A Report on Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building 2019

A REPORTON

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Client: Mr. Dev Sharan Mahat

Project: Residential building
Site Location: Sunakothi 8-GA, LSMC, Lalitpur
Prepared by : Er.Amok Sundar Bajracharya (719)
CONTENTS
1. Introduction: 1
2. Project Statement: 1
3. General 2
4. Data of the Building 3
5. Geometry of the Building 4
5.1 Storey Number 4
6. Gravity load calculations 4
6.1 Unit Load Calculation 4
6.2 Slab Load Calculations 5
7. Seismic Analysis 6
8. Analysis By Space Frame 8
9. Load Combinations 8
10. Storey Drift 9
11. Design of Structural Elements with E-TABS v16 output. 10
12. DESIGN DATA 11
13. FIGURES 16
14. STRUCTURAL MEMBERS DESIGN 27

List of Tables
Table 1: AUTO SEISMIC STORY FORCES AT X-DIRECTION 7
Table 2:AUTO SEISMIC STORY FORCES AT Y-DIRECTION 8
Table 3:Drift Value 10
Table 4:Auto Seismic Load 12
Table 5:Storey Lateral Forces 12
Table 6:Center of Mass and Rigidity 12
Table 7:Design Reaction 13
Table 8:Storey forces 14
Table 9:Modal Mass Participation ratios 15
Table 10:Building Deflection 15
List of Figures

Figure 1:UNDEFORMED SHAPE..................................................................................................................17

Figure 2:Deformed Model............................................................................................................................18
Figure 3:DIAPHRAGMS...............................................................................................................................19
Figure 4:COLUMN REINFORCEMENT....................................................................................................20
Figure 5:COLUMN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT..........................................................................................21
Figure 6:BEAM REINFORCEMENT..............................................................................................................22
Figure 7:BEAM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................23
Figure 8:AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM..............................................................................................................24
Figure 9:SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM............................................................................................................25
Figure 10:MOMENT AT 3-3.........................................................................................................................26
Project: Structure Analysis and Design of Residential Building

1. Introduction:
Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source of
disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e.
tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.

In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are number
of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also it lies in
the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate and Tibetan
Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which cause the
slippage of the faults causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with respect to
seismic activities.

Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very severe
damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such destructive
earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S, 2045 B.S and 2072 are the recently known ones.

Thus the seismic structural design of structures is found to be very essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract, the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.

However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one in
75 years. Thus it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but not-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic
safety.

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

2. Project Statement:
Building is 2 and half storey Residential building with developed over total land area of 1194.399
sq. ft. and having ground coverage of 786.95 sq. ft. with total floor area of 2041.24 sq. ft. including
all plans and top floor.

The site is located in seismic zone V on a site with medium soil and is designed for seismic loads as
per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002.The design loads other than earthquake loads are considered as IS 875 (part
1) – 1987 for unit weight of the building material and IS 875 (part 2) – 1987 for Imposed load.

1
3. General
3.1 Type of the Building is Residential building.
3.2 230mm (9”) thick external brick wall and 110mm (4”) thick partition wall with 15 mm
plaster on both sides are considered.
3.3 All the slabs are supported by floor beams and behave as flanged beam section.
3.4 The main beam rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
3.5 The following Concrete Grades are used for the structural members.

M20- Column, Footing, Beam, slab and other structural elements

3.6 Steel Grade of Fe – 500 is used for longitudinal reinforcement and for Shear reinforcement
respectively.
3.7 Column of size used is as follows,

Type-A ( 1’ X 1’)

3.8 The floors diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

3.9 Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design.

3.10 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.

3.11For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly
larger moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfils requirement of flanged section in
design, behaves in between a rectangular and a flanged section for moment distribution.

3.12Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.

2
 4. Data of the Building
The Design data are as follow.

Live Load : 2.0kN/m2 at all typical floor

: 1.5kN/m 2 at roof

:4.0kN/m 2 at staircase

Floor Finish : 1.5kN/m 2 at all typical floors

: 1.0 kN/m 2 at roof

:2.0 kN/m 2 at staircase

Location :LSMC, Lalitpur

Wind Load : Since earthquake loads exceed the

wind load is not considered.

Earthquake Load :As per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002

Type of soil : Type II, Medium as per IS 1893(Part-I): 2002

Allowable bearing pressure :120kN/m2(as per Site Condition)

Type of Footing :Isolated Footing

Depth of Footing : 1’-6”(Concrete Grade-M20)

Storey Height : All Floors–9’-5”

Floors : Two and a half Floors

Walls : 230mm thick (1:6CM) brick masonry as external

:110 mm thick (1:4CM)brick masonry as partition

wall

Material Properties

Concrete

>M25 Grade: for column ,Ec = 5000 √fck N/mm2 = 25000 N/mm2 = 25000 MN/m2

>M20 Grade: for footing, column, beam, slab and other structural elements

Ec = 5000 √fck N/mm2 = 22360 N/mm2 = 22360 MN/m2

Steel HYSD reinforcement of gradeFe 500 and confirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.

3
 5. Geometry of the Building
The shape of the building is rectangular.

5.1 Storey Number

Storey numbers are given to the portion of the building between two successive grids of beams in
Z- direction. For the building, the storey numbers and ID are defined as follow.

