WEEK 1

Unit of Competency Apply Appropriate Sealant and Adhesive

Module Applying Appropriate Sealant and Adhesive

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Applying Appropriate
Sealant/Adhesive. It includes instructions and procedure on Applying appropriate sealant/adhesive.

Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module Use and
Application of Lubricant/Coolant.

This module consists of four learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities
supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform the instructions, read the information sheets and
answer the self-check and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your instructor that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome.

Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment of your achievement of
knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a
certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. identify appropriate sealant and adhesive;

LO2. prepare surface for sealant and adhesive;

LO3. apply sealant and adhesive; and

LO4. store and dispose of sealant and adhesive

 Pre-Test

A. Select the best answer that corresponds to the statement.

1. Referred to as one-part sealants and are supplied “ready for use” as packed.
a. Curing sealant
b. Pliable sealant
c. Drying sealant
d. All of the above
2. Set and cure by evaporation of solvent
a. Curing sealant
b. Pliable sealant
c. Drying sealant
d. Aerobic sealant
3. Catalyst-cured sealants have an advantage over drying sealants because they are
transformed from fluid or semi-fluid state into solid by chemical reaction rather than by
evaporation of a solvent.
a. Drying sealant
b. Curing sealant
c. Aerobic sealant
d. Pliable sealant
4. Glass, stone, wood and metals are types of _________.
a. Sealants
b. Adhesive
c. Epoxy
d. Surface materials
5. It is used to create an impenetration barrier to gas or moisture.
a. Sealant
b. Adhesive
c. Urethane
d. Epoxy
6. A product which used as bond between two different or similar materials.
a. Sealants
b. Adhesives
c. Urethane
d. Epoxy
7. It is added and mixed just prior to sealant application.
a. Chemical catalyst
b. Adhesive
c. Epoxy
d. Urethane
8. Supplies that are known for their hardness and are used with more substances.
a. Epoxies
b. Urethanes
c. Sealants
d. Adhesives
9. Supplies used for flexible materials in high impact
applications.
a. Epoxy
b. Urethanes
c. Sealants
d. Adhesive

B. Read the statement carefully and fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
 1. To remove the excess sealant and adhesive use ____________.
2. After removing the excess sealant/adhesive wipe with clean rags and ___________________.
3. Sealant/adhesive must be stored in ______________________.
4. Sealant industry has expressed a desire to move away from the use of primer adhesive system
because of its __________ and _________.

C. Read the statement carefully and fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. Sealant should be used within ___________________.
2. Sealant should not be applied to metal that is colder than __________.
3. Before the sealant is applied, heat the metal to a temperature between ________________.
4. _________________ is the pressure filling of openings or voids.
5. The joint between two pieces of material formed by a notch and tilled projection is called
___________________.
6. Sealant should be discarded immediately when it becomes ___________.
7. Sealant should not be used for faying surface applications unless it has been removed from
__________________.
8. Never use RTV sealant around high temperature and pressure, such as
for_______________________.
9. On engine with an oxygen sensor, use only _____________________ that says “sensor safe”
on the level.
10. Sealants cannot be _________ to dirty, greases, or oily surface.
Learning Outcome No. 1 Identify Appropriate Sealant and Adhesive

There are various types of engine sealant and adhesives depending on the part of engine
where they will serve their purpose. There are sealant that are resistant to heat and chemicals, while
others need special process on how they have to be used. Thus, correct identification of the sealant is
important to every automobile serviceman.

Assessment Criteria:

1. Sealant and adhesive is selected in line with job requirement and fits manufacturer’s
specification.
2. Sealant and adhesive checking is performed to ensure that it is the correct sealant to be used.

Definition of Terms:

Catalyst-cured sealants have an advantage over drying sealants because they are transformed from a
fluid or semi-fluid state into solid by chemical reaction rather than by
evaporation of a solvent.

Drying sealants set and cure by evaporation of the solvent. Solvents are used in these
sealants to provide the desired application consistency

Pliable sealants are referred to as one-part sealants and are supplied "ready for use" as
packaged.

INFORMATION SHEET NO.1

Identify appropriate sealant and adhesive

TYPES OF SEALANTS 

The physical conditions surrounding the seal govern the type of sealant to be used. Some
sealants are exposed to extremely high or low temperatures. Other sealants contact fuels and
lubricants. Therefore, it is necessary to use a sealant that has been compounded for the particular
condition. Sealants are supplied in different consistencies and cure rates. Basic sealants are classified
in three general categories—pliable, drying, and curing.

