Sets

1 The Venn diagram shows the sets Ᏹ, P, Q and R. 4024/12/O/N/10/11

Ᏹ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Ᏹ Q
P
(a) Find the value of n(Q  R). 1 2 5
4 3 6 9
(b) List the elements of the set P⬘  (Q  R). 10
7 8
R

(c) One element is chosen at random from Ᏹ.

Write down the probability that this element belongs to (P  Q)  (P  R).

2 (a) Use set notation to describe the shaded region in the Venn diagram.
4024/12/M/J/19


P Q

R .................................................... [1]

(b)  = {x : x is a positive number}

A = {x : 9 1 x 1 10}
B = {x : x is an irrational number}

Write down an element of A + B . .................................................... [2]

3 (a) On the Venn diagram, shade the set C l + ^A , Bh. 4024/12/O/N/14/06


A B

(b) % = { −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

P = { −1, 0, 1, 2 }

Q = " x2 : x ! P ,

Find n ^ Q h.
4 (a) Using set notation, describe the shaded region in the Venn diagram. 4024/11/M/J/11/07


A B

(b) In the Venn diagram, shade the region represented by Pʹ ∩ (Q ∪ R ).

Ᏹ
P Q

5 Ᏹ = { x : x is an integer and x ⬎ 5 } 4024/11/O/N/11/15 Ᏹ F

P = { x : x is a prime number }
F = { x : x is a multiple of 4 }
S = { x : x is a multiple of 6 }

The Venn diagram shows the Universal set and the set F.

(a) Draw and label the two sets P and S to complete the Venn diagram.

(b) Write down a possible element y such that y is an even number and y ∈ (F S)⬘.

4024/12/O/N/11/10
6 The Venn diagram shows the Universal set and the set B.
A and C are two sets such that

A B = B, A B  B, A C=∅ and B C  ∅.

Draw the sets A and C in the Venn diagram. Ᏹ B

7 (a) Given that A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } and B = { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }, find n( A B ). 4024/11/O/N/12/21

(b) Ᏹ = { p, q, r, ... } Ᏹ
X Y
On the Venn diagram, write
each of the letters p, q, and r in
its appropriate subset, given that

p X Y Z,

q X⬘ Y⬘ Z⬘,

r (X Y )⬘ Z.

[3]

8 In a survey, 60 students are asked 4024/12/O/N/12/14

which of the subjects Biology (B),
Ᏹ
History (H ) and Spanish (S) they
are studying. B H

The Venn diagram shows the results.

3
15 16
27 students study History.
2
(a) Find the values of p and q. 5 p
(b) Find n(H ʹ).
9
(c) Find n(B ∪ H ) ∩ S ʹ.
q
S

9 (a) Use set notation to describe the shaded subset in the Venn diagram. 4024/11/O/N/14/10


P

Q R

(b) In a group of students
30 play cricket,
38 play football and
9 play neither cricket nor football.

Find the lowest possible number of students in the group.

10  = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 4024/12/M/J/13/10
A = {odd numbers}
B = {multiples of 3}

(a) Complete the Venn diagram to illustrate this information�


A B

(b) Find the value of n (A B)�

(c) List the elements of the set A B9�

11 (a) Express, in set notation, the subset shaded in the diagram. 4024/11/O/N/13/14


A B

(b)  = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}

P = {a, b, c}

Q = {b, c, d, e, f}
(i) Find n ^P , Qh.
(ii) List the members of the subset P l + Q .

12 (a) On the Venn diagram, shade the set P l + ^Q , Rh. 4024/12/M/J/14/11


P Q

(b) A group of 40 children are asked what pets they own.

Of these children, 13 own a cat, 5 own both a cat and a dog and 15 own neither a cat
nor a dog.

Using a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of children who own a dog, but
not a cat.
13 (a) In the Venn diagram, shade the region which represents the subset (P , Q)l + R . 4024/11/M/J/16/23


P Q

(b)  = { x : x is an integer and 22 G x G 33 }

E = { x : x is an even number }
T = { x : x is a multiple of 3 }
F = { x : x is a multiple of 4 }

(i) List the members of T + F .

(ii) Find n (E , T ) .

