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INTRODUCTION

ASP 2.0 using c# or VB.net

Database  SQL Server, Xml

 It is used for web development

.Net Architecture

ASP.Net web Application  BCL  Windows Application

CLR

OS

BCL  Base class language

CLR  Common Language Runtime
OS  Operating System

CLR

It is an environment which manages the execution of coding. It manages:-

 Memory management
 Garbage collection
 To support multiple language

(Note: difference b/w CLR n JVM is that JVM only support single language i.e. java)

BCL

Collection of standard class or common class which we can use .net supported language
E.g. - in VB.Net we use “integer” n in c# we use “int” but we can use “int16”, “int32” in
both.

 Note: ASP.net it is just a technology that runs on server with some language.
 We must have common language specification for compiler to run .net.

Why .Net?

 Powerful
 Reusability
 For web application not for desktop

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  In web development application run on server. At client side there is simple Html
page which is understand by a browser

 Server in .net case is Microsoft(running n developing environment)

 .net is not platform independent so we must have Microsoft OS on the server and
anything on client coz client only have HTML page

.Net Framework

 Connection of tools, technology n language which work together to communicate

on multiple platform.
 To run .net application we must have .net framework
 Framework is made in Perl language.

Version of .net Framework

 1.0 (visual studio 2000) beta or testing version

 1.1 (visual studio 2003) 17/4/03
 2.0 (visual studio 2000) 7/11/05

In 1.1 we cover 4 languages

 Vb.net
 C#
 C++.net
 Jscript.net

We added one more language in 2.0

 J#

 If we use BCL then there is no difference in these languages

 We can use multiple languages in an application

Compilation of .net application

Different compiler

VB.net C1

C# C2 MSIL JIT Native code

J# C3

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  MSIL  Microsoft Intermediate Language (m/c independent)
 We must have JIT( just in time) compiler at server which make native code which
is m/c dependent n CPU specific

Advantages of JIT:

 Jitna code chahiye utna hi compile karte hai

 Ek baar native code banana ke baad dubara nahi banate

Types of JIT:

 PRE
 ECHNO
 NORMAL

Compilation modes in ASP.Net 2.0

 In place compilation (by default)

 Single file compiler at run time in which changes has been done.
 Used on the sites where changes are done regularly
 One disadvantage of this is that we need source code)
 Site pre compilation
 It use compiler name as “ASPnet_compiler”.
 It makes compilization file for each file starting with “app_web” and after that
Any random generated name like
abc ----- app_webijhgt
xyz ----- app_webgfdf
 It has better performance
 It is fast
 Adv – No source code required
 Disadvantage – even single change require full compilation of site

Requirements for ASP.Net

 Server
IIS (Internet information service) it is used with 1.1 version
It is not loaded on XP-home edition
We can load it through
Control panel --- add remove files--- windows components
To change home directory
Control panel --- adm tools --- IIS --- CS ---web sites--- default web site
(Right click)--- Properties --- home directory
(By default “c:\netpub\wwwroot”)
To check weather server is running or not
Control panel --- adm tools --- IIS --- CS ---web sites--- default web site

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 (Right click)---start/stop. If start n stop is working IIS is running
Web Server included in version 2.0
It can run on XP-home edition

 XP professional with service pack 2/

2003 server with service pack 1/
Win 2000 professional service pack 4

 Visual studio 2005

First application

File  new  website  ASP.Net web site

Location (specify server) file system (web server)

HTTP (IIS)
Language  Visual basic
C#

Extension

 .aspx  designing or presentation

 .aspx.vd  code file (VB)
 .aspx.cs  code file (C#)

 Concept of Partial class is introduced in ver 2.0 which means we can divide the
class into number of parts. Benefit of this system code(used by system) can be
store in one partial class n developer code in another.

 We can inherit only one class not multiple inheritance in .net

 We differciate method, namespace, property, class by there symbol

{} namespace
3 boxes class
Pink box method etc
Bijali event
Hand property

 Namespace is collection of classes it may be nested

 All procedures which have handles in the end are events.

 Page load event is fired first without even calling this event. It has to parameters
1st for reference and 2nd for manage event data

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  Windows required
 Solution explorer
 Toolbox
HTML Control (background compatibility)
Run on client side and are browser dependent
Web Server control
Run on server side and are browser independent
 Property window(f4)
 Two types of layout
 Grid layout (available in ver 1.1)
 Flow layout (available in both version)
Advantages  we work as notepad, page will be light
Weighted due to less labels
 Ctrl + space for intelligence help.
 Difference b/w property n variable is that property can be read only, write only,
we validation n checks can be used but with variables these r not possible.

Program 1:

 Display current date & time in label

Sub Page_load
Label1.text = datetime.now
End sub

In c#
Void page_load ()
{
Label1.text = datetime.now.toString();
}

 To run a code only first time the page is loaded we use

If page.isPostBack = false then

Label1.text = datetime.now
End if

 page.isPostBack is false only first time when page is loaded.

 It is read-only.

 To stop scrolling of window when page is posted back

Me.SmartNavigation = true

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  To compile line by line click in front of line where u want to place break and then
press f10.
 To add two numbers

Textbox3.text = convert.Toint32(textbox1.text) +
convert.Toint32(textbox2.text);

In C#

Textbox3.text=convert.Tostring(convert.Toint32
(textbox1.text) +convert.Toint32(textbox2.text));

 In Vb.net type casting is automatic but in C# we have to do it manually.

 To use common handle i.e. one procedure handling more then one event we add
handles in the end of procedure in Vb.net like

Handles button3.click,button4.click, button5.click

If sender is button 3 then

Sum
Else if sender is button4 then
Mul
Else
Divide

In C#
We change in HTML, use onClick method for this purpose

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 Some people like VB.NET's natural language, case-insensitive approach, others like C#'s
terse syntax. But both have access to the same framework libraries. We will discuss about
the differences in the following topics:

1. Advantages of both languages

2. Keyword Differences
3. Data types Differences
4. Operators Differences
5. Programming Difference

Advantages of both languages

VB.NET C#
 Support for optional parameters - very  XML documentation generated from
handy for some COM interoperability. source code comments. (This is coming
 Support for late binding with Option Strict in VB.NET with Whidbey (the code
off - type safety at compile time goes out of name for the next version of Visual
the window, but legacy libraries which Studio and .NET), and there are tools
don't have strongly typed interfaces become which will do it with existing VB.NET
easier to use. code already.)
 Support for named indexers.  Operator overloading - again, coming to
 Various legacy VB functions (provided in VB.NET in Whidbey.
the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace,  Language support for unsigned types
and can be used by other languages with a (you can use them from VB.NET, but
reference to the Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll). they aren't in the language itself). Again,
Many of these can be harmful to support for these is coming to VB.NET
performance if used unwisely, however, in Whidbey.
and many people believe they should be  Explicit interface implementation, where
avoided for the most part. an interface which is already
 The with construct: it's a matter of debate implemented in a base class can be re-
as to whether this is an advantage or not, implemented separately in a derived
but it's certainly a difference. class. Arguably this makes the class
 Simpler (in expression - perhaps more harder to understand, in the same way
complicated in understanding) event that member hiding normally does.
handling, where a method can declare that
it handles an event, rather than the handler  Unsafe code. This allows pointer
having to be set up in code. arithmetic etc, and can improve
performance in some situations.
 The VB.NET parts of Visual Studio .NET However, it is not to be used lightly, as a
compiles your code in the background. lot of the normal safety of C# is lost (as
While this is considered as an advantage for the name implies). Note that unsafe code
small projects, people creating very large is still managed code, i.e., it is compiled
projects have found that the IDE slows to IL, JITted, and run within the CLR.

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 down considerably as the project gets
larger.

Keyword Differences

Purpose VB.NET C#
Declare a variable Private, Public, Friend, declarators (keywords include user-
Protected, Static1, defined types and built-in types)
Shared, Dim
Declare a named Const const
constant
Create a new object New, CreateObject() new

Function/method Sub void

does not return a
value
Overload a function Overloads (No language keyword required for
or method (Visual this purpose)
Basic: overload a
procedure or method)
Refer to the current Me this
object
Make a nonvirtual MyClass n/a
call to a virtual
method of the current
object
Retrieve character GetChar Function []
from a string
Declare a compound Structure <members> End struct, class, interface
Structure
data type (Visual
Basic: Structure)
Initialize an object Sub New() Constructors, or system default type
(constructors) constructors
Terminate an object n/a n/a
directly
Method called by the Finalize destructor
system just before
garbage collection
reclaims an object7
Initialize a variable Dim x As Long = 5 // initialize to a value:
Dim c As New _ int x = 123;
where it is declared
// or use default
Car(FuelTypeEnum.Gas) // constructor:
int x = new int();

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Take the address of a AddressOf (For class delegate
function members, this operator
returns a reference to a
function in the form of a
delegate instance)
Declare that an object n/a volatile
can be modified
asynchronously
Force explicit Option Explicit n/a. (All variables must be declared
declaration of prior to use)
variables
Test for an object obj = Nothing obj == null
variable that does not
refer to an object
Value of an object Nothing null
variable that does not
refer to an object
Test for a database IsDbNull n/a
null expression
Test whether a n/a n/a
Variant variable has
been initialized
Define a default Default by using indexers
property
Refer to a base class MyBase base
Declare an interface Interface interface
Specify an interface Implements (statement) class C1 : I1
to be implemented
Declare a class Class <implementation> class
Specify that a class MustInherit abstract
can only be inherited.
An instance of the
class cannot be
created.
Specify that a class NotInheritable sealed
cannot be inherited
Declare an Enum <members> End Enum enum
enumerated type
Declare a class Const const (Applied to a field declaration)
constant
Derive a class from a Inherits C2 class C1 : C2
base class

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Override a method Overrides override
Declare a method MustOverride abstract
that must be
implemented in a
deriving class
Declare a method NotOverridable (Methods sealed
that can't be are not overridable by
overridden default.)
Declare a virtual Overridable virtual
method, property
(Visual Basic), or
property accessor
(C#, C++)
Hide a base class Shadowing n/a
member in a derived
class
Declare a typesafe Delegate delegate
reference to a class
method
Specify that a WithEvents (Write code - no specific keyword)
variable can contain
an object whose
events you wish to
handle
Specify the events for Handles (Event procedures n/a
which an event can still be associated with a
procedure will be WithEvents variable by
called naming pattern.)
Evaluate an object With objExpr n/a
<.member>
expression once, in
<.member>
order to access End With
multiple members
Structured exception Try <attempt> try, catch, finally, throw
Catch
handling
<handle errors>
Finally
<always execute>
End Try
Decision structure Select Case ..., Case, switch, case, default, goto, break
(selection) Case Else, End Select
Decision structure If ... Then, ElseIf ... if, else
(if ... then) Then, Else, End If
Loop structure While, Do [While, Until] do, while, continue
(conditional) ..., Loop [While, Until]

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Loop structure For ..., [Exit For], for, foreach
(iteration) Next
For Each ..., [Exit
For,] Next
Declare an array Dim a() As Long int[] x = new int[5];
Initialize an array Dim a() As Long = {3, int[] x = new int[5] {
4, 5} 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Reallocate array Redim n/a

Visible outside the Public public
project or assembly
Invisible outside the Friend internal
assembly (C#/Visual
Basic) or within the
package (Visual J#,
JScript)
Visible only within Private private
the project (for
nested classes, within
the enclosing class)
Accessible outside Public public
class and project or
module
Accessible outside Friend internal
the class, but within
the project
Only accessible Private private
within class or
module
Only accessible to Protected protected
current and derived
classes
Preserve procedure's Static n/a
local variables
Shared by all Shared static
instances of a class
Comment code ' //, /* */ for multi-line comments
Rem
/// for XML comments
Case-sensitive? No Yes
Call Windows API Declare <API> use Platform Invoke
Declare and raise an Event, RaiseEvent event
event
Threading primitives SyncLock lock

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Go to Goto goto

Data types Differences

Purpose/Size VB.NET C#
Decimal Decimal decimal
Date Date DateTime
(varies) String string
1 byte Byte byte
2 bytes Boolean bool
2 bytes Short, Char (Unicode short, char (Unicode character)
character)
4 bytes Integer int
8 bytes Long long
4 bytes Single float
8 bytes Double double

Operators Differences

Purpose VB.NET C#
Integer division \ /
Modulus (division Mod %
returning only the
remainder)
Exponentiation ^ n/a
Integer division \= /=
Assignment
Concatenate &= NEW +=
Modulus n/a %=
Bitwise-AND n/a &=
Bitwise-exclusive-OR n/a ^=

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Bitwise-inclusive-OR n/a |=
Equal = ==
Not equal <> !=
Compare two object Is ==
reference variables
Compare object TypeOf x Is Class1 x is Class1
reference type
Concatenate strings & +
Shortcircuited Boolean AndAlso &&
AND
Shortcircuited Boolean OrElse ||
OR
Scope resolution . . and base
Array element () [ ]
Type cast Cint, CDbl, ..., CType (type)

Postfix increment n/a ++

Postfix decrement n/a --
Indirection n/a * (unsafe mode only)
Address of AddressOf & (unsafe mode only; also see
fixed)
Logical-NOT Not !
One's complement Not ~
Prefix increment n/a ++
Prefix decrement n/a --
Size of type n/a sizeof
Bitwise-AND And &
Bitwise-exclusive-OR Xor ^
Bitwise-inclusive-OR Or |
Logical-AND And &&
Logical-OR Or ||
Conditional If Function () ?:
Pointer to member n/a . (Unsafe mode only)

Programming Difference

Purpose VB.NET C#
Declaring Dim x As Integer int x;
Public x As Integer = 10 int x = 10;
Variables
Comments ' comment // comment
x = 1 ' comment /* multiline

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 Rem comment  comment */
Assignment nVal = 7 nVal = 7;
Statements
Conditional If nCnt <= nMax Then if (nCnt <= nMax)
' Same as nTotal = {
Statements ' nTotal + nCnt. nTotal += nCnt;
nTotal += nCnt nCnt++;
' Same as nCnt = nCnt + 1. }
nCnt += 1 else
Else {
nTotal += nCnt nTotal +=nCnt;
nCnt -= 1 nCnt--;
End If }
Selection Select Case n switch(n)
Case 0 {
Statements MsgBox ("Zero") case 0:
' Visual Basic .NET exits
' the Select at Console.WriteLine("Zero");
' the end of a Case. break;
Case 1 case 1:
MsgBox ("One")
Case 2 Console.WriteLine("One");
MsgBox ("Two") break;
Case Else case 2:
MsgBox ("Default")
End Select Console.WriteLine("Two");
break;
default:

Console.WriteLine("?");
break;
}

FOR Loops For n = 1 To 10 for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i+

MsgBox("The number is " & n) +)
Next Console.WriteLine(
"The number is {0}",
For Each prop In obj i);
prop = 42 foreach(prop current in obj)
Next prop {
current=42;
}
Hiding Public Class BaseCls public class BaseCls
' The element to be shadowed {
Base Class
Public Z As Integer = 100 // The element to be
Members public Sub Test() hidden
System.Console.WriteLine( _ public int Z = 100;
"Test in BaseCls") public void Test()
End Sub {
End Class
System.Console.WriteLine(
Public Class DervCls "Test in BaseCls");
Inherits BaseCls }
' The shadowing element. }

