This document contains 5 questions from a chapter about disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance from a pathophysiology textbook. The questions cover topics like loop diuretics causing hypokalemia, signs of fluid overload, treating ethylene glycol toxicity, arterial blood gas values indicating respiratory alkalosis, and the hormone necessary for vitamin D to function. For each question, the user's answer is identified as correct or incorrect, and a short explanation of the right answer is provided along with the textbook reference.
This document contains 5 questions from a chapter about disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance from a pathophysiology textbook. The questions cover topics like loop diuretics causing hypokalemia, signs of fluid overload, treating ethylene glycol toxicity, arterial blood gas values indicating respiratory alkalosis, and the hormone necessary for vitamin D to function. For each question, the user's answer is identified as correct or incorrect, and a short explanation of the right answer is provided along with the textbook reference.
This document contains 5 questions from a chapter about disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance from a pathophysiology textbook. The questions cover topics like loop diuretics causing hypokalemia, signs of fluid overload, treating ethylene glycol toxicity, arterial blood gas values indicating respiratory alkalosis, and the hormone necessary for vitamin D to function. For each question, the user's answer is identified as correct or incorrect, and a short explanation of the right answer is provided along with the textbook reference.
This document contains 5 questions from a chapter about disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance from a pathophysiology textbook. The questions cover topics like loop diuretics causing hypokalemia, signs of fluid overload, treating ethylene glycol toxicity, arterial blood gas values indicating respiratory alkalosis, and the hormone necessary for vitamin D to function. For each question, the user's answer is identified as correct or incorrect, and a short explanation of the right answer is provided along with the textbook reference.
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Chapter 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
7 Quizzes taken
Answer Key Question 1: The nurse is administering the medications to a patient on the (see full question) cardiac unit. Giving which of the following medications causes the nurse to be alert for hypokalemia?
You selected: Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Incorrect
Correct response: Loop diuretic
Explanation: Potassium is typically lost with the use of thiazide or loop
diuretics. The other groups of medications may cause an increase in potassium levels.
Reference: Porth, C. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of
Altered Health States, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, Ch. 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, p. 178.
Question 2: A client is brought to the emergency department with
(see full question) complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema and audible crackles in lower lung fields bilaterally. The nurse notifies the physician to obtain orders for which of these problems?
You selected: Hypocalcemia.
Incorrect
Correct response: Fluid volume excess.
Explanation: Peripheral and pulmonary edema as well as a bounding pulse
and dyspnea are indicators of fluid volume overload.
Reference: Porth, C. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of
Altered Health States, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, Ch. 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, p. 173-174.
Question 3: A client with ethylene glycol toxicity is restless, and stating
(see full question) he has flank pain. What intervention should the nurse perform to minimize complications?
You selected: Increase IV fluids
Correct
Explanation: Symptoms of ethylene glycol toxicity appear in stages. Within
the first 12 hours, the client may appear drunk or comatose. In the second stage the client may develop tachycardia or pulmonary edema. During the third stage, the client may develop flank pain and renal failure as the tubules become plugged with oxalate crystals. Expanding extracellular fluid volume and hemodialysis are used to flush the toxins from the system. Aspirin is not a drug of choice because it is metabolized in the kidney. A change in calcium will not reduce the risk for renal failure. (less)
Reference: Porth, C. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of
Altered Health States, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, Ch. 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, p. 197.
Question 4: Which arterial blood gas (ABG) values tell the nurse a client (see full question) is in respiratory alkalosis? Select all that apply.
You selected: • pCO2 of 27mm Hg
• pH 7.52
Correct
Explanation: ABGs measure pH, carbon dioxide (pCO2), bicarbonate ion
(HCO3-), oxygen pO2, base excess, and the anion gap. A pH that is below 7.35 is considered acidic while above 7.45 is considered alkaline. The pCO2 is considered the primary indicator of respiratory function. Elevation above 45mm Hg indicates acidosis while a decrease below 35mm Hg indicates alkalosis. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is the primary indicator of metabolic function and is considered alkaline if greater than26 mEq/l, and acidic if below 22 mEq/L. Base excess measures the level of all the buffer systems in the blood. If the level is more than 0.2 mEq/L above the normal pH of 7.4 it is considered an excess and indicates metabolic alkalosis. Anion gap indicates the difference between plasma concentration of the major measured cation (sodium) and the sum of the measured anions (chloride and bicarbonate). This level rises in conditions of acidosis. Anion gap and base excess or deficit are used primarily to indicate metabolic acid-base disorders. (less)
Reference: Porth, C. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of
Altered Health States, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, Ch. 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, p. 195.
Question 5: (see full question) Vitamin D, officially classified as a vitamin, functions as a hormone in the body. What other hormone is necessary in the body for vitamin D to work?
You selected: Thyroid hormone
Incorrect
Correct response: Parathyroid hormone
Explanation: The small, but vital, amount of ECF calcium, phosphate, and magnesium is directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. The other answers are not correct. (less)
Reference: Porth, C. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of
Altered Health States, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, Chapter 8: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, p. 181-182.