Pliable Sealants 

Pliable sealants are referred to as one-part sealants and are supplied "ready for use" as
packaged. They are solids and change very little during or after application. Solvent is not used with
pliable sealants. Therefore, drying is not necessary. Except for normal aging, they remain virtually the
same as when they were packaged. They easily adhere to metal, glass, and plastic surfaces. Pliable
sealants are used around access panels and doors and in areas where pressurization cavities must be
maintained.
Drying Sealants

Drying sealants set and cure by evaporation of the solvent. Solvents are used in these sealants
to provide the desired application consistency. Consistency or hardness may change when this type of
sealant dries, depending on the amount of solvent it contains. Shrinkage during the drying process is
an important consideration. The degree of shrinkage also depends upon the amount of solvent it
contains.

Curing Sealants 

Catalyst-cured sealants have an advantage over drying sealants because they are transformed from a
fluid or semi-fluid state into solid by chemical reaction rather than by evaporation of a solvent. A
chemical catalyst or accelerator is added and mixed just prior to sealant application. Heat may be
employed to speed up the curing process. When you use a catalyst, you should accurately measure
and thoroughly mix the two components to ensure a complete and even cure.

Uses of Sealant and Adhesive

The adhesive and sealants include two chemically similar but functionally different groups of
formulated products, adhesive and sealants.

1. Adhesive products are used to bond between two different or similar materials.

2. Sealants are used to create an impenetration barrier to gas or moisture.

Types of surface materials

Sealants and adhesives are used in different surface materials such as glass, stone, wood, and
metals. The sealant and adhesive used in these types of materials differs from each other.
The epoxy and polyurethane systems are most often used in the reactive sector. Urethanes are
used with flexible materials in high impact applications, while epoxies are known for their hardness and
are used with more rigid substances.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1

Select the best answer that corresponds to the statement.

1. Referred to as one-part sealants and are supplied “ready for use” as packed.
a. Curing sealant
b. Pliable sealant
c. Drying sealant
d. All of the above
2. Set and cure by evaporation of solvent
a. Curing sealant
b. Pliable sealant
c. Drying sealant
d. Aerobic sealant
3. Catalyst-cured sealants have an advantage over drying sealants because they are
transformed from fluid or semi fluid state into a solid by chemical reaction rather than by
evaporation of a solvent.
a. Drying sealant
b. Curing sealant
c. Aerobic sealant
d. Pliable sealant
4. Glass, stone, wood and metals are types of _________.
a. Sealants
b. Adhesive
c. Epoxy
d. Surface materials
5. It is used to create an impenetration barrier to gas or moisture.
a. Sealant
b. Adhesive
c. Urethane
d. Epoxy
6. A product which used as bond between two different or similar materials.
a. Sealants
b. Adhesives
c. Urethane
d. Epoxy
7. It is added and mixed just prior to sealant application.
a. Chemical catalyst
b. Adhesive
c. Epoxy
d. Urethane
8.Supplies that are known for their hardness and are used with more substances.
a. Epoxies
b. Urethanes
c. Sealants
d. Adhesives
9. Supplies used for flexible materials in high impact applications.
a. Epoxy
b. Urethanes
c. Sealants
 d. Adhesive

Learning Outcome No. 2 Prepare surface for sealant and adhesive

Before the application of the sealant or adhesive, correct procedure in surface preparation must
be performed to attain the maximum adhesion of the sealant or adhesive. Oil, dirt, moist and other
foreign matters destroy the adhesion property of the sealant.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Surface materials are identified as per construction
2. Surface is cleared and free from moisture, dust and other foreign matters to ensure maximum
adhesive or seal

Definition of Terms:

Catalyst-cured sealants have an advantage over drying sealants because they are transformed from a
fluid or semi-fluid state into solid by chemical reaction rather than by
evaporation of a solvent.

Drying sealants set and cure by evaporation of the solvent. Solvents are used in these
sealants to provide the desired application consistency

Pliable sealants are referred to as one-part sealants and are supplied "ready for use" as
packaged.

OPERATION SHEET NO.1

Preparing surface for sealant and adhesive.

Title: Prepare surface for sealant and adhesive

Objective: Follow instruction in preparing surface for sealant and adhesive

Tools and Materials:

 Rags
 Sand paper
 Cleaning solvent
 Scraper
 Steel Brush

Procedure:

1. Prepare tools and materials.

 2. Clean surface with scraper, steel
brush, and cleaning solvent
3. Wipe with a clean rag and dry
well.
Figure 1 – cleaning engine parts
Ensure that surface is cleared and free of moisture, dust and other foreign matters to
ensure maximum effectiveness of adhesive and sealant.