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 Public Shadows Z As String =
"*" public class DervCls :
public Shadows Sub Test() BaseCls
System.Console.WriteLine( _ {
"Test in DervCls") // The hiding element
End Sub public new string Z = "*";
End Class public new void Test()
{
Public Class UseClasses
' DervCls widens to BaseCls. System.Console.WriteLine(
Dim BObj As BaseCls = "Test in DervCls");
New DervCls() }
' Access through derived }
' class.
Dim DObj As DervCls = public class UseClasses
New DervCls() {
// DervCls widens to
Public Sub ShowZ() BaseCls
System.Console.WriteLine( _ BaseCls BObj = new
"Accessed through base "&_ DervCls();
"class: " & BObj.Z) // Access through derived
System.Console.WriteLine(_ //class
"Accessed through derived "&_ DervCls DObj = new
"class: " & DObj.Z) DervCls();
BObj.Test() public void ShowZ()
DObj.Test() {
End Sub
End Class System.Console.WriteLine(
"Accessed through " +
"base class: {0}",
BObj.Z);

System.Console.WriteLine(
"Accessed through" +
" derived class:{0}",
DObj.Z);
BObj.Test();
DObj.Test();
 }
}
WHILE ' Test at start of loop while (n < 100)
While n < 100 . n++;
Loops
' Same as n = n + 1.
n += 1
End While '
Parameter ' The argument Y is /* Note that there is
'passed by value. no way to pass reference
Passing by Public Sub ABC( _ types (objects) strictly
Value ByVal y As Long) by value. You can choose
'If ABC changes y, the to either pass the reference
' changes do not affect x. (essentially a pointer), or
End Sub a reference to the reference
(a pointer to a pointer).*/
ABC(x) ' Call the procedure. // The method:
' You can force parameters to void ABC(int x)
' be passed by value, {

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 ' regardless of how ...
' they are declared, }
' by enclosing // Calling the method:
' the parameters in ABC(i);
' extra parentheses.
ABC((x))
Parameter Public Sub ABC(ByRef y As Long) /* Note that there is no
' The parameter y is declared way to pass reference types
Passing by
'by referece: (objects) strictly by
Reference ' If ABC changes y, the changes value.
are You can choose to either
' made to the value of x. pass the reference
End Sub (essentially a pointer),
or a reference to the
ABC(x) ' Call the procedure. reference (a pointer to a
pointer).*/
// Note also that unsafe C#
//methods can take pointers
//just like C++ methods. For
//details, see unsafe.
// The method:
void ABC(ref int x)
{
...
}
// Calling the method:
ABC(ref i);
Structured Try // try-catch-finally
If x = 0 Then try
Exception Throw New Exception( _ {
Handling "x equals zero") if (x == 0)
Else throw new
Throw New Exception( _ System.Exception(
"x does not equal zero") "x equals zero");
End If else
Catch err As System.Exception throw new
MsgBox( _ System.Exception(
"Error: " & Err.Description) "x does not equal
Finally zero");
MsgBox( _ }
"Executing finally block.") catch (System.Exception err)
End Try {
System.Console.WriteLine(
err.Message);
}
finally
{
System.Console.WriteLine(
"executing finally
block");
}

Set an o = Nothing o = null;

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Object
Reference
to Nothing
Initializing Dim dt as New System.DateTime( _ System.DateTime dt =
2001, 4, 12, 22, 16, 49, 844) new System.DateTime(
Value
2001, 4, 12, 22, 16,
Types 49, 844);

New Features of both languages in 2005 version

VB.NET C#
Visual Basic 2005 has many new and improvedWith the release of Visual Studio 2005,
language features -- such as inheritance, the C# language has been updated to
interfaces, overriding, shared members, and version 2.0. This language has following
overloading -- that make it a powerful object- new features:
oriented programming language. As a Visual
Basic developer, you can now create 1. Generics types are added to the
multithreaded, scalable applications using language to enable programmers
explicit multithreading. This language has to achieve a high level of code
following new features, reuse and enhanced performance
1. Continue Statement, which for collection classes. Generic
immediately skips to the next iteration types can differ only by arity.
of a Do, For, or While loop. Parameters can also be forced to
2. IsNot operator, which you can avoid be specific types.
using the Not and Is operators in an 2. Iterators make it easier to dictate
awkward order. how a for each loop will iterate
3. Using...End. Using statement block over a collection's contents.
ensures disposal of a system resource 3. // Iterator Example
4. public class NumChar
when your code leaves the block for 5. {
any reason. 6. string[] saNum = {
4. Public Sub setbigbold( _ 7. "One", "Two", "Three",
5. ByVal c As Control) 8. "Four", "Five", "Six",
6. Using nf As New _ 9. "Seven", "Eight", "Nine",
7. System.Drawing.Font("Arial",_ 10. "Zero"};

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 8. 12.0F, FontStyle.Bold) 11. public
9. c.Font = nf 12.
10. c.Text = "This is" &_ System.Collections.IEnumera
11. "12-point Arial bold" tor
12. End Using 13. GetEnumerator()
End Sub 14. {
13. Explicit Zero Lower Bound on an 15. foreach (string num in
saNum)
Array, Visual Basic now permits an
16. yield return num;
array declaration to specify the lower 17. }
bound (0) of each dimension along with 18. }
the upper bound. 19. // Create an instance of
14. Unsigned Types, Visual Basic now 20. // the collection class
21. NumChar oNumChar = new
supports unsigned integer data types NumChar();
(UShort, UInteger, and ULong) as well 22. // Iterate through it with
as the signed type SByte. foreach
15. Operator Overloading, Visual Basic 23. foreach (string num in
oNumChar)
now allows you to define a standard 24. Console.WriteLine(num);
operator (such as +, &, Not, or Mod) on a
25. Partial type definitions allow a
class or structure you have defined.
single type, such as a class, to be
16. Partial Types, to separate generated
split into multiple files. The
code from your authored code into
Visual Studio designer uses this
separate source files.
feature to separate its generated
17. Visual Basic now supports type
code from user code.
parameters on generic classes,
26. Nullable types allow a variable
structures, interfaces, procedures, and
to contain a value that is
delegates. A corresponding type
undefined.
argument specifies at compilation time
27. Anonymous Method is now
the data type of one of the elements in
possible to pass a block of code as
the generic type.
a parameter. Anywhere a delegate
18. Custom Events. You can declare
is expected, a code block can be
custom events by using the Custom
used instead: There is no need to
keyword as a modifier for the Event
define a new method.
statement. In a custom event, you 28. button1.Click +=
specify exactly what happens when 29. delegate
code adds or removes an event handler { MessageBox.Show(
to or from the event, or when code "Click!") };
raises the event. 30. . The namespace alias qualifier
19. Compiler Checking Options, The (::) provides more control over
/nowarn and /warnaserror options accessing namespace members.
provide more control over how The global :: alias allows to
warnings are handled. Each one of access the root namespace that
these compiler options now takes a list may be hidden by an entity in
of warning IDs as an optional your code.
parameter, to specify to which warnings 31. Static classes are a safe and
the option applies. convenient way of declaring a
20. There are eight new command-line class containing static methods
compiler options: that cannot be instantiated. In C#

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 a. The /codepage option specifies v1.2 you would have defined the
which codepage to use when class constructor as private to
opening source files. prevent the class being
b. The /doc option generates an instantiated.
XML documentation file based 32. 8. There are eight new compiler
on comments within your code. options:
c. The /errorreport option a. /langversion option: Can
provides a convenient way to be used to specify
report a Visual Basic internal compatibility with a
compiler error to Microsoft. specific version of the
d. The /filealign option specifies language.
the size of sections in your b. /platform option: Enables
output file. you to target IPF (IA64 or
e. The /noconfig option causes the Itanium) and AMD64
compiler to ignore the Vbc.rsp architectures.
file. c. #pragma warning: Used
f. The /nostdlib option prevents to disable and enable
the import of mscorlib.dll, individual warnings in
which defines the entire System code.
namespace. d. /linkresource option:
g. The /platform option specifies Contains additional
the processor to be targeted by options.
the output file, in those e. /errorreport option: Can
situations where it is necessary be used to report internal
to explicitly specify it. compiler errors to
Microsoft over the
h. The /unify option suppresses Internet.
warnings resulting from a
mismatch between the versions f. /keycontainer and
of directly and indirectly /keyfile: Support
referenced assemblies. specifying cryptographic
keys.

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VALIDATION AND CHECKS

 Validations are provided by Microsoft in Vb.net

 Run on client site.
 In asp JavaScript will not run if client site don’t have JavaScript
 In .net if not jscript at client then they run on server.

Types of validators

There are 6 types of validators

 Required field validator ( for empty check).
 Compare validator. We can compare
 controls (like password n confirm password)
 value (age must be greater then 18)
 data type check (salary must be no.)
 Range validator
 Regular expression validator
 Pre define format (valid email address)
 Custom validator
 Validation summary
 Web.UI.Validation.js is the file name in which jscript of all these validator are
available.
 We not able to associate controls with validators in ASP.Net 1.1 but can do this in
2.0 E.g. “username n pass” and search is check by different button.

Required field validation properties

 controlToValidate  name of textbox to check

- 21 -
  Text  message

Compare validation properties

 controlToValidate  name of first textbox to check

 Text  message
 controlToValidate  name of second textbox to check

For value check

 controlToValidate  name of textbox to check
 valueToCompare  value to check
 operator  greater, less, equal etc
 type  integer
 Text  message

For salary must be number check

 controlToValidate  name of textbox to check
 operator  Data type check
 type  integer
 Text  message

For range check

 controlToValidate  name of textbox to check
 minimumValue  value
 maximumValue  value
 Text  message

For valid email address check

 controlToValidate  name of textbox to check
 ValidationExpression  Popup window
 Text  message

Validation summary

 Ek jagha sare error n asterisk sign in front of error

 Text property value display on validator and error message display on the validation
summary.
Text *
errorMessage  Empno empty

 To run validation summary we need a button

 To make popup window go to validation summary property
ShowMessageBox  true
Show Summary  false

- 22 -
 Addition properties in version 2.0
 set the causes validation property to false to disable the validation of button
 validation group property of validator (textbox, validationSummary n of button)
o ValidationGroup  a
 property of validator
o SetfocusonError  to go directly to the error point skip correct places.
 Add more than one page in website (Click on website  add new item  webform)

 To Make startup page (go to solution explorer right click on page  set as start
page).

 To go to new page we have 3 methods

o Response.redirect()
o Server.transfer()
o Server.execute()

 To go to next page by button

o Response.redirect(“default.aspx”)
 To go to next page by hyperlink properties
o Text  next
o Navigate URL  default.aspx
 When we want to move to next page without submitting the current page we use
hyperlink.

Basic Controls in .net

 checkbox

checkbox1_checked changed event

{
If(checkbox.checked == true)
{
Textbox1.font.bold = true;
}
Else
{
Textbox1.font.bold = false;
}
}

o web server control has property

autoPostBack  to make the page submit when there value changes
coz all web server control accept value after clicking
on button.

- 23 -
  Radio button
o Property GroupName to mention the group.
o They have only selected whenever we click on them not lick checkbox.

radiobutton_checked changed event

{
Textbox1.forecolor = color.red
}

o We must include a namespace to use color

Using System.Drawing;

 Checkbox list
o DataBound control  it is collection of checkboxes
o Useful when we want to make checkboxes at runtime.
o Properties
 Repeat columns  value
 Repeat direction  vertical/ horizontal
o 3 method of defining the checkboxes
 Edit items
 Selected  by default selected
 Enabled  disable to user to change it

 Run time data entry

Page_load
{
If(page.isPostBack == false)
{
Checkboxlist1.itms.add(“abc”);
Checkboxlist1.itms.add(“xyz”);
}

/* For collection
 We must have namespace
Using System.collection;
 Collection is data structure to store items
 Arraylist
 array of objects which increase its size dynamically.
 by default has size equal to 6 characters.
*/

- 24 -
 Arraylist arr = new ArrayList();
arr.add(“abc”);
arr.add(“xyz);

checkboxlist1.dataSource = arr;
checkboxlist1.dataBind();

// both these methods work together

Checkboxlist1.items[0].enabled = false;

Button1_click
{
For(int32 i=0;i<checkboxlist1.items.count; i++)
{
If(checkboxlist1.item[i].selected==true)
Textbox1.text+=checkboxlist1.item[i].
text +”\n”;
}
}

 Textbox property
Textmode  multiple line (to display data in multiple line)
 To store different value in checkbox at behind
(hidden name  value, display name text)
 To add value field
Checkboxlist1.items.add(new listItem(“aa”,”1”));
 To retrieve value
Checkboxlist1.items[i].value;

- 25 -
DATABASE HANDLING
Difference between MsAccess and SQL

 In oracle & SQL there are triggers, procedure, functions, cursor generally know as
compile objects which are store in database and executed in database only due to
which traffic will not slow down.
 Database server and application server are two different things.
 Store procedure once executed, next time the procedure will be faster than before.
 Less space in access.
 Less security in access.
 Oracle is 99.9% used by the those companies which have own server.
 In Web development 99% we use SQL.

ADO.Net (ActiveX Data Object)

 It is an environment which is design by Microsoft for database handling.

 Two main components
o XML ( it is lincense free, platform independent and the fastest way of data
transfer ).
o Disconnected approach (data is copied at application server and the connect
with the database server is disconnected so that original data will remain
untouched).
 It design while having web application in mind.

Database connectivity

- 26 -
 There are 4 ways of connectivity with database
o ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) Used to connect to each n
o OLEDB (Object Linking & Embedding) every server

o SQLClient (specifically used with Ms SQL server. It is included in .net)

o ORACLEClient (specifically used with Oracle server. It is included in .net)

Better performance and Compatibility

 Two main files are there

o .mdf (Microsoft database file)
o .ldf ( log database file)

 To create database
o View  server explorer
o In last there is “server” to know the server name
o Data connection(right click)  create new SQL server DB
o Mention these fields
 Server name  sac
 Use SQL server authentication
 Username  “sa” (default)
 New database name  dbemployee
o Now this dbemployee will be added in data connection
o Sac.dbemployee  table(right click)  add new table
o Mention column name and data type as
 Eno  int
 Ename  varchar(50)
 Eaddress  varchar(50)
 Esal  int
 Difference between varchar and nvarchar is that varchar uses ASCII and nvarchar
uses Unicode.
 Web.config file
o It is used to store connection string. It is to manipulate it if server name, uid
changes instead of going to each n every page we just change it in web.config.
o Non compile file where as module has to compile
o XML based, Case sensitive
o Secure in version 2.0 (we cant view the file without coding)
o Intelligence help is provided in version 2.0
o It can be multiple in single project but machine.config is single in one project.
o It is for project configuration e.g. security setting, session setting etc
o To add web.config

- 27 -
  Website  add new item  web conf file
o Add connection string in this file
<connection string>

<add name=”nonu” connectionString=”server=sac; database=dbemployee;

key
uid=sa; pwd=admin”/>

It is used if u have
mentioned password
</connection string>
o Server name in connection string is not compulsory if ur server is same
system where application is running.
o In 1.0 we add connection string in <appsettings> tag
Eg. <add key=”cs” value=”database=dbemp;uid=sa”>
And Excess this as configurationSetting.AppSettings[“cs”]

 Difference between
o Hash  stores key as well as value
o Array  stores only value
 We should add

Using System.data.SQLClient;
Class_default
{
SQLConnection con = new SQLConnection();

// SQLConnection class is used to establish connection

Page_load
{
This.smartNavigation = true;

// in c# we use “this” and in VB.Net we use “me”

Con.connectionString =

ConfigurationManager.ConnectionString[“nonu”].
connectionString;

// ConfigurationManager is used to read connection string.