(iii) Given that y ! F l + E  , find one possible value of y.

14 50 students are asked what type of movie they like to watch. 4024/12/M/J/16/09
Of these students,

• 26 like comedy,
• 15 like both action and comedy and
• 8 like neither action nor comedy.

Using a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of students who like action but not comedy.

4024/11/O/N/16/12
15 (a)  = { 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 }

P = { x : x is an even number }

Q = { x : x is a multiple of 3 }

(i) Find n(P , Q).

(ii) Given that y   and that y is a prime number, write down the value of y.
(b) In the Venn diagram, shade the region represented by A' + B.


A B
16 (a)  = { x : x is an integer, 40 G x G 50 } 4042/11/M/J/15/18

P = { x : x is a prime number }

Q = { x : x is a multiple of 6 }

(i) Find n( P ).

(ii) List the members of Q.
(b) In a group of 25 people,
11 people own both a bicycle and a skateboard,
6 people own neither a bicycle nor a skateboard,
n people own a bicycle.
Find the smallest and the largest possible values of n.

17 TheVenndiagramshowsthesetsA,BandC. 4024/12/M/J/15/08


A B
p q r
t u
s
v
C w
 

 
Listtheelementsof

 (a) A∪B,  (b) B′∩C.

18 (a) On the Venn diagram, shade the set B + (A , C )l . 4024/12/O/N/15/15

 B
A

(b) % = { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 }

W = { x : x is a multiple of 2 }

H = { x : x is a multiple of 3 }

(i) Find n (W ∪ H ).
(ii) List the members of W + H l .
 4024/01/M/J 2003/01/18

19 (a) In a group of language students,

24 studied Spanish, 23 studied French and 15 studied German,
12 studied Spanish and French,
10 studied German and French,
6 studied Spanish and German,
4 studied all three languages.
By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, calculate the number of students who
studied
(i) both Spanish and French, but not German,
(ii) only one language.
(b) The set A consists of the points whose coordinates (x, y) are given by
A # {(x, y) : y # 2x ! 1}.
The points in set B are given by B # {(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 6)}.
Find
(i) n(B), (ii) A ∞ B.
20 (a) On the Venn Diagram in the answer space, shade the set (A, † B,) ∞ C. 4024/01/O/N 2003/15

Answer (a)
A B

C
[1]

(b)
# {x : x is an integer and 4 ≤ x ≤ 16}

P # {x : x is a prime number}
S # {x : x is an odd number}
T # {x : x is a multiple of 3}
(i) List the members of the set S ∞ T.
(ii) Describe, in words, the set S,.
(iii) Find n(P † T).

21 (a) In the Venn diagram, shade the region which represents the subset ^A + Blh , C . 4024/12/O/N/16/14


A B

C [1]

(b) In a group of 36 students,

23 study Spanish,
17 study French,
4 study neither Spanish nor French.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of students who study both Spanish
and French.
22 (a) Express in set notation, as simply as possible, the subset shaded in the 4024/1/O/N/04/18
Venn diagram.

A B

C
(b)
= {all polygons},
T = {all triangles},
R = {all regular polygons},
Q = {all quadrilaterals}.
Add the set Q to the Venn diagram in the answer space.
(c)
= { x : x is an integer and 3  x  11},
F = { x : x is a factor of 12},
O = { x : x is an odd number}.

List the elements of the set (F
O)′.

(d) It is given that n(
) = 20.

P and S are sets such that n(P) = 7 and n(S) = 16.

Find the smallest possible value of n(P  S) .

23 (a) On the Venn Diagram in the answer space, shade the region A
B′.
(b)
= {all polygons}, Q = {all quadrilaterals}, R = {all regular polygons}.
(i) What is the special name of the polygons which belong to Q  R?
(ii) On the Venn Diagram in the answer space, show the set
T = {all equilateral triangles}.

4024/01/O/N/06/18
24 (a) On the Venn diagram in the Answer (a)
answer space, shade the set
A ∪ (B ∩ C).  A B

C
[1]
(b) Express in set notation the subset shaded in the Venn diagram.