Remember these safety measures:

1. Always wear safety goggles, gloves and an apron to keep clean and stay protected.
2. Be careful in using high pressure steam washers. High pressure cleaning solution can
cause serious damage to engine electrical system such as the wiring harness and the
electronic devices.
3. Be careful of the sharp edges of the engine parts.

INFORMATION SHEET NO.1

Preparing Surface for sealant and Adhesive
Identifying health hazards associate in handling sealant and adhesive

Physical Hardening Adhesives components are primarily polymers and resins. It is converted
into liquid from through heating or dissolving its components before it can be used. The dried adhesive
like this biologically un-hazardous.

Organic solvents are adhesives that the polymers and resins are liquefied with the use or
biological diluents. The potential hazard in this kind of adhesives is determined by its flammability, and
possible skin irritation problems. And since, this is a high volatile solvent, the exposure of the body
through inhaling vapor is the utmost concern of the user.

Water based adhesive has no potential health danger to the users. However, it is very subtle to
the outbreak of mold formation that is why extra care must be observed in using this type of adhesive.

Heat curing adhesives has potential risk of burns to the users.

Anaerobic sealant contains small amount of acid and acrylic monomers which is hazardous in a
prolong contact with the skin especially with open wounds. It is suggested to use safety gloves and
goggles when using this type of sealant.

Proper Storage and disposal of sealant and adhesive.

Storing sealants and adhesive should be in a no smoking areas because of the fumes emitted
by the sealants. All flammable adhesives should be kept in a tight container and be stored in a cool
and dry conditions with a reasonable temperature between 5 to 30 degrees centigrade. In opening
sealed adhesive, containers should be opened slowly to prevent abrupt release of flammable fumes.

Hazards related with the material properties of adhesives such as combustibility, volatility, likely
to explode and burns and the chemical effects such as poisonous, irritation of the skin, acid burns and
allergies should be avoided.
 Hazards like these can be avoided if proper care and correct usage of sealant and adhesives
are observed religiously. Aside from these, the correct workplace ventilation is also a factor as well as
the wearing of personal protective equipment

Figure 2-Hand Gloves Figure 3 –face shield Figure 4-Eye Shiel

SELF-CHECK NO. 1
Read the statement carefully and fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. To remove the excess sealant and adhesive use _____________.

2. After removing the excess sealant and adhesive, wipe the surface with clean rag and
___________________.
3. Sealant and adhesive must be stored in ______________________.
4. Sealant industry has expressed a desire to move away from the use of primer adhesive system
because of its __________ and _________.

Learning Outcome No. 3: Apply Sealant and Adhesive Evenly

Correct procedures in applying sealant must be observed to protect the engine from possible
damage. It is also to protect the person using it. Wrong procedure in applying sealant can block the
engine holes which serve as the passage of both the coolant and the lubricant. If this happen it may
result to overheating and may possibly damage engine moving parts. Misuse of adhesive can also
create serious injury to the workers because it could contain chemicals which are hazardous to human
health.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Sealant and adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line with manufacturer’s specification.
2. Excess sealant and adhesive is removed by sanding or scrapping.
3. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant and adhesive are appropriate to job requirements.
4. Safety is observed and Personal Protective Equipment is worn in accordance with industry
Standard Operating Procedure.
5. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesive are identified.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1

Procedures in applying sealant and adhesive

 Various applications of sealants vary according to time, tools required, and methods. The
following are the restrictions in sealant applications:

1. Sealant should be used within the application time limits specified by the sealant
manufacturer.

2. Sealant should be discarded immediately when it becomes too stiff to apply. Stiff or
partially cured sealant will not wet the surface to which it is to be applied as fresh
material and, consequently, will not have satisfactory adhesion.

3. Sealant should not be applied to metal with temperature below 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
Better adhesion is obtained if the surface temperature is over 80 degrees Fahrenheit.

4. Sealant should not be used for laying surface application unless it has just been
removed from refrigerated storage or freshly mixed.

Proper use of tools

Injection sealing is the pressure filling of openings or voids with a sealant injection gun. Joggles
should be filled by forcing sealant into the opening until it emerges from the opposite side. Voids and
cavities are filled by starting with the nozzle of the sealant injection gun at the bottom of the space and
filling as the nozzle is withdrawn.

For your information, joggle is a joint between two pieces of material formed by notch and a fitted
projection.

Safety measures in applying sealant and adhesive

Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) sealant can be used on surface that flexes or vibrates
slightly, such as the engine valve cover. Never use RTV sealant around high temperature and
pressure, like head gaskets. The mating surface must be thoroughly cleaned before RTV or anaerobic
sealant is applied. Sealants cannot be used on dirty, grease, or oily surfaces. On engine with an
oxygen sensor, use only RTV sealant that says “sensor safe” on the level. Fumes from some RTV
sealant can damage the oxygen sensor. This may cause excessive exhaust emissions and poor fuel
economy.

