Mike the stuntman wants to jump off a platform that covers

a deep pit with a bungee cord. He can only do this from a

height greater than 50 meters. He wants to determine how
deep the pit is. He noticed that a support beam, placed at a
67° angle with the platform, connects to the side of the pit
12 meters down. He then backs up looking down at a 67°
angle until he can just see the bottom corner of the pit. He
backs up a total of 20 meters to do this.

A large stained glass window is constructed from six 30°- Stephanie is 42,240 ft from Jessica, when Jessica calls and
60°-90° triangles as shown in the figure below. The says that a jet just flew over her at 31,680 ft.
window is symmetric about the vertical line in its center.
What is the height of the window? Show your work.

a) At what angle of elevation should Stephanie look

towards Jessica to see the jet? Explain in terms of
trigonometry to the nearest tenth degree.

b) At the moment Jessica called her with the observation,

what is the line of sight distance from Stephanie to the jet?
Explain.

A fire fighter determined that a safe angle to prop her A man standing on a lighthouse of height 162 feet sights
ladder must be between 45° and 72°. If the ladder has a two boats directly in front of him. One is at an
fixed length of 100 feet long, what is the range of heights angle of depression of 60°, and the other is at an angle of
that the ladder will reach? Show your work and round your depression of 45°. Assume man, lighthouse and both boats
answers to the nearest foot. are coplanar.

a) Draw a picture to describe this situation.

b) Identify the distance between the two boats rounded to

the nearest foot.

A tow truck is towing a car. The chain connecting the car to the A guard on the lookout tower is keeping watch. The tower is 30
truck must have an angle of elevation between 35 o and 60o to feet high. The guard will best be able to see at an angle of
prevent the back bumper of the car from scraping the ground. depression between 25o and 65o. What range of distances will he
The chain has a fixed length of 4 feet. What is the range of be able to see from the watchtower?
horizontal distances between the car and the truck?

Joanna is flying a kite. The kite must have an angle of elevation Joey created this design by stacking equilateral triangles. If the
of 40o to 80o to stay in the air. The kite string has a fixed length perimeter of ABC is 18in, what is the vertical height of the entire
of 30 feet. What is the range of the horizontal distance between design?
the kite and Joanna?

height=______
A great white shark swims 22 feet below sea level. If the angle
of depression of a boat to the shark is 20°, find the horizontal
distance between the boat and the shark.

Nancy is stuck in traffic. The angle of elevation From the top of a 100-foot lookout tower, a forest
from her car to the top of the 12-meter tall building ranger spotted a fire at a 25° angle of depression.
she is trying to get to is 23°. How far away from the How far was the fire from the base of the lookout
building is she? tower

A contractor is building a tower. He is using a ladder to inspect A pool table has a length of 9 ft and a width of 4.5 ft. What is
the current scaffolding. The ladder must be propped between the measure of the angle from the longest side of the table to
40o and 70o to be considered safe. If the ladder has a fixed the diagonal?
length of 50 feet, what is the range of heights that the ladder
will reach?

Joe stands on a 100 foot building and sees a two car chase BCDE is a square. Solve for each variable.
on the highway directly in front of him. One is at an angle of
depression of 30°, and the other is at an angle of
depression of 45°. Determine the distance between the cars.

x=_____ y=_____ z=_____ w=_____

distance:_______________
The cross section of a shed is given below determine the angle θ Kira is walking down a straight highway when she decides to
that the shed makes. leave the road on a path that makes a 35 degree angle with the
road. After hopping 400 meters, she makes a turn 50 degree
from the horizontal and heads back to the highway. How far
does she have to walk to get back to the highway?

θ=¿ ¿

A driver is stranded on a dessert highway. He sees a town in the Two beach lookout towers A and B are 50 meters apart. They
distance. From one mile marker the town is at a 15 degree angle spot a boat between them in the distance. Tower A records the
to the left. From the next mile marker which is 20 miles away, angle as being 20 degrees to the right of the shore. Tower B
the town is at a 50 degree angle to the right. Determine how far records the boat as being 85 degrees to the left.
he would have to walk if he traveled straight to the town from
the second mile marker. How far is the boat from Tower A?

Extension: How far away is the boat from the beach?

Sammi apartment is 100 ft up. From there, she looks at a A rock climber looks at 2000 ft tall mountain while he is mid
skyscraper. The angle to the top is 38 degrees. The angle to the climb. The angle to the top of the mountain is 42 degrees. The
bottom of the skyscraper is 45 degrees. Determine the height of angle to the base is 36 degrees. How high up is the climber?
the skyscraper.

The angle pictured is a central angle. Determine the A pilot is flying over a straight highway. He
length of the diameter. determines the angles of depression to two mileposts,
4.3 km apart, to be 32° and 56°, as shown in Figure
8.34. Find the distance of the plane from point A to
the nearest tenth of a kilometer.

