced in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.0.

A.1. CHANGES IN ECLIPSE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with Eclipse 4.5.0 and other plugins from the Mars
release train SR2 (Service Release 2), which provides a number of bug fixes and feature enhancements
over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous version of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

This section contains a comprehensive list of new features and compatibility changes in this release.
For details on how to use these new features, refer to the built-in Eclipse documentation.

A.1.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

A new component, Eclipse Pydev, has been added. A full-featured Python IDE with features
including code completion, type hinting, code analysis, refactoring, debugging, interactive
console, unit test and code coverage integration, and many more.

A new component, Eclipse PTP, has been added. It is a subset of the Eclipse PTP project
(http://www.eclipse.org/ptp/) providing support for synchronized projects. Synchronized
projects consist of files that are mirrored on the local system as well as on one or more remote
systems. Editing occurs locally, and each file is synchronized with the currently active remote
system when it is changed, created, or deleted. This enables faster interaction with the files
and the editor, more CDT editor features because the files are local, and continued interaction
for editing and other functions if the network connection is lost.

The Eclipse Platform has been updated from version 4.4.1 to 4.5.0. As this is a feature release
it contains a number of new features, bug fixes and optimizations including, among others, the
following:

The SWT GTK+3 back end (used by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7) has been
significantly enhanced. It is now the default whenever GTK+ 3.x is installed on the system.

SWT now supports transparency.

User experience on Hi-DPI monitors has been improved.

The internal Jetty server has been updated to Jetty 9.x which implements the Servlet 3.1
specification.

The Dark theme has been improved and graduated to a supported version (it was a
technology preview in the previous version of Red Hat Developer Toolset). It can be
accessed on the General → Appearance preference page.

Search speed has been improved. Searching is now up to three to four times faster in case
of full workspace searches on multi-core machines.

Editor tabs can now be managed. For example, focus can be set to left or right of a closed
tab, etc.

Hierarchical project view has been added for easier navigation.

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Search functionality has been added to or enhanced in a number of dialogs, such as Open
with..., Open Resource, and Plug-in Selection.

The Console view has been improved. It now supports the Terminate All command, as
well as output wrapping, scroll lock, and output limit.

Refactorings have been added for better code by using lambdas.

The speed of the Java compiler (ecj) has been improved significantly on generics-heavy
code.

Support for Java annotation has been enhanced: support for external annotations has
been added, as well as the Annotate command for adding nullable information in the
source. Annotations can now be rendered in the Javadoc view.

Eclipse CDT (C and C++ Development Tooling) has been updated from version 8.6 to 8.7. This
release includes a number of enhancements, including the following:

Support for docker-formatted container images has been added. The new subcomponent
provides a new, optional feature in CDT, which allows for running and debugging C and
C++ applications in docker-formatted container images. To use this feature, select the
Run as C/C++ Container Application or Debug as C/C++ Container Application menu
items.

Support for project-less execution has been added. Any C or C++ program can be run using
the Run Configurations dialog window without being a part of a project.

A wizard has been added for importing existing Autotools projects.

The Mylyn task-management subsystem has been updated from version 3.14 to version 3.16.
This new release includes the following changes:

The Bugzilla connector has been improved to support for Bugzilla versions and fields.

Support for saving and restoring breakpoints in task context has been added.

The Eclipse Linux Tools plug-in collection has been updated from version 3.2 to 4.0. This
major release includes significant changes, such as:

Docker tooling has been added for managing and running docker-formatted container
images from inside Eclipse.

EGit, a Git integration plug-in for Eclipse, and JGit, a Java library implementing Git, have been
updated from version 3.6.1 to 4.0.1. This update includes:

Support has been added for honoring the .gitattributes configuration file.

Support has been added for pre-commit hooks.

Support has been added for the Git-Flow workflow.

Usability has been improved significantly. There are better and more numerous tooltips,
busy indicators, etc.

The Staging view now supports submodule repositories.

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 APPENDIX A. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.0

A.2. CHANGES IN GCC

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with GCC 5.2.1, which provides a number of bug fixes and
new features over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous version of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

A.2.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of GCC in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1:

Various inter-procedural optimization improvements, including:

A new Identical Code Folding feature has been added, which tries to merge identical
functions in order to save space.

Devirtualization optimization has been significantly improved.

Better optimization of dead code for C++ inline functions and virtual tables.

Better optimization of write-only variables.

Various link-time optimization improvements, including:

GCC now utilizes One Definition Rule-based merging of C++ types, which allows better
devirtualization and alias analysis.

GCC now features lesser memory usage and faster linking speed.

Various register-allocation improvements, including:

A new control-flow sensitive global register rematerialization optimization has been

added, which improves performance.

The generation of PIC (Position-Independent Code) has been improved by reusing the PIC
hard register.

A new inter-procedural register allocator has been added, which brings better
performance.

The Undefined Behavior Sanitizer (ubsan) gained a few new sanitization options. It is
now able to, for instance, detect out-of-bounds accesses and detect various misaligned objects.
It is also capable of virtual-pointer checking for C++ code.

Offloading features of the OpenMP 4.0 specification are now supported by the C, C++, and
Fortran compilers.

Several new warnings options have been added, including:

-Wswitch-bool, which warns whenever a switch statement has an index of a boolean

type.

-Wlogical-not-parentheses, which warns about logical not used on the left-hand side
operand of a comparison.

-Wsizeof-array-argument, which warns when the sizeof operator is applied to a

parameter that has been declared as an array in a function definition.

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-Wbool-compare, which warns about boolean expressions compared with an integer

value different from true or false.

The preprocessor gained support for the __has_include and __has_include_next

macros, which can be used to test the availability of headers, as well as the __has_attribute
macro used to determine whether a specified attribute exists.

A new set of built-in functions for arithmetics with overflow checking has been added:
__builtin_add_overflow, __builtin_sub_overflow, and __builtin_mul_overflow.

The default mode for C is now -std=gnu11 instead of -std=gnu89.

The C++ compiler now supports many C++14 features, for instance: variable templates,
aggregates with non-static data member initializers, the extended constexpr specifier, sized
deallocation functions, and others. The C++ compiler also supports several new warnings, for
example, to help developers annotate programs with final specifiers.

The Runtime Library (libstdc++) has been greatly improved. Note that unlike the upstream
GCC 5.x, the Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 version of GCC does not use the new ABI.

libstdc++ now has full support for the C++11 standard with the exception of the new
implementations of the std::string and std::list classes because the Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1 version of GCC uses the old ABI.

Other notable features include, for example, movable and swappable iostream classes,
support for the std::align function and the std::aligned_union class template,
locale facets for Unicode conversion, and atomic operations for the std::shared_ptr
class template.

libstdc++ now has full experimental support for the C++14 standard. This includes, for
example, the std::is_final type trait.

The experimental support for the TS Library Fundamentals has been improved.

GCC now contains the libgccjit library, which allows users to build GCC as a shared library
for embedding in other processes, suitable for Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation to machine
code.

