RESEARCH PROJECT/ INQUIRY, IMMERSION AND

INVESTIGATION
INFERENCES AND CHAPTER 5
PRELIMINARY PARTS
RESEARCH DEFENSE

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 INFERENCES AND CHAPTER 5
Learning Competencies:
1. The learner determines the importance of research inferences;
2. The learner identifies the importance of summary of a research;
3. The learner identifies the importance of research conclusion ;
4. The learner applies the process of making research recommendations ;

Discussion:

A. Providing Inferences
Inferences – the interpretation and integration of ideas, resullts and underlying reasons
encompassing the accumulated data.

Importance of Inferences

1. Clarify the gaps from the obtained results

2. The reason of objectivity is presented
3. The research results become more authentically and contextually factual
Indication of a Good Inference

1. The result has been thoroughly explained.

2. The inference is integrated with the RRL.
3. Grounded theory is presented along with a sharp analysis.
4. Different variables have been observed.
5. Categories and aspects of the problems are emphasized.
6.
Types of Research Inferences

1. Referential Inference – the inference that are based on the result.

2. Contextual Inference – the inference that are based on the variables of the
study
3. Theoretical Inference – the inference that are based on theories.
4. Compositional Inference – the inference that are based on the RRL

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 B.Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

 This section deals with the evaluation of the attainment of the research scheme.

 This section assesses the strength and weakness of the research process and
the identifiable salient points of areas been studied and will be studied.

This section contains the overall learning and ideas that are encompassing the
research title

SUMMARY

 This refers to the gist of the processes and ideas from Chapter 1 to Chapter 4.

 It presents the salient points that had been acquired in which the conclusion
depends.

 It is pondered into several parts such as:

1. Problem – states the main research problem of the study

2. Purpose – states the main objective of the entire study

3. Parameter – deals with the scopes and limitations for the study

4. People – describes the respondents and how they will be benefited by the study.

5. Principles – describes the synthesis and analysis of the facts that are reviewed
in Chapter

6. Procedures – describes the methods used in collecting the data

7. Probability – deals with the sampling methods used and how sample size had
been determined
8. Proof – the findings obtained in the study and how it is interpreted.

Summary must be concise yet comprehensive. It must also be a restatement of the

FOUR CHAPTERS

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 CONCLUSION

This refers to the overall learning and the specific research answers for the current
study.

It must be concise but substantial. The problems posed in the Statement of the
Problem must be entirely answered.

It must be well – grounded with facts and figures from Chapter 2 and Chapter 4.

New gaps must be determined in the conclusion.

Strength of the result must be assessed.

“... Therefore conclude is not an expression to be used since it means redundancy.”

Tested hypothesis must also be explained thoroughly.

RECOMMENDATION

This deals with the area of suggestive improvement for future study.

With the recommendation, the research cycle will continue.

The researchers will give the remainder of the problems to the next research to
explore on and deepen it.

This is where the findings will be shared and other areas of interest will be keenly
observed.

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 PRELIMINARY PARTS OF THE RESEARCH
PAPER
FINAL DEFENSE GUIDELINES

Learning Competencies:
1. The learner determines every preliminary parts of the research paper;
2. The learner identifies the importance of principles and approaches of final
defense;

Discussion:

A.RESEARCH APPENDICES AND OTHER SUBSTANTIAL PARTS

 This section includes bibliography, curriculum vitae, abstract, table of contents,

title page, cover letter, acknowledgement, letter of approval, validation letter,
certificate of ethics regulation and sample of survey questionnaire and
sometimes the documentation and sometimes certification of English critic and a
statistician.

 This is important because it strengthens the academic formality of a research

paper and scientific contextuality of the study.

 It frames the problems into a compilation of inquiries formed through an

investigation and general organization.

 Bibliography –the reference list in accordance with the APA format.

 Curriculum Vitae – the description of the researchers to qualify to conduct a

study.

 Abstract - the brief discussion of what the readers could expect about the
content of a research study

 Acknowledgement – this section notes the people which the researchers are
thankful for in making sure that their study will be successful.

 Table of Contents – the section that presents the corresponding chapters of the
research and its corresponding pages into a comprehensive manner.

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  Title Page – the cover of the research paper that includes the document heading
of an institution and a set and standardized format by which the declaration of the
partial fulfillment of the course requirement of the researchers are emphasized.