Portion of the building Storey No. Storey

Ground Floor-First Floor 1 ST#-01
First Floor–Second Floor 2 ST#-02
Second Floor –Third Floor 3 ST#-03

6. Gravity load calculations

6.1 Unit Load Calculation

Sizes of structural member sections are:

Column:

 Type-A ( 1’ X 1’)

Main Beam :

 Type 1( 9” X 1’-2”)

Plinth Beam :

 Type 1( 9” X 1’-0” )

Lower Tie Beam :

 Type 1( 9” X 9” )

Secondary Beam :

 Type 1( 9” X 12” )

Strap Beam :

 Type 1( 1’-2” X 1’-6” )

Floor Slab Thickness: 5”

Staircase Waist Slab Thickness:6”

Self-weights of all structural members will be calculated and add by the analysis software itself. And, the other dead
weights (ie Wall Load, Partition wall Load, Finishing Loads) are calculated as per following;

4
Brick wall (230 mm thick) for floor

=0.23 x 19(wall) + 2 x 0.015 x 20 (plaster)

= 4.97 kN/m2

=12.5 kN/m

Brick partition wall (110 mm thick)

=0.65 kN/m2

Finishing Load

on floors (50mm screeding and punning)

=(50/1000) x 24

= 1.50 kN/m2

on stair and lobby (50mm screeding and punning+19mm marble)

=(50/1000) x 24 + (19/1000)*27

= 1.5 kN/m2

Note: average finishing load of 1.5 kN/m2 is assigned on all floor slab and 2.0 kN/m2 load is considered for staircase slab.

6.2 Slab Load Calculations

As self weight of all structural members are calculated and add by analysis software itself, the live
load, floor finishing load and partition load is assigned as per following:

Ground First Second Top

Componen
FL. FL. FL. FL.
t
(ST#-01) (ST#-02) (ST#-03) (ST#-04)
Loads (DL+LL) (DL+LL) (DL+LL) (DL+LL)

Live Load (0.0+0.0) (0.0+2.0) (0.0+2.0) (0.0+1.5)

Finishing
(0.0+0.0) (1.5+0.0) (1.5+0.0) (1.25+0.0)
Load

Partition
(0.0+0.0) (0.65+0.0) (0.65+0.0) (0.0+0.0)
Load

Total: (0.0+0.0) (2.15+2.0) (2.15+2.0) (1.25+1.5)

5
 7. Seismic Analysis
The building model has been analyzed as per IS 1893(part-I): 2002 in the analysis software which
will automatically calculate the seismic forces.

AUTO SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION

Case: EQX

AUTO SEISMIC INPUT DATA

Direction: X + Ecc.Y

Typical Eccentricity = 5%
Eccentricity Overrides: No

Period Calculation: User Defined

User T = 0.378

Top Story: Story 3

Bottom Story: BASE

Response reduction factor, R = 5[IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-7]

Zone Factor, Z = 0.36[IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-2]
Soil Type = II [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Figure-2]
Importance Factor, I = 1[IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Table-6]

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION FORMULAS

Design Seismic Base Shear, V = Ah * W [IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 7.5.3]

where,

Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per Clause 6.4.2, using the fundamental
natural period T,as per 7.6 in the considered direction of vibration
W = Seismic weight of the building as per Clause 7.4.2.
Therefore,
V = Z I Sa W / (2 R g)
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, (Sa/g) is taken as per followings,

Sa/g = 1 + 15T for 0.00<= T <= 0.10

Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.10<= T <= 0.55 (Soil Type II)
Sa/g = 1.36/T for 0.55 <= T <= 4.00 (Soil Type II) [IS
1893(Part 1):2002, Clause 6.4.2, Fig.-2]

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION RESULTS

6
 T Used = 0.378 sec
C Used = 0.09
W Used = 2448.124 KN

V Used = 0.09*W = 220.3312 KN

Ft Used = 0.00

Table 1: AUTO SEISMIC STORY FORCES AT X-DIRECTION

FZ
FX FY (KN)
STOREY
(KN) (KN)

Top floor 91.3758 0.00 0.00

Second
101.3785 0.00 0.00
Floor
0.00
First Floor 27.5759 0.00

Ground
0.00 0.00 0.00
Floor

Similarly in Y-direction,

Case: EQY

AUTO SEISMIC INPUT DATA

Direction: Y + Ecc.X
Typical Eccentricity = 5%
Eccentricity Overrides: No

Period Calculation: User Defined

T Used = 0.378 sec

Top Story: Story 4

Bottom Story: BASE

R=5
Z = 0.36
Soil Type = II
I=1
AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION FORMULAS

ST#-RF
 V = Z I Sa W / (2 R g)

Sa/g = 1 + 15T for 0.0 <= T <= 0.1

Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.1 <= T <= 0.55 (Soil Type II)
Sa/g = 1.36/T for 0.55 <= T <= 4.0 (Soil Type II)

AUTO SEISMIC CALCULATION RESULTS

T Used = 0.378 sec

C Used = 0.09
W Used = 2448.124 KN

V Used = 0.09*W = 220.3312 KN

Ft Used = 0.00

Table 2:AUTO SEISMIC STORY FORCES AT Y-DIRECTION

FZ
FX FY
STOREY (KN)
(KN) (KN)

Top floor 0.00 91.3758 0.00

Second
0.00 101.3785 0.00
Floor

First Floor 0.00 27.5759 0.00

Ground
0.00 0.00 0.00
Floor

8. Analysis By Space Frame

The space frame is modeled using standard structure analysis software. The gravity loads are taken
as per above calculations and design data considered, and the earthquake loads are taken in figure
(as shown above) as calculated by the analysis software. The basic load cases are shown in below,
where X and Y are lateral orthogonal directions.

9. Load Combinations

Following loads have been considered in the static analysis of the building as per IS 875-1987
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (+EQX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (-EQX)

8
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (+EQy)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Y and –y directions. Thus ±E above implies 4
cases, and in all, 13 cases (as shown below) must be considered. Since large amount of data is
difficult to handle manually, all load combinations are analyzed using software.
For design of various building elements (beams or columns), the design data may be collected from
computer output. For above load combinations, analysis is performed and results of deflections in
each storey and forces in various elements are obtained.