GCC now contains support for new ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) extensions, including
AVX512-VL (Vector Length Extensions), AVX512-BW (Byte and Word Instructions), and
AVX512-DQ (Doubleword and Quadword Instructions) extensions on top of the already
existing AVX-512 extensions.

Pointer Bounds Checker has been added to GCC, which serves as a bounds violation
detector. This tool only works on 32-bit a 64-bit Intel Linux targets with the new ISA extension
Intel MPX support.

The Intel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX) support has been added to GCC in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.0 for use with future releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (beyond
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2) when the kernel enablement is complete. This feature will
provide a set of extensions to the x86 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), which can be used for
bounds checking when performing pointer accesses. Note that this feature will not be
supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

A.3. CHANGES IN BINUTILS

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 APPENDIX A. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.0

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with binutils 2.25, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous
version of Red Hat Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this release.

A.3.1. Changes Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7

The following features have been added since the release of binutils in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7:

The GNU assembler (as), GNU linker (ld), and other binary tools that are part of binutils are now
released under the GNU General Public License, version 3.

A.3.1.1. GNU Linker

Another ELF linker, gold, is now available in addition to ld, the existing GNU linker. gold is intended
to be a drop-in replacement for ld, so ld's documentation is intended to be the reference
documentation. gold supports most of ld's features, except notable ones such as MRI-compatible
linker scripts, cross-reference reports (--cref), and various other minor options. It also provides
significantly improved link time with very large C++ applications.

In Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0, the gold linker is not enabled by default. Users can explicitly switch
between ld and gold by using the alternatives mechanism.

A.3.1.1.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.7:

A new INPUT_SECTION_FLAGS keyword has been added to the linker script language. This
keyword can be used to select input sections by section header flags.

A new SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY keyword has been added to the linker script language. This
keyword can be used to sort sections by numerical value of the GCC init_priority
attribute encoded in the section name.

A new SORT_NONE keyword has been added to the linker script language. This keyword can be
used to disable section sorting.

A new linker-provided symbol, __ehdr_start, has been added. When producing ELF output,
this symbol points to the ELF file header (and nearby program headers) in the program's
memory image.

A.3.1.1.2. Compatibility Changes

The following compatibility changes have been made since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.7:

The --copy-dt-needed-entries command line option is no longer enabled by default.

Instead, --no-copy-dt-needed-entries is now the default option.

Evaluation of linker script expressions has been significantly improved. Note that this can
negatively affect scripts that rely on undocumented behavior of the old expression evaluation.

A.3.1.2. GNU Assembler

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A.3.1.2.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.7:

The GNU Assembler no longer requires double ampersands in macros.

A new --compress-debug-sections command line option has been added to enable

compression of DWARF debug information sections in the relocatable output file. Compressed
debug sections are currently supported by the readelf, objdump, and gold tools, but not by
ld.

Support for .bundle_align_mode, .bundle_lock, and .bundle_unlock directives for

x86 targets has been added..

On x86 architectures, the GNU Assembler now allows rep bsf, rep bsr, and rep ret
syntax.

A.3.1.3. Other Binary Tools

A.3.1.3.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.7:

The readelf and objdump tools can now display the contents of the .debug.macro
sections.

New --dwarf-start and --dwarf-end command line options have been added to the
readelf and objdump tools. These options are used by the new Emacs mode (see the
dwarf-mode.el file).

A new --interleave-width command line option has been added to the objcopy tool to
allow the use of the --interleave to copy a range of bytes from the input to the output.

A new --dyn-syms command line option has been added to the readelf tool. This option can
be used to dump dynamic symbol table.

A new tool, elfedit, has been added to binutils. This tool can be used to directly manipulate
ELF format binaries.

A new command line option --addresses (or -a for short) has been added to the
addr2line tool. This option can be used to display addresses before function and source file
names.

A new command line option --pretty-print (or -p for short) has been added to the
addr2line tool. This option can be used to produce human-readable output.

Support for dwz -m optimized debug information has been added.

The devtoolset-2-binutils-devel package now provides the demangle.h header file.

A.3.2. Changes Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2

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 APPENDIX A. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.0

The following bugs have been fixed and features added since the release of binutils in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.2:

The detection of uncompressed .debug_str sections has been fixed.

The decoding of abbreviations using the DW_FORM_ref_addr attribute has been fixed.

The objcopy utility now supports wildcards for section names in command line options.

The BFD linker script language now supports the ALIGN_WITH_INPUT directive for output
sections. The directive directs the linker to compute the maximum alignment of the associated
input sections and use that alignment for the output section.

The AVX-512 (512-bit Advanced Vector Extensions) are now supported.

A.3.3. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of binutils in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1:

A.3.3.1. GNU Linker

Binaries in the COFF/PE format now once again contain real timestamps by default. This was
done so that the binaries will be compatible with tools from other vendors. However, including
timestamps in binaries means that two identical builds made at different times will not
compare as identical. The timestamps can be disabled using a command-line option, --no-
insert-timestamp.

Binaries in the COFF/PE format can now have a build-id added to them using the --build-id
command line option. This behaves in the same way as the --build-id option does for
binaries in the ELF format.

Support has been added for the AVR Tiny microcontrollers and the Andes NDS32 architecture.

Support for the Openrisc and OR32 architectures has been replaced with support for the OR1K
architecture.

A.3.3.2. GNU Assembler

The ARM assembler now accepts output from the CodeComposer Studio tool. This is enabled
using a new command line option, -mccs.

Support has been added for the AVR Tiny microcontrollers and the Andes NDS32 architecture.

Support for the Openrisc and OR32 architectures has been replaced with support for the OR1K
architecture.

A.3.3.3. Other Binary Tools

The default behaviour of the strings program has changed. Instead of displaying strings only
found in data sections of a program, it will now search all of the program, including the code
sections. The old behaviour can be restored using a new command-line option, --data.

The change was made as a security enhancement because scanning the entire program for
strings does not require any analysis of the program itself. The analysis code might contain
bugs, which could be triggered by specially crafted bogus programs, thus exposing the system

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itself to attack.

The strings utility also has a new command-line option, --include-all-whitespace.

This stops strings from splitting its output when it encounters a carriage return or the line
feed character.

The objcopy utility has a new command-line option, --dump-section. This allows
individually named sections to be extracted from a program and copied into another file.

A.4. CHANGES IN ELFUTILS

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with elfutils 0.163, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this release.

A.4.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of elfutils 0.161 in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 3.1:

The following changes have been introduced in the libdw library:

A new header file, elfutils/known-dwarf.h, has neen added.

The preliminary DWARF5 constants (DW_TAG_atomic_type, DW_LANG_Fortran03, and

DW_LANG_Fortran08) have been added to the elfutils/dwarf.h header file.

The dwarf_peel_type () function now also handles the DW_TAG_atomic_type

constant.

