DFD Example

 University Admission System

 Context Diagram

DFD Example
 University Admission System
 Level 1 Diagram
 1. Intake Procedure
 2. Maintain Student Information
 3. Generate Reports

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 DFD Example
 University Admission System
 Level 2 Diagram
 Level 1 Process 1, Perform Intake Procedure

DFD Example
 University Admission System
 Level 2 Diagram
 Level 1 Process 2, Maintain Student Information

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 DFD Reading-Correction
 University’s class registration system
 Context Diagram

DFD Reading-Correction
 Identify three errors (DFD rule violations)

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Structured Analysis: Garage Repairs
 Buses come to a garage for repairs

 A mechanic and helper perform the repair, record

the reason for the repair and record the total cost
of all parts used on a Shop Repair Order

 Information on labor, parts and repair outcome is

used for billing by the Accounting Department, parts
monitoring by the inventory management computer
system and a performance review by the supervisor

Structured Analysis: Garage Repairs

 External Entities
 Bus, Mechanic, Helper, Supervisor, Inventory Management
System, Accounting Department, etc.
 Key Process (“the system”)
 Performing repairs & storing information related to repairs
 Processes ?
 Record Bus ID and reason for repair
 Determine parts needed
 Perform repair
 Calculate parts extended and total cost
 Record labor hours, cost
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 Garage Repairs (Context Diagram)

Bus

Mechanical Fixed
problem mechanical
to be repaired problems

Repair Supervisor
Helper Labor Bus summary
Repair
Process List of
System parts used Inventory
Labor Management
Labor, System
parts cost
Mechanic details

Accounting
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DFD Creation
 A Book Supplier, supplies books to customers; no
stocks maintained; books sourced directly from
publishers
 Prepare Context Diagrams
 Source/Sink
 Process

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 DFD Creation
 A Book Supplier, supplies books to customers; no
stocks maintained; books sourced directly from
publishers
 Prepare Overview Diagrams
 Identify Data Stores, Processes, Data Flows

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DFD Creation

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 DFD Creation
 Process 2 further decomposed

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example Steps:
1. Create a list of activities
The operations of a 2. Construct Context Level DFD
simple lemonade (identifies sources and sink)
stand will be used to
3. Construct Level 0 DFD
demonstrate the
(identifies manageable sub
creation of dataflow
processes)
diagrams
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data
stores)

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 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 1. Create a list of activities
Think through the
activities that take
place at a lemonade
stand Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example 1. Create a list of activities
Also think of the
additional activities
needed to support
the basic activities Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor

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 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 1. Create a list of activities
Group these activities
in some logical
fashion, possibly
functional areas Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example 2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies sources and sink)
Create a context level
diagram identifying Context Level DFD
the sources and sinks Sales Forecast
0
(users) CUSTOMER
Order
Lemonade Production Schedule
Product Served EMPLOYEE
System
Pay
Customer Order Payment Time Worked
Received Goods
Serve Product
Payment
Collect Payment Purchase Order

Produce Product VENDOR

Store Product

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

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 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 3. Construct Level 0 DFD
Create a level 0 diagram (identifies manageable sub processes )
identifying the logical Level 0 DFD
subsystems that may
__ 1.0___
exist
Sale
Customer Order Sales Forecast
Customer Order
Product Ordered
Serve Product
Payment
Collect Payment
CUSTOMER __ 2.0___ Production EMPLOYEE
Product Served Production Schedule
Produce Product
Received Goods Inventory
Store Product
__ 3.0___
VENDOR Procure- Order
Purchase Order
Order Raw Materials ment Decisions
Pay for Raw Materials Payment
Pay Time Worked

Pay for Labor __ 4.0___

Payroll

Process Decomposition
__ 1.1___ __ 1.2___
__ 1.0___
Record Receive
Sale
Order Payment

__ 2.1___ __ 2.2___ __ 2.3___

__ 2.0___
Serve Produce Store
Production
Product Product Product

__ 0.0___
Lemonade
System __ 3.1___
__ 3.0___ __ 3.2___ __ 3.3___
Produce
Procure- Receive Pay
Purchase
ment Items Vender
Order

__ 4.1___
__ 4.0___ __ 4.2___ __ 4.3___
Record
Payroll Calculate Pay
Time
Payroll Employee
Worked

Context Level Level 0 Level 1

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 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
Create a level 1 (identifies actual data flows and data stores)
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and
CUSTOMER
identifying data stores
Customer Order
Request for Forecast
Customer Order ORDER
__ 1.1___
Serve Product Record
Collect Payment Order __ 1.3___
Produce
Severed Order Sales
Produce Product Payment Forecast Sales Forecast
Store Product
__ 1.2___ PAYMENT
Receive
Order Raw Materials Payment
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and
Product Order
identifying data stores
ORDER
Customer Order __ 2.1___
Serve Product Serve
Quantity Severed

Collect Payment Product

RAW
Production
MATERIALS
Schedule
Produce Product __ 2.2___
Store Product Produce Quantity Used
Product
INVENTORTY
Order Raw Materials Production Data
Pay for Raw Materials
__ 2.3___ Quantity Produced &
Store Location Stored
Pay for Labor Product

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 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and Order Decision
PURCHASE
identifying data stores __ 3.1___ ORDER
Produce
Purchase
Customer Order Order
Quantity On-Hand
Serve Product Quantity
RAW
MATERIALS
Collect Payment Received Received
Goods
__ 3.2___
Produce Product Receive
Store Product Items RECEIVED
ITEMS
Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials
VENDOR
Pay for Raw Materials __ 3.3___
Pay
Vender
Pay for Labor
Payment

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and Time Worked

identifying data stores. __ 4.1___ TIME CARDS

Record
Time
Customer Order Worked
Employee ID
Serve Product EMPLOYEE
Collect Payment
Payroll Request

__ 4.2___ Unpaid time cards

Produce Product Calculate
Store Product Payroll PAYROLL

Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials __ 4.3___
Pay
Employee PAYMENTS
Pay for Labor
Payment

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 2.1 2.1
Customer Customer Store
Store
Information Information Customer
Customer
Data Data

Customer Customer
Data Data Customer
Preferences

D1 Customer Data D1 Customer Data

Customer
Preferences
D2Customer Preferences

D2Customer Preferences

2.1 2.1
Customer Customer Store
Store
Information Information Customer
Customer
Data Data
Customer
Customer Data
Data
D1 Customer Data

D1 Customer Data Customer

2.2
Data
Extract
Customer
Customer
Preferences
Preferences Customer
Preferences

D2Customer Preferences
D2Customer Preferences

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