9.1 Load combinations used for design

Following 13 load combinations have been adopted as per IS 875: 1987 for the design of frame
members:

1.5(DL + LL)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQY)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQY)
1.5 (DL +EQX)
1.5 (DL -EQX)
1.5 (DL +EQY)
1.5 (DL -EQY)
0.9 (DL + 1.5 EQX)
0.9 (DL - 1.5 EQX)
0.9 (DL + 1.5 EQY)
0.9 (DL - 1.5 EQY)

10. Storey Drift

AS Per Clause no 7.11.1 of IS 1983 (Part 1): 2002, the storey drift in any storey due to specified
design lateral force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.
From the frame analysis the displacement of the mass centers of various floors are obtained and are
shown in following table along with storey drift

Table 3:Drift Value

TABLE: Story Max/Avg Drifts

Story Load Direction Max Avg Ratio

9
 Drift Drift
Case
mm mm
Story3 EQx X 3.212 2.893 1.11
Story3 EQy Y 2.762 2.681 1.03
Story2 EQx X 3.589 3.138 1.143
Story2 EQy Y 3.257 2.891 1.126
Story1 EQx X 2.981 2.684 1.11
Story1 EQy Y 2.646 2.306 1.148

Since maximum drift permitted is 0.4% .ie0.01424, the above drifts are less than it. Hence it is safe.

11. Design of Structural Elements with E-TABS v16 output.

The End moments and Shears at different location of selected structural elements for above
mentioned Load combination and load cases are obtained from computer analysis (E-TABS v16).

BEAMS

For the design of beams shear force and bending moments at three locations of each beams are
considered; at mid sections and at end of the member and both max +ve and –ve BM are considered
for each section. Hence we have six design BM and three SF values for each beam.

COLUMNS

Columns are designed for axial load and Bi-axial Bending Moments. Hence columns forces are
sorted for Max axial force and Moments in direction X and Y.

FOUNDATION
Isolated footing is designed at each of the ground floor column base using the reaction (output file
of E-TABS v16 analysis) obtained from the 3-D structural modeling of the building.

10
12. DESIGN DATA

11
 Table 4:Auto Seismic Load

TABLE: Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002

Load Eccentrici Soil Perio Base
Directio ty d Coe Weight Shear
Patter Type Z Typ I R
n ff
n % e sec kN kN
Seism X + Ecc. 0.3 2448.1
EQx ic Y 5 6 II 1 5 0.378 0.09 24 220.3312
Seism Y+ Ecc. 0.3 2448.1
EQy ic X 5 6 II 1 5 0.378 0.09 24 220.3312

Table 5:Storey Lateral Forces

TABLE: Auto Lateral Load to Story

Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
Story Location
m kN kN
Story3 8.6106 Top 91.3768 91.3768
Story2 5.7404 Top 101.3785 101.3785
Story1 2.8702 Top 27.5759 27.5759
Base 0 Top 0 0

Table 6:Center of Mass and Rigidity

TABLE: Centers of Mass and Rigidity

Mass Mass XC YC Cumulativ Cumulativ XCC YCC
Stor Diaphra X Y M M eX eY M M
y gm
kg kg m m kg kg m m
Stor 105500 105500 3.45 4.61 3.459 4.619
y1 D1 .8 .8 99 95 105500.81 105500.81 9 5
Stor 96669. 96669. 4.07 4.69 4.690
y2 D2 24 24 4 01 96669.24 96669.24 4.074 1
Stor 40184. 40184. 5.26 4.83 5.265 4.838
y3 D3 46 46 53 88 40184.46 40184.46 3 8

12
 Table 7:Design Reaction

TABLE: Design Reactions

Joint Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
Story
Label Combo kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
212.83 -
Base 1 DCon2 2.1251 8.7092 6 -6.8309 1.1139 -0.231
283.34
Base 2 DCon2 3.659 -6.758 3 7.7268 1.276 -0.231
183.99
Base 3 DCon2 2.2736 -1.0309 5 2.3364 0.5413 -0.231
153.50
Base 4 DCon2 4.3478 -3.6313 4 4.7839 3.0628 -0.231
312.33 -
Base 5 DCon2 -3.0747 -4.3137 8 6.2449 3.9233 -0.231
374.36 -
Base 6 DCon2 -2.9866 -2.8314 2 4.8497 4.4096 -0.231
550.49
Base 7 DCon2 -4.6134 -7.611 9 9.3483 -6.51 -0.231
499.57
Base 8 DCon2 -6.6691 3.587 4 -1.1912 -9.391 -0.231
21.348 363.14 0.280
Base 9 DCon2 -22.212 5 3 -12.949 -19.39 9
476.40 11.980 -
Base 13 DCon2 -5.2952 -9.6359 4 1 7.1518 -0.231
-
Base 14 DCon2 -1.5881 -3.4834 355.07 6.1894 3.0934 -0.231
344.60
Base 15 DCon2 1.3826 -5.3827 9 7.977 0.2718 -0.231
13.181 - 0.989
Base 16 DCon2 1.7254 7.8727 4 -1.3732 3.7239 4
30.925 - 2.157
Base 18 DCon2 1 3.1609 32.267 0.5066 3.2236 8