The following changes and improvements have been introduced in the eu-addr2line tool:

Input addresses are now always interpreted as hexadecimal numbers, never as octal or
decimal numbers.

A new option, -a or --addresses, has been added for printing addresses before each
entry.

A new option, -C or --demangle, has been added for showing demangled symbols.

A new option, --pretty-print, has been added for printing all information on one line.

A.5. CHANGES IN DWZ

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with dwz 0.12, which provides the following bug fix over
the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous version of Red Hat
Developer Toolset.

A.5.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.2
The following bug has been fixed since the release of dwz in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 and
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2:

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The bug which resulted in the possibility of dwz producing binaries or shared libraries with
unaligned non-allocated ELF sections has been fixed.

A.6. CHANGES IN GDB

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with GDB 7.10, which provides a number of bug fixes and
improvements over the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system version and the version included in the
previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this
release.

A.6.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of GDB in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1:

New Features

GDB now honors the content of the /proc/PID/coredump_filter file (PID is the process
ID). This file can be used to specify the types of memory mappings that will be included in a
corefile. For more information, please see the core(5) manual page.

GDB also has a new command: set use-coredump-filter on|off. It allows to set
whether GDB reads the content of the /proc/PID/coredump_filter file when generating a
corefile.

The info os command can now be used to display information about CPUs. Run info os
cpus to list all CPUs and cores on the system.

The info source command can now be used to display the producer string (if it was included
in the debugging information). The string usually contains the compiler version and command-
line arguments.

Directory names supplied to the set sysroot commands may be prefixed with target: to
instruct GDB to access shared libraries from the target system, regardless of whether it is local
or remote. This replaces the remote: prefix. The default system root has been changed from
"" (empty) to target:. For backward compatibility, remote: is automatically converted to
target:.

The system root specified by the set sysroot command is prepended to the filename of the
main executable (if reported to GDB as absolute by the operating system) when starting
processes remotely and when attaching to already-running local or remote processes.

GDB now supports automatic location and retrieval of executable files from remote targets.
Remote debugging can now be initiated using only the target remote or target
extended-remote commands (no set sysroot or file commands are required). See also
the section called “New Remote Packets” below.

Support for the Verilog hexadecimal format has been added to the dump command.

GDB and gdbserver are now able to access executable and shared library files without the set
sysroot command when attaching to processes running in different mount namespaces from
the debugger. This makes it possible to attach to processes in containers as simply as gdb -
p PID or gdbserver --attach PID. See also the section called “New Remote Packets”
below.

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Support for completion for all of the available register groups, including target-specific groups,
has been added to the tui reg command.

The size of GDB's command history is no longer determined by reading the HISTSIZE
environment variable. Instead, the dedicated GDBHISTSIZE environment variable is now used.
To disable truncation of command history, set GDBHISTSIZE to -1 or leave it empty. Non-
numeric values are ignored.

Support for fork events on extended-remote Linux targets has been added. This makes it
possible to use the follow-fork-mode and detach-on-fork options on targets with Linux
kernels 2.5.60 and higher for both the fork and vfork calls, as well as fork and vfork
catchpoints.

Using new gdbfeatures (fork-events and vfork-events), the qSupported packet

allows GDB to request support for fork and vfork events, and the qSupported response
can contain the corresponding stubfeatures. Standard set and show commands can be
used to set and display whether these features are enabled.

The info record command now displays the format of the recording and when the btrace
record target is used, it also shows the branch-tracing configuration for the current thread. In
case of the BTS format, the command displays the ring buffer size.

Support for DTrace USDT (Userland Static Defined Tracing) probes has been added.

GDB now supports the compilation and injection of source code into the inferior. GDB will use
GCC 5.0 or higher built with libcc1.so to compile the source code to object code, and if
successful, inject and execute that code within the current context of the inferior. Currently,
the C language is supported. The commands used for interfacing with this new feature are:

compile code [-raw|-r] [--] [source code]

compile file [-raw|-r] filename

The dll-symbols command and its two aliases ( add-shared-symbol-files and assf)
have been removed. Use the sharedlibrary command or its alias share instead.

On resume, GDB now always passes the signal the program had stopped for to the thread the
signal was sent to, even if the user changed threads before resuming. Previously, GDB would
often (but not always) deliver the signal to the thread that happened to be current at resume
time.

Conversely, the signal command now consistently delivers the requested signal to the
current thread. GDB now asks for confirmation if the program had stopped for a signal, and the
user switched threads meanwhile.

The off and auto states of the breakpoint always-inserted mode have been merged
into one. Now, when the breakpoint always-inserted mode is set to off, GDB does not
remove breakpoints from the target until all threads stop, even in non-stop mode. The auto
mode has been removed, and off is now the default mode.

The --xdb command-line option (HP-UX XDB compatibility mode) has been removed.

New Remote Packets

A number of new remote packets have been added. See Table A.1, “New Remote Packets” for a
complete list.

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Table A.1. New Remote Packets

Remote Packet Description

qXfer:btrace-conf:read Return the branch-trace configuration for the current thread.

Qbtrace-conf:bts:size Set the requested ring-buffer size for branch tracing in the BTS
format.

swbreak stop reason Indicates a memory breakpoint instruction was executed, irrespective
of whether it was GDB that planted the breakpoint or the breakpoint
was hardcoded in the program. This is required for correct non-stop
mode operation.

hwbreak stop reason Indicates the target stopped for a hardware breakpoint. This is
required for correct non-stop mode operation.

vFile:fstat: Return information about files on the remote system.

qXfer:exec-file:read Return the full absolute name of the file that was executed to create
a process running on the remote system.

vFile:setfs: Select the file system on which vFile: operations with file name
arguments will operate. This is required for GDB to be able to access
files on remote targets where the remote stub does not share a
common file system with the inferior(s).

fork stop reason Indicates that a fork system call was executed.

vfork stop reason Indicates that a vfork system call was executed.

vforkdone stop reason Indicates that a vfork child of the specified process has executed an
exec or exit function, allowing the vfork parent to resume
execution.

Python Scripting Support

Python scripting support has been improved:

Objects of the gdb.Objfile class have a new attribute, username, which is the user-
specified name of the objfile.

Support for writing frame unwinders in Python has been added.

A new method, optimized_out, has been added to gdb.Type objects. It is used for returning
the optimized out gdb.Value instance of this type.

New methods, reference_value and const_value, have been added to gdb.Value

objects. They are used to return a reference to the value and the const version of the value,
respectively.

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Auto-loading of Python scripts contained in the .debug_gdb_scripts special section is now

supported.

Xmethods can now specify the type of the result.

You can now access frame registers from Python scripts.

The producer attribute for gdb.Symtab objects has been added.

The progspace attribute for gdb.Objfile objects has been added. It is the
gdb.Progspace object of the containing program space.

The owner attribute for gdb.Objfile objects has been added.

The build_id attribute for gdb.Objfile objects has been added. It is the build ID generated
when the file was built.