P Q

(c) In a class of 36 students, 25 study History, 20 study Geography and 4 study neither
History nor Geography.
Find how many students study both History and Geography.
 25 (a) The sets A and B are shown on the Venn Diagram in the answer space. 4024/01/M/J/07/09
The element y is such that y ∈ A and y ∉ B.
On the diagram, write y in the correct region. Answer (a)
Ᏹ A B

(b) Ᏹ = {x : x is an integer and 1 ⭐ x ⭐ 8 }.

[1]
P = {x : x > 5}.
Q = {x : x ⭐ 3}.

(i) Find the value of n(P Q).

(ii) List the elements of P⬘ Q⬘.
4024/01/O/N/09

26 (a) Express, in set notation, as simply as Ᏹ B

possible, the subset shaded in the A
Venn diagram.

(b) It is given that n(Ᏹ) = 40, n(P) = 18, n(Q) = 20 and n(P Q) = 7.

Find

(i) n(P Q),

(ii) n(P⬘ Q⬘).
4024/01/O/N/08/-9

27 (a) On the Venn diagram shown in the answer space, shade the set P Q
.

Answer (a)
Ᏹ
P Q

[1]
(b) There are 27 children in a class.
Of these children, 19 own a bicycle, 15 own a scooter and 3 own neither a bicycle nor a
scooter.
Using a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of children who own a bicycle but
not a scooter.

28 (a) Ᏹ = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, 4024/01/M/J/09/18
A = { 1, 2, 3 },
B = { 5 },
C = { 3, 4 }.
List the elements of

(i) A 傼 C,

(ii) B ⬘ 傽 C ⬘.
(b) A group of 60 children attend an after school club.
Of these, 35 children play football and 29 play hockey.
3 children do not play either football or hockey.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of children who play only
hockey.
29 (a) The sets A, B and C are shown in the Venn diagram.
Ᏹ
A B

Ᏹ = { x : x is an integer, 1 ⭐ x ⭐ 18 }
A = { x : x is an even number }
B = { x : x is a multiple of 5 }

(i) Find n(A B).

Answer ......................................... [1]

(ii) (a) Given that A B⬘ C⬘ = {2, 6, 14, 18}, list the members of C.

Answer ......................................... [1]

(b) Describe the set C in words.

Answer C = { x : x is ..................................................................................... } [1]

(b) A school offers piano lessons and flute lessons to a group of 50 children.

Of these children, 28 attend piano lessons

17 attend flute lessons
12 attend neither piano lessons nor flute lessons.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of children who attend only the
piano lessons.

Answer ........................................ [2]

30 (a) Ᏹ = { x : x is an integer, 2 艋 x 艋 14}
A = { x : x is a prime number }
B = { x : x is a multiple of 3 }

(i) List the members of (A B)⬘.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(ii) Find n(A B).

Answer ........................................ [1]

(iii) Given that C ⊂ A, n(C) = 3 and B C = ∅, list the members of a possible set C.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(b) On the Venn diagram, shade the set (P R) Q⬘.

Ᏹ
P Q

[1]

(c) A group of 80 people attended a recreation centre on one day.

Of these people, 48 used the gym
31 used the swimming pool
17 used neither the gym nor the swimming pool.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of people who used both the
gym and the swimming pool.

Answer ........................................ [2]

31) (a)  = {x : x is an integer and 2 G x G 12 }
M = {x : x is a multiple of 3}
P = {x : x is a prime number}

(i) a ! M P

Find a. Answer ................................................ [1]

(ii) Find (M P)l .

Answer ................................................ [1]

(b) In a survey, 90 people were asked “Do you own a car?” and “Do you own a bicycle?”.
A total of 27 people said they owned a bicycle.
Of these, 13 owned only a bicycle.
11 people owned neither a car nor a bicycle.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find how many people said that they owned a car.

Answer ................................................ [2]

(c) The Venn diagrams show a Universal set, , and subsets A, B and C.
 B
(i) Shade the set (A C)l B.

[1]
C

(ii) Express in set notation the subset shaded in this diagram.

 B

C
Answer ................................................ [1]
 32) (a) = {x: x is an integer and 5 G x G 15}

A = {x : x is a multiple of 3}

B = {x : x is a factor of 60}

C = {x : x is a prime number}

(i) Find n ^A + B + Ch.