13
 Table 8:Storey forces

TABLE: Story Forces

P VX VY T MX MY
Load
Story Location k
Case
N kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Story3 EQx Top 0 -91.377 0 483.818 0 0
Story3 EQx Bottom 0 -91.377 0 483.818 0 -262.27
Story3 EQy Top 0 0 -91.377 -481.12 0 0
Story3 EQy Bottom 0 0 -91.377 -481.12 262.271 0
Story2 EQx Top 0 -189.07 0 986.576 0 -262.27
Story2 EQx Bottom 0 -192.76 0 990.367 0 -810.24
Story2 EQy Top 0 0 -189.07 -879.14 262.271 0
Story2 EQy Bottom 0 0 -192.76 -901.13 810.238 0
Story1 EQx Top 0 -219.41 0 1125.66 0 -810.24
Story1 EQx Bottom 0 -220.33 0 1126.61 0 -1441.3
Story1 EQy Top 0 0 -219.41 -993.36 810.238 0
Story1 EQy Bottom 0 0 -220.33 -998.86 1441.31 0

14
 Table 9:Modal Mass Participation ratios

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Perio
Mod d U
Case UX UY Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ
e Z
sec
Moda 0.370 0.021
l 1 0.607 9 9 0 0.3709 0.0219 0
Moda 0.174 0.594
l 2 0.42 3 5 0 0.5452 0.6165 0
Moda 0.284 0.186
l 3 0.381 8 8 0 0.83 0.8033 0
Moda 0.000
l 4 0.187 0.064 4 0 0.894 0.8037 0
Moda 0.017 0.074
l 5 0.149 1 9 0 0.9112 0.8787 0
Moda 0.026 0.038
l 6 0.147 4 8 0 0.9376 0.9175 0
Moda 0.023 0.000
l 7 0.11 7 7 0 0.9613 0.9182 0
Moda 0.028
l 8 0.09 0.013 5 0 0.9743 0.9467 0
Moda 0.007 0.021
l 9 0.082 1 3 0 0.9814 0.968 0
Moda 0.006 0.001
l 10 0.078 9 9 0 0.9883 0.97 0
Moda 0.005 0.006
l 11 0.061 2 6 0 0.9935 0.9766 0
Moda 0.000 0.014
l 12 0.056 7 4 0 0.9942 0.991 0

Table 10:Building Deflection

TABLE: Story Max/Avg Displacements

Maximu Averag
Load Directio m e
Story Ratio
Case n
mm mm
Story
4 EQx X 15.289 10.657 1.435
Story
3 EQx X 11.649 7.907 1.473
Story
2 EQx X 7.692 5.215 1.475
Story
1 EQx X 3.247 2.248 1.444

15
 Story
4 EQy Y 7.954 7.274 1.093
Story
3 EQy Y 6.127 5.444 1.125
Story
2 EQy Y 3.942 3.448 1.143
Story
1 EQy Y 1.592 1.375 1.158

Since maximum deflection permitted is total height of building/250, the above defelctions are less
than it. Hence it is safe.

Here,

The ratio of Max Displacement/Avg Displacement<1.2.

So building is safe in Torsion.

13. FIGURES

16
Figure 1:UNDEFORMED SHAPE

17
18
Figure 2:Deformed Model

Figure 3:DIAPHRAGMS

19
20
Figure 4:COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

21
Figure 5:COLUMN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

22
Figure 6:BEAM REINFORCEMENT

23
24
Figure 7:BEAM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

25
Figure 8:AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM

26
Figure 9:SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

27
Figure 10:MOMENT AT 3-3

28
 14. STRUCTURAL MEMBERS DESIGN

Column Design

Beam Design

Slab Design

Staircase Design

Isolated Footing Design

Strap Beam Footing

Design of Square Column

29
 Steel Grade=
Concrete Grade = M20 Fe500

Ste
Ref. p Calculations       Output
    Column ID:Grid A-3, C9 at Ground floor level        
             
  1 Known Data        
300.0
Overall Depth of Column, D= mm D= 300mm
    0
300.0
Width of Column, B= mm B = 300mm
    0
    Height, L= 2.87 m L = 2.87m
N/m
 
    Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 m2
500.0 N/m
 
    Strength of steel fy = 0 m2
             
Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS
Min. Reinforcement,      
456: 2000 a  
720.0
0.8% of BD Astmin= 720mm2
    Astmin = 0 mm2
Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 3600. Astmax =
Max. Reinforcment, Max. Ast = 4% of BD
456: 2000 b Astmax = 00 mm2 3600.00mm2
5400. Astmax =
But in extreme case, Max. Ast = 6% of BD
    Astmax = 00 mm2 5400.00mm2
             
  2 Design for section        
474.7
Axial Load, KN
    Pu = 7  
    Moment about x-axis Mx = 10.37 KNm  
    Moment about y-axis My = 53.68 KNm  
    eccentricity =        
clear height of column lateral dim ension
 e= 14.93 mm
Clause 25.4 of IS   500 30
456:2000    
    clear height of column L= 2.46 m  
eccentricity  20mm      
       

take e= 20.00 mm
     
    Min.Moment Pue = 9.50 KNm  
    Moment about y-axis Mx = 10.37 KNm  
    Moment about x-axis My = 53.68 KNm  
  a Approx Design        
  i Design for Earthquake in X-direction        
474.7
Axial Load, KN
    Pu = 7  
    Ultimate Moment about y-axis Mux = 10.37 KNm  
Pu

  f ck DB 0.26  
 
     
      0.019    
M ux
2

f ck BD

30
  

    Clear cover, C= 40.00 mm  

      f= 16.00 mm  
    d' = 40+16/2 =48mm d' = 48.00 mm  
d'/D =48/300 =0.16 0.160  
    d'/D =P  

SP16, chart 47,48    f ck 0.000  
   
  ii Design for Earthquake in Y-direction        
474.7
Axial Load, KN
    Pu = 7  
    Ultimate Moment about x-axis Muy = 53.68 KNm  
Pu
  