The add_separate_debug_file method has been added to gdb.Objfile objects.

A new event, gdb.clear_objfiles, has been added. It is triggered when a new file for
debugging is selected.

You can now add attributes to gdb.Objfile and gdb.Progspace objects.

A new function, gdb.lookup_objfile, has been added.

The following new events are triggered when the state of the inferior is modified by GDB.

gdb.events.inferior_call_pre
Function call is about to be made.

gdb.events.inferior_call_post
Function call has just been made.

gdb.events.memory_changed
A memory location has been altered.

gdb.events.register_changed
A register has been altered.

The following new Python-based convenience functions have been added.

$_caller_is(name [, number_of_frames])

$_caller_matches(regexp [, number_of_frames])

$_any_caller_is(name [, number_of_frames])

$_any_caller_matches(regexp [, number_of_frames])

New Commands
The following new commands have been added:

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set serial parity odd|even|none, show serial parity

Set or show parity for remote serial I/O.

maint print symbol-cache

Print the contents of the symbol cache.

maint print symbol-cache-statistics

Print statistics of symbol cache usage.

maint flush-symbol-cache
Flush the contents of the symbol cache.

record btrace bts, record bts

Begin branch-trace recording using the Branch Trace Store (BTS) format.

tui enable, tui disable

Enable or and disable the TUI (Text User Interface) mode.

set mpx bound, show mpx bound

Investigate bound tables in Intel(R) MPX-enabled applications.

maint info btrace

Display information about branch-tracing internals.

maint btrace packet-history

Display raw branch-tracing data.

maint btrace clear-packet-history

Discard stored raw branch-tracing data.

maint btrace clear

Discard all branch-tracing data. The next invocation of the record command will fetch and process
it again.

demangle [-l language] [--] name

Demangle name in the specified language or the current language if the parameter is omitted. This
command replaces the renamed maint demangle command. The old command name is kept as a
no-op command to avoid maint demangle being interpreted as maint demangler-warning.

queue-signal signal-name-or-number
Queue a signal to be delivered to the thread when it is resumed.

maint print user-registers

Display all currently available user registers.

compile code [-r|-raw] [--] [source code]

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Compile, inject, and execute in the inferior the executable object code produced by compiling the
provided source code.

compile [file -r|-raw] filename

Compile and inject into the inferior the executable object code produced by compiling the source
code stored in the filename provided.

compile print
Evaluate an expression using the compiler and display the result.

New Options
The following new options have been added:

set debug dwarf-die, show debug dwarf-die

Renamed from set debug dwarf2-die and show debug dwarf2-die respectively.

set debug dwarf-read, show debug dwarf-read

Renamed from set debug dwarf2-read and show debug dwarf2-read respectively.

maint set dwarf always-disassemble, maint show dwarf always-disassemble

Renamed from maint set dwarf2 always-disassemble and maint show dwarf2
always-disassemble respectively.

maint set dwarf max-cache-age, maint show dwarf max-cache-age

Renamed from maint set dwarf2 max-cache-age and maint show dwarf2 max-cache-
age respectively.

set debug dwarf-line, show debug dwarf-line

Control display of debugging info regarding DWARF line processing.

set max-completions, show max-completions

Set the maximum number of candidates to be considered during completion. The default value is
200. This limit allows GDB to avoid generating large completion lists, the computation of which can
cause the debugger to become temporarily unresponsive.

set history remove-duplicates, show history remove-duplicates

Control the removal of duplicate history entries.

maint set symbol-cache-size, maint show symbol-cache-size

Control the size of the symbol cache.

set record btrace bts buffer-size, show record btrace bts buffer-size
Set and show the size of the ring buffer used for branch tracing in the BTS format. The obtained size
may differ from the requested size. To see the obtained buffer size, use the info record
command.

set debug linux-namespaces, show debug linux-namespaces

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Control display of debugging info regarding Linux namespaces.

set debug symbol-lookup, show debug symbol-lookup

Control display of debugging info regarding symbol lookup.

The thread apply all command now supports a new option, -ascending, for calling its specified
command for all threads in an ascending order.

Change in the Machine Interface Interpreter (GDB/MI)

The following change has been made the GDB/MI.

The -list-thread-groups command outputs an exit-code field for inferiors that have
exited.

A.7. CHANGES IN STRACE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with strace 4.10, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous
version of Red Hat Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this release.

A.7.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.7 and 7.2
The following improvements have been added since the release of strace in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 3.1 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7 and 7.2:

An experimental option, -k, has been added, which prints the execution stack trace of traced
processes after each system call.

A new option, -w, has been added, which produces statistics on the differences between the
start and end of every system call.

A new option, -yy, has been added to print protocol and address information associated with
socket file descriptors.

The -e read=set and -e write=set options have been extended to cover the following
system calls: sendmsg, recvmsg, sendmmsg, and recvmmsg.

Full decoding of 64-bit capability sets has been implemented.

Support for the Bionic and musl standard C libraries has been improved.

Tracing of x86 personality processes has been improved.

The decoding of the following system calls has been implemented: add_key, getrandom,
ioprio_get, ioprio_set, kexec_load, keyctl, renameat2, request_key, and seccomp.

The decoding of the select, pselect, and io_submit system calls has been made more
robust.

The decoding of the following system calls has been improved: delete_module,
fanotify_init, fanotify_mark, fcntl, getsockopt, setdomainname, sethostname,
setns, setsockopt, sync_file_range, and sysinfo.

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The socket decoder has been enhanced to support Bluetooth sockets.

The decoding of the following has been implemented:

all prctl commands

parametrized ioctl commands

evdev ioctl commands

v4l ioctl commands

SG_IO v4 ioctl commands

FIFREEZE, FITHAW, FITRIM ioctl commands

FALLOC_FL_* fallocate flags

rt_sigreturn signal mask

The decoding of the following has been improved:

signal bitmasks

file descriptors

the siginfo_t data structure

the PF_NETLINK preprocessor macro

unlisted ioctl commands

the cmsghdr struct

the wait status

The CAP_*, CLOCK_*, PR_*, PTRACE_*, SCHED_*, SO_*, SOL_*, SWAP_FLAG_*, and TFD_*
constants have been updated.

New system call entries have been added to match Linux 3.19.

Lists of signal constants, errno constants, and ioctl commands have been updated from Linux
3.19.

The test that required a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 kernel has been disabled.

A.8. CHANGES IN LTRACE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with ltrace 0.7.91. While the base version of ltrace
remains the same as in the previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset, various bug fixes have been
ported. Below is a list of the most important bug fixes in this release.

A.8.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 and Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7.2

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The following bugs have been fixed since the release of ltrace in Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 and
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2:

In configuration files, the user may now put a space between an indentifier and a following
open parenthesis.

The ltrace test suite now works correctly regardless of any installed ltrace.conf
configuration file or other environmental effects.

A.9. CHANGES IN SYSTEMTAP

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with SystemTap 2.8, which provides a number of bug
fixes and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a list of new features in this release.

