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MODULE 5 Concrete Works

This document provides instructions for estimating concrete quantities for building construction. It discusses concrete mix proportions and classes based on compressive strength. For structural elements like columns, beams and slabs, the procedure is to determine the volume of each element, multiply by the class factor to get the cement quantity, and then calculate sand and gravel quantities based on mix proportions. An example calculation is provided for estimating materials for columns. Instructions are given to follow a similar process to estimate concrete needs for other structural components like footings, beams and slabs.

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2K views5 pages

MODULE 5 Concrete Works

This document provides instructions for estimating concrete quantities for building construction. It discusses concrete mix proportions and classes based on compressive strength. For structural elements like columns, beams and slabs, the procedure is to determine the volume of each element, multiply by the class factor to get the cement quantity, and then calculate sand and gravel quantities based on mix proportions. An example calculation is provided for estimating materials for columns. Instructions are given to follow a similar process to estimate concrete needs for other structural components like footings, beams and slabs.

Uploaded by

Mac KY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 5

CONCRETE WORKS
I. INTRODUCTION
The major components of every construction aside from steel reinforcement works
is the concrete works. It is so, since this covers huge portion of the project cost. This
module presents the simplified method on how to estimate building materials needed for
concrete works of a proposed building structure.

II. CONCRETE WORKS

The Nominal Mix of Concrete and Mix Proportions is discussed along the early
pages of Chapter 1 of the textbook. This topic shows the mix proportion of concrete mix
depending on its class. While this is important as this determines the compressive
strength of the concrete ensuring the structural integrity of the proposed structure, we will
disregard this topic as this will be discussed in your material engineering subject. Let us
focus on how to estimate the needed building material for every concrete mix.

Table 1-2 of the textbook shown below presents the different proportions with
corresponding concrete classes.

Notice that there are four concrete classes AA, A, B and C with proportions 1:1 ½ :
3, 1: 2: 4, 1: 2 ½ : 5 and 1 : 3 : 6. This simply means that Class “AA” leads to a higher
compressive strength as its contains more cement compare to Class “B” or Class “C”.
Higher compressive strength simply means stronger structure, but more expensive. We
should take note that aside from the structural integrity of the project, we must also
consider the cost.
While there are four classes of concrete proportion, for structures which carries
more loads from the building itself such as columns, floor beams, and floor slabs (slabs
higher than the ground slab) the 1:2:4 concrete mix is the common practice in actual
construction. Of course the client or designer may opt to use the 1:2:3 concrete mix but
never the 1:2 1/2 : 5 or 1:3:6 mix proportion as class “A” is the minimum mix to produce a
21 MPa compressive strength. This is the minimum standard compressive strength set
forth by the National Structural Code of the Philippines. Class “B” or class “C” maybe use
for elementary structures or structures which do not carry much loads such as decorative,
plant boxes and etc.

III. SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE

Chapter 1 of the textbook presents several methodologies on how to derive quantity


of concrete materials depending on the type of structural elements (e.g., circular column,
square column, rectangular beam etc.). But all of these methodologies can be summarize
as determining the volume of each structural elements and then multiply by a class factor.
Class factor is defined by table 1-2 shown previously. Let us try to evaluate the following
example.

For a 300 mm x 300 mm column with a height of 8 m and there are 15 columns of
the same property the concrete material needed shall be

Step 1: Determine the volume of one column using simply geometry

Volume of Concrete for Column = 0.30 m x 0.30 m x 8 m = 0.72 m3

Step 2: Determine the total volume of all column

Total Volume of Concrete for Column = 0.72 m3 x 8 pcs = 5.76 m3

Step 3: Using 1:2:4 or Class “A” concrete mix, determine the amount of cement needed

Note that the commercially available cement in the Philippine market is only 40 kgs
thus, from table 1-2 we shall use factor of 9.0, so that;
Cement Needed = 5.76 m3 x 9 = 51.84 bags

Remember that we cannot purchase 0.84 bags of cement so that instead of 51.84
bags we say 52 bags. You may add 2% to 5% allowance for wastage but for academic
purposes let us use the derive value of 52 bags.

Step 4: Determine the amount of sand needed.

Sand Needed = 5.76 m3 x 0.50 = 2.88 m3

Similarly, the available sand sold in the market is as per cubic meters thus let us
say 3 m3.

Step 5: Determine the amount of gravel needed.

Let us take note that the maximum size of gravel as per code is 25 mm. Larger
diameter or sizes may lead to concrete defects such as honeycomb. Why is that so?
Conduct a personal research and answer the forum posted. Note that there are to forums.

Gravel Needed = 5.76 m3 x 1.0 5.76 m3 say 6 m3

Step 6: Make a summary.

Cement = 52 bags

Sand = 3 m3

Gravel = 6 m3

For structural elements below the ground surface such as footing, wall footing, and
tie beam most of the time the derivation of the its total volume is already derived upon
calculating the required backfill. Thus, multiply that volume to the class factor and
determine the material needed.

For beams, investigate the number of beams types first. Most of the time, beams
are marked as B1, B2 and etc. Make a tabulation of each beam type with corresponding
dimensions and total length. From this table, determine the total volume and multiply this
value with the class factor. The table below is an example
Beam Width Depth Total Length Volume
Marke (m) (m) (By Direct Counting (m3)
d (m)
B1 0.20 0.35 36.5 2.555
B2 0.25 0.45 40.15 4.51125
B3 0.30 0.50 11.0 1.65
RB 0.20 0.30 54.9 3.294
Total Volume = 12.01

Cement: 12.01 x 9 = 108.09 say 109 bags

Sand: 12.01 x 0.50 = 6 m3

Gravel: 12.01 x 1.0 = 12 m3

For slab, you may start on determining first the floor area of the structure and
multiply the slab thickness to determine the volume. Similarly, use this volume to
determine the material needed.

Now, base from your building plans create an estimate of materials needed for
concrete works of your project. The list below provides the minimum structural elements
maybe present in your structure. Investigate or study the building plan for other structural
elements needed to be included on your estimate.

1. Footing
2. Wall Footing
3. Column
4. Tie Beams
5. Floor Beams (e.g. second floor beams, third floor beams, roof beams etc.)
6. Floor slab
7. Slab on grade or S.O.G. or slab resting on the ground
8. Etc.

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