Submitted to : Mam Asma Mehmood

Submitted by: Shanza Tahir

Roll # 155
Date: 12th May, 2020
Assignment : English
Department: Biochemistry
Session : 2019-23
BS 2nd Semester
 Assignment#1
Q#1:-
Write a paragraph on topic:-
“The impact of COVID-19 on our lives”

The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global health calamity
of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd
World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in
Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was named by the World Health Organization
as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). A new class of corona virus, known as
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been found to
be responsible for occurrence of this disease. As far as the history of human
civilization is concerned there are instances of severe outbreaks of diseases caused
by a number of viruses. According to the report of the World Health Organization
(WHO as of April 18 2020), the current outbreak of COVID-19, has affected over
2164111 people and killed more than 146,198 people in more than 200 countries
throughout the world. Till now there is no report of any clinically approved
antiviral drugs or vaccines that are effective against COVID-19. It has rapidly
spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental and
social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is
severely disrupting the global economy. Almost all the nations are struggling to
slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients,
quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large
gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. This paper describes the
impact of COVID-19 on society and global environment, and the possible ways in
which the disease can be controlled has also been discussed therein.
Graphical abstract

The relationship between human health and disease is neither a new concept, nor a
new subject. The emergence COVID-19 in China at the end of 2019 has caused a
large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. This virus is highly
infectious and can be transmitted through droplets and close contact. The human to
the human spreading of the virus occurs due to close contact with an infected
person exposed to coughing, sneezing, respiratory droplets or aerosols . These
aerosols can penetrate the human body (respiratory system) via inhalation through
nose or mouth . The clinical spectrum for individuals with COVID-19 infection
ranges from mild or non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory illness
such as fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, to severe pneumonia with
respiratory failure and septic shock, which are very similar to other coronavirus
diseases . The presenting features of COVID-19 disease in adults are pronounced.
It is a matter of great importance to clarify the correlation between COVID-19 and
immune-rheumatologic patients. Taking into consideration the quick and frantic
spread of the epidemic, health of rheumatic patients is a matter of prime concern.
COVID-19 being a respiratory disease, damage of the tissues of Lungs is quite
obvious, but there is report that other organs and tissues may also be affected.
Since viral shedding in plasma or serum is common in respiratory tract infections,
there is a possibility of transmission of coronaviruses through the transfusion of
labile blood products. COVID-19 is a major public health concern for the world's
population and is a leading cause of hospitalization and death, particularly for
middle and old age people in the affected countries.
Loss of lives due to any pandemic causes definite irretrievable damage to the
society. But apart from this, COVID-19 has severely demobilized the global
economy. In order to restrict further transmission of the disease in the community,
many of the affected countries have decided to undergo complete lock down.
Major international flights and also all types of business transports have been
deferred amid different countries. Due to lockdown all domestic flights, railway
service (except goods trains), bus, truck, and vehicles transports are suspended
with special exemption to those associated with essential commodities. In almost
all the COVID-19 stricken countries, entire educational, commercial, sports and
spiritual institutions are closed. Industries are suffering a lot as many of these
excepting those related to essential amenities, are closed for a long time in many
countries. People belonging to the tourism and transportation industry are also
facing utmost difficulties. Production level has gone very low. Economy of many
so called powerful countries are now facing the threat of high inflation and
increasing unemployment as a result of lack of productivity and excessive
expenditure for the treatment and rehabilitation of the COVID-19 victims and their
families. Lockdown will directly affect the GDP of each country in the major
economics. For each month there will be an approximate loss of 2% points in
annual GDP growth. The tourism sector alone faces an output decrease as high as
50% to 70%. According to World Trade Organization (WTO) and Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have indicated COVID-19
pandemic as the largest threat to global economy since the financial emergency of
2008–2009. Some of the experts are even saying that human civilization has not
faced such an unprecedented emergency after the World War-II. So, COVID-19
has undoubtedly put forth a remarkably bad effect on the day to day life of the
entire human society and also on the world economy.
From the very beginning of civilization, human beings gradually started
manipulating the nature for its own benefit. In order to satisfy the demand of
increasing population industrialization and urbanization became inevitable, and the
obvious significance was proved to be detrimental on the global environment.
Further, environmental concerns include air pollution, water pollution, climate
change, ozone layer depletion, global warming, depletion of ground water level,
change of biodiversity & ecosystem, arsenic contamination and many more. Global
warming is a result of the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4,
N2O etc). Out of the desire to drive the nature as per their own whims and desire,
human beings started destroying the nature in numerous ways. As an inevitable
consequence environment pollution has become a big issue of the present day.
But, due to the unusual outbreak of COVID-19, almost every big and small cities
and villages in the affected countries like China, Pakistan , Taiwan, Italy, USA,
France, Spain, Turkey, Iran, Germany, S Korea, U.K, India, Australia and many
more, is under partial of total lockdown for a long period of time ranging from a
few weeks up to a few months. All local and central administrations worldwide
have literally put a ban on free movement of their citizens outside their home in
order to avoid community transmission The various religious, cultural, social,
scientific, sport, and political mass gathering events like, Hajj, Olympics etc. are
cancelled. Various types of industries are not functioning, all types of travels are
cancelled. Meanwhile, efforts to restrict transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, by
restricting the movement have had an outstanding environmental effect. Due to
non-functioning of industries, industrial waste emission has decreased to a large
extent. Vehicles are hardly found on the roads resulting almost zero emission of
green-house gases and toxic tiny suspended particles to the environment. Due to
lesser demand of power in industries, use of fossil fuels or conventional energy
sources have been lowered considerably. Ecosystems are being greatly recovered.
In many big cities the inhabitants are experiencing a clear sky for the first time in
their lives. The pollution level in tourist spots such as forests, sea beaches, hill
areas etc. is also shrinking largely. Ozone layer has been found to have revived to
some extent. The pandemic has displayed its contrasting consequence on human
civilization, in the sense that, on one hand it has executed worldwide destruction,
but created a very positive impact on the world environment on the other hand. For
most of the people around the world today, the recent COVID-19 outbreak is a
symbol of how fragile and unpredictable our lives can be in an unusual state of
affairs. The virus which has changed the way in which most of us live, work or
perform our basic day to day functions is continuing to increase its grasp at an
alarming rate with the impact being felt at multiple levels resulting in economic
slowdown, business disruption, trade hindrances, travel obstructions, public
seclusion and so on.With respect to the continuity of business, companies around
the world have switched over to online/virtual modes of working while global
mobility has come to a standstill. In Pakistan, various states have been exposed to a
situation of complete lockdown which has led employers to ponder upon how they
can keep their people safe, contain the spread of the virus and continue their
operations effectively during this unprecedented crisis.

Making use of digital platforms to stay connected- Since physical meetings or

catch-ups are no longer possible, it is important to harness the power of digital
platforms which can help you ensure the continuity of operations even in remote
conditions. 
Q#2:-
Precis:-
A bad habit can be developed easily. If we feel unhappy for not
doing a thing then it’s a forced habit and it should be fought against.
Now a days, tobacco is excessively using all around the world by
smoking and chewing. It was first introduced in America and then it is
introduced to Europe by Sir Watto Rabigh four centuries ago. The latest
research shows that when tobacco is not in excessive used people can’t
get rid of this bad habit.