 Cover letter – the letter that are attached for different research concerns and/or
permissions

 Validation Letter – the one that the researcher presents to assure that their
instrument had been properly checked.

 There are some letters that are addressed to assure that the research has been
approved for publication and some letters are presented to prove that there
study is ethical and objective enough.

 The letter for the critic and statistician are to ensure the syntactic and
computational rigidity of the study.

 Sample survey questionnaire must be presented in order to ensure that the

findings had been gathered through a relevant validatedmedium.

 Documentation is somehow necessary in order to show the processes that had

been followed in the study.

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 B. Research Defense

 Defense is a formal presentation of the researchers of the results and processes

of their study in a given time period and context, and to be presented into a set
of panelists.

 Defense measures how far the researchers know their research from the
problem until the result.

Who is the one to defend a paper?

 The researchers must be the one to defend or present their paper in a logical
manner.

 The researchers must answer thoroughly the questions to be given by the

panelists.

When to conduct a defense?

 A defense is always an indication of an evaluation of the product of the research

study. Thereby, it is advised that after the research is through, it must be
defended by the researchers to the panel board.

There are some cases of title defense for gauging the feasibility of the study and
pre-defense in order to see the authenticity of the paper prior its formality

Where to conduct a defense?

 It should be a place where the panel board are there and there will be no other
audience watching for fomality and contextuality purposes.

It must be an audio – visual room or a confenrence room

Why there is a defense?

 There is a defense because this is the time that the researchers will be able to
state the results of their study and how this result will yield another target study.

How defense can be done?

 The defense is possible if the questions are naswered directly by the

researchers.

 It is also done in an organized manner by stating the problems, facts, methods,

and results until the recommending points.

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 Defense is a formal presentation

The fundamentals of defense

 Research Paper – this the direct product of the researchers that is needed to be
presented, without it, there is no defense.

 Researchers – the people who conduct the study/investigation.

 Panelist – the people who will ask questions that are necessary to be answered
by the researchers.

 Question – the mediating statement that challenge researchers’ schema with

regards to their study.

 Answer – the statement of emphasis by the researcher

Good points to remember in doing a defense

 Be on point.

 Know your research well.

 Avoid stating opinions that are not contextual.

 Rely on facts.

 State the key points of your paper.

 Maintain good rapport.

 Analyze each question first before answering.

 Avoid inconsistent generalization.

 Be careful in utterance.

 Be objective in receiving questions.

 Listen to the panelist.

 Answer with respect to the context and responses of the other research
members.

 Face the panelists well- prepared.

 Voice must be well – modulated and well – projected.

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  Be accurate in stating answers.

 Make sure even smallest details of the research is familiar to all members.

 Avoid stating unnecessary information.

 Be convincing yet truthful.

Values to consider in a defense

 Integrity - Sound Decision- Making

 Honesty - Objectivity

 Truth - Transparency

 Organization - Coordination

 Humility - Assertiveness

 Courage - Composure

 Diligence - Excellence

 Persistence - Focus

Research Forum

 Is a special form of defense wherein it is regarded as a culimating activity that is

open for audiences in which selected good researchers will given a chance to
present their papers in a convention/congress.

 A forum is patterned to a program by which, the researchers have their time to

uplift the quality of their concluded research paper.

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NAME:
GRADE LEVEL/STRAND/SECTION:
TEACHER:
DATE

WRITTEN WORK # ___

Inferences
A. Directions: State a well – profound research inferences, based on the given set of
research findings.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT INNOVATIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES IN
MATHEMATICS

Innovative Teaching Rating Remarks

Strategies
Brainstorming 3.85 Effective
Problem Solving 4.55 Very Effective
Workshop 4.25 Effective
Simulation 4.00 Effective
Drills 4.50 Very Effective
Video Integration 4.25 Effective
Group Activity 4.55 Very Effective
Lecture 3.65 Effective

Statistical Treatment Result

Chi – Square Value 4.49 < 9.488, Accept Ho, no difference on
perspectives based on gender
Level of Significance 0.05
Test Statistic 8.06
z-value 0.9999
p-value -0.4999
Hypothesis -0.4999 < 0.05, Reject Ho, there is a
significant effect of various innovative
teaching strategy in Math to the
behavioural performance of students

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 B. Directions: Make a first-hand draft of every preliminary parts of the research
study that is being conducted by your group. List down all the preparations and
guidelines to be considered in the final research defense and explain its importances.

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