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Step 1: Loading Image: Steps To Perform Up Sampling

The document provides steps to perform image processing tasks in MATLAB. It loads an image, converts it to grayscale, calculates the Fourier transform, shifts the zero frequency component to the center, and reconstructs the image. It also discusses upsampling an array by inserting zeros between elements based on an upsample ratio.

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rafiaahsan
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19 views

Step 1: Loading Image: Steps To Perform Up Sampling

The document provides steps to perform image processing tasks in MATLAB. It loads an image, converts it to grayscale, calculates the Fourier transform, shifts the zero frequency component to the center, and reconstructs the image. It also discusses upsampling an array by inserting zeros between elements based on an upsample ratio.

Uploaded by

rafiaahsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Step 1: Loading image

% First we will be loading imageimg =imread(‘Khabib.jpg’)


figure('Name','Original Image'); imshow(img);

I am using Penguins Image.

Step 2: Converting it into a grayscale image


% Now let's convert into grayscale image
gray_img=rgb2gray(img);
figure('Name','Gray Scale Image'); imshow(gray_img);

Step 3: Get Fourier Coefficients


%Get Fourier Transform of an image
F = fft2(gray_img);
figure('Name','Fourier transform of an image'); imshow(abs(F), []);

Step 4: Shift Zero Frequency Component


%Get the centered spectrum
Fsh = fftshift(F);
figure('Name','Centered fourier transform of Image');
imshow(abs(Fsh), []);

STEPS TO PERFORM UP SAMPLING:


1.      Consider an array A of size 1xM
2.      Obtain the upsample Ratio N
3.      Pre-allocate an array B of size 1x(M*N)
4.      If the index is divisible by N then update the array B with value of A else zero
MATLAB Code:
% First we will be loading image
img=imread('coins.png')
figure('Name','Original Image'); imshow(img)

%Get Fourier Transform of an image


fourier=fft2(img)
figure('Name','Fourier transform of an image');imshow(fourier,[])

%Fourier transform image is not giving any information or detail about


%the original image so that’s why \ zero-frequency component/very low
frequency
%components are shifted towards center of the spectrum.

%Get the centered spectrum


Fsh = fftshift(fourier);
figure('Name','Centered fourier transform of Image'); imshow(Fsh, []);

%reconstruct the Image


ifourier=ifft2(fourier)
figure('Name','Reconstructed Image');imshow(ifourier,[])

img=imread('coins.png')
img(1:2:end)=0
figure,imshow(img)

imshow(I,[]) displays the grayscale image I scaling the display based


on the range of pixel values in I. imshow uses [min(I(:)) max(I(:))] as
the display range, that is, the minimum value in I is displayed as
black, and the maximum value is displayed as white.
Print Command
print("Hello, World!")
Hello, World!

Variable Intalization
y = int(3)
print(y)# y will be 3"
3

z = float(3)
print(z)# z will be 3.0"
3.0

x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Orange
Orange
Orange

Data Type Conversion


x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float\n",
z = 1j # complex\n",
#convert from int to float:
a = float(x)
#convert from float to int:
b = int(y)
#convert from int to complex:
c = complex(x)
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
1.0
2
(1+0j)
<class 'float'>
<class 'int'>
Variable Casting
x = int(1) # x will be 1\n",
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2\n",
print(x)
print(y)
1
2

Strings
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a)
print(a[0])
print(a[1])
Hello, World!
H
e

Condition Statement
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
Five is greater than two!

a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a"),
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
a and b are equal

Operators
x = "Python is "
y = "awesome"
z= x+y
print(z)
Python is awesome

print(10*5)
50
x = 15
y=4
print('x / y =',x/y)
x / y = 3.75

Comparsion Operators in Pythons


x = 10
y = 12
print('x > y is',x>y)
print('x < y is',x<y)
# Output: x == y is False
print('x == y is',x==y)
# Output: x != y is True
print('x != y is',x!=y)
# Output: x >= y is False
print('x >= y is',x>=y)
# Output: x <= y is True
print('x <= y is',x<=y)
x > y is False
x < y is True
x == y is False
x != y is True
x >= y is False
x <= y is True

Logical Operations
x = True
y = False
print('x and y is',x and y)
print('x or y is',x or y)
print('not x is',not x)
x and y is False
x or y is True
not x is False

While loop
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
1
2
3
4
5

For Loop
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
apple
banana
cherry

Range function
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1
(by default), and ends at a specified number.

for x in range(6):
print(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5

Functions
def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")
my_function()
Hello from a function

Global variable
variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above) are known as global
variables

x = "abc"
def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()
Python is abc

Lists
Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


print(thislist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


print(len(thislist))
3

list1 = ["abc", 34, True, 40, "male"]


print(list1[0])
abc

last item in the list

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


#print(thislist[1])
print(thislist[-2])
banana

Arrays
cars = ["Ford", "Volvo", "BMW"]
x=cars[0]
cars[0] = "Toyota"# modify the ist value item
print(cars)
['Toyota', 'Volvo', 'BMW']

import pandas as pd
df=pd.read_csv('play_tennis.csv')

type(df)

df.tail()

df.shape

df.loc[0]
Access 1st three rows
df.loc[0:2]

Access 1st two rows


df.iloc[0:2]

One way to access unique elements is the 'iloc' method, where you can access the 1st row and first column as
follows

df.iloc[0,0:2]

You can access columns with rows as well

df.iloc[0:2,0:2]

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