A.9.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of SystemTap included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 3.1:

Documentation has been improved, including manual pages and cross references.

Diagnostics have been improved. The output is now colorized.

Namespace-aware identifier lookup functions have been added to the tapset library.

Golang support has been improved.

String passing has been optimized.

Functions in the tapset library now support address-to-file:line mapping.

System-call probes in the tapset have been improved, especially the non-DWARF
nd_syscall variants.

NOTE

Incompatibility problems with old scripts can be resolved using the backward-
compatibility option, --compatible version, where version is the version of
SystemTap for which the script was written.

A.10. CHANGES IN OPROFILE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 is distributed with OProfile 1.1.0, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a list of new features in this release.

A.10.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1

The following features have been added since the release of OProfile included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 3.1:

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The deprecated opcontrol and oprof_start commands have been removed from OProfile
1.1.0. The operf command should be used in their place. The opreport command is still used
to analyze data stored in the oprofile_data/ directory by operf.

Support for new Intel processors, such as 6th Generation Intel Core Processors, Intel Xeon
Processor D, and Airmont, has been added.

Fixes have been included to avoid dropping samples from Java programs using Just-In-Time
(JIT) translation due to use of anonymous hugepages and changes in the anonymous page
mappings.

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APPENDIX B. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.1

The sections below document features and compatibility changes introduced in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.1.

B.1. CHANGES IN ECLIPSE

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with Eclipse 4.5.2 and other plugins from the Mars
release train, which provides a number of bug fixes and feature enhancements over the version
included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous version of Red Hat Developer Toolset.

This section contains a comprehensive list of new features and compatibility changes in this release.
For details on how to use these new features, refer to the built-in Eclipse documentation.

B.1.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

A new component, Eclipse TM Terminal, has been added. It is a small, re-usable component for
terminal emulation and remote access.

A new component, Eclipse Dynamic Languages Toolkit , has been added. It is a comprehensive
Ruby, TCL, and Shell script IDE with features including code running and debugging, auto-
completion, outlining, support for executing unit tests and graphically presenting the results,
and others.

The Eclipse Platform has been updated from version 4.5.0 to 4.5.2. As this is a bugfix release,
it does not contains new features, only bug fixes and optimizations, including the following:

The SWT GTK+3 back end (used by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7) has been
optimized for performance.

SWT has gained better compatibility with GTK+ 3.14 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2) and
features drawing fixes and other improvements.

The Java formatter has been significantly improved.

The stability and behavior of Drag'n'Drop operations has been improved.

Eclipse CDT (C and C++ Development Tooling) has been updated from version 8.7 to 8.8.1. This
release includes a number of enhancements, including the following:

Memory views have been improved, including support for Find/Replace and Add
Watchpoint.

The readability of the Dissassembly view has been improved.

Support for user-defined literals has added.

The Mylyn task-management subsystem has been updated from version 3.16 to 3.18. This new
release includes the following changes:

The Task list view has been improved.

The saving and restoring of breakpoints in the task context is now supported.

The Eclipse Linux Tools plug-in collection has been updated from version 3.2 to 4.0. This
major release includes significant changes, such as:

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A new subcomponent, the Vagrant plugin, has been added. The plugin supports interaction
with Vagrant boxes and virtual machines.

The Docker plugin gained support for searching the Docker registry for images and for
running images directly. The plugin now also includes a full-featured interactive shell
support.

The OProfile plugin has gained support for the ocount tool.

The RPM plugin has gained support for weak dependencies ( Suggests and Recommends).

Manual pages are browsable and searchable through the Eclipse Help system.

EGit, a Git integration plug-in for Eclipse, and JGit, a Java library implementing Git, have been
updated from version 4.0.1 to 4.2.0. This update includes:

Basic support for push certificates has been added.

Performance has been improved by making use of the Java NIO (Non-blocking I/O).

Support for the Remote [Add|List|Remove] Command has been added to the JGit API.

Support for the gitflow model has been improved.

The Staging view now supports submodule repositories.

The Eclipse PyDev development environment for Python has been updated from version 4.1.0
to 4.5.4. This release includes a number of changes, such as:

The debugger has been improved significantly.

The PyDev Package Explorer has been improved to provide more information when all
elements are filtered.

Code completion has been improved.

A new Python search page has been added, and the search backend is now backed by the
Lucene engine.

The Eclipse PTP (Parallel Tools Platform) has been updated from version 4.1.0 to 4.5.4.

B.2. CHANGES IN BINUTILS

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with binutils 2.25.1, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous
version of Red Hat Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this release.

B.2.1. Changes Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8

The following features have been added since the release of binutils in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8:

The GNU assembler (as), GNU linker (ld), and other binary tools that are part of binutils are now
released under the GNU General Public License, version 3.

B.2.1.1. GNU Linker

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Another ELF linker, gold, is now available in addition to ld, the existing GNU linker. gold is intended
to be a drop-in replacement for ld, so ld's documentation is intended to be the reference
documentation. gold supports most of ld's features, except notable ones such as MRI-compatible
linker scripts, cross-reference reports (--cref), and various other minor options. It also provides
significantly improved link time with very large C++ applications.

In Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1, the gold linker is not enabled by default. Users can explicitly switch
between ld and gold by using the alternatives mechanism.

B.2.1.1.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.8:

A new INPUT_SECTION_FLAGS keyword has been added to the linker script language. This
keyword can be used to select input sections by section header flags.

A new SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY keyword has been added to the linker script language. This
keyword can be used to sort sections by numerical value of the GCC init_priority
attribute encoded in the section name.

A new SORT_NONE keyword has been added to the linker script language. This keyword can be
used to disable section sorting.

A new linker-provided symbol, __ehdr_start, has been added. When producing ELF output,
this symbol points to the ELF file header (and nearby program headers) in the program's
memory image.

B.2.1.1.2. Compatibility Changes

The following compatibility changes have been made since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.8:

The --copy-dt-needed-entries command line option is no longer enabled by default.

Instead, --no-copy-dt-needed-entries is now the default option.

Evaluation of linker script expressions has been significantly improved. Note that this can
negatively affect scripts that rely on undocumented behavior of the old expression evaluation.

B.2.1.2. GNU Assembler

B.2.1.2.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.8:

The GNU Assembler no longer requires double ampersands in macros.

A new --compress-debug-sections command line option has been added to enable

compression of DWARF debug information sections in the relocatable output file. Compressed
debug sections are currently supported by the readelf, objdump, and gold tools, but not by
ld.

Support for .bundle_align_mode, .bundle_lock, and .bundle_unlock directives for

x86 targets has been added..

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On x86 architectures, the GNU Assembler now allows rep bsf, rep bsr, and rep ret
syntax.

B.2.1.3. Other Binary Tools

B.2.1.3.1. New Features

The following features have been added since the release of binutils included in Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6.8:

The readelf and objdump tools can now display the contents of the .debug.macro
sections.