If (con.State ==ConnectionState.Closed)
{
Con.open();

- 28 -
 }
// open() make connection active & make connectivity with SQL server.
// before using open() we must check the state of connection otherwise
problem of connection pooling occur.

// run this much if it page opens that means connectivity is ok

// don’t insert control directly on page coz it will not look going when the resolution
changes.

If(page.isPostBack == false)
textbox1.text=getAuto().toString();
}
Button1_click // save
{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand();

// SQLCommand bridge between data and database. Used for save, delete, update,
display
cmd.CommandText.=”Insert into themp
values(@eno,@en,@ed@es)”;

// commandText is used to specify query or store procedure, @eno are parameters with
are used at runtime

cmd.command=con;

// connection established

cmd.parameters.add(“@eno”,sqldbtype.Int).value =
convert.ToInt32(textbox1.text);

// Sqldbtype is enumerator(user define datatype)

cmd.parameters.add(“@en”,sqldbtype.Varchar, 50).
value = textbox2.text;
cmd.executeNonQuery();

// ExecuteNonQuery Execute the query and return the no. of data received.
cmd.dispose(); // destructor

textbox1.text= getAuto().toString();
//textbox1.text = “ “;
textbox2.text = “ “;
textbox3.text = “ “;
textbox4.text = “ “;
}

- 29 -
 }
}

Update code

Button2_click //update
{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand ();
cmd.commandText=”update tbemp set ename=@en, edd =
@ed, esal = @es where empno = @eno”;
cmd.command=con;
cmd.parameters.add (“@eno”, sqldbtype.Int).value =
convert.ToInt32 (textbox1.text);
cmd.parameters.add (“@en”, sqldbtype.Varchar, 50).
value = textbox2.text;
cmd.executeNonQuery ();
cmd.dispose ();
textbox1.text = “ “;
textbox2.text = “ “;
textbox3.text = “ “;
textbox4.text = “ “;
}
Delete Code

Button3_click //delete
{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand();
cmd.commandText=”delete from tbemp where empno=@eno”;

cmd.command=con;

cmd.parameters.add(“@eno”,sqldbtype.Int).value =
convert.ToInt32(textbox1.text);

cmd.parameters.add(“@en”,sqldbtype.Varchar, 50).
value =textbox2.text;
cmd.executeNonQuery();

cmd.dispose();

textbox1.text = “ “;
textbox2.text = “ “;
textbox3.text = “ “;
textbox4.text = “ “;
}

Display code

- 30 -
Button4_click
{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand();
cmd.commandText =”select * from tbemp”;
cmd.connection = con;

SQLDataReader dr;
/*
 SQLDataReader is used to view data,
 It is read only.
 Forward only ( only go in forward direction)
 It is the fastest way of data retrieval.
 Sequential read.
 No need of “new” operator.
 It is segantal class used to pass reference just like abstract class.
 We should close it after using it coz otherwise we can’t use it again like static
method it has only one memory.
*/

Dr = cmd.ExecuteReader ();

// ExecuteReader just execute the query n store the data in variable(just for display)

Listbox1.dataTextField =”ename”;

// DataTextField display the data in listbox

Listbox1.dataValueField =”empno”;

// value at the back side of listbox (not visible)

Listbox1.DataSource = dr;
Listbox1.DataBind();

Dr.close();
cmd.dispose();
}

 Set the autoPostBack property of listbox1 equal to true.

Listbox1_selectedIndexChanged
{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand ();
cmd.commandText=”select * from dbemp where empno =
@eno”;

- 31 -
 cmd.command=con;
cmd.parameters.add (“@eno”, sqldbtype.Int).value =
convert.ToInt32 (listbox1.selectedValue);

cmd.parameters.add (“@eno”, sqldbtype.Int).value =

convert.ToInt32 (listbox1.selectedItem.text);

// selectedValue to get the value behind the data selected

// selectedItem.text to get the value display in the listbox

SqlDataReader dr;
Dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

If(dr.HasRows)
{
Dr.Read(); // to read the next line
Textbox1.Text = dr [“empno”].ToString();
Textbox1.Text = dr [“ename”].ToString();
Textbox1.Text = dr [“eaddress”].ToString();
Textbox1.Text = dr [“esal”].ToString();
}
// convert the data to string coz by default they are objects

Dr.close();
cmd.dispose();
}

 To generate the auto numbers like account no., empno

Private Int32 getAuto()

{
SQLcommand cmd = new sqlcommand ();
cmd.commandText=”select isNull(max(empno), 0) from
tbemp”;

cmd.connection = con;
Int32 r = convert.ToInt32(cmd.executeScalar()) + 1;

// executeScalar for query which return single value, if multiple value is there
then
It returns first column’s fist value.

cmd.dispose();
Return r;
}

- 32 -
STORE PROCEDURES

 They can pass maximum 1024 numbers of parameters

 There are 3 types of parameters
o Input (just to pass the value)
o Output (just to return the value)
o Input/output (we can pass as well as return value)
 They can return value
 Pre compile objects
 Difference between function and procedure
o Function must return value, procedure may or may not return value
o Function can return any type of data whether array, integer, object etc but
procedure can return only integer.
o Function is used as variable but procedure is executed
o Procedure is compiled in memory
o Store in database and executed in database and once execute comes in the
cache which help it run more faster next time.
o Store procedure SQL engine par execute hote hai, function first goes to SQL
server and there they first compile n then executed.
 To create store procedure go to server explorer
o Sac.dbemp (database)  Store procedure (Right click)  Add new store
procedure.
 The language in which we work is know as tangent SQL or T-SQL.

- 33 -
Save procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE insemp

(
@eno int,
@en varchar(50),
@ed varchar(50),
@es int
)
AS
Insert into tbemp values(@eno,@en,@ed,@es)

 When we save this CREATE will automatically changes to ALTER that means in
future we can only alter this procedure.
 If we don’t specify the size in varchar then it will store only one character.

Update procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE updemp

(
@eno int,
@en varchar(50),
@ed varchar(50),
@es int
)
AS
Update tbemp set ename = @en, eaddress = @ed, esal =
@es where empno = @eno

Delete procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE delemp

(
@eno int
)
AS
Delete tbemp where empno = @eno.

Display procedure

- 34 -
CREATE PROCEDURE dispemp
AS
Select * from tbemp.

Find procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE findemp

(
@eno int
)
AS
Select * from tbemp where empno = @eno

 We can store more than one query in one procedure when we do more than one work
in a single step like when we click on button then Save n Update will run
simultaneous.

Authentication procedure

 Create table (tbuser)

o Uname  varchar(50)
o Upass  varchar(50)

CREATE PROCEDURE loginCheck

(
@u varchar(50),
@p varchar(50)
)
AS
Declare @ap varchar(50)
SELECT @ap = upass from tbuser where uname = @u

If @ap is null
Return -1
Else
If @ap = @p
Return 1
Else
Return -2

 If we don’t write anything in front of parameter then by default they are of type input.
 If uname is not valid then select statement return null in @ap.
 Now instead of writing command in front end we write these two lines
o Cmd.commandText=”Procedure name”;
o Cmd.commandType=commandType.StoreProcedure;
 CommandType tells us the type of command.

- 35 -
 To enter data directly to table  right click on the table in the server explorer 
show table data.
 Add two three accounts in the table
 Design the front view design of login screen

Using System.data.SQLClient;
Class_default
{
SQLConnection con = new SQLConnection;
Page_load
{
Con.connectionString = configurationManager.
connectionString[“nonu”].connectionSting;

if (con.state = = connectionState.closed)
{
Con.open();
}
}
Private Int32 checkuser(String u, String p)
{
SQLCommand cmd = new SQLCommand();
cmd.commandText = “loginCheck”;
cmd.commandType = commandType.StoreProcedure
cmd.pamameter.add(“@u”,SQLVbType.varchar, 50).value=u;

cmd.pamameter.add(“@p”,SQLVbType.varchar, 50).value=p;

// to receive the value return by procedure we must make a parameter

SQLParameter p1 = new SQLParameter(“@ret”,

SQLDbtype.Int);
P1.Direction = ParameterDirection.returnValue;

// returnValue is the 4th type of parameter

// output parameter can be multiple but we can use only one returnValue.

cmd.parameter.add(p1);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

// value will be added in @ret

Int32 k =convert.Toint32(cmd.parameter[“@ret”].value);
cmd.dispose();
Return k;
}

- 36 -
button1_click
{
Int32 r = checkUser(Textbox1.text, Textbox2.text);
If ( r = = -1)
{
Label1.text = “ WRONG USER”;
}

Else if ( r = = -2)
{
Label1.text = ”wrong Password”;
}
Else
{
Label1.text = ”LOGIN”;
}
}

// this is called connected approach coz in this we use “open” to connect

TEMPLATES

 Collection of HTML & web controls

 8 were included in version 1.1 and in 2.0 two more are added.
 Total 10 templates are there
o Item template
o Header template
o Footer template
o Select template
o Pager template
o Edit item template
o Separator template
o Alternating item template
o Insert item template
o Empty data template
 Last two were added in version 2.0
 All templates always use with composite databound control
 Composite databound control are those in which we add child
 Three type of Composite databound control in version 1.1
o Repeator
o Data list

- 37 -
 o Data grid
 Five type of Composite databound control are there in version 2.0
o Repeator
o Data list
o Grid view
o Form view
o Detail view
 All Composite databound control work with templates & vice versa

Repeater

 To display data in single column

 No manipulation (data edit, update, delete nahi hota)
 No paging
 No default template
 We can only apply 5 type of template
o Item template
o Header template
o Footer template
o Separator template
o Insert item template
 Repeater disconnected approach
o Create a database dbbook
o Add a table tbbook
 bookId  int
 bookTitle  varchar(50)
 bookAuthor  varchar(50)
 bookPub  varchar(50)
 bookPrice  int
 bookImg  varchar(50) // we can also store this in binary
o Add two three records in the table.
o From the toolbox  data add a repeater
o Add web.config file and make connectionString

using System.Data.SqlClient;

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
repBind();
}
private void repBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from
tbbook",ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings

- 38 -
 ["cs"].ConnectionString);

// SqlDataAdapter always used with disconnection approach. It implicit open & close the
Connection

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

/* DataSet
 Collection of table
 Equal to DataReader
 We can set the relations
 Very important point is that it read and write data in XML format
 Types
o Type DataSet
 We define the structure at design time
 Performance is better than untype DataSet
 We use it in reports or when we know fixed no. of columns
 Extension  .xsd
o Untype DataSet
 Define structure at run time
 Data is also added at run time
 Performance is slow
 We use this if we don’t know fixed no of column
*/
adp.Fill(ds);
// Fill  create connection, open it, execute query, put data in DataSet close connection
Repeater1.DataSource = ds;
Repeater1.DataBind();
}

 Go to HTML of default.aspx

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">

<! Asp  Tag Prefix>
<! Repeater  Tag Name>

<ItemTemplate>
<table>
<tr>
<td width=20px bgcolor=green></td>
<td>
<img src="<%#Eval("bookImg") %>" width='50px’
height='50px'/>
</td>
<td>
<b>Title: </b><% # Eval("bookTitle")%><br />

- 39 -
 <b>Author: </b><% #Eval("bookAuthor")%><br />
<b>Publisher: </b><% #Eval("bookPub")%><br />
<b>Price: </b><% #Eval("bookPrice")%><br />
</td>

</tr>
</table>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

Q. DISPLAY DATA IN TABLE FORM:

Default.aspx
<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
<table>
<tr bgcolor=green>
<th>BookId</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Author</th>
<th>Publisher</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Discount</th>
<th>Amount</th>
</tr>
</HeaderTemplate>

<ItemTemplate>
<tr bgcolor=lime>
<td><%#Eval("bookId")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookTitle")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookAuthor")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookPub")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookPrice")%></td>
<td><%#CalDis(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("bookPrice"))) %>
</td>
<td><%#CalAmt(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("bookPrice"))) %>
</td>
</tr>
</ItemTemplate>

<FooterTemplate>
</table>
</FooterTemplate>

<AlternatingItemTemplate>
<tr bgcolor=olive>

- 40 -
 <td><%#Eval("bookId")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookTitle")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookAuthor")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookPub")%></td>
<td><%#Eval("bookPrice")%></td>
<td><%#CalDis(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("bookPrice"))) %>
</td>
<td><%#CalAmt(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("bookPrice"))) %>
</td>
</tr>
</AlternatingItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

Default.aspx.cs

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
RepBind();
}
private void RepBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from bbook",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
Repeater1.DataSource = ds;
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
public Int32 CalDis(Int32 prc)
{
return prc * 10 / 100;
}
public Int32 CalAmt(Int32 prc)
{
return prc - CalDis(prc);
}
Template

 Working and time of all the template are fixed.

 Order doesn’t disturb the working of templates.
 In item template
o We define only single row display format.
o It will run again n again according to the number of rows.
 Header template
o It will run only once for heading

- 41 -
 o It’s the first template, which will run.
 Footer templates will run in the last
 We can excess only public and protected member in HTML.
 Alternating item templates work with item templates alternating.
 Repeater me different column wala concept nahi hota.

Datalist

 To display data in multiple column.

 We can manipulate data (edit, delete, update)
 No paging.
 No default template
 7 templates are applicable
o Item template
o Header template
o Footer template
o Select template
o Edit item template
o Separator template
o Alternating item template

Q. DISPLAY DATA IN DIFFERENT COLUMN

 Place dataList from toolbox

 Add web config file and make connection string.

Using System.Data.Sqlclient;

Private void ListBind()

{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbbook",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
DataList1.DataSource = ds;
DataList1.DataBind();
}

Page_load
{

- 42 -
 If(page.isPostBack==false)
ListBind();
}

 In HTML

<asp:DataList…>
<ItemTemplate>
<b>Title:</b><%#Eval(“bookTitle”)%><br/>
<b>Author:</b><%#Eval(“bookAuthor”)%><br/>
<b>Publisher:</b><%#Eval(“bookPub”)%><br/>
<b>Price:</b><%#Eval(“bookPrice”)%><br/>
<asp:LinkButton ID=”lb” Text=”Edit” CommandName=”Edit”
Runat=”server”>
</asp:LinkButton>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList>

 There are some predefine command name

o Edit
o Update
o Delete
o Cancel
o Select
o New (added in version 2.0, not used with DataList)
o Insert (added in version 2.0, not used with DataList)
 DataList  property RepeatColumn = Value
To display data in more than one column
 To auto format click on DataList Tasks  AutoFormat.