The Bermuda triangle is a region of the Atlantic The figure shows a satellite orbiting Earth. The
Ocean that connects Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto satellite passes directly over two tracking stations A
Rico. Find the area of the Bermuda triangle if the and B which are 69 miles apart. When the satellite is
distance from Florida to Bermuda is 1030 miles, the on one side of the two stations, the angles of elevation
distance from Puerto Rico to Bermuda is 980 miles, at A and B are measured to be 83.9 and 86.2
and the angle created by the two distances is 62°. respectively. How far is the satellite from station and
how high is the satellite above the ground? Round
answers to the nearest whole mile.

A blimp is flying over a football stadium. Find the Solve

height of the blimp if the angle of elevation at the
southern end zone, point A, is 70°, the angle of
elevation from the northern end zone, point B, is 62°,
and the distance between the viewing points of the
two end zones is 145 yards.

x=____ y=____ z=____

Draw a triangle that is similar to the one below that has a CD//LJ//MK Solve for x
perimeter between 28-33 units and whose side lengths are all
whole numbers.

Show why it is similar.

x=____

Triangle POG is isosceles LMJI is a square

x=____ y=____ z=____ w=____ x=____ y=____ z=____
Given: LMJI is a square

x=____ y=____ z=____ w=____ x=____ y=____ z=____

A paraglider is connected to a boat. In order to stay in the air,
the angle of depression from the paraglider to the boat has to
be between 30o and 50o. The rope connecting him and the boat
has a fixed length of 20 feet. What is the range of heights above
the water that the paraglider will have?

x=____ y=____ z=____ w=____ r=___

The black-sailed ship is chasing the white-sailed ship as seen below Find the perimeter of rectangle NOPQ
by a man on a 100 ft cliff. Calculate the distance between the ships.
 Batman is designing a new Batwing. Below is one of the wings King Hippo wants to make a crown with 5 in diagonal spikes set at 90
that is made of 45-45-90 triangles. The leg of the smallest degree angles as shown below. Find the width of the crown.
triangle is 2ft long. What is the length (x) of the wing?

5_CH05_pp403-454.qxd 1/14/10 1:52 PM Page 440

Wing Length (x): ________ Crown width (x): ________
Three right triangles each have an angle with the same Kenneth wants to divide his living room into 3 spaces using 30-
measurement “x”. Mr R places the three congruent angles so 60-90 triangles. If the length of the room is 20 ft, what is the
that they make a straight angle as shown below. The smallest width of his room (x)?
440 legCHAPTER
out of all of
5 the triangles is 6 ft. determine the width “z” of
Analytic Tr igonometr y
the figure.

39. E n g in e e r i n g De si gn A
vertical flagpole stands beside S (ship)
A 33°
a road that slopes at an angle C 62°
of 15° with the horizontal. 62°
When the angle of elevation of
the Sun is 62° , the flagpole 20 mi
b 28° a
casts a 16-ft shadow downhill
along the road. Find the height 75° 15° 52°
of the flagpole. 105°
A B Horizontal B
16 ft
x=_____
X=____ Y=____ Z=_____
40. Al t i t u d e Observers 2.32 mi 4 6. Usi n g Me a su r e m e n t Da t a A geometry class is divided
apart see a hot-air balloon into ten teams, each of which is gi ven a yardstick and a protrac-
directly between them but at the tor to find the distance from a point A on the edge of a pond to a
angles of elevation shown in the tree at a point C on the opposite shore. After the y mark points A
figure. Find the altitude of the and B with stakes, each team uses a protractor to measure angles
balloon. A and B and a yardstick to measure distance AB. Their measure-
ments are given in the table.