New --dwarf-start and --dwarf-end command line options have been added to the
readelf and objdump tools. These options are used by the new Emacs mode (see the
dwarf-mode.el file).

A new --interleave-width command line option has been added to the objcopy tool to
allow the use of the --interleave to copy a range of bytes from the input to the output.

A new --dyn-syms command line option has been added to the readelf tool. This option can
be used to dump dynamic symbol table.

A new tool, elfedit, has been added to binutils. This tool can be used to directly manipulate
ELF format binaries.

A new command line option --addresses (or -a for short) has been added to the
addr2line tool. This option can be used to display addresses before function and source file
names.

A new command line option --pretty-print (or -p for short) has been added to the
addr2line tool. This option can be used to produce human-readable output.

Support for dwz -m optimized debug information has been added.

The devtoolset-2-binutils-devel package now provides the demangle.h header file.

B.2.2. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following features have been added since the release of binutils in Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0:

Improved security achieved through more intensive checking of the integrity of the binary files
examined by the binutils tools. Therefore, it is much harder to make these tools crash or to
attempt to read memory that does not belong to them.

B.3. CHANGES IN ELFUTILS

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with elfutils 0.166, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this release.

B.3.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following features have been added since the release of elfutils in Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0:

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 APPENDIX B. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.1

Support for compressed ELF sections has been added.

A new utility, eu-elfcompress, is used to compress or decompress ELF sections. The

eu-readelf utility now has a new option, -z or --decompress, to show compressed
headers and data.

The libelf library now supports various new functions, including elf_compress,
elf_compress_gnu, elf32_getchdr, elf64_getchdr, and gelf_getchdr.

The libdw library now supports a new function, dwelf_scn_gnu_compressed_size.

pkg-config files for the libelf and libdw libraries are now available.

The eu-strip and eu-unstrip tools are now capable of handling ELF files with merged
strtab and shstrtab tables and handling missing SHF_INFO_LINK section flags.

The dwfl_standard_find_debuginfo function now searches subdirectories of the binary

path under the debuginfo root when the separate debug file cannot be found by build-id.

The dwfl_linux_proc_attach function can now be called before any Dwfl_Modules have
been reported.

B.4. CHANGES IN GDB

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with GDB 7.11, which provides a number of bug fixes and
improvements over the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system version and the version included in the
previous release of Red Hat Developer Toolset. Below is a comprehensive list of new features in this
release.

B.4.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following features have been added since the release of GDB in Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0:

New Features

Thread numbers are now per-inferior instead of global. When debugging multiple inferiors,
GDB now displays thread IDs using a qualified INF_NUM.THR_NUM form. For example:

(gdb) info threads

Id Target Id Frame
1.1 Thread 0x7ffff7fc2740 (LWP 8155) (running)
1.2 Thread 0x7ffff7fc1700 (LWP 8168) (running)
* 2.1 Thread 0x7ffff7fc2740 (LWP 8157) (running)
2.2 Thread 0x7ffff7fc1700 (LWP 8190) (running)

As consequence, thread numbers visible in the $_thread convenience variable and in

Python's InferiorThread.num attribute are no longer unique between inferiors.

GDB now maintains a second thread ID per thread, referred to as the global thread ID, which is
the new equivalent of thread numbers in previous releases. See below for $_gthread.

For backwards compatibility, thread IDs of the Machine Interpreter (MI) always refer to global
IDs.

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Commands that accept thread IDs now accept the qualified INF_NUM.THR_NUM form as well.
For example:

(gdb) thread 2.1

[Switching to thread 2.1 (Thread 0x7ffff7fc2740 (LWP 8157))]
(running)
(gdb)

In commands that accept a list of thread IDs, it is now possible to refer to all threads of an
inferior using a star wildcard. GDB accepts INF_NUM.*, to refer to all threads of inferior
INF_NUM, and * to refer to all threads of the current inferior. For example, info threads
2.*.

You can use the info threads -gid command to display the global thread ID of all threads.

The new $_gthread convenience variable holds the global number of the current thread.

The new $_inferior convenience variable holds the number of the current inferior.

For multi-threaded programs, GDB now displays the ID and the name of the thread that hit a
breakpoint or received a signal. For example:

Thread 3 "bar" hit Breakpoint 1 at 0x40087a: file program.c, line

20.
Thread 1 "main" received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.

GDB now allows users to specify explicit locations, bypassing the linespec parser. This feature
is also available to GDB/MI clients.

The following commands now list corresponding items in ascending ID order to maintain
consistency with all other info commands: info threads, info inferiors, info
display, info checkpoints, and maint info program-spaces.

In the Ada programming language, the overloads selection menu has been enhanced to display
the parameter types and the return types for the matching overloaded subprograms.

Support has been added for thread names in the remote protocol. The reply to
qXfer:threads:read may now include a name attribute for each thread.

GDB now has support for fork and exec events on remote-mode Linux targets. This enables
follow-fork-mode, detach-on-fork, and follow-exec-mode modes and fork and exec
catchpoints.

New Commands
The following new commands have been added:

maint set target-non-stop [on|off|auto], maint show target-non-stop

Controls whether GDB targets always operate in non-stop mode even if set non-stop is set to
off. The default is auto, which means non-stop mode is enabled if it is supported by the target.

maint set bfd-sharing, maint show bfd-sharing

Controls whether bfd objects can be used more than once.

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 APPENDIX B. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.1

set debug bfd-cache, show debug bfd-cache

Controls whether debugging information regarding bfd caching is displayed.

set remote multiprocess-extensions-packet, show remote multiprocess-

extensions-packet
Controls the use of remote protocol multiprocess extensions.

set remote thread-events, show remote thread-events

Controls the use of thread create and exit events.

set ada print-signatures on|off, show ada print-signatures

Controls the display of parameter types and return types in overloads selection menus. By default,
this option is active (on).

set max-value-size, show max-value-size

Controls the maximum number of bytes of memory that GDB is allowed to allocate for value
contents. The option prevents GDB from allocating overly large buffers by accessing inconsistent
data of a debugged program. The default amount is 64 kB.

set remote exec-event-feature-packet, show remote exec-event-feature-packet

GDB now has support for exec events on extended-remote Linux targets. This enables follow-
exec-mode mode and exec catchpoints. The commands control the use of the remote exec event
feature.

set remote catch-syscall-packet, show remote catch-syscall-packet

GDB now has support for catching system calls on remote Linux targets. The commands control the
use of the feature.

The following commands have been enhanced:

The disassemble command now accepts a new modifier: /s. When the modifier is used, the
command prints mixed source code and disassembly similarly to the /m modifier. There are
two differences: disassembled instructions are now printed in program order, and source for all
relevant files is now printed. The /m option is now considered deprecated because its "source-
centric" output has not proven useful in practice.

The record instruction-history command now accepts a new modifier: /s. The option
behaves exactly like the /m modifier and prints mixed source code and disassembly.