<EditItemTemplate>
<b>Title:</b>
<asp:TextBox ID=”t1” Text=’<%#Eval(“bookTitle”)%>’
Runat=”server”>
</asp:TextBox><br/>
<b>Author:</b>
<asp:TextBox ID=”t1” Text=’<%#Eval(“bookTitle”)%>’
Runat=”server”>
</asp:TextBox><br/>

<b>Publisher:</b>
<asp:TextBox ID=”t1” Text=’<%#Eval(“bookPub”)%>’
Runat=”server”>
</asp:TextBox><br/>

- 43 -
 <b>Price:</b>
<asp:TextBox ID=”t1” Text=’<%#Eval(“bookPrice”)%>’
Runat=”server”>
</asp:TextBox><br/>

<asp:LinkButton ID=”lb” Text=”Update”

CommandName=”Update” Runat=”server”>
</asp:LinkButton>
<asp:LinkButton ID=”lb” Text=”Cancel”
CommandName=”Cancel” Runat=”server”>
</asp:LinkButton>

</EditItemTemplate>

 To make event
DataList properties icon(event) EditCommand(double click)
DataList properties icon(event) CancelCommand(double click)

DataList1_EditCommand(source, e)
{
DataList1.EditItemIndex = e.Item.ItemIndex;

// e is current selected item

ListBind();
}

DataList1_CancelCommand(source, e)
{
DataList1.EditItemIndex = -1;
ListBind();
}

DataList1_UpdateCommand(source, e)
{
String title, author, pub;
Int32 prc;
Title=((textbox)(e.Item.FindControl(“t1”))).text;
Author =((textbox)(e.Item.FindControl(“t2”))).text;
Pub =((textbox)(e.Item.FindControl(“t3”))).text;
Prc=Convert.ToInt32(((textbox)
(e.Item.FindControl(“t4”))).text);
bid = Convert.ToInt32
(DataList1.DataKeys[e.Item.ItemIndex]);
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

- 44 -
 con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;

if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.CommandText = "update tbbook set bookTitle=@title,

bookAuthor =@author, bookPub=@pub, bookPrice=@prc where
bookId=@bid";

cmd.Connection = con;

cmd.Parameters.Add("title", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value = title;

cmd.Parameters.Add("author", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value=author;
cmd.Parameters.Add("pub", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value = pub;

cmd.Parameters.Add("prc", SqlDbType.Int).Value = prc;

cmd.Parameters.Add("bid", SqlDbType.Int).Value = bid;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

DataList1.EditItemIndex = -1;
ListBind();

}
 To make direct connection with database without coding we use SqlDataSource
o It is used with 2 – tier architecture
o Two layers in 2 – tier architecture are
 Data Access Layer
 Presentation Layer
o Used for database connectivity, to read, insert, update etc.

 Place SqlDataSource from toolbox and click on SqlDataSource tasks

 Configure Data Source select Database give name to connectionString (mark
the checkbox if u want this connection
String should added in web.config file)
 Select table  then select columns  then click finish.
 Click on DataList Tasks  Choose Data Source  SqlDataSource1.
 To check whether this SqlDataSource is connected or disconnected approach
Click on the properties of SqlDataSource  DataSourceMode 
DataReader(connected approach) / DataSet(disconnected approach)

 In HTML

- 45 -
<ItemTemplate>
<b>Name:</b><%#Eval("productName")%><br />
<b>Price:</b><%#Eval("unitPrice")%><br />
<b>CategoryId:</b><%#Eval("categoryId")%><br />
<b>SupplierId:</b><%#Eval("supplierId")%><br />
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb" Text=Edit CommandName="edit"
runat=server>
</asp:LinkButton><br /><br />
</ItemTemplate>

<EditItemTemplate>
<b>Name:</b><asp:TextBox ID="tb1" Text='<%#Eval
("productName")%>' runat=server></asp:TextBox><br />

<b>Price:</b><asp:TextBox ID="tb2" Text='<%#Eval

("unitPrice")%>' runat=server></asp:TextBox><br />

<b>Category:</b>
<asp:DropDownList ID="dd1" DataTextField="categoryName"
DataValueField="CategoryId" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2"
runat=server SelectedValue='<%#Eval("categoryId")%>'>
</asp:DropDownList><br />

<b>Supplier:</b>
<asp:DropDownList ID="dd2" DataTextField="companyName"
DataValueField="supplierId" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource3"
runat=server SelectedValue='<%#Eval("supplierId")%>'>
</asp:DropDownList><br />

<asp:LinkButton ID="lb1" Text="Update" CommandName=

"update" runat=server></asp:LinkButton>

<asp:LinkButton ID="lb2" text="Cancel" CommandName=

"cancel" runat=server></asp:LinkButton><br/><br/>

</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList>

 Go to DataList  Property  event  EditCommand / UpdataCommand /

CancelCommand

DataList1_EditCommand(source, e)
{
DataList1.EditItemIndex = e.Item.ItemIndex;
DataList1.DataBind();
}

- 46 -
DataList1_CancelCommand(source, e)
{
DataList1.EditItemIndex = -1;
DataList1.DataBind();
}

 SqlDataSource1  Properties  UpdateQuery 

Update Products set productname=@pn, unitprice=@un, categoryId=@cid,

supplierId=@sid where productId=@pid

DataList1_UpdateCommand(source, e)
{
String pn, prc, cd, sd, pid;

pn = ((TextBox)(e.Item.FindControl("t1"))).Text;
prc =((TextBox)(e.Item.FindControl("t2"))).Text;
cd = ((DropDownList)(e.Item.FindControl("dd1"))).Text;
sd ((DropDownList)(e.Item.FindControl("dd2"))).Text);
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameter[“pn”].DefaultValue=pn;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameter[“un”].DefaultValue=pn;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameter[“cid”].DefaultValue=cd;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameter[“sid”].DefaultValue=sd;
/*
 DataList  Property  DataKeyField  ProductId
 In this field we mention those field which we don’t want to display but used in
programming.
 DataKeys Array[0]  0th row ka productId
*/
pd = (DataList1.DataKeys[e.item.itemIndex]).ToString();
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameter[“pid”].DefaultValue=pd;
SqlDataSource1.update();
Datalist1.EditItemIndex = -1;
Datalist1.databind();

- 47 -
Q. PRODUCTS WITH CHECKBOX

 Place DataList1, DataList2, Button

 Add web.config file.

Using System.Data.Sqlclient;

Page_load
{
If(page.isPostBack==false)
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbbook",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
DataList1.DataSource = ds;
} DataList1.DataBind();

- 48 -
 }
Button_click
{
String st=””;
For(int32 i=0; i<DataList.item.count;i++;)
{
checkbox c=(checkbox)(Datalist1.item[I].FindControl(“cb”));

if(c.checked ==true)
st +=DataList1.DataKey[I].toString() +”,”;
}
St = st.Substring(0,st.length-1);

SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from products

where product In(“+st+”)”),ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
DataList2.DataSource = ds;
DataList2.DataBind();
}

 In HTML

<asp:DataList1…>
<ItemTemplate>
<b><%Eval(“productName”)%><br/>
<asp:checkbox ID=”cb” text=”Buy” runat=server>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList1>

<asp:DataList2>
<ItemTemplate>
<b><%Eval(“productName”)%></b><br/>
<b><%Eval(“unitPrice”)%></b><br/>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList1>

 To print output on form we use Response.write(“Hello World”)

- 49 -
Q. DISPLAY SELECTED DATA IN TEXTBOX

 Place dataList from toolbox

 Add web config file and make connection string.

Using System.Data.Sqlclient;

Private void ListBind()

{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbbook",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
DataList1.DataSource = ds;
DataList1.DataBind();
}

- 50 -
 Page_load
{
If(page.isPostBack==false)
ListBind();
}
DataList1_SelectedIndexChanged
{
String st;
st = "select * from tbbook where bookId=" +
DataList1.DataKeys[selectedIndex].ToString();

SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(st, ConfigurationManager.

ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
//TextBox1.Text=ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]
["bookTitle"].ToString();
//TextBox2.Text = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]
["bookAuthor"].ToString();
//TextBox3.Text = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]
["bookPub"].ToString();
//TextBox4.Text = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0]
["bookPrie"].ToString();

// DS is an object n is very heary so it’s not good to call it again n again. We should use
properties, method, variable but not objects

DataRowView r;

// DataRowView class only accept single row.

r=ds.Tables[0].DefaultView[0];

TextBox1.Text = r[0]["bookTitle"].ToString();
TextBox2.Text =r[0]["bookAuthor"].ToString();
TextBox3.Text = r[0]["bookPub"].ToString();
TextBox4.Text = r[0]["bookPrice"].ToString();
}

 In HTML

<asp:DataList…>
<ItemTemplate>
<b>Title:
</b><asp:LinkButton ID="lb" Text='<%#Eval("bookTitle")%>'
CommandName=”select" runat=server>
</asp:LinkButton><br />

- 51 -
 <b>Author: </b><%#Eval("bookAuthor")%><br />
<b>Publisher: </b><%#Eval("bookPub")%><br />
<b>Price: </b><%#Eval("bookPrice")%><br />
</ItemTemplate>

Q. EXPAND AND COLLAPSE

 Place Repeater from toolbox  chose data source

 Place SqlDataSource1  configure data source

In HTML

<head runat="server">
<title>Untitled Page</title>
<style >
.abc{font-size:larger;font-weight:bold}
.xyz{display:none;visibility:hidden}
</style>
<script language='javascript'>

function getData(id)
{
var e;

- 52 -
 color(id);
e=document.getElementById('d'+id);
if(e)
{
if(e.style.display!='block')
{
e.style.display='block';
e.style.visibility='visible';
}
else
{
e.style.display='none';
e.style.visibility='hidden';
}
}
for(var i=0;i<6;i++)
{
if(i==id)
{
i++;
}
var e1=document.getElementById('d'+i);
if(e1)
{
e1.style.display='none';
e1.style.visibility='hidden';
}
}
}
function color(id)
{
var e1;
e1=document.getElementById('h'+id);
if(e1)
{
e1.style.color='blue';
}
for(var i=0;i<6;i++)
{
if(i==id)
{
i++;
}
e2=document.getElementById('h'+i);
if(e2)
{
e2.style.color='black';

- 53 -
 }
}
}
</script>

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">

<ItemTemplate>
<div id='h<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"itemindex")%>' ondblclick=
'getData(<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"itemindex")%>)'
class='abc' onclick='color(<%#DataBinder.Eval
(Container,"itemindex")%>)' >

<b><%#Eval("bookTitle")%><br /></b>
</div>
<div id='d<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"itemindex")%>'
class='xyz'>
<b> Author:</b><%#Eval("bookAuthor")%><br />
<b> Publisher:</b><%#Eval("bookPub")%><br />
<b> Price:</b><%#Eval("bookPrice")%><br /><br />
</div>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

 Div is a container in which we store different things

 In Style
o Display : none  collapse, block  expand
 GetElementById in JavaScript is just like FindControl to find the control.

Q. PAGING

 Create a store procedure in database.

 We use cursor in this which are
o Private area to SQL
o Store Result of query
o Information in cursor is called Data set.
o The cursor which stores the result of select is called implicit cursor.
 Cursor has 4 steps:
o Create
o Open
o Fetch
o Close

ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.StoredProcedure1

(

- 54 -
 @pagenumber int,
@pagesize int
)
AS
declare @strec int
declare @endrec int
declare @stpid int
declare @endpid int
declare @reccount int

set @strec = @pagenumber*@pagesize-@pagesize+1

declare c_prd scroll cursor for
select productId from tbproduct order by productId

open c_prd
fetch absolute @strec from c_prd into @stpid

// we use absolute coz if value is –ve it take from the last.

select @reccount=count(*) from tbproduct where
productid > @stpid

if @reccount < @pagesize

begin
set @endrec = @strec + @reccount
end
else
begin
set @endrec = @pagenumber * @pagesize
end

fetch absolute @endrec from c_prd into @endpid

close c_prd

select count(*) from tbproduct

select productName, unitPrice, categoryName from tbproduct a,

tbcategory b where a.categoryId = a.categoryId and
productId > @stpid and productId <= @endpid

Default.aspx.cs

protected void Page_Load(sender, e)

{
if (Page.IsPostBack == false)
{
PageBind(1);
}

- 55 -
}
private void PageBind(Int32 pg)
{
Int32 nor, repcol;
nor = (Convert.ToInt32(DropDownList1.SelectedValue));
if (nor <= 4)
{
repcol = nor;
}
else
{
repcol = Convert.ToInt32(nor / 2);
}
DataList1.RepeatColumns = repcol;

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString=ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "paging";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@pagenumber",SqlDbType.Int).Value=pg;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@pagesize", SqlDbType.Int).Value = nor;

cmd.Connection = con;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
dr.Read();

Int32 total,t;
total = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]);
if (total % nor == 0)
{
t = Convert.ToInt32(total / nor);
}
else
{
t = Convert.ToInt32(total / nor +1);
}
Label1.Text = pg.ToString();
Label2.Text = "of";
Label3.Text = t.ToString();

Int32 i;
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();

- 56 -
 arr.Add("<");
for (i = 1; i <= Convert.ToInt32(Label3.Text); i++)
{
arr.Add(i.ToString());
}
arr.Add(">");
DataList2.RepeatDirection=RepeatDirection.Horizontal;
DataList2.DataSource = arr;
DataList2.DataBind();

if (dr.NextResult())
{
DataList1.DataSource = dr;
DataList1.DataBind();
}

dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();

Button1.Enabled = true;
Button2.Enabled = true;
Button3.Enabled = true;
Button4.Enabled = true;

if (pg == 1)
{
Button1.Enabled = false;
Button2.Enabled = false;
}
if (pg == Convert.ToInt32(Label3.Text))
{
Button3.Enabled = false;
Button4.Enabled = false;
}

}
DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(sender, e)
{
PageBind(1);
}
protected void Button1_Click(sender, e) //First
{
PageBind(1);
}
protected void Button2_Click(sender, e) //previous
{

- 57 -
 PageBind(Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text) - 1);
}
protected void Button3_Click(sender, e) //Next
{
PageBind(Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text) + 1);
}
protected void Button4_Click(sender, e) //Last
{
PageBind(Convert.ToInt32(Label3.Text));
}
void DataList2_SelectedIndexChanged(sender,e)
{
if (DataList2.SelectedIndex==0)
{
if ((Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text))!= 1)
{
PageBind(Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text) - 1);
}
}
else if(DataList2.SelectedIndex==DataList2.Items.Count-1))
{
if((Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text))!=(DataList2.Items.Count - 2))
{
PageBind(Convert.ToInt32(Label1.Text) + 1);
}
}

else
{
PageBind(DataList2.SelectedIndex);
}
}
}

In HTML

<asp:DataList ID="DataList1" runat="server">

<ItemTemplate>
<b> Name: </b><%#Eval("productName")%><br />
<b> Price: </b><%#Eval("unitPrice")%><br />
<b> Category:</b><%#Eval("categoryName") %><br />
</ItemTemplate>

</asp:DataList>

- 58 -
<asp:DataList ID="DataList2" runat="server">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb" Text='<%#Container.DataItem%>'
CommandName="select" runat="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList>

GRIDVIEW

 To display data in rows & columns.

