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1 - Introduction Control

The document discusses control systems and their components. It covers open loop and closed loop control systems, and provides examples of steam engine and diesel engine control systems. It also defines key terms like plant, controller, reference input, actuating signal and feedback in control systems.

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AndrewAbdelmassieh
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24 views

1 - Introduction Control

The document discusses control systems and their components. It covers open loop and closed loop control systems, and provides examples of steam engine and diesel engine control systems. It also defines key terms like plant, controller, reference input, actuating signal and feedback in control systems.

Uploaded by

AndrewAbdelmassieh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Content Lectures (weeks) Tutorial

Introduction:
-control terminology
1
-control system configuration
1 2
-classification of control systems
Modeling of the physical systems and process description:
2
-Mechanical, Electric, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Thermal.
4 8
Determination of system time response:
- Solution of deferential equations
3 - Laplace transform 3 6
- Time response specifications
-Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion.
Control Actions: On-Off , Proportional, Integral, Derivative
4
-PID
1 1
Determination of system frequency response:
-Bode plots
5
- Polar plot 3 6
-Nyquist stability criteria
Industrial control systems:
- Controllers of different types
6
- Control laws
2 6
- Final control elements
Introduction
Plant (process): Physical object to be controlled (such as
a mechanical device, a heating furnace, a
chemical reactor, or a spacecraft)
Controlled Variable: The quantity or condition that is measured
and controlled (output of the plant)

Reference Input : The Actual desired input signal to the


control system
Actuating signal: Difference between reference input and
measured value of the controlled variable

Controller : The unit that reacts to the actuating signal


to produce a desired output
Manipulated Variable: The quantity or condition that is varied by
the controller so as to affect the value of
the controlled variable (input to the plant)
System: A combination of components that act
together and perform a certain objective

Disturbance : A signal that tends to adversely affect the


value of the output of a system

Open loop: The output has no effect on the control


action

Feedback A system that maintains a prescribed


control system relationship between the output and the
reference input by comparing them and using
the difference as a means of control
Open loop

Input Output
plant

Example: Washing machine (timers)


Disturbance
(d)

Command Reference Manipulated Controlled


(g) Input variable Variable
Reference Process
(r) Controller (u) (y)
Input Plant
(G1)
Element (G2)

Open loop control system


Closed loop
Actuating signal Manipulated variable
Reference Input
Output
Controller Plant
Feedback signal

Sensor

Feedback element
Disturbance
(d)
Command Reference Actuating signal Manipulated Controlled
(g) Input (Error) Variable Variable
Reference (r) Process
(e) Controller (u) (y)
Input Plant
(G2) (G1)
Element

Feedback signal
(Measured variable)
(m) Feedback
elements
(H)

Block diagram of feedback control system containing all basic elements


Steam Engine control system
Diesel Engine control system
Closed Loop Control System of Diesel Engine

Initial
spring
sitting Servo
mechanism Valve Engine Speed
Reference
Input Final Output
Controller Control Plant
element
Force to
position
Fly Balls
converter
Sensor

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