The set scheduler-locking command now supports a new option, replay. When
set scheduler-locking replay is used, it behaves like off in record mode and like on in
replay mode.

New Remote Packets

A number of new remote packets have been added. See Table B.1, “New Remote Packets” for a
complete list.

Table B.1. New Remote Packets

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Remote Packet Description

exec stop reason Serves as an indicator that an exec system call was executed.

exec-events feature in Using the qSupported packet, support for exec events can be
qSupported requested by GDB using the new gdbfeature exec event. The
qSupported response can contain the corresponding
stubfeature . Use appropriate set and show commands to enable
these features and display the current setting.

vCtrlC An equivalent to interrupting with the ^C character, but it works in

non-stop mode.

thread created stop Indicates that the thread has just been created and is stopped at
reason entry.

thread exit stop reply Indicates that the thread has terminated.

QThreadEvents Enables or disables thread create and exit event reporting. For
example, this is used in non-stop mode when GDB stops a set of
threads and synchronously waits for the their corresponding stop
replies. Without exit events, if one of the threads exits, GDB would
wait forever not knowing that it should no longer expect a stop for
that same thread.

N stop reply Indicates that there are no resumed threads left in the target (all
threads are stopped). The remote stub reports support for this stop
reply to the qSupported query by GDB.

QCatchSyscalls Enables or disables catching system calls from the inferior process.
The remote stub reports support for this packet to the qSupported
query of GDB.

syscall_entry stop Indicates that a system call was just called.

reason

syscall_return stop Indicates that a system call just returned.

reason

Python Scripting Support

Python scripting support has been improved:

gdb.InferiorThread objects now have a new attribute, global_num, which refers to the
global thread ID. The existing num attribute now refers to the per-inferior number of the
thread. See per-inferior thread numbers: the section called “New Features” .

gdb.InferiorThread objects now have a new attribute, inferior, which is the Inferior
object the thread belongs to.

Change in the Machine Interface Interpreter (GDB/MI)

The following change has been made the GDB/MI.

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 APPENDIX B. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.1

The -var-set-format command has been enhanced to support input in zero-hexadecimal

format. The output of the command is in the hexadecimal format with zero-padding on the left.

B.5. CHANGES IN SYSTEMTAP

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with SystemTap 2.9, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a list of new features in this release.

B.5.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following features have been added since the release of SystemTap included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.0:

The manual pages have been improved and are now more complete.

The support for kernel backtraces without debuginfo has been improved.

Debuginfo-related diagnostics have been improved.

The amount of memory used by the translator has been reduced.

Code generated by the tool now performs better.

NOTE

Incompatibility problems with old scripts can be resolved using the backward-
compatibility option, --compatible version, where version is the version of
SystemTap for which the script was written.

B.6. CHANGES IN DYNINST

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with dyninst 9.1.0, which provides a number of bug fixes
and feature enhancements over the version included in the previous release of Red Hat
Developer Toolset. Below is a list of new features in this release.

B.6.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following features have been added since the release of dyninst included in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.0:

The new StackMod class now modifies the stack frame of the BPatch_function function.

Dyninst now has a defensive mode for analyzing malware patterns.

Gap parsing now uses machine learning to find function boundaries in a compiler-agnostic way.

SymtabAPI library now provides information about inline functions.

The ParseAPI, PatchAPI, and BPatch now represent loops.

The ProcControl and SymtabAPI libraries now support thread-local storage (TLS).

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BPatch_object and BPatch_module are now used consistently for whole binaries and
compilation units, respectively. Previously, a shared library was represented as
BPatch_object and one monolithic BPatch_module.

The BPatch library callbacks now provide BPatch_object.

B.7. CHANGES IN VALGRIND

Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 is distributed with Valgrind 3.11.0, which provides a number of bug fixes
and enhancements over the version included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and the previous version of
Red Hat Developer Toolset.

B.7.1. Changes Since Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0

The following bugs fixes and enhancements have been added since the release of Valgrind in Red Hat
Developer Toolset 4.0:

The register allocator of the JIT (just-in-time) compiler is now significantly faster, making the
JIT as a whole faster. so JIT-intensive activities, for example, program start, are faster by
approximately 5%.

Support for the Intel AVX2 extensions is now more complete (on 64-bit targets only). On
AVX2-capable hosts, the simulated CPUID now indicates AVX2 support.

The default value for the --smc-check option has been changed from stack to all-non-
file on targets that provide automatic D-I cache coherence (AMD64 and IBM S/390). The
result is to provide, by default, transparent support for JIT-generated and self-modifying code
on all targets.

Valgrind now tries to automatically intercept user-defined alternate malloc and new
allocator functions as if the program used the normal system (glibc) allocator. This makes it
possible to use memory-tracing tools, such as Memcheck, on such programs out of the box. To
only intercept malloc and new-related functions in system libraries, use the --soname-
synonyms=somalloc=nouserintercepts option (where nouserintercepts can be any non-
existing library name).

The following enhancements have been added to the Memcheck component of Valgrind:

The default value for the --leak-check-heuristics option has been changed from
none to all. This helps to reduce the number of possibly lost blocks, in particular for C++
applications.

The default value for the --keep-stacktraces has been changed from malloc-then-
free to malloc-and-free. This has a small cost in memory (one word per malloc-ed
block), but it allows Memcheck to show the three stacktraces of a dangling reference:
where the block was allocated, where it was freed, and where it is acccessed after being
freed.

The default value for --partial-loads-ok option has been changed from no to yes, so
as to avoid false positive errors resulting from some kinds of vectorised loops.

A new monitor command, xb addr len, shows the validity bits of len bytes at addr. The
xb monitor command is easier to use than get_vbits when you need to associate byte
data value with their corresponding validity bits.

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 APPENDIX B. CHANGES IN VERSION 4.1

The block_list monitor command has been enhanced:

It can now print a range of loss records.

It now accepts an optional argument, limited max_blocks to control the number of

blocks printed.

If a block has been found using a heuristic, then block_list now shows the heuristic
after the block size.

The loss records or blocks to be printed can be limited to the blocks found via
specified heuristics.

A new command line option, --expensive-definedness-checks=yes|no, has been

added. This is useful for avoiding occasional invalid uninitialized-value errors in optimised
code. Runtime degradation can be an issue because it can amount up to 25%. The
slowdown is application-specific. The default setting is no.

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APPENDIX C. REVISION HISTORY

Revision 0.0-37 Tue 24 May 2016 Robert Krátký
Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.1 User Guide.

Revision 0.0-33 Fri 13 Nov 2015 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 User Guide.

Revision 0.0-29 Wed 4 Nov 2015 Robert Krátký

Re-release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 Beta User Guide with a section on docker-formatted container images.

Revision 0.0-28 Wed 14 Oct 2015 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 4.0 Beta User Guide.

Revision 0.0-25 Thu 4 June 2015 Robert Krátký

Update to reflect RHSCL 2.0 GA.