 We can manipulate data (edit, delete, and update).
 Auto edit, delete, select
 Inbuilt paging
 Inbuilt sorting
 Column bound
 8 templates are applicable
o Item template
o Header template
o Footer template
o Select template
o Pager template
o Edit item template
o Alternating item template
o Empty data template

- 59 -
  Properties of GridView
o AutoGenerateDeleteButton  true
o AutoGenerateEditButton  true
o AutoGenerateSelectButton  true
o AllowPaging  true
o PageSize  2
o PagerSetting
 Mode  Numeric/NextPrevFirstLast
 FirstPageText  First
 LastPageText  Last
 PrevPageText  Prev
 NextPageText  Next
 Position  TopBottom/Bottom
o AllowSorting  true
o Columns  Bookid  properties  Readonly  true
o DataKeyNames  bookid
// In DataKeyField we can specify only single value but in DataKeyName
we can specify more than 1 using “,”

 Properties of SqlDataSource
o UpdateQuery 
update tbbook set bookTitle=@bookTitle, bookAuthor=@bookAuthor,
bookPub=@bookPub, bookPrice=@bookPrice where bookId=@bookId

// if parameter name is equal to columns name then no need of added

parameter to query
o DeleteQuery 
Delete from tbbook where bookId=@bookId

GridView1_SelectedIndexChanged(sender, e)
{
TextBox1.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[1].Text;
TextBox2.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[2].Text;
TextBox3.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[3].Text;
TextBox4.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[4].Text;
TextBox5.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[5].Text;
}

With Coding

Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (Page.IsPostBack == false)
{
GrdBind();
}

- 60 -
}
private void GrdBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbbook",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowEditing(sender, e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
GrdBind();
}
GridView1_RowCancelingEdit(sender, e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}
GridView1_RowUpdating(sender, e)
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.CommandText ="update tbbook set bookTitle=@title,bookAuthor=

@author, bookPub=@pub, bookPrice=@price where bookId=@id";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id",SqlDbType.Int).Value= Convert.ToInt32
(((Label)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("l"))).Text);

cmd.Parameters.Add("@title", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =

((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("tb1"))).Text;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@author", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =

((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("tb2"))).Text;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@pub", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =

((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("tb3"))).Text;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@price",SqlDbType.Int).Value=Convert.ToInt32
(((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("tb4"))).Text);

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;

- 61 -
 GrdBind();
}

GridView1_RowDeleting(sender, e)
{
Int32 eno;
// add DataKeyName in GridView Property
eno = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys
[e.RowIndex][0]);
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;

con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText="delete from tbbook where bookId=@id";

cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id",SqlDbType.Int).Value= eno;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}

In HTML

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">

<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="bookId">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("bookId")%>
</ItemTemplate>

<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="l"
Text='<%#Eval("bookId")%>'runat="server">
</asp:Label>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("bookTitle")%>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>

- 62 -
 <asp:TextBox ID="tb1"
Text='<%#Eval("bookTitle")%>' runat="server">
</asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Author">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("bookAuthor")%>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="tb2" Text='<%#Eval("bookAuthor")%>'
runat="server">
</asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Publisher">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("bookPub")%>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="tb3" Text='<%#Eval("bookPub")%>'
runat="server">
</asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Price">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("bookPrice")%>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="tb4" Text='<%#Eval("bookPrice")%>'
runat="server">
</asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Edit">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb1" Text="Edit"
CommandName="Edit" runat="server">
</asp:LinkButton>

- 63 -
 </ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb3" Text="Update"
CommandName="Update" runat="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb4" Text="Cancel"
CommandName="Cancel" runat="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Delete">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:LinkButton ID="lb2" Text="Delete"
CommandName="Delete" runat="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

Q. GRID WITHIN GRID

 Place Gridview.
 Add Web Config file.
 Gridview  property  AutoGenerateColumn  false.
 GridviewpropertyColumnsAdd(TemplateField)HeaderText  Category
 GridviewpropertyColumnsAdd(TemplateField)HeaderText  Products

In HTML

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"

AutoGenerateColumns="False" Height="238px" Width="269px">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Category">
<ItemTemplate>

- 64 -
 <b>ID:</b><%#Eval("categoryId")%><br />
<b>Name:</b>&nbsp; <%#Eval("categoryName")%>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Products">
<ItemTemplate>

<asp:GridView ID="gv1" AutoGenerateColumns="false"

Width="500px" runat="server" DataSource='<%#GetData
(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("categoryId")))%>'>
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="ID"
DataField="productId" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Name"
DataField="productName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Price"
DataField="unitPrice" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GrdBind();
}
private void GrdBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from
tbcategory;select * from tbproduct", ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}

- 65 -
 public DataSet GetData(Int32 cid)
{
String st;
st="select * from tbproduct where catergoryId="+cid.ToString();

SqlDataAdapter adp= new SqlDataAdapter(st,ConfigurationManager.

ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
return (ds);
}
}

 In this query will execute many time and this will lead to poor performance

Another way

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GrdBind();
}
private void GrdBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from
tbcategory;select * from tbproduct", ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);
adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
GridView1.DataBind();
}
public DataView GetData(Int32 cid)
{
DataView dv = ds.Tables[1].DefaultView;

// DataView is used to store, filter, Navigate data. It is temperory file on client side.

dv.RowFilter = "categoryId=" + cid.ToString();

return dv;
}
}

- 66 -
Q. GRAND AND SUBTOTAL

using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Drawing;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GrdBind();
}
private void GrdBind()
{
String st;
st = "select case when(grouping(categoryname)=1)
then 'G.Total' else categoryname end

- 67 -
 categoryname ,case when
(grouping(productname)=1) then 'Sub Total'
else productname end productname,
sum(unitprice) unitprice,sum(unitsinstock)
unitsinstock from products a, categories b
where a.categoryId=b.categoryId group by
categoryname, productname with rollup";
SqlDataAdapter adp=new SqlDataAdapter(st,ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
Int32 i=0;
String pc = "";
String nc = "";
while (i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count-1)
{
nc = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString();
if (nc != pc)
{
pc = nc;
DataRow r;
r = ds.Tables[0].NewRow();
r[1] = pc;
r[2] = -1;
ds.Tables[0].Rows.InsertAt(r, i);
i++;
}
i++;
}

DataRow r1;
r1 = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i];
r1[1] = "G.Total";
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(sender, e)
{
//Event in gridview which is called for all the rows for all templates.
if (e.Row.Cells[0].Text == "Sub Total")
{
e.Row.BackColor = Color.Gray;
}
if (e.Row.Cells[0].Text == "G.Total")
{
e.Row.BackColor = Color.Chocolate;

- 68 -
 }
if (e.Row.Cells[1].Text == "-1")
{
e.Row.BackColor = Color.Pink;
e.Row.Cells[0].ColumnSpan = 3;
e.Row.Cells[0].Font.Bold = true;
e.Row.Cells[0].HorizontalAlign =
HorizontalAlign.Center;
e.Row.Cells.RemoveAt(2);
e.Row.Cells.RemoveAt(1);
}
if (e.Row.Cells[0].Text == "Name")
{
e.Row.BackColor = Color.Chocolate;
}

}
}

QUERY ANALYZER

select isnull (categoryname,'G.Toatal'),isnull (productname,'Sub Total'), sum(unitprice)

unitprice,sum(unitsinstock) unitsinstock from products a, categories b where
a.categoryId=b.categoryId group by categoryname, productname with rollup

// Select me wohi column name aayege jo group by me define hote hai

// rollup is always use with “group by”
// This query will replace all null with “Sub Total” it not check where it is end of category
or null in product name column that y we use second query.

************************************************************************
select case when(grouping(categoryname)=1) then 'G.Total' else categoryname end
categoryname,case when(grouping(productname)=1) then 'Sub Total' else productname
end productname, sum(unitprice) unitprice,sum(unitsinstock) unitsinstock from products,

- 69 -
sum(unitprice) unitprice,sum(unitsinstock) unitsinstock from products a, categories b
where a.categoryId=b.categoryId group by categoryname, productname with rollup
a, categories b where a.categoryId=b.categoryId group by categoryname, productname
with rollup

Q. ADD ITEMS IN TABLE

 Place Gridview
 Add Web config file n make connection string
 Gridview  properties  autoGenrateColumns  false
 Click on the tasks menu of gridview  Edit Template
 Click on Empno in display and in its Template add what so ever control u want
then click on added data bindings and write code in code expression (like
Eval(“empno”))
 Do same for other coloums.
 When we mention command name of our choice then that is come under
RowCommand event

using System.Data.SqlClient;

- 70 -
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
GrdBind();
}
}

private void GrdBind()

{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbemp",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowCommand(sender, e)
{
if (e.CommandName == Save)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, eadd;
eno= Convert.ToInt32(((Label)
(GridView1.FooterRow.FindControl("label3"))).Text);
es= Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)
(GridView1.FooterRow.FindControl("textbox6"))).Text);
en = ((TextBox)
(GridView1.FooterRow.FindControl("textbox2"))).Text;
eadd = ((TextBox)
(GridView1.FooterRow.FindControl("textbox4"))).Text;

if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.CommandText = "insert into tbemp

values(@eno,@en,@eadd,@es)";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value=eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eadd", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value=eadd;

- 71 -
 cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

// we can also use adp.insertCommand = cmd

cmd.Dispose();
GrdBind();
}

}
public Int32 AutoGen()
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

if (con.State==ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
}
cmd.CommandText = "select isNull(max(empno), 0) from tbemp";
cmd.Connection = con;

Int32 r = Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar())+ 1;
cmd.Dispose();
return r;

}
protected void GridView1_RowEditing(sender,e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
GrdBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(sender, e)
{
Int32 eno;
// add DataKeyName in GridView Property
eno = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys
[e.RowIndex][0]);
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "delete from tbemp where empno=@eno";

cmd.Connection = con;

- 72 -
 cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value=eno;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

GrdBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(sender, e)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, eadd;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].
FindControl("label2"))).Text);
es = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox) (GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].
FindControl("textbox5"))).Text);
en = ((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows
[e.RowIndex].FindControl("textbox1"))).Text;
eadd = ((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].
FindControl("textbox3"))).Text;

if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "update tbemp set ename=@en, eaddress=@eadd,
esal=@es where empno=@eno";

cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value = en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eadd", SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowCancelingEdit(sender, e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}
}

- 73 -
Q. TO DISPLAY DATA IN TEXTBOX JUST CLICKING ON ROW

 Place Gridview chose data source

 Place SQLDataSource and configure it.
 GridView (properties)ColumnsCommandFieldadd Selectproperties
Visible =
false

protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(sender, e)

{
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.Header)
{
}

- 74 -
 else if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.Footer)
{
}
else
{
LinkButton lk = (LinkButton)(e.Row.Cells[6].Controls[0]);

e.Row.Attributes["onClick"] = ClientScript.
GetPostBackClientHyperlink(lk, "");
}
}
protected void GridView1_SelectedIndexChanged(sender,e)
{
TextBox1.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[0].Text;
TextBox2.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[1].Text;
TextBox3.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[2].Text;
TextBox4.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[3].Text;
TextBox5.Text = GridView1.SelectedRow.Cells[4].Text;
}

In HTML

<%@ Page Language="C#" EnableEventValidation="false"...%>

Q. TO SELECT COLUMNS TO BE DISPLAY AT RUN TIME

 Place Gridview
 Add web config file
 Place CheckBox list
 Place button

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(!Page.IsPostBack)

- 75 -
 {
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "select * from tbbook";
cmd.Connection = con;
SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
Int32 i;
for (i = 0; i < dr.FieldCount; i++)
{
CheckBoxList1.Items.Add(dr.GetName(i).ToString());
// to get the value of that column we can use GetValue
}
}
}
protected void Button1_Click(sender, EventArgs e)
{
String st = "";
Int32 i;
for (i = 0; i < CheckBoxList1.Items.Count; i++)
{
if (CheckBoxList1.Items[i].Selected == true)
{
st += CheckBoxList1.Items[i].Text + ",";
}
}
st = st.Substring(0, st.Length - 1);
String st1 = "select " + st + " from tbbook";
SqlDataAdapter adp=new SqlDataAdapter(st1,Configuration
Manager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}

- 76 -
DETAILVIEW
 Similar to GridView
 we can display only single record
 In built paging
 Auto editing, delete, insert
 We display fields in rows but in gridview we display fields in columns
 In this there is AutoGenrateRow
 Command name
o Edit
o Update
o Cancel
o Delete
o New
o Insert
 We use Detail view for single record operation .

- 77 -
  Place DetailView, SqlDataSource and configure them
 Properties of DetailView
o AutoGenerateDeleteButton  true
o AutoGenerateEditButton  true
o AutoGenerateInsertButton  true
o AllowPaging  true
o DataKeyNames  bookid

 Properties of SqlDataSource
o UpdateQuery 
update tbbook set bookTitle=@bookTitle, bookAuthor=@bookAuthor,
bookPub=@bookPub, bookPrice=@bookPrice where bookId=@bookId

o DeleteQuery 
Delete from tbbook where bookId=@bookId

o InsertQuery 
Insert into tbemp values(@empno,@ename,@eaddress,@esal)

 If parameter name are different from columns name

DetailsView1_ItemUpdating(sender, e)
{
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["eno"].DefaultValue =
e.Keys[0].ToString();
//Another way
//SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["eno"].DefaultValue=((TextBox)
(DetailsView1.Rows[0].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text;

SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["en"].DefaultValue =
e.NewValues[1].ToString();
/* whenever we use update then two arrays are make one contaning old values other with
new values. In we refer to array with values as NewValues[ ]*/

SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["ed"].DefaultValue =
e.NewValues[2].ToString();

SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["es"].DefaultValue =
e.NewValues[3].ToString();

}
DetailsView1_ItemInserting(sender, e)
{
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters["eno"].DefaultValue=((TextBox)
(DetailsView1.Rows[0].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text;

SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters["en"].DefaultValue=((TextBox)

- 78 -
 (DetailsView1.Rows[1].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text;

SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters["ed"].DefaultValue=((TextBox)
(DetailsView1.Rows[2].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text;

SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters["es"].DefaultValue=((TextBox)
(DetailsView1.Rows[3].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text;
}

DetailsView1_ItemDeleting(sender, e)
{
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters["eno"].DefaultValue=
e.Keys[0].ToString();
}

DETAIL VEIW WITH CODING

 Place DetailVeiw
 Add Web Config File
 DetailVeiw  properties  AutoGenrateRows  false
 DetailVeiw  properties  fields  Add template fields
o Empno
o Name
o Address
o Salary
o For buttons

 DetailVeiw  Tasks  Edit Templates

o Empno

- 79 -
  ItemTempLabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
 EditItemTemLabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
 InsertItemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
o Ename
 ItemTempLabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“ename”)
 EditItemTemTextboxEditDataBindincodeEval(“ename”)
 InsertItemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“ename”)
o Eaddress
 ItemTempLabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“eadd”)
 EditItemTemTextBoxEditDataBinding codeEval(“eadd”)
 InsertItemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“eadd”)
o Esal
 ItemTempLabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
 EditItemTemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
 InsertItemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
o Buttons
 ItemTemp LinkButtons
Edit (CommandName  edit)
New (CommandName  new)
Delete(CommandName  delete)

 EditItemTemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
Update (CommandName  update)
Cancel (CommandName Cancel)

 InsertItemTextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
Save (CommandName Insert)
Cancel (CommandName  Cancel)
o Empty Data Template //To show table if no data available
 ItemTemp LinkButtons
Add Data to Table (CommandName new)

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
DetailBind();
}
}
private void DetailBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbemp",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

- 80 -
 DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
DetailsView1.DataSource = ds;
DetailsView1.DataBind();
}
protected void DetailsView1_ModeChanging(sender, e)
{
if (e.NewMode == DetailsViewMode.Edit)
{
DetailsView1.ChangeMode(DetailsViewMode.Edit);
// for EditItemTemplate
}
else if (e.NewMode == DetailsViewMode.Insert)
{
DetailsView1.ChangeMode(DetailsViewMode.Insert);
// for InsertItemTemplate
}
else
{
DetailsView1.ChangeMode(DetailsViewMode.ReadOnly);
// for ItemTemplate
}
DetailBind();
}

protected void DetailsView1_ItemDeleting(sender, e)

{
Int32 eno;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(DetailsView1.
Rows[0].FindControl("label1"))).Text);

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;

con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "delete from tbemp where empno=@eno";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;

- 81 -
 cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

DetailBind();
}
protected void DetailsView1_ItemInserting(Sender, e)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, ed;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(DetailsView1.
Rows[0].FindControl("textbox1"))).Text);

en = ((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[1].
FindControl("textbox3"))).Text;

ed = ((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[2].
FindControl("textbox5"))).Text;

es = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[3].
FindControl("textbox7"))).Text);
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "insert into tbemp
values(@eno,@en,@ed,@es)";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@en",SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value=en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value= ed;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

DetailsView1.ChangeMode(DetailsViewMode.ReadOnly);
DetailBind();
}
protected void DetailsView1_ItemUpdating(sender, e)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, ed;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(DetailsView1.Rows[0].