A B AB
28° 37°
79° 84° 26 ¿ 4 –
A 2.32 mi B
81° 82° 25 ¿ 5 –
41. R e d u c in g Air R e sist a n c e A 4-ft airfoil attached to the 79° 83° 26 ¿ 0 –
cab of a truck reduces wind resistance. If the angle between the 80° 87° 26 ¿ 1 –
airfoil and the cab top is 18° and angle B is 10°, find the length 79° 87° 25 ¿ 11–
of a vertical brace positioned as sho wn in the figure.
A B AB
83° 84° 25 ¿ 3 –
4 ft 82° 82° 26 ¿ 5 –
18° 78° 85° 25 ¿ 8 –
B 77° 83° 26 ¿ 4–
 2 1 . C elevation
= 68°, to a be= 19, c = much
35° . How 18 higher is the top of Long’s Peak
6965_CH04_pp319-402.qxd 1/14/10 1:50 PM Page 395
(b) Find the distance between the tw o canyon rims. (Assume
2 2 . B than Otis’sa elevation?
= 57°, = 11, b = 10 they are parallel.)
15 . Civ il En g
2 3 . Determine the values in e e r in
of gb that Thewill
angle of elevation
produce fromnumber
the given an ob-
server to the bottom edge of the Dela ware River drawbridge 3 8 . We a t h e r F o r e c a s t i n g N N
of triangles if a = 10 and B = 42°. Two meteorologists are 25 mi
observation deck located 200 ft from the observ er is 30° . The SECTION 4 .8 Solving 395
(a)angle
Twooftriangles
elevation from (b)the One triangle
observ (c) ofZero
er to the top triangles
the observ a- apart located on anP reast-west
oblems with Tr igonometr y
road. C
tion deck is 40° . What is the height of the
2 4 . Determine the values of c that will produce the gi ven numberobserv ation deck? The meteorologist at point A sights b a
1 7 . Na v i g a t i o n The Coast Guard
of triangles if b =cutter 12 and C =travels
53°.at 30 knots Corpus 95° a tornado 38° east of north. The 38° 53°
Angelica 15° 15° h
from its home port of Corpus Christi Christi
meteorologist 73 ftat point B sights the
(a) Two triangleson a course
(b) ofOne
95° triangle
for 2 hr and then(c) Zero triangles
185°
same tornado 53° west of north. A B
changes to a course of 185° for 2 hr.
25 mi
In Exercises 25 and 26, decide whether
Find the thethe
distance and triangle
bearing can be solv ed using
Find the distance from each meteo-
the Law of Sines. If so, solv e it.
from theIf not, Christi
Corpus explain portwhy
to thenot. rologist to the tornado. Also f ind the distance between the
boat.
40° 2 4 . tornado
R e c r e a tand
i o n athe
l F road.
l y i n g A hot-air balloon o ver Park City,
1 8 . Na v i g a t i o n The 30°
Cerrito Lindo travels at a speed of Utah, is 760 ft abo ve the ground. The angle of depression from
40 knots from Fort Lauderdale on a course of 65° for 2 hr and the balloon to an observ er is 5.25° . Assuming the ground is rel-
then changes to200 ft of 155° for 4 hr. Determine the dis-
a course atively flat, how far is the observ er from a point on the ground
tance and the bearing from F ort Lauderdale to the boat. directly under the balloon?
1 9. La n d Me a su r e The angle of depression is 19° from a 2 5 . Na v i g a t i o n A shoreline runs north-south, and a boat is
16 . Tr a v e l i n g Ca r 7256
point From the top
ft above of aon100-ft
sea level b uilding
the north a Grand
rim of the man due east of the shoreline. The bearings of the boat from tw o
Canyon level to a point 6159 ft above sea level on the south rim.
observes a car moving toward him. If the angle of depression points on the shore are 110° and 100° . Assume the two points
How wide is the canyon at that point? are 550 ft apart. Ho w far is the boat from the shore?
of the car changes from 15° to 33° during the period of obser-
2 0 . R a n g e r F i r e Wa t c h A ranger spots a fire from a
vation, how far 73-ftdoestower
the car travel? National Park. She measures the
in Yellowstone
angle of depression to be 1°20¿. How far is the fire from the
tower?
2 1 . Ci 15°
v i l E n g i n e e r i n g The bearing of the line of sight to
the east end of the Ro yal Gorge footbridge from a point 325 ft
33°
due north of the west end of the footbridge across the Ro yal
100 ft Gorge is 117° . What is the length l of the bridge?
110°

550 ft
100°

l 2 6 . Na v i g a t i o n Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is directly west of

117° Grand Haven, Michigan, on opposite sides of Lak e Michigan.
On a foggy night, a la w enforcement boat lea ves from
325 ft Milwaukee on a course of 105° at the same time that a small
smuggling craft steers a course of 195° from Grand Haven.
The law enforcement boat a verages 23 knots and collides with
the smuggling craft. What w as the smuggling boat’s average
2 2 . S p a c e F l i g h t The angle of elevation of a space shuttle speed?
from Cape Canaveral is 17° when the shuttle is directly o ver a 2 7 . M e c h a n i c a l D e s i g n Refer to Figure 4.94. The wheel in
ship 12 mi downrange. What is the altitude of the shuttle when a piston linkage lik e the one shown in the figure has a radius of
it is directly over the ship? 6 in. It turns with an angular v elocity of 16p rad/sec. The ini-
tial position is the same as that shown in Figure 4.94.
(a) What is the frequency of the piston?
(b) What equation models the motion of the piston?
(c) What is the distance from the initial position 2.85 sec after
h
A satellite
starting? calculates the distances and angle shown in the
17° 2 8 . M e c h a n i c a l D e s i g n Suppose the wheel in a piston link-
12 Figure (not
age like the to scale).
one shown in FigureFind the
4.94 has distance
a radius of 18 cmbetween the two
and turns with an angular v elocity of p rad/sec.
cities. Round answers to the nearest tenth.
(a) What is the frequenc y of the piston?
2 3 . A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n A barn roof is constructed as
(b) What equation models the motion of the piston?
shown in the figure. What is the height of the v ertical center
span? (c) How many cycles does the piston mak e in 1 min?

Find the area of the triangle A regular octagon is inscribed in a circle with a radius of 8
inches. Find the perimeter of the octagon.