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Engineering Graphics 10 Development of Surfaces

The document discusses the development of surfaces, which is the process of unfolding three-dimensional objects into flat two-dimensional patterns. It provides examples of different types of developments, including parallel line development for prisms and cylinders, radial line development for cones and pyramids, and triangular development for polyhedrons. The document also outlines engineering applications of developments in sheet metal industries and provides practice problems for developing various solids like pyramids, prisms, and cones.

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Sauman Arshad
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69 views26 pages

Engineering Graphics 10 Development of Surfaces

The document discusses the development of surfaces, which is the process of unfolding three-dimensional objects into flat two-dimensional patterns. It provides examples of different types of developments, including parallel line development for prisms and cylinders, radial line development for cones and pyramids, and triangular development for polyhedrons. The document also outlines engineering applications of developments in sheet metal industries and provides practice problems for developing various solids like pyramids, prisms, and cones.

Uploaded by

Sauman Arshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering

Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan

ME-102
Engineering Graphics

Lecture No: 10
Development of Surfaces

Instructor: Dr. Ahmad Abbas

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering


Outline of the Lecture

❑ Introduction
❑ Applications
❑ Types of developments
❑ Development of cube, prisms, cylinder, cone,
pyramid, tetrahedron etc.

Page 2 of 26
Developments
A development is the unfolded or unrolled,
flat or plane figure of a 3-D object.
-Called a pattern, the plane figure may show the true
size of each area of the object. When the pattern is
cut, it can be rolled or folded back into the original
object.

Page 3 of 26
Development is different……

1. Development is different drawing than


PROJETIONS.
2. It is a shape showing AREA, means it’s a 2-D
plain drawing.
3. Hence all dimensions of it must be TRUE
dimensions.
4. As it is representing shape of an un-folded sheet,
no edges can remain hidden And hence DOTTED
LINES are never shown on development.

Page 4 of 26
ENGINEERING APLICATION:

There are so many products or objects which are


difficult to manufacture by conventional manufacturing
processes, because of their shapes and sizes.
These products are fabricated in sheet metal industry by
using development technique. there is a vast range of such
objects.
EXAMPLES:-
Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels,
Trays, Boxes & Cartons, Feeding Hoppers, Large Pipe
sections, Body & Parts of automotive, Ships, Aeroplanes
and many more.
Page 5 of 26
APLICATIONS……

Boiler Shells Industrial chimneys Shovels

Feeding hoppers
Metal Trays Boxes and cartons
Page 6 of 26
APLICATIONS……

Page 7 of 26
Types of Developments
• Parallel-line Development
• Radial-line Development
• Triangular Development
• Approximate Development

Page 8 of 26
▪ Parallel line development uses parallel lines to
construct the expanded pattern of each three-
dimensional shape. The method divides the surface
into a series of parallel lines to determine the shape of
a pattern. Example: Prism, Cylinder.

Page 9 of 26
▪ Radial line development uses lines radiating from
a central point to construct the expanded pattern of
each three-dimensional shape. Example: Cone,
Pyramid.

Page 10 of 26
▪ Triangular developments are made from polyhedrons,
single curved surfaces, and wrapped surfaces.
Example: Tetrahedron and other polyhedrons.

▪ In approximate development, the shape obtained is only


approximate. After joining, the part is stretched or
distorted to obtain the final shape. Example: Sphere.
Page 11 of 26
Development of a Cube

Top view

Front view

Page 12 of 26
Development of a Prism
Draw the development of the following prism

Page 13 of 26
Development of a Prism

Page 14 of 26
Development of lateral surfaces of different solids.
(Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base)
Cylinder: A Rectangle
Pyramids: (No.of triangles)
Cone: (Sector of circle)

D

D
H= Height D= base diameter

Prisms: No. of Rectangles R=Base circle radius. L= Slant edge.


L=Slant height. S = Edge of base
=
R 3600
L
H

S S H= Height S = Edge of base

Tetrahedron: Four Equilateral Triangles

All sides
equal in length

Page 15 of 26
Development of a Cylinder
Draw the development of a cylinder of 40 mm diameter and 60 mm high

Page 16 of 26
Development of Truncated Cylinder

Page 17 of 26
Development of Hexagonal Prism
Draw the development of a hexagonal prism of base edge 25 mm
and axis 60 mm high

Page 18 of 26
Development of a Cone

Page 19 of 26
Development of Cone
Radius, R = 20mm
Slant edge length, L = 100mm
Circumference, 2πR = 2 x 3.14 x 20
= 125.71 mm
Now angle (θ) of arc for cone

For development:
S=rxθ
(here r = L, S= 2 πR)

θ = S/r = 125.71/100 = 1.2571 radians R


= 3600
θ = 1.2571 x (180/3.14) = 72 degrees L

Page 20 of 26
Development of Cone

Page 21 of 26
FRUSTUMS
DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF
FRUSTUM OF CONE FRUSTUM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
Base side

Top side

=
R 3600
L

R= Base circle radius of cone


L= Slant height of cone L= Slant edge of pyramid
L1 = Slant height of cut part. L1 = Slant edge of cut part.

Page 22 of 26
Practice Problem (Pyramid)

(Self Study)
Page 23 of 26
Practice Problem (Truncated Prism)

(Self Study)
Page 24 of 26
Practice Problem (Truncated Cone)

(Self Study)

Page 25 of 26
End of Lecture 10
Join interactive session through
MS Teams for Questions

26

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