- 82 -
 FindControl("label2"))).Text);
en = ((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[1].
FindControl("textbox2"))).Text;
ed = ((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[2].
FindControl("textbox4"))).Text;
es = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(DetailsView1.Rows[3].
FindControl("textbox6"))).Text);

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "update tbemp set ename=@en,
eaddress=@ed,esal=@es where empno=@eno";

cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno",SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es",SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=ed;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
DetailsView1.ChangeMode(DetailsViewMode.ReadOnly);
DetailBind();
}
protected void DetailsView1_PageIndexChanging(sender, e)
{
DetailsView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
DetailBind();
}
}
Q. TO SELECT PRODUCT TO SEE THE DETAILS

 Place Drop Down List

o choose data source  SqlDataSource1
o Enable PostBack
 Place Grid View
o choose data source  SqlDataSource2
o Enable Select button
 Place Detail View
o choose data source  SqlDataSource3
 Add SqlDataSource1
o In “NorthWind” database chose “categories” table in which select
“categoryId”, “categoryName” columns

- 83 -
  Add SqlDataSource2
o In “NorthWind” database chose “Product” table in which select
“ProductId”, “ProductName”,”UnitPrice” columns
o Click on where button set
Column  CategoryId
Operator  =
Source  Control
ControlId  DropDownList
o Click on add button

 Add SqlDataSource3
o In “NorthWind” database chose “Product” table in which select “*”
columns
o Click on where button set
Column  ProductId
Operator  =
Source  Control
ControlId  GridView
o Click on add button

Q. TO SELECT PRODUCT TO PURCHASE AND CHECK DETAIL

 Place Drop Down List

 Place GridView1
 Place GridView2
 Place LinkButtons (Show List, Add items to List, Select All, Deselect All)

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

- 84 -
 if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
DropDownBind();
GrdBind();
}
}
private void DropDownBind()
{
this.SmartNavigation = true;
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "Select CategoryName,CategoryId from
Categories";
cmd.Connection = con;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
DropDownList1.DataTextField = "CategoryName";
DropDownList1.DataValueField = "CategoryId";
DropDownList1.DataSource = dr;
DropDownList1.DataBind();
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
}
private void GrdBind()
{
String st = "Select * from Products a,Suppliers b where
a.SupplierId=b.SupplierId and CategoryId=" +
DropDownList1.SelectedValue.ToString();

SqlDataAdapter adp=new SqlDataAdapter(st,

ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].
ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource=ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged( sender, e)
{
GrdBind();
}
protected void LinkButton4_Click(sender, e)
{
this.SmartNavigation = true;
Int32 i;

- 85 -
 for (i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
{
CheckBox cb = (CheckBox)(GridView1.Rows[i].
FindControl("cb"));
cb.Checked = true;
}
}
protected void LinkButton3_Click(sender, e)
{
this.SmartNavigation = true;
Int32 i;
for (i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
{
CheckBox cb = (CheckBox)(GridView1.Rows[i].
FindControl("cb"));
cb.Checked = false;
}

}
protected void LinkButton2_Click(sender, e)
{
SqlConnection con1 = new SqlConnection();
con1.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs1"].ConnectionString;
con1.Open();

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.Connection = con1;
for (Int32 i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
{
CheckBox cb = (CheckBox)(GridView1.Rows[i].
FindControl("cb"));
if (cb.Checked == true)
{
String pn;
Int32 p;
pn =((Label)(GridView1.Rows[i].
FindControl("l1"))).Text;
p = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(GridView1.
Rows[i].FindControl("l2"))).Text);
cmd.CommandText = "insert into tbpurc
values(@pn"+i+",@p"+i+")";
cmd.Parameters.Add("@pn"+i,
SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value = pn;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@p"+i,
SqlDbType.Int).Value = p;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

- 86 -
 }
}
cmd.Dispose();
}

protected void LinkButton1_Click1(sender, e)

{
GrdBind2();
}
private void GrdBind2()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select case when(
grouping (ProductName)=1) then 'Total' else ProductName end
ProductName, sum(Price) Price from tbpurc group by ProductName
with rollup", ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings
["cs1"].ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
GridView2.DataSource = ds;
GridView2.DataBind();
}
protected void GridView2_RowCommand(sender, e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "Buy")
{
SqlConnection con1 = new SqlConnection();
con1.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs1"].ConnectionString;
con1.Open();

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.Connection = con1;
cmd.CommandText = "delete from tbpurc";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

cmd.Dispose();
}
}
}

In HTML
<style type="text/css">
.abc{font-size:larger;font-weight:bold}
.xyz{Display:none;visibility:hidden}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function GetData(id)

- 87 -
 {
var e;
color(id);
e=document.getElementById('d'+id);
if(e)
{
if(e.style.display!='block')
{
e.style.display='block';
e.style.visibility='visible';
}
else
{
e.style.display='none';
e.style.visibility='hidden';
}
}
for(var i=0;i<12;i++)
{
if(i==id)
{
i++;
}
var e1=document.getElementById('d'+i);
if(e1)
{
e1.style.display='none';
e1.style.visibility='hidden';
}
}
}
function color(id)
{
var e1;
e1=document.getElementById('h'+id);
if(e1)
{
e1.style.color='blue';
}

for(var i=0;i<12;i++)
{
if(i==id)
{
i++;
}
e2=document.getElementById('h'+i);

- 88 -
 if(e2)
{
e2.style.color='black';
}
}
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div style="text-align: justify">
Select The Category:
<asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server"
AutoPostBack="True" OnSelectedIndexChanged=
"DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged" >
</asp:DropDownList><br />
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" Width="693px"
AutoGenerateColumns="False">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:CheckBox ID="cb" runat="server" />
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="ProductId">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("ProductId")%>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name">
<ItemTemplate>

<div id='h<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>'
class='abc' ondblclick='GetData (<%#DataBinder.
Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>);' onclick='color
(<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>);'>
<asp:Label ID="l1"
Text='<%#Eval("ProductName")%>'
runat="server">
</asp:Label>
</div>
<div id='d<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>'

- 89 -
 class='xyz' ondblclick='GetData(<%#DataBinder.
Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>);' onclick='color
(<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"RowIndex")%>);'>
<b>Supplier Name:</b><%#Eval("CompanyName")%><br />
<b>Supplier Address:</b><%#Eval("Address")%><br />
<b>City:</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<%#Eval("city")%><br />
<b>Phone:</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<%#Eval("phone")%><br />
<b>Quantity per unit:</b><%#Eval("QuantityPerUnit")%><br />
<b>Units on Order:</b><%#Eval("UnitsOnOrder")%><br />
</div>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Unit Price">

<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="l2" Text='<%#Eval("UnitPrice")%>'
runat="server"></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Stock">
<ItemTemplate>
<%#Eval("UnitsInStock")%>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

<asp:GridView ID="GridView2" runat="server"

AutoGenerateColumns="False">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Product Name"
DataField="ProductName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Price" DataField="Price" />
<asp:TemplateField>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:LinkButton ID="LinkButton5" runat="server"
CommandName="Buy">Buy
</asp:LinkButton>
</FooterTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</HTML>

- 90 -
FORMVIEW
 Similar to DetailView
 we can display only single record
 In built paging
 We display fields in rows
 In this there is no AutoGenrate Row or columns
 No Limitation, No Default Template
 Command name
o Edit
o Update
o Cancel
o Delete

- 91 -
 o New
o Insert
 We use from view for single record operation .
 No Field and columns Available
 Fully customize view
 It is just like form
 Place FormVeiw, Add Web Config File
 DetailVeiw  Tasks  Edit Templates ItemTemplate
o Write Empno, place LabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
o Write Ename, place LabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“ename”)
o Write Eaddress, place LableEditDataBindincodeEval(“ename”)
o Write Esal, place LabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
o Place LinkButtons
Edit (CommandName  edit)
New (CommandName  new)
Delete(CommandName  delete)
 EditItemTemplate
o Write Empno, place LabelEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
o Write Ename, place TextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“ename”)
o Write Eaddress, place TextboxEditDataBindincodeEval(“ename”)
o Write Esal, place TextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
o Place LinkButtons
Update (CommandName  update)
Cancel (CommandName Cancel)
 InsertItemTemplate
o Write Empno, place TextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“empno”)
o Write Ename, place TextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“ename”)
o Write Eaddress, place TextboxEditDataBindincodeEval(“ename”)
o Write Esal, place TextboxEditDataBinding codeEval(“esal”)
o Place LinkButtons
Save (CommandName Insert)
Cancel (CommandName  Cancel)
 EmptyDataTemplate //To show table if no data available
o Write No Data Available
o Add LinkButtons
Add Data to Table (CommandName new)

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{

- 92 -
 FrmBind();
}
}
private void FrmBind()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tbemp",
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString);

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

adp.Fill(ds);
FormVeiw1.DataSource = ds;
FormView1.DataBind();
}
protected void FormView1_ModeChanging(sender, e)
{
if (e.NewMode == FormViewMode.Edit)
{
FormView1.ChangeMode(FormViewMode.Edit);
// for EditItemTemplate
}
else if (e.NewMode == FormViewMode.Insert)
{
FormView1.ChangeMode(FormViewMode.Insert);
// for InsertItemTemplate
}
else
{
FormView1.ChangeMode(FormViewMode.ReadOnly);
// for ItemTemplate
}
FormBind();
}

protected void FormView1_ItemDeleting(sender, e)

{
Int32 eno;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(FormView1.
FindControl("label1"))).Text);

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;

con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "delete from tbemp where empno=@eno";
cmd.Connection = con;

- 93 -
 cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

FormBind();
}
protected void FormView1_ItemInserting(Sender, e)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, ed;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(FormView1.
FindControl("textbox4"))).Text);

en= ((TextBox)(FormView1.FindControl("textbox5"))).Text;

ed= ((TextBox)(FormView1.FindControl("textbox6"))).Text;

es = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(FormView1.
FindControl("textbox7"))).Text);
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "insert into tbemp
values(@eno,@en,@ed,@es)";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@en",SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value=en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value= ed;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();

FormView1.ChangeMode(FormViewMode.ReadOnly);
FormBind();
}
protected void FormView1_ItemUpdating(sender, e)
{
Int32 eno, es;
String en, ed;
eno = Convert.ToInt32(((Label)(FormView1.
FindControl("label2"))).Text);

- 94 -
 en=((TextBox)(FormView1.FindControl("textbox1"))).Text;
ed=((TextBox)(FormView1.FindControl("textbox2"))).Text;
es = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)(FormView1.
FindControl("textbox3"))).Text);

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "update tbemp set ename=@en,
eaddress=@ed,esal=@es where empno=@eno";

cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno",SqlDbType.Int).Value = eno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es",SqlDbType.Int).Value = es;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=en;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed",SqlDbType.VarChar,50).Value=ed;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
FormView1.ChangeMode(FormViewMode.ReadOnly);
FormBind();
}

protected void FormView1_PageIndexChanging(sender, e)

{
FormView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
FormBind();
}
}

CLASSES

 Collection of similar type of data

 Objects can use each n every members
 Types:
Non compiled classes
o Compile with project
o Scope within the project
 Website Add new items  class

Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient

- 95 -
Imports System.Configuration

Namespace nsEmp
Public Class clscomfuntion
Public Shared Sub Fill_Data(ByVal qry As String,
ByVal obj As ListControl,
ByVal datatext As String,
ByVal datavalue As String)
Dim adp As New SqlDataAdapter(qry,
"DataBase=dbemp;uid=sa")
Dim ds As New DataSet
adp.Fill(ds)
obj.DataTextField = datatext
obj.DataValueField = datavalue
obj.DataSource = ds
obj.DataBind()
End Sub
End Class

Public Class clsEmp

Public eno As Int32
Public en As String
Public eadd As String
Public es As Int32
‘ we don’t use public variable we use public properties coz they can be readonly,
‘ writeonly, validation & checks, for security

Public Sub New() ‘ Constructor

eno = 11
en = "Sachin"
eadd = "Ambala"
es = 23000
End Sub

Public Function disp() As String

Return "Empno: " & eno & "EName: " & en & "
Address: " & eadd & "Esal: " & es
End Function
End Class

Public Class clsEmp1

Private eno As Int32
Private en As String
Private eadd As String
Private es As String
Public Sub New()
eno = 11

- 96 -
 en = "Gupta"
eadd = "Cantt"
es = "20000"
End Sub

Public Property p_empno() As Int32

Get
Return eno
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Int32)
eno = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_ename() As String

Get
Return en
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
en = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_eadd() As String

Get
Return eadd
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
eadd = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_esal() As Int32

Get
Return es
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Int32)
es = value
End Set
End Property
Public Function disp() As String
Return "Empno: " & p_empno & "EName: " &
p_ename & " Address: " & p_eadd & "Esal: "
& p_esal
End Function

- 97 -
 End Class

Public Class clsEmp2

Shared ctr As Int32 ‘ Shared = Static
Public Sub New()
ctr += 1
End Sub
Public ReadOnly Property p_ctr() As Int32
Get
Return ctr
End Get
End Property
End Class
End Namespace

