NA1 Module
NA1 Module
REGINA P. ARCEO
BSIT Department Faculty
Email: [email protected]
COURSE DESCRIPTION The Linux System Architecture (NDG Linux Essentials) course will
discuss the introduction to Linux as an operating system, basic open-
source concepts, and the basics of the Linux command line. Content
developed by experts, a Linux virtual machine and step-by-step labs
give you hands-on access to practice Linux command line concepts.
With no previous knowledge required, this course is the perfect starting
point to gain Linux skills. This course aligns to the Linux Professional
Institute (LPI) Linux Essentials Professional Development Certificate.
As you go through the lessons, you can read, analyze, and understand
the course content which will present you a lot of information about the
course leading to the attainment of course objectives.
PRE-TEST Direction: Before you continue, do you have an idea about the
following terminology below? A background knowledge about these
terminologies is an advantage.
✓ Android
✓ CentOS
✓ Debian
✓ Linux Mint
✓ Raspberry Pi
✓ Raspbian
✓ Red Hat
✓ SUSE
✓ Scientific Linux
✓ Ubuntu
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the chapter, students are expected to:
a) Demonstrate Knowledge on how Linux was applied
everywhere.
III. CONTENT
The second type of interface is the command line interface (CLI), a text-based interface to the computer. The CLI
relies primarily on keyboard input. Everything the user wants the computer to do is relayed by typing commands
2. Operating System
2.1 Operating Systems
An operating system is software that runs on a computing device and manages the hardware and software components
that make up a functional computing system.
Desktop and server operating systems are by nature more complex than an operating system that runs on a single-
purpose device such as a firewall, or a mobile phone. From a simple set-top box that provides a menu interface for a
cable provider, to supercomputers and massive, parallel computing clusters, the generic term operating system is used
to describe whatever software is booted and run on that device.
ubuntu login:
In CLI mode there are no windows to move around. Text editors, web browsers, and email clients are all presented in
text format only. This is how UNIX operated before graphical environments were the norm. Most servers run in this
mode too, since people don’t log into them directly, making a graphical interface a waste of resources. Here is an
example of a CLI screen after logging in:
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
sue@ubuntu:~$ w
17:27:22 up 14 min, 2 users, load average: 1.73, 1.83, 1.69
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
sue tty2 20:08 14.35 0.05s 0.00s w
The original login prompt is at the top, with newer text added below. During login there may be some text displayed
called the message of the day (MOTD). This is an opportunity for the systems administrator to pass information to
users, or just make a silly joke. Following the MOTD is the command prompt, in the example above, the user has
entered the w command which shows who is logged in. As new commands are entered and processed, the window
scrolls up and older text is lost across the top. The terminal itself is responsible for keeping any history, such as to
allow the user to scroll up and see previously entered commands. As far as Linux is concerned, what is on the screen
is all that there is. There’s nothing to move around.
Key Terms
Android
A Linux distribution that provides a platform for mobile users but lacks the traditional GNU/Linux
packages to make it compatible with desktop Linux distributions.
Section 2.4.1
CentOS
A Linux distribution that is compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux but does not offer the paid
support that Red Hat does.
Section 2.4.1
Debian
An operating system that uses the Linux kernel. It that promotes the use of open source software and
adherence to standards.
Section 2.4.1
Linux Mint
A Linux distribution that is a derivative of Ubuntu and still relies upon the Ubuntu repositories.
Section 2.4.1
Raspberry Pi
A hardware platform used in training for programmers and hardware designers at all levels. Its low cost
and ease of use have made it popular with educators.
Section 2.4.1
Raspbian
A specialized Linux distribution optimized to run on Raspberry Pi hardware.
Section 2.4.1
Red Hat
A Linux distribution that introduced Red Hat Package Manager (RPM). The developer formed a
company by the same name which specializes in open source software.
Section 2.4.1
SUSE
One of the first comprehensive Linux distributions. It is derived from Slackware which offers many
similarities with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Section 2.4.1
Scientific Linux
A specific use distribution based on Red Hat. It was designed to enable scientific computing.
Section 2.4.1
Ubuntu
The most popular Debian derived distribution. It has several different variants for desktop, server, and
various specialized applications as well as an LTS version.
Section 2.4.1
beta
A software release that has many new features that haven’t been tested.
Section 2.1.1
command line interface (CLI)
A text based interface in which the user enters commands. Feedback, output and programs are presented
in text format only.
Section 2.1.1
desktop configuration
IV. SYNTHESIS / Linux is everywhere; Linux jobs are everywhere. There is a demand
GENERALIZATION for Linux skills in just about every industry and job category on the
planet, and not enough Linux talent to meet this growing demand. It’s
also fun and rewarding to work with something that’s so much a part
of our modern lives yet which so few people understand.
If someone says they have Linux experience, it might refer to
configuring systems, running web servers, or any number of other
services and programs that operate on top of Linux. Over time, Linux
administration has evolved to encompass just about every task that a
modern business, educational institution or government organization
might use in their daily operations.
Linux as an Operating system
Modern operating systems don’t just manage hardware and software
resources, they schedule programs to run in a multi-tasking manner
(sharing the processor so that multiple tasks can occur apparently
simultaneously), provide standard services that allow users and
programs to request something happen (for example a print job) from
the operating system, and provided it’s properly requested, the operating
system will accept the request and perform the function needed.
Your last requirement for this week will be to take the Chapter 2
Exam in the NDG Linux Essential Course enrolled over the CISCO
Networking Academy
REFERENCES NDG Linux Essentials
by CISCO Networking Academy in partnership with Network
Development Group Inc. copyrighted 2019