Identify health hazards associated in handling sealant and adhesive

A. Hygiene – the possible accidental intake of adhesives and sealants should be evaded and the
eating or storing food and drinks should not be allowed near the area where adhesives are used
or stored. There are adhesives that release powder substance or poisonous fumes that
endanger the person if accidentally inhaled. Suitable protective device should be used in these
occurrences. It is also advised to use hand protection to minimize the skin contact of the
adhesive to the workers. Eye protection is also necessary to protect the eyes.
 B. Allergies – fumes and powdered substances from the adhesives could also contain allergic
substances. Complete avoidance of physical contact and exposure from the adhesives and
sealants are the best remedy to this problem.

Self-Check No. 1

Read the statement carefully and fill the blanks with the correct answer.

1. Sealant should be used within ___________________.

2. Sealant should not be applied to metal that is colder than __________.
3. Before the sealant is applied, the metal warmed to a temperature between
________________.
4. _________________ is the pressure filling of openings or voids.
5. The joint between two pieces of material formed by a notch and tilled projection is called
___________________.
6. Sealant should be discarded immediately when it becomes ___________.
7. Sealant should not be used for faying surface applications unless it has been removed from
__________________.
8. Never use RTV sealant around high temperature and pressure, such as
for_______________________.
9. On engine with an oxygen sensor, use only _____________________ that says “sensor
safe” on the level.
10. Sealants cannot be _________ to dirty, greases, or oily surface.
 WEEK 2

OPERATION SHEET NO.1

Apply sealant and adhesive evenly

Title: Procedure in applying sealant and adhesive

Materials, Tools and Equipment:

 Sealant and adhesive

 Rags
 Sand paper
 Cleaning solvent
 Scraper
 Steel Brush

Procedure:

Applying sealant and adhesive

1. Prepare tools and materials

2. Clean surface with steel brush and sandpaper.
3. Wipe surface with rags and cleaning solvent.
4. Apply sealant and adhesive evenly.

Figure 5-Applying Sealant

 OPERATION SHEET NO.2

Apply sealant and Adhesive evenly

Title: Removing of excess sealant and adhesive

Objective: Follow instructions in removing excess sealant and adhesive

Materials, Tools and Equipment:

 Sealant and adhesive

 Rags
 Sand paper
 Cleaning solvent
 Scraper
 Steel Brush

Procedure:

Removing excess sealant and adhesive

1. Prepare tools for scraping.

2. Scrape excess sealant and adhesive by the use of scraper or spatula.
3. Wipe with rags with cleaning solvent for final clean up.

Learning Outcome No. 4 Store and Dispose Sealant and Adhesive

Excess or unused sealant can be stored for future use. Disposing of unused sealant and
adhesive must be done following the standard operating procedures so as not to harm the environment
since sealants and adhesives contains hazardous chemicals that can destroy living organism.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Sealant and adhesive is stored based in prescribed procedure
2. Waste is disposed following standard operating procedures

Definition of Terms

Aerosol is a liquid compressed with air in a tin can that sprays tiny mist of particles when
opened.

Flammable are materials or liquid that can easily catch fire such as paper, wood, rubber,
solvents, gasoline and oil.
Spillage accidental loss or scattering of liquid or any substance on the floor that could
cause injury to any person in case of accidental slippage.

INFORMATION SHEET NO.1

Store and Dispose of Sealant and Adhesive

SPILLAGE and WASTE DISPOSAL

Spillages of any type should be attended to immediately. Water-based products can be washed
away with water before they dry, provided it is permissible to discharge this type of effluent into the
drain. An alternative method is to soak the spillage with an inert material, and place in a closed
container for disposal. This technique is particularly appropriate for solvent-based adhesives using
sand, clay or powdered limestone as absorbent material.

Care should be taken in the disposal of containers for solvent-based adhesives either full or
empty in order to avoid latent explosion fire. The empty containers could be punctured carefully or left
open to ensure that no solvent vapor is trapped under pressure. Take the usual precautions
concerning flammable materials.

Aerosol packages are pressurized and must not be punctured unless all internal pressure has
been relieved.

STORAGE

Storing of adhesives and sealants should be constrained to 'NO SMOKING' places since even for
non-flammable adhesives there is a danger that flammable fumes can be emitted and through
chemical change, it could be transformed into poisonous gas when exposed to heat. Combustible
adhesives should be kept in appropriate incombustible areas in accordance to the laws on safety in the
workplace.