0.26  
f ck BD
 
     
M ux
2

  f ck BD
  0.099  
     
    Clear cover, C= 40.00 mm  
      f= 16.00 mm  
    d' = 40+16/2 =48mm d' = 48.00 mm  
d'/B =48/300=0.16 0.160  
    d'/B =P  

   f 0.040  
SP16, chart 47,48   ck  
       P      

The required steel will be higher of above two  f ck 0.040  
     
      pt = 1.50 %  
1350.
  Asc =  
    00 mm2
    Providing ( 8#16)mm dia        
1608. Act. Asc=1608.19
Asc provided =  
    19 mm2 mm2
Percentage of steel, 1.79 %  
    pt = P

   f ck 0.089  
     
SP16, chart 47,48   for p/fck = 0.112 and Pu/fckBD = 0.26        
M ux

  f ck BD 2 0.200  
 
     
108.0
  Muxl = KNm Muxl= 108.00KN-m
    0
for p/fck = 0.112 and Pu/fckBD = 0.26    
SP16, chart 47,48   M  uy  
2

  f ck DB
  0.200  
     

31
 108.0
  Muyl = KNm Muyl = 108.00KN-m
    0
             
             
             
Clause 39.6 of IS 1398.
Puz = 0.45fckAg + (0.75fy-0.45fck)Asc KN
456:2000   PuzP
= 60  
u

  P uz 0.34  
     
    an = 1.19 an = 1.23    
n n
 M ux   M uy 
      0.48 <1 Hence OK
   M uyl 
   
 M uxl   
             

    Hence OK        
             
  3 Design of Lateral Ties        
             
    diameter ³ 20/4 =5mm   8.00 mm  
    ³ 8mm        
Lateral Ties,f = 8
  i. Providing 8mmf lateral ties       mm
Clause 26.5.3.2© IS
456:2000   Pitch of Lateral Ties minimum of of below        
    b of the column=300 mm        
    £ 300mm        
128.0
    £ 16f = 16x8 = 128mm   0    
Clause 26.5.1.5 IS 225.0
456:2000   0.75d = 0.75x300 = 225 mm   0 mm  
Clause 7.3.3 IS 150.0
13920:1993   £ b/2 =300/2=150 mm   0 mm  
    But From Ductility Consideration        
Clause 7.4.1 IS
13920:1993   Confinement Length l0       l0=710.00 mm
    ³ 300mm        
717.5
    ³ L/4   0 mm  
    ³ 710mm        
For Confinment
  ii. Pitch of Lateral Ties       Zone,l0
Clause 7.4.6 IS
13920:1993   ³ 75mm       Pitch=100 mm
Clause 7.4.6 IS 100.0
13920:1993   £ 1/4 x 300=75mm   0 mm  
    = 100 mm        
Provide 8mmf lateral ties @ 100mm upto
    717.5mm from either ends of column        
  iii. Pitch at mid portion of column       For Mid Portion
    = 125mm       Pitch=125 mm
Provide 8 mmf lateral ties @ 125mm on
    remaining part.        
             

32
Design of
Beam
Concrete grade = M
20
Steel grade = Fe500 and Fe500 for stirrups
Beam along Grid A1-B1 at First Floor
Ste
Ref. p Calculation       Output
  1 Known Data    
    Overall Depth, D= 350.00 mm D = 350 mm
    Width, B= 230.00 mm B = 230 mm
    Lenth of Beam, L= 4,139 mm  
    Considering 16 mm dia bar, f= 16.00 mm  
    clear cover = 25mm c= 25.00 mm  
    effective depth ,d = D - clear cover- 2    
    d = D - clear cover- /2 d= 317.00 mm  
    d' = clear cover +2 d' = 33.00 mm  
         
N/m
    characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 m2  
N/m
    Strength of steel fy = 500.00 m2  
IS:13920-
1993     L/D = 11.83 >4  
Hence
cl. 6.1.4 2 Minimum reinforcement ok    
IS13920:1993   0.24 fck    
Ast min  bd
cl. 6.2.1.b   fy Astmin = 156.510 mm2 Astmin =156.51 mm2
    pt,min= 0.215%    
IS13920:1993   Maximum reinforcement    
1,822.7
cl. 6.2.2   Ast max = 0.025bd Astmax = 5 mm2 Astmax=2110.25mm2
    limiting moment, Mulim = 2.76bd2 Mulim = 61.76 KNm Mulim =82.78KNm
  3 Beam 2A-2B; ID B3    
    At right end    

       
      -6.52kN-m -64.88kN-m  
2 3
       
+1.87kN-m +96.5kN-m
       
       
       
Sp16 Table2   1. Design for Hogging Moment  
(Hogging moment)
    Ultimate moment Mu = 64.88 KNm -ve

DoublyReinforcedSec
    Mu > Mulim   tion
    For Doubly Reinforced Beam    
    Table 54, SP16 d' / d = 0.10    
Mu / bd2
      = 2.81    
    Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.710 %  

33
 Astmin =517.66mm2
2
    Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 517.66 mm (Top)
    Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 1.130 %  
Ascmin
    Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 823.88 mm2 =823.88mm2(Bot)
    Since, Ascmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 517.66 mm2  
Asc at bottom is not required but as per IS
13920:1993, cl.6.2.3 Asc must be at least 50% of
    Ast    
    Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 1.13 %  
Ascmin
    Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 823.88 mm2 =823.88mm2(Bot)
       
    2. Design for Sagging Moment    
    The beam is designed as T beam    
The limiting capacity of the T-beam assuming xu
    < Df and    
    xu < xu,max may be calculated as follows.    
(Sagging moment)
    Ultimate moment Mu = 47.16 KNm +ve
       
IS 456: 20      
cl. 23.1.2      
       
    Where Df = Depth of flange 125 mm   Slab thickness
    bw = width of web / rib 230 mm    
    bf = width of flange    
Lowest of above
    2  
       