Answer .................................................... [1]

(ii) Find ^A , Bhl . Answer .................................................... [1]

(iii) A number, r, is chosen at random from .

Find the probability that r ! A + B .

Answer .................................................... [1]

(iv) Given that D 1 B and D 1 C , find D.

Answer .................................................... [1]

(b) An activity camp offers 3 sports: tennis, cricket and volleyball.
One day, 50 children took part in these sports.

19 children played tennis, 34 children played cricket and 23 children played volleyball.
2 children played all three sports.
5 children played tennis and cricket.
10 children played tennis and volleyball.

By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of children who played

(i) tennis and cricket but not volleyball,

Answer .................................................... [1]

(ii) cricket and volleyball but not tennis, Answer .................................................... [1]

(iii) cricket only. Answer .................................................... [1]

33) (a) Shadethesubset (A+B),C.

Answer
 A

B C

 [1]

 (b) Usesetnotationtodescribethesubsetshadedinthediagram.

 D

E F

Answer ............................................ [1]

(c) ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
P={x:xisanoddnumber}
Q={x:xisasquarenumber}

(i) Writethemembersof  inthecorrectregionsontheVenndiagram.

Answer

P Q

 [2]

(ii) Staten(Ql ).

Answer ............................................ [1]

(iii) Anumber,m,ischosenatrandomfrom.

Findtheprobabilitythatmisamemberof P + Q l .

Answer ............................................ [2]

34) (a)  = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 }

A = { x : x is a prime number }

B = { x : x is an even number }

C = { x : x is a multiple of 5 }

(i) List the members of the subsets

(a) B + C ,

Answer .......................................... [1]

(b) ^A , B , Ch ' ,

Answer .......................................... [1]

(c) A + B' .

Answer .......................................... [1]

(ii) A number q is chosen at random from .

Find the probability that q ! A + B' .

Answer .......................................... [1]

Q35) (a)  = {x : x is an integer and 10 G x G 20}

A = {x : x is an odd number}

B = {x : x is a multiple of 5}

(i) Find n(A + B).

Answer ........................................... [1]

(ii) Find A′ , B.

Answer ........................................... [1]

(iii) A number, r, is chosen at random from .

Find the probability that r ! A , B.

Answer ........................................... [1]

(b) In a survey, 40 people were asked what they had read that day.

• A total of 10 people had read a book

• A total of 24 people had read a newspaper
• 14 people had read neither a book nor a newspaper

(i) By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of people who had
read both a book and a newspaper.

Answer ........................................... [2]

(ii) Two of the 10 people who had read a book are selected at random.

Work out the probability that they had both read a book and a newspaper.

Answer ........................................... [2]

36 (a) Use set notation to describe the shaded region in the Venn diagram. 4024/21/M/J/18

P Q

Answer .......................................... [1]

(b)  = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

A = {x : x is a factor of 12}
B = {x : x is a multiple of 2}
C = {x : x is a square number}

(i) Show this information on the Venn diagram below.

A B

[2]

(ii) Find n ^A + Bh.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(iii) Find n ^A + ^B , Chlh.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(iv) One subset in the Venn diagram in part (b)(i) has no elements.

Use set notation to describe this subset.

Answer .......................................... [1]

37 (a)  = {x : x is an integer 1 G x G 16 } 4024/22/O/N/19
A = {x : x is an even number}
B = {x : x is a square number}
C = {x : x is a factor of 100}

(i) Complete the Venn diagram.

A B

[3]

(ii) Find n (Al , B) .

.................................................... [1]

(iii) p ! A+C

Write down all the possible values of p.

.................................................... [1]

38 (a)  ={x : x is an integer 1 G x G 18} 4024/22/M/J/18

A = {x : x is a prime number}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18}

A 1 B
2 4 9
3 6 12
18

(i) Complete the Venn diagram to illustrate this information. [1]

(ii) Complete the description of the set B.

Answer B = { x : x is a factor of ............ } [1]

(iii) Find n(A , B) .

Answer ........................................... [1]

(iv) List the elements of Al + B .

Answer ............................................................................... [1]