 Place textbox
 Place three buttons
 Place DropDownList

Partial Class _Default

Inherits System.Web.UI.Page

Button1_Click() Handles Button1.Click

Dim obj As New nsEmp.clsEmp
obj.eno = 66
obj.en = " sachin gupta"
obj.eadd = "Ramnagar"
obj.es = 23007
TextBox1.Text = obj.disp()
End Sub

Button2_Click() Handles Button2.Click

Dim obj As New nsEmp.clsEmp1
obj.p_empno = 66
obj.p_ename = " sachin gupta"
obj.p_eadd = "16-17 Ramnagar"
obj.p_esal = 23007
TextBox1.Text = obj.disp()
End Sub

Button3_Click() Handles Button3.Click

Dim obj As New nsEmp.clsEmp2
TextBox1.Text = obj.p_ctr
'obj.p_ctr = 111 error

- 98 -
 End Sub

Page_Load() Handles Me.Load

nsEmp.clscomfuntion.Fill_Data("Select * from
bemp", DropDownList1, "ename", "empno")
End Sub
End Class

OVERLOADING AND OVERRIDING

Namespace nsemp
Public MustInherit Class clsemp
'MustInherit is same as abstact
Protected esal As Int32
Public Sub New()
esal = 20000
End Sub

'overriding always use with inheritance

'same signature of override method

- 99 -
 'there is single copy of method

Public Overridable Function CalAlw() As Int32

Return esal * 10 / 100
End Function
Public MustOverride Property p_sal() As Int32
'MustOverRide only declare in abstact class and the class which inherit this must
‘ override this method
Public Function Shadow(ByVal pf As Int32) As Int32
Return esal * pf / 100
End Function
End Class

Public Class clsgenemp

Inherits clsemp

Public Overrides Property p_sal() As Integer

Get
Return MyBase.esal
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
MyBase.esal = value
End Set
End Property
End Class

Public Class clsvipemp

Inherits clsemp

Public Overrides Function CalAlw() As Integer

Return MyBase.esal * 20 / 100
End Function
' myBase refer to base class and in c# we use Base keyword

Public Overrides Property p_sal() As Integer

Get
Return MyBase.esal
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
MyBase.esal = value
End Set
End Property
Public Shadows Function shadow(ByVal pf As Int32,
ByVal tax As Int32) As Int32
Return MyBase.esal * pf / 100 + MyBase.esal *

- 100 -
 tax / 100
End Function

Public Shadows Function shadow(ByVal pf As Int32,

ByVal tax As Int32, ByVal loan As Int32) As Int32

Return MyBase.esal * pf / 100 + MyBase.esal *

tax / 100 + MyBase.esal * loan / 100
End Function
End Class

Public Class clscust

Inherits clsemp
Public Shadows shadow As Int32
Public Overrides Property p_sal() As Integer
Get

End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)

End Set
End Property
End Class

Public Class ConstructorOverloading

Public Sub New()
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal a As String)
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal a As String, ByVal b As Int32)
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal a As Int32)
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
DATABASE HANDLING WITH CLASS (VB.Net)

 Add Webconfig file

 Add a class file
 Place 4 textboxs
 Place 4 button and a listbox  AutoPostBack true

Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Configuration

- 101 -
Namespace nsemp
Public Interface intcom
Sub Save_Rec()
Sub Update_Rec()
Sub Delete_Rec()
Function Find_rec() As DataSet
End Interface
Public Interface intemp
Property p_empno() As Int32
Property p_ename() As String
Property p_eadd() As String
Property p_esal() As String
End Interface
Public MustInherit Class clscon
Protected con As New SqlConnection
Public Sub New()
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings("cs").ConnectionString
End Sub
End Class

Public Class clsemp

Inherits clscon
Implements intcom, intemp
'phele class inherit then implement interface

Private eno As Int32

Private en As String
Private ed As String
Private es As Int32

Public Sub Delete_Rec()

If con.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
con.Open()
End If
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("delemp", con)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno",SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()

- 102 -
 End Sub

Public Function Find_rec() As System.Data.DataSet

‘it will open connection and after use close it
Dim adp As New SqlDataAdapter("findemp", con)
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add("@eno",
SqlDbType.Int).Value = p_empno

adp.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.
StoredProcedure
Dim ds As New DataSet()
adp.Fill(ds)
Return ds
End Function

Public Sub Save_Rec() Implements intcom.Save_Rec

If con.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
con.Open()
End If
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("insemp", con)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).
Value = p_ename
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).
Value = p_eadd
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_esal
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
End Sub

Public Sub Update_Rec()

If con.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
con.Open()
End If
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("updemp", con)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).
Value = p_ename
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).

- 103 -
 Value = p_eadd
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_esal
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
cmd.Dispose()
con.Close()
End Sub

Public Property p_eadd() As String

Get
Return ed
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ed = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_empno() As Integer

Get
Return eno
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
eno = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_ename() As String

Get
Return en
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
en = value
End Set
End Property

Public Property p_esal() As String

Get
Return es
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
es = value
End Set
End Property
End Class

- 104 -
 Public Class comfunction
Public Shared Sub Fill_Data(ByVal qry As String, ByVal obj As
ListControl, ByVal datatext As String, ByVal
datavalue As String)
Dim adp As New SqlDataAdapter(qry,
"DataBase=dbemployee;uid=sa")
Dim ds As New DataSet
adp.Fill(ds)
obj.DataTextField = datatext
obj.DataValueField = datavalue
obj.DataSource = ds
obj.DataBind()
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace

In Default.aspx.cs

Imports System.Data

Partial Class _Default

Inherits System.Web.UI.Page
Dim obj As New nsemp.clsemp
Protected Sub Page_Load() Handles Me.Load
End Sub

Protected Sub Button1_Click()

obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text)
obj.p_ename = TextBox2.Text
obj.p_eadd = TextBox3.Text
obj.p_esal = TextBox4.Text
obj.Save_Rec()
TextBox1.Text = ""
TextBox2.Text = ""
TextBox3.Text = ""
TextBox4.Text = ""
End Sub

Protected Sub Button2_Click() Handles Button2.Click

obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text)
obj.Delete_Rec()
TextBox1.Text = ""
TextBox2.Text = ""
TextBox3.Text = ""
TextBox4.Text = ""
End Sub

Protected Sub Button3_Click() Handles Button3.Click

- 105 -
 obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text)
obj.p_ename = TextBox2.Text
obj.p_eadd = TextBox3.Text
obj.p_esal = TextBox4.Text
obj.Update_Rec()
TextBox1.Text = ""
TextBox2.Text = ""
TextBox3.Text = ""
TextBox4.Text = ""
End Sub

Protected Sub Button4_Click() Handles Button4.Click

nsemp.comfunction.Fill_Data("select * from tbemp",
ListBox1, "ename", "empno")
End Sub

Protected Sub ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged()

obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(ListBox1.SelectedIndex)
Dim ds As New DataSet()
ds = obj.Find_rec()
Dim r As DataRowView
r = ds.Tables(0).DefaultView(0)
TextBox1.Text = r(0).ToString()
TextBox2.Text = r(1).ToString()
TextBox3.Text = r(2).ToString()
TextBox4.Text = r(4).ToString()
End Sub
End Class

DATABASE HANDLING WITH CLASS (C#.Net)

 Add Webconfig file and a class file

 Place 4 textboxs , 4 button and a listbox  AutoPostBack true

using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace nsemp
{
public interface intcom
{

- 106 -
 void Save_Rec();
void Update_Rec();
void Delete_Rec();
DataSet Find_rec();
}
public interface intemp
{
Int32 p_empno
{
get;
set;
}
Int32 p_sal
{
get;
set;
}
String p_ename
{
get;
set;
}
String p_eadd
{
get;
set;
}
}
public abstract class clscon
{
protected SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
public clscon()
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
}
}
public class clsemp : clscon, intcom, intemp
{
//we define interface after comma and to impliment them right click on it n click
implement interface

private Int32 eno, es;

private String en, ed;

#region intemp Members

- 107 -
 public int p_empno
{
get
{
return eno;
}
set
{
eno = value;
}
}

public int p_sal

{
get
{
return es;
}
set
{
es = value;
}
}

public string p_ename

{
get
{
return en;
}
set
{
en = value;
}
}

public string p_eadd

{
get
{
return ed;
}
set
{
ed = value;
}

- 108 -
 }

#endregion

#region intcom Members

public void Save_Rec()

{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_sal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}

public void Update_Rec()

{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("updemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_sal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}

- 109 -
 public void Delete_Rec()
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("delemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p_empno;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}

public DataSet Find_rec()

{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new
SqlDataAdapter("findemp", con);
adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add("@eno",
SqlDbType.Int).Value = p_empno;
adp.SelectCommand.CommandType =
CommandType.StoredProcedure;
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
return ds;
}
#endregion
}
public class clscomfunction
{
public static void fill_data(String qry,ListControl
obj,String datatext, String datavalue)
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(qry,
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"]
.ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
obj.DataTextField = datatext;
obj.DataValueField = datavalue;
obj.DataSource = ds;
obj.DataBind();
}
}
}

- 110 -
In Default.aspx.cs

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
nsemp.clsemp obj = new nsemp.clsemp();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Button1_Click()
{
obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
obj.p_ename = TextBox2.Text;
obj.p_eadd = TextBox3.Text;
obj.p_sal = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox4.Text);
obj.Save_Rec();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
}
protected void Button2_Click(sender, e)
{
obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
obj.Delete_Rec();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
}
protected void Button3_Click(sender, e)
{
obj.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
obj.p_ename = TextBox2.Text;
obj.p_eadd = TextBox3.Text;
obj.p_sal = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox4.Text);
obj.Update_Rec();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
}
protected void Button4_Click(object ,EventArgs e)
{
nsemp.clscomfunction.fill_data("select * from
tbemp", ListBox1, "ename", "empno");
}
protected void ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged()

- 111 -
 {
obj.p_empno =
Convert.ToInt32(ListBox1.SelectedIndex);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds=obj.Find_rec();
DataRowView r;
r=ds.Tables[0].DefaultView[0];
TextBox1.Text = r[0].ToString();
TextBox2.Text = r[1].ToString();
TextBox3.Text = r[2].ToString();
TextBox4.Text = r[3].ToString();
}

DATABASE HANDLING USING CUSTOM COLLECTION

 Add Webconfig file and a class file

using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Collections.Generic; // To create custom collection (array
of objects)
namespace nsemp
{
public interface intemp

- 112 -
 {
Int32 p_empno
{
get;
set;
}
Int32 p_esal
{
get;
set;
}
String p_ename
{
get;
set;
}
String p_eadd
{
get;
set;
}

}
public class clsempprp:intemp
//right click to implement interface
{
private Int32 eno, es;
private String en, ed;

#region intemp Members

public int p_empno
{
get
{
return eno;
}
set
{
eno = value;
}
}

public int p_esal

{
get
{
return es;

- 113 -
 }
set
{
es = value;
}
}

public string p_ename

{
get
{
return en;
}
set
{
en = value;
}
}

public string p_eadd

{
get
{
return ed;
}
set
{
ed = value;
}
}

#endregion
}

public abstract class clscon

{
protected SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
public clscon()
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
}
}
public class clsemp : clscon
{

- 114 -
 public void save_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_esal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public void update_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("updemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_esal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public void delete_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("delemp", con);

- 115 -
 cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public List<clsempprp> Dis_rec()
{
// List is a class which is used to create custom collection
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("dispemp",con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
List<clsempprp> obj = new List<clsempprp>();
while (dr.Read())
{
clsempprp k = new clsempprp();
k.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]);
k.p_ename = dr[1].ToString();
k.p_eadd = dr[2].ToString();
k.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(dr[3]);
obj.Add(k);
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
return obj;
}
public List<clsempprp> find_rec(Int32 eno)
{
if (con.State ==ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("findemp",con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno",SqlDbType.Int).Value
=eno;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
List<clsempprp> obj = new List<clsempprp>();

- 116 -
 if(dr.HasRows)
{
dr.Read();
clsempprp k = new clsempprp();
k.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]);
k.p_ename = dr[1].ToString();
k.p_eadd = dr[2].ToString();
k.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(dr[3]);
obj.Add(k);
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
return obj;
}
}
}

 Place formview
DataKeyNames  p_empno
Choose Data source  object data source1
Enable Paging  true
 Place object data source1
 Used with 3 tier architecture
 Stateless ( after doing it’s work distry the connection)
 Bind with class
 Click on configure data source of object data source1
 Select clsemp
 Select  choose method  Disp_Rec
 Update  choose method  update_Rec
 Insert  choose method  save_Rec
 Delete  choose method  Delete_Rec
 Place List box
 Choose Data source  object data source2
 DataField ename
 DataValueempno
 Place object data source1 configure data source of object data source1
 Select clsemp
 Select  choose method  Disp_Rec
 Place another formview
DataKeyNames  p_empno
Choose Data source  object data source
Enable Paging  true
 Place object data sourceconfigure data source of object data source
 Select clsemp

- 117 -
  Select  choose method  Find_Rec
 Update  choose method  update_Rec
 Insert  choose method  save_Rec
 Delete  choose method  Delete_Rec
 Click on next
 Pass eno from control  listbox1

DLL (Dynamic link library)

 Complied classes
 Reusable
 Scope in multiple projects
 In process ( required where the application is running) whereas exe is out process
 Part of COM (component object model)
 It is a software architecture which is used to design a software component
 Small in size as compare to exe

- 118 -
  Faster as compare to exe
 DLL of .net self described. (no need to register the DLL. Just copy & run it, CLR
know in which order it will run & how it work)
 Also called as Assemblies
 To create it
 File  New  Project  class Library

using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Collections.Generic; // To create custom collection (array
of objects)
namespace nsemp
{
public interface intemp
{
Int32 p_empno
{
get;
set;
}
Int32 p_esal
{
get;
set;
}
String p_ename
{
get;
set;
}
String p_eadd
{
get;
set;
}

}
public class clsempprp:intemp
//right click to implement interface
{
private Int32 eno, es;
private String en, ed;

#region intemp Members

public int p_empno
{
get

- 119 -
 {
return eno;
}
set
{
eno = value;
}
}

public int p_esal

{
get
{
return es;
}
set
{
es = value;
}
}
public string p_ename
{
get
{
return en;
}
set
{
en = value;
}
}
public string p_eadd
{
get
{
return ed;
}
set
{
ed = value;
}
}

#endregion
}

- 120 -
 public abstract class clscon
{
protected SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
public clscon()
{
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
}
}
public class clsemp : clscon
{
public void save_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_esal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public void update_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("updemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@en", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_ename;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ed", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = p.p_eadd;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@es", SqlDbType.Int).Value

- 121 -
 = p.p_esal;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public void delete_rec(clsempprp p)
{
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("delemp", con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= p.p_empno;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}
public List<clsempprp> Dis_rec()
{
// List is a class which is used to create custom collection
if (con.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("dispemp",con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
List<clsempprp> obj = new List<clsempprp>();
while (dr.Read())
{
clsempprp k = new clsempprp();
k.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]);
k.p_ename = dr[1].ToString();
k.p_eadd = dr[2].ToString();
k.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(dr[3]);
obj.Add(k);
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
return obj;
}
public List<clsempprp> find_rec(Int32 eno)
{