       
    1669.833333 mm    
    Ast= 517.66 mm2    
IS:13920:199
3      
cl.6.2.3      
    18.73 mm    
    < Df    
    < xu,max    
Hence
      OK    
    But Asc must be at least 50% of Ast hence,    
2
    Asc = 258.83 mm    
    3. Required Reinforcement    
  Ast,Top = 517.66 mm2    
2
  Ast,Bott = 258.83 mm    
       
       
         
4 Design Shear Strength of Concrete    
    Tensile steel provided at right end = 0.71% pt    
IS:456:2000   Permissible design shear stress of concrete    

34
Table 19   Ʈc= 0.400 MPa    
    Vc = 29.16 kN    
    Maximun shear at right end, Vu = 117.73 kN    
       
    Design Shear    
    Vus = Vu – Vc 88.57 kN    
    Vus / d = 2.79 kN/cm    
    Referring to Table 62 of SP:16, we get the    
    required spacing of 2 legged 8φ stirrups as    
    400mm c/c    
         
As per Clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920:1993, the
    spacing    
    of stirrups in the mid-span shall not exceed    
    d/2 = 367/2 =183.5mm 158.50 mm    
         
    Minimum shear reinforcement as per    
    Clause 26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000 is given by:    
    Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b)    
    = 2 x 50 x 0.87 x 415 / (300 x 0.4)    
    = 300 mm.    
         
    Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end    
    of beam as per Clause 6.3.5 of IS13920: 1993    
    shall be the least of:    
    i) d/4 = 367/4 =91.75mm 79.25 mm    
    ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar    
  = 8 x 16 = 128 mm 128.00 mm    
  However, it need not be less than 100 mm.    
  Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8 φ stirrups @100mm   Provide 8 φ stirrups
  c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d =   @100mm c/c over a
  2 x 367= 734mm 634.00 mm   length of 734mm
     
    Elsewhere, provide stirrups at 150 mm c/c        

Design of Slab

Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is less than 2 hence the

slab is designed as a two way slab.

TwoShortEdgesDisContinuous:              
Basic dimensions of slab       =   Lx Ly  
                3.55 4.50  
Basic Ly/Lx ratio         =   1.268 <2  
Hence designed as two
                way slab
ThreeEdgesDiscontinuousOneLongEdge:   d' =     15 mm
125.
Provided overall depth     D =     00 mm

35
Effective depth       d =   3.58 4.14 mm
Diameter of bar       f =     8 mm
                     
N/m
Select Grade of Concrete     fck =     20 m²
N/m
Select Grade of Steel     fy =     500 m²
                     
Load calculation :                
                     
kN/
Dead load of the slab     DL =     3.13 m²
kN/
Floor finish(Roof finish)     FF =     1.50 m²
kN/
Live load       LL =     2.00 m²
kN/
Partition load       DL =     0.65 m²
kN/
Total load       TL =     7.28 m²
                     
Moment and Area of Steel calculations:            
                     
                     
Mu/ Ast Min Dia of Spa Ast
Span Moment Mu bd² Pt reqd Ast bar cing pro
kN N/m
  Coefficient .m m2 % mm² mm² mm mm mm²
ax 6.5 0.5 0.0 151. 131. 150. 335.
shorter neg 0.048 44 46 01 865 400 8.000 000 103
ax 4.9 0.4 0.0 112. 131. 150. 335.
  pos 0.036 08 09 01 858 400 8.000 000 103
ay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 131. 150. 335.
longer neg 0.000 00 00 00 0 400 8.000 000 103
ay 4.6 0.3 0.0 107. 131. 150. 335.
  pos 0.034 76 90 01 387 400 8.000 000 103
                     
0.068
Check for Deflection 1626                
0.051
    122            
109.
=
The effective depth provided 0       500 mm
0.043
 
From figure 3 of I.S 456:2000 modification factor is 5          
Modification factor         = 2.00  
77.1
=
Required depth under deflection consideration   7 mm
HENCE
 
              SAFE

`
TYPICAL DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
Bearing Capacity 120 kN/m2

36
 Steel grade, Fe 500 kN/m2
Charecteristic strength, fy 20 kN/m2
Cover, side 50 mm
bottom 75 mm
Footing Type
column ID   5
b, mm 300.00
size
d, mm 300.00
Pu, kN 367.00
Mu, kN-m 7.61
Foundation area m2 3.06
size of square footing m 1.75
take footing size m 1.75
Wt. of Column kN 36.70
Total Pu kN 403.70
eccentricity, e m 0.02
qa kN/m2 179.76
for solver 0.00
L m 1.89
Adopt, L m 1.90
ft 6.00
Depth of footing
Max. BM method
P'1 kN 108.32
P'2 kN 95.01
Take P', max kN 108.32
if P'<qa OK
Dist of Col. From edge m 0.80
Stress at 0.8m kN/m2 102.71
2
Stress Diff. kN/m 5.61
Mxx kN-m 64.72
Calculation for eff. depth
Equivalent rec method
Resisting Width m 0.50
For solver 0.00
Depth,d mm 216.56

From trapezoidal section

For solver 0.00
Depth ,d mm 201.07
D mm 475.00
D inch 19.00
Adopted depth,d mm 400.00
Punching Shear Check
Punching shear 0.20
Safe Capacity 1.12
OK
Reinforcement
For Solver 0.00
Ast mm2 391.08

37
 Bar Dia mm 12.00
Spacing mm 505.00
  inch c/c 6.00
No of Bars No. 13.00
Total No. of Bars No. 26.00
Length of Each Bar m 1.90

Design of Strap Footing (Isolated)