Revision 0.0-23 Thu 23 Apr 2015 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 User Guide.

Revision 0.0-17 Tue 10 Mar 2015 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.1 Beta User Guide.

Revision 0.0-16 Thu 13 Nov 2014 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.0 User Guide with minor post-GA fixes.

Revision 0.0-14 Thu 30 Oct 2014 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.0 User Guide.

Revision 0.0-10 Tue 07 Oct 2014 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.0 Beta-2 User Guide.

Revision 0.0-8 Tue Sep 09 2014 Robert Krátký

Release of Red Hat Developer Toolset 3.0 Beta-1 User Guide.

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 INDEX

INDEX
A
addr2line
features, New Features, New Features
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

ar
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

as (see GNU assembler)

assembling (see GNU assembler)

B
binutils
documentation, Additional Resources
features, Main Features
installation, Installing binutils
overview, binutils
usage, Using the GNU Assembler , Using the GNU Linker , Using Other Binary Tools
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, binutils

C
C programming language
compiling, Using the C Compiler , Preparing a Program for Debugging
running, Running a C Program
support, GNU C Compiler

C++ programming language

compatibility, C++ Compatibility
compiling, Using the C++ Compiler , Preparing a Program for Debugging
running, Running a C++ Program
support, GNU C++ Compiler

c++filt
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

Cachegrind
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

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User Guide

Callgrind
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

compatibility
Red Hat Developer Toolset, Compatibility

compiling (see GNU Compiler Collection)

D
debugging (see GNU Debugger)
Developer Toolset (see Red Hat Developer Toolset)
documentation
Red Hat Product Documentation, Accessing Red Hat Product Documentation

DRD
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

dwp
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

dwz
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing dwz
overview, dwz
usage, Using dwz
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, dwz

Dyninst
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing Dyninst
overview, Dyninst
usage, Using Dyninst
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, Dyninst

E
Eclipse
configuration, Using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Toolchain
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing Eclipse
overview, Eclipse
usage, Using Eclipse

122
 INDEX

version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, Eclipse

elfedit
features, New Features, New Features
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

elfutils
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing elfutils
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, elfutils

eu-addr2line
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-ar
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-elfcmp
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-elflint
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-findtextrel
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-make-debug-archive
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-nm
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-objdump
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

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User Guide

eu-ranlib
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-readelf
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-size
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-stack
overview, elfutils

eu-strings
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-strip
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

eu-unstrip
overview, elfutils
usage, Using elfutils

F
Fortran programming language
compiling, Using the Fortran Compiler
running, Running a Fortran Program
support, GNU Fortran Compiler

G
g++ (see GNU Compiler Collection)
GAS (see GNU assembler)
GCC (see GNU Compiler Collection)
gcc (see GNU Compiler Collection)
GDB (see GNU Debugger)
gfortran (see GNU Compiler Collection)
Global Support Services
contacting, Contacting Global Support Services

GNU assembler

124
 INDEX

documentation, Additional Resources

installation, Installing binutils
overview, binutils
usage, Using the GNU Assembler

GNU Binutils (see binutils)

GNU Compiler Collection
C support, GNU C Compiler
C++ support, GNU C++ Compiler
documentation, Additional Resources
features, Main Features
Fortran support, GNU Fortran Compiler
installation, Installing the C Compiler , Installing the C++ Compiler , Installing the Fortran
Compiler
overview, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
usage, Using the C Compiler , Using the C++ Compiler , Using the Fortran Compiler , Preparing a
Program for Debugging
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

GNU Debugger
documentation, Additional Resources
features, Main Features
installation, Installing the GNU Debugger
overview, GNU Debugger (GDB)
preparation, Preparing a Program for Debugging
usage, Running the GNU Debugger , Listing Source Code , Setting Breakpoints, Starting
Execution, Displaying Current Values, Continuing Execution
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, GNU Debugger (GDB)

GNU linker
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing binutils
overview, binutils
usage, Using the GNU Linker

gprof
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

GSS (see Global Support Services)

H
Helgrind
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

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help
Global Support Services, Contacting Global Support Services
Red Hat Product Documentation, Accessing Red Hat Product Documentation

L
ld (see GNU linker)
linking (see GNU linker)
ltrace
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing ltrace
overview, ltrace
usage, Using ltrace
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, ltrace

M
Massif
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

Memcheck
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind

memstomp
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing memstomp
overview, memstomp
usage, Using memstomp
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset

N
nm
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

O
objcopy
features, New Features, New Features
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

126
 INDEX

objdump
features, New Features, New Features
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

ocount
overview, OProfile

opannotate
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

oparchive
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

operf
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

opgprof
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

ophelp
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

opimport
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

opjitconv
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

opreport
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile

OProfile
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing OProfile
overview, OProfile
usage, Using OProfile
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, OProfile

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User Guide

oprofiled
overview, OProfile

R
ranlib
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

readelf
features, New Features, New Features
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

Red Hat Developer Toolset

compatibility, Compatibility
Container Images, Using Red Hat Developer Toolset Container Images
Docker, Using Red Hat Developer Toolset Container Images
Docker-formatted container images, Using Red Hat Developer Toolset Container Images
Dockerfiles, Using Red Hat Developer Toolset Container Images
documentation, Additional Resources, Accessing Red Hat Product Documentation
features, Main Features
installation, Installing Red Hat Developer Toolset
overview, About Red Hat Developer Toolset
subscription, Getting Access to Red Hat Developer Toolset
support, About Red Hat Developer Toolset
uninstallation, Uninstalling Red Hat Developer Toolset
update, Updating Red Hat Developer Toolset

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

documentation, Additional Resources, Accessing Red Hat Product Documentation
supported versions, Compatibility

Red Hat Subscription Management

subscription, Using Red Hat Subscription Management

RHN Classic
subscription, Using RHN Classic

S
scl (see Software Collections)
size
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

128
 INDEX

Software Collections
documentation, Additional Resources, Accessing Red Hat Product Documentation
overview, About Red Hat Developer Toolset

stap
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap, Using Dyninst with SystemTap

stap-merge
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap

stap-prep
overview, SystemTap
usage, Installing SystemTap

stap-report
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap

stap-server
overview, SystemTap

stapdyn
overview, SystemTap

staprun
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap

stapsh
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap

strace
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing strace
overview, strace
usage, Using strace
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, strace

strings
overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

strip

129
User Guide

overview, binutils
usage, Using Other Binary Tools

support
Red Hat Developer Toolset, About Red Hat Developer Toolset

SystemTap
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing SystemTap
overview, SystemTap
usage, Using SystemTap, Using Dyninst with SystemTap
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, SystemTap

V
Valgrind
building, Rebuilding Valgrind
documentation, Additional Resources
installation, Installing Valgrind
overview, Valgrind
usage, Using Valgrind
version, About Red Hat Developer Toolset, Valgrind

version
version, memstomp

130