1. Determination of size of Footing
Load from eccentric column(A): 312 KN
Load from non-eccentric column(B): 374 KN
Size of column(A): 0.3 m
Size of column(B): 0.3 m

C/C Spacing Between Columns(s): 2.49 m

N/m
Allowable soil bearing capacity: 120 m2
Grade of Concrete, (fck): 20
Grade of Steel,(fy): 500

i) Total load transferred by the Columns, W= 686

ii) Self Wt. of the footing and earth over it
Assume @ 10% of W= 68.6
Hence Total Wt., W= 754.6

-------
Required area of footing (L1xB1+L2xB2) 6.29 m2 ----

Location of C.G from A, n= 1.36 m

Lets choose L1 such that the C.G. of the footing lies at the mid of the footing length
m= 0.15
L1*B1*(m+n-0.5*L1)=L2*B2*(s-n)
L1*B1*(0.15+1.36-0.5*L1)=L2*B2*(2.49085365853659-1.36)
1.51L1*B1-0.5*L1^2*B1=1.13085365853659L2*B2

Footing
  Footing A(L1,B1) B(L2,B2)
254.8
Reaction 431.16 KN 4 KN
2.123
Required Area 3.593 m2 667 m2

Length(L) 1.68 m 1.83 m

Width(B) 1.67 m 1.823 m
x ok

38
 111.8
Net Upward Pressure(P): 163 OK

0.688
Eccentricity(e): 415 m
214.7
Eccentric Moment (M): 854

2. Determination of moment and shear in a strap footing

Factored Colum load of A= 468
Factored Colum load of B= 561
Factored eccentric moment(Mu)= 322.17805
Factored Shear(Vu)= 178.7456

  Footing A Footing B
382.2
Factored Reaction 646.75 KN 5 KN
208.9 KN/
385.70 KN/m
Factored Pressure per unit length 7 m

Shear Diagram:
At -
point 352.2
1: Vu=385.7*0.3-468 = 9
At
point 178.7
2: Vu=385.7*1.67682926829268-468 = 6
At
point 178.7
3: Vu=385.7*1.67682926829268-468 = 6
At
point Vu=385.7*1.67682926829268- 338.5
4: 468+208.97*0.764634146341463 = 4
At -
point 159.7
5: Vu=208.97*-0.764634146341463 = 9

Moment Diagram:
At -
point 52.8
1: Mu=385.7*0.3*0.3/2-468*0.5*0.3 = 4
At -
Mu=385.7*1.67682926829268*1.67682926829268/2-
point 172.
468*1.52682926829268
2: = 31
At -
Mu=385.7*1.67682926829268*(1.67682926829268/2+0.0493902
point 163.
439024392)-468*(1.52682926829268+0.0493902439024392)
3: = 48
At Mu=385.7*1.67682926829268*(1.67682926829268/2+0.0493902 = 34.2

39
 439024392+0.764634146341463)-
point
468*(1.52682926829268+0.0493902439024392+0.764634146341
4:
463)+208.97*0.764634146341463*0.764634146341463/2 9
At
point 61.0
5: Mu=208.97*0.764634146341463*0.764634146341463/2 = 9

3. Design of Beam

i) Calculation of depth of beam

width of beam, b1= 350 mm

Beam Depth is designed for the max moment, considering singly reinforced balanced section.
bd2=Mu,max/(0.36fck(xu,l/d)(1-0.416xu,l/d)
Effective depth of beam(d)= 326.80
See Above Cell to
Adopt overall depth, D= 450 mm adopt the final value
final value of d= 394

ii) Reinforcement for Hogging Bending Moment ( Top Bars)

So for Tension bar
Ast= 620.36 mm2
Dia. Bar used= 16 mm
Number of bars= 3.09 Nos.
See Above Cell to
Adpot Number of Bars= 4 Nos. adopt the final value

iii) Reinforcement for Sagging Bending Moment ( Bottom Bars)

Tension bar Ast
Ast= 439.88 mm2
Dia. Bar used= 16 mm
Number of bars= 2.19 Nos.
See Above Cell to
Adopt Number of Bars= 4 Nos. adopt the final value

iv) Shear Reinforcement Design

Footing strap width= 0.4 m
Effective Depth= 0.394 m

Check for direct shear

Factored Shear force,Vu = 178.76 KN
Reinforcement Diameter = 0.01 m
Area of bar used = 7.854E-05 m2

40
 Legge
No. of Leg = 2 d

KN/m
Design Shear strength of concrete, Ʈc = 280 2
Vc= 44.128 KN
Vus=Vu-Tc*b*d = 134.63 KN
mm
Sv= 165.972 c/c
mm
Adopt, Sv= 150 c/c

Design of
staircase
Grade of
concrete = 20 KN/m2
(Fck)
Grade of
steel = 500 KN/m2
(Fy)
Live load
per m2 on = 4 KN/m2
plan
Floor
Finish = 2 KN/m2
thickness
Specific
weight of = 25 KN/m3
RCC(γRCC)

1) Riser and
tread detail
Tot
  For flight AB For flight CD
al
Riser 179 179  
No. of riser 8 8 16
Tread 304 304  
No. of tread 7 7 14

Total
floor = 2864 mm
height
= 9.40 "

2) Calculation of effective span and approximation of thickness of waist slab

i) For flight
AB
Landing 1 = 914.63 mm
Landing 2 = 457.32 mm

41
 Support
width on = 230 mm Beam Support
both sides
Effective
= 2,665.95 mm
span(L)

Therefore thickness of waist slab is to be

between L/25 to L/20
= 106.6380488 133.297561
mm mm

Hence,taking effective depth of waist slab as 125 mm with effective cover 25 mm

The overal depth of waist slab is 150mm
Thickness
= 150 mm
of slab

3) Calculation
of loads on
flights
i) For flight
AB
Area of
step = 27,208.00 mm2
section
Finish
= 966.00 mm2
area
Area of
inclined = 52,917.70 mm2
slab
Total area = 81,091.70 mm2
= 0.08 m2

Dead Load(DL) of step section 1 m in width and 280 mm in plan length

= 2.03 KN/m

DL per m2
= 6.67 KN/m2
on plan
Live load
per m2 on = 3.00 KN/m2
plan(LL)
Total load
per m2 on = 9.67 KN/m2
plan(W)

Taking
1.5 factor
of safety
Total factored = 14.50 KN/m2
load per m2 on

42
 plan

Taking 1 m
width of slab
Uniform
load(UDL) on
= 14.50 KN/m
flight per
m(Wu)

4) Calculation of loads on Landings per m2

on plan
Self weight of
= 3.75 KN/m2
slab
Finish load = 2.00 KN/m2
Total dead load = 5.75 KN/m2
Factored dead
= 8.63 KN/m2
load
Live load = 4.00 KN/m2
Factored Live
= 6.00 KN/m2
load
Total Factored
= 14.63 KN/m2
load(Wu)

Taking 1 m
width of slab
Uniform dead load
only on landings 14.63 KN/m
per m =
Uniform load
on landings per = 14.63
m(Wu)

i) For landing
(Clause 33.2,IS:456-2000)
AB
Uniform load of 14.5 KN/m is acted through the section of landing.
For flight AB and CD UDL on landings B and C is also 14.63 KN/m

ii) For landing

(Clause 33.2,IS:456-2000)
BC
For both
landing
Width of
support = 230 mm
wall
Since (230/2 = 115 mm) > 110 mm

In a distance of 150 mm from the face of the wall,there will be no live load in accordance with

43
clause 33.2 of the code.In a distance equal to 150 mm from the wall and a distance equal to 75 mm
inside the wall only dead load will be considered.In remaining span same load as in landing AD will act.

5) Check for effective depth and determination of reinforcement.

i) For flight
BC
UDL on flight = 14.50 KN/m
UDL on landing B and
= 14.63 KN/m
C
Landing width 1 = 0.91 m
Landing width 2 = 0.46 m
Flight length = 1.29 m

Reaction at end
B and C
R
KN/m
B 19.43
RC KN/m
19.40
Point of
contraflexure

1.33
M
ax
KN-m
- 56.40
Mu

Check for
effective depth
Mu = 0.36*Fck*b*Xu,lim*(d-0.416*Xu,lim)
For Fe-500 and M-20 concrete and Xu,lim =
0.46*d
For unit width
b=1m
On substituting
the value we
get
d = 142.24 mm
adopt this value

Adopt effective depth of 125 mm with effective cover of 25 mm so, overal depth is 150

Therefore
limiting
moment
Mu,lim = 0.138*Fck*b*d2
= 2.76*b*d2
= 62.10 KnN-m
KN-m >Mu Double reinforced

44
Determination
of
reinforcement

Mu = 0.87*Fy*Ast*(d-0.416*Xu)

Mu = 0.87*Fy*Ast*(d-Fy*Ast/(Fck*b))
56.4*106 = 0.87*500*Ast*(125-500*Ast/(20*1000))
Now solving
for Ast we get,
Ast 869.36 mm2
Using 12 mm
bars spacing of As 113.10 mm2
bars is
Spacing
130.09 mm
(S) =

So,provide 12 mm bars @ 125 mm C/C.

So,area of
steel = 904.78 mm2
provided

Check for
(Clause 40.1,40.2.1,Table-19,IS:456-2000)
shear
Maximum shear
force at face = RB
(Vmax)
= 19.43 KN
Nominal shear
strength of = Vmax/bd
concrete (τv)
= 0.16 N/mm2
Percentage of
tensile steel of = 100*Ast/bd
mid span(Ast)
0.01 %
Shear strength of M20 N/
concrete for 0.804% = 0.42 mm
2
steel(τc)
Shear stregth of
slab (τs)
= Kτc
For overal depth
(Clause
D=150 mm , = 1.3
40.2.1.1)
K
>
0.2
So , τ s
= 0.55 N/mm2
25
(τv)
Hence,it
is safe

45
 in shear.
Check for (Clause 26.2.1,26.2.1.1 ,IS:456-2000)
development length
The minimum development length required (Ld) = (0.87*Fy*Ф)/(4*τbd)
Dia of bars used
= 10 mm
(Ф)
For M20
concrete
designed bond = 1.2 N/mm2
stress(τbd)
Which is
increased by
60% for Fe-500
used
Fy = 500 N/mm2
So,The minimum
development length = 566.406 mm
required (Ld) = 47*Ф
Hence, minimum of 906.250 mm anchorage length beyond the point up to which rod is to
be provided should be
extended.

Moment of resistant offered by 12 mm bars

@100mm C/C
M = 0.87Fy*Ast(dx-Fy*Ast/Fckb)
= 50.13 KN-m
Maximum shear
force at face = RA
(Vmax)
= 19.43 KN
Ld ≤
1.3M/V
+Lo
Assuming additional
anchoraage length (Lo) = 0
OR, 47Ф ≤ 3354.432
OR, Ф≤ 71.37 mm
Provided Ф(16 mm) ≤ 87.02 mm
Hence ok
So no additional anchorage length is required.

6) Temperature (Distribution)
Reinforcement
Provide 1-10 mm bar as temperature reinforcement in each riser.In the waist slab provide minimum of
0.12 % steel as temperature
reinforcement.

Therefore area
of temperature 180
reinforcement =

46
 = 150.00 mm2 /m
So,provide 10 mm bar @ 150mm2 C/C

47