- 122 -
 if (con.State ==ConnectionState.Closed)
{
con.Open();
}
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("findemp",con);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@eno",SqlDbType.Int).Value
=eno;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
List<clsempprp> obj = new List<clsempprp>();
if(dr.HasRows)
{
dr.Read();
clsempprp k = new clsempprp();
k.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]);
k.p_ename = dr[1].ToString();
k.p_eadd = dr[2].ToString();
k.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(dr[3]);
obj.Add(k);
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
return obj;
}
}
}

 Built  built class library

 If DLL is in C# or Vb & front in opposite language then that is called COM
interportability
 Path classlibrary1/classlibrary1/Bin/Debug
 To add a DLL file website add reference  browse

DATABASE HANDLING USING DLL FILE

 Place 4 textbox, 4 buttons , one listbox

 Add DLL file
 Place Object data source  configure  clsemp  select  disp_rec()
 Bind it with listbox, enable post back  true

- 123 -
using System.Collections.Generic;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
nsemp.clsempprp objprp = new nsemp.clsempprp();
nsemp.clsemp obj = new nsemp.clsemp();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
objprp.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
objprp.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox4.Text);
objprp.p_ename = TextBox2.Text;
objprp.p_eadd = TextBox1.Text;
obj.save_rec(objprp);
ListBox1.DataBind();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
TextBox1.Focus();
}
protected void Button2_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
objprp.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
obj.delete_rec(objprp);
ListBox1.DataBind();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
TextBox1.Focus();

}
protected void Button3_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
objprp.p_empno = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
objprp.p_esal = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox4.Text);
objprp.p_ename = TextBox2.Text;
objprp.p_eadd = TextBox1.Text;
obj.update_rec(objprp);
ListBox1.DataBind();
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";

- 124 -
 TextBox1.Focus();
}
protected void Button4_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
TextBox1.Text = "";
TextBox2.Text = "";
TextBox3.Text = "";
TextBox4.Text = "";
TextBox1.Focus();
}
protected void ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object, e)
{
List<nsemp.clsempprp> k;
k = obj.find_rec(Convert.ToInt32(ListBox1.SelectedIndex));
TextBox1.Text = k[0].p_empno.ToString();
TextBox2.Text = k[0].p_ename;
TextBox3.Text = k[0].p_eadd;
TextBox4.Text = k[0].p_esal.ToString();
}
}

MASTER PAGES

 For common layout on all the pages.

 In 1.1 there was no master pages concept we use web user control but in this at
every page code copy hota hai.
 In 2.0 there is two pages Master Page(design), content page(HTML) and they
combine at run time to make one page.
 To insert master page website Add new item  Master page

- 125 -
  Extension of master page is *.master
 Ek page par ek se jada master page ho sakte hai
 Layout  Insert table  Template  header,footer&Side
 Add picture in project and drag it on header
 Jahan design fix nahi karma  Add Content Place Holder
 Master Page Run Nahi hota we should add Content page
 Add Adrotator tool to rotate the images when we click refresh
 To bind images in Adrotater add XML file or table in database
 Adrotator  properties
AdvertisementFile  XML File
KeywordFilter  Top / bottom

XML file

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<Advertisements
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/AspNet/AdRotator
-Schedule-File">
<Ad xmlns="">
<ImageUrl xmlns="">a1.gif</ImageUrl>
<NavigateUrl xmlns="">default2.aspx</NavigateUrl>
<AlternateText xmlns="">First Add</AlternateText>
<Keyword xmlns="">Top</Keyword>
<Impressions xmlns="">1</Impressions>
// impressions is used to tell the ration of add to display
</Ad>
<Ad xmlns="">
<ImageUrl xmlns="">a2.gif</ImageUrl>
<NavigateUrl xmlns="">default3.aspx</NavigateUrl>
<AlternateText xmlns="">Second Add</AlternateText>
<Keyword xmlns="">Top</Keyword>
<Impressions xmlns="">2</Impressions>
</Ad>
<Ad xmlns="">
<ImageUrl xmlns="">a3.gif</ImageUrl>
<NavigateUrl xmlns="">default4.aspx</NavigateUrl>
<AlternateText xmlns="">Third Add</AlternateText>
<Keyword xmlns="">bottom</Keyword>
// Keyword is used to tell this add will display in which Adrotator if there is more than
one adrotator
<Impressions xmlns="">1</Impressions>
</Ad>
<Ad xmlns="">
<ImageUrl xmlns="">a4.gif</ImageUrl>
<NavigateUrl xmlns="">default5.aspx</NavigateUrl>
<AlternateText xmlns="">Fourth Add</AlternateText>

- 126 -
 <Keyword xmlns="">bottom</Keyword>
<Impressions xmlns="">2</Impressions>
</Ad>
</Advertisements>

 Add Label on master page

 To excess this label in Content page

public partial class Default2 : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Label lb = (Label)(Master.FindControl("label1"));
lb.Text = "Page2";
}
}
 To excess properties made master page, in Content page
 First Made content page strong type by adding following line in source

<%@ MasterType VirtualPath ="~/MasterPage.master"%>

Master Page

using System.Drawing;
public partial class MasterPage : System.Web.UI.MasterPage
{
public Color p_fcolor
{
get
{
return Label1.ForeColor;
}
set
{
Label1.ForeColor = value;
}
}
}
Content Page

using System.Drawing;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Master.p_fcolor = Color.Red;
}

- 127 -
  To Make a menu add menu toolbar from navigator and bind it with
SiteMapDataSource
 Menu is a databound control we must use SiteMapDataSource to bind all type of
navigatot tools
 SiteMapDataSource takes data from SiteMap file which is a XML file. No need to
bind it if there is only one SiteMap file

SiteMap File

 Add it from WebsiteAdd new items  SiteMap

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<siteMap
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/AspNet/SiteMap-
File-1.0" >
<siteMapNode url="" title="Menu" description="Menu">
<siteMapNode url="default2.aspx" title="Page1"
description="Page1" />
<siteMapNode url="default3.aspx" title="Page2"
description="Page2" />
<siteMapNode url="" title="Sub Menu"
description="Sub menu">
<siteMapNode url="default4.aspx"
title="page3"></siteMapNode>
<siteMapNode url="default5.aspx"
title="Page4"></siteMapNode>
</siteMapNode>
</siteMapNode>
</siteMap>

 SiteMapPath  properties
Path separator  >>>
Path Direction  RootToCurrent/CurrentToRoot
PathLevelDisplayed  -1 (to display full path)
RanderCurrentNoDeAsLink  True
 Menu Properties
StaticDisplayLevels  2
MaximumDynamicDisplayLevel  3
 If there are more than one SiteMapFile then in web.config write

<system.web>
<siteMap enabled="true" defaultProvider="xy">
<providers>
<add name="xy" type="System.Web.XmlSiteMapProvider"
siteMapFile="Web.sitemap"/>
<add name="xz" type="System.Web.XmlSiteMapProvider"

- 128 -
 siteMapFile="Web2.sitemap"/>
</providers>

</siteMap>
 To bind navigator tool with second SiteMap, in SiteM apDataSource  properties
Site MapProvider  xz

TO UPLOAD FILE ON SERVER

 From toolbox  FileUpload

 Place a button (upload)

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
String st = FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName;

- 129 -
 // file path at client machine

Int32 i = st.LastIndexOf("\\");

// "\" used with excape sequences that's y we use "\\"

st = st.Substring(i + 1);

// st = file name only

//create a upload folder on server to store uploades files

String fp = Server.MapPath("uploads");

// uploads path

fp = fp + "\\" + st;

FileUpload1.PostedFile.SaveAs(fp);

TO STORE IMAGE IN DATABASE IN BINARY FORM

 Create a table tbimage

imageId  int
imgName  image
ext  varchar(50)
 Add Web config file

- 130 -
  Place textbox for id
 Place Fileupload tool and a button

using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.IO;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Button1_Click(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
Int32 ln;
ln = FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength;
Byte[] ar = new byte[ln];
FileStream fs = new
FileStream(FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName,
FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);

// FileStream is used to read/write data in binary format

fs.Read(ar, 0, ln - 1);
fs.Close();
String fn;
fn = FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName;
String ext;
ext = fn.Substring(fn.LastIndexOf("."));

// lastIndexOf starts Searching from right hand side

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();

con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "insert into tbimage values(@id,
@name, @ext)";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id", SqlDbType.Int).Value =
Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);

cmd.Parameters.Add("@name", SqlDbType.Image).Value
= ar;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ext", SqlDbType.VarChar,
50).Value = ext;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();

- 131 -
 }
To retrieve it

 Place textbox for id

 Place Image tool and a button

protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.
ConnectionStrings["cs"].ConnectionString;
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "select * from tbimage where
imageId=@id";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id", SqlDbType.Int).Value =
Convert.ToInt32(TextBox2.Text);
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
if (dr.HasRows)
{
dr.Read();
Byte[] ar = (Byte[])(dr[1]);

// in dr[0]  id, dr[1]  image in binary, dr[2]  extension

String fn;
String a;
a = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

//Guid  Global unique identifier;

fn = Server.MapPath(a + dr[2].ToString());
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fn,
FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
fs.Write(ar, 0, ar.Length - 1);
fs.Close();
Image1.ImageUrl = fn;
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
con.Close();
}

- 132 -
To remove files
protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DirectoryInfo dir = new
DirectoryInfo(Server.MapPath("."));

//"." --> Current folder otherwise folder name

FileInfo fi = dir.GetFiles("*.gif”);
foreach(FileInfo f in fi)
{
fi.Delete(f.FullName);
}

TEMPORARY TABLES

 No insert, update, select, delete query

 They are on client side only.
 If conform, we can add them in Database.
 It is just like 2D array. But formatted like tables in db

- 133 -
  We can make primary key, foreign key, expression columns

 Place a GridView

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
DataTable item = new DataTable("tbitem");

//Datatable used to create temporary table

DataColumn c = new DataColumn("icode",
Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
c.AutoIncrement = true;
c.AutoIncrementSeed = 101;
c.AutoIncrementStep = 1;
item.Columns.Add(c);
c = new DataColumn("iname",
Type.GetType("System.String"));
c.AllowDBNull = false;
item.Columns.Add(c);
c = new DataColumn("irate",
Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
item.Columns.Add(c);
c = new DataColumn("iqty",
Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
item.Columns.Add(c);
c = new DataColumn("iamt",
Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
c.Expression = "iqty * irate";
item.Columns.Add(c);

DataColumn[] pk = new DataColumn[1];

pk[0] = item.Columns[0];
item.PrimaryKey = pk;

//to add data in table

DataRow r;
r = item.NewRow();
r[1] = "Pen";
r[2] = 10;
r[3] = 4;
item.Rows.Add(r);

r = item.NewRow();
r[1] = "Scale";
r[2] = 5;
r[3] = 7;

- 134 -
 item.Rows.Add(r);

r = item.NewRow();
r[1] = "computer";
r[2] = 25000;
r[3] = 2;
item.Rows.Add(r);

r = item.NewRow();
r[1] = "Laptop";
r[2] = 70000;
r[3] = 1;
item.Rows.Add(r);

GridView1.DataSource = item;
GridView1.DataBind();
TextBox1.Text = item.Compute("Sum(iamt)",
null).ToString();
// null is for filter or we can write condition like "iamt>500"
}

Relation of Tables
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataTable dep = new DataTable("tbdep");
dep.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("dno",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
dep.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("dname",
Type.GetType("System.String")));

DataRow r;
r = dep.NewRow();
r[0] = 1;
r[1] = "Information Technology";
dep.Rows.Add(r);

r = dep.NewRow();
r[0] = 2;
r[1] = "Civil";
dep.Rows.Add(r);

r = dep.NewRow();
r[0] = 3;

- 135 -
 r[1] = "Electronics";
dep.Rows.Add(r);

r = dep.NewRow();
r[0] = 4;
r[1] = "Electrical";
dep.Rows.Add(r);

DataTable emp = new DataTable("tbemp");

emp.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("empno",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
emp.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ename",
Type.GetType("System.String")));
emp.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("eadd",
Type.GetType("System.String")));
emp.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("esal",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
emp.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("edno",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
//Foreign key

DataColumn c1 = emp.Columns[4];//Child
DataColumn c2 = dep.Columns[0];//Parent

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

ds.Tables.Add(emp);
ds.Tables.Add(dep);
DataRelation rel = new DataRelation("myrelation",
c2, c1);

ds.Tables[0].ParentRelations.Add(rel);

//Always child make a relation with parent not vice versa

r = emp.NewRow();
r[0] = 1;
r[1] = "Amit";
r[2] = "Ambala";
r[3] = 20000;
r[4] = 1;
emp.Rows.Add(r);
r = emp.NewRow();
r[0] = 1;
r[1] = "Amit";
r[2] = "Ambala";
r[3] = 20000;
r[4] = 2;
emp.Rows.Add(r);

- 136 -
 // Enter edno dno which is available in dep table only otherwise error

ASSEMBLIES

 DLL is known as Assembly in .Net Coz DLL is Specific to CLR.

 Assemblies are logic units, Data Structure
 It is just an information required at run time to execute an application
 Manifest contain information about Assemblies

- 137 -
  Manifest is a group of Metadata tables
 Metadata tables are of two types
 Custom Assembly (which we create)
 Predefine
 Types of Assemblies
 Private Assemblies
 Share Assemblies
 Satellite Assemblies
 DLL are Private assemblies (copy in Bin Folder)
 Share Assembly
 Single copy share by multiple user
 Use less space on server
 W can create multiple versions with the help of Strong Name
 Strong Name
 Uniqueness define karta hai
 Multiple versions store karta hai
 It uses hashing technique known as Public Key Cryptography
 Multiple versions are maintain by Global Assembly Cache (GAC)
 GAC is available at C:\windows\Assembly\...
 Satellite Assemblies is used to create site in multiple languages(Hindi, English)
 If DLL Project me add ho jaye toh woh Private hai otherwise Shared hai.

To create Share file

 Start  All Programs  Ms Visual Studio 2005  Visual Studio tools  Visual
Studio Command Prompt
 Cd\
 Cd ClassLibrary1
 Cd ClassLibrary1
 Cd obj
 Cd Debug
 Sn –k abc.snk
To write in output file
Strong Name command
 In ClassLibrary class1.cs  solution explorer  properties  AssemblyInfo.cs
 In last write
[Assembly: AssemblyKeyFile(“abc.snk”)] and compile it

 In Command prompt write

> GacUtil -I ClassLibrary1
Copy to GAC
GAC utility (to add version in GAC)

 Now Add DLL in project

- 138 -
 Website  Add reference  browse  classLibrary1  obj debug DLL file
 If u want to change in DLL file just make it in same file then compile it and
again give a strong name and change the name in AssemblyInfo file n then
add to GAC.
 User using older version will get only old methods but new user get all
methods

To create Satellite Assembly

 To check the language of browser

Internet Explorer  tools  Internet options  languages
Codes
English ------ en-us
French ------- fr-be
German ------ de-at
 In new website add new text file
Website  add new items  text file
 File name  abc.en-us.txt
//Where abc is base name, en is culture, us is region
 Add one more text file
File name  abc.fr-be.txt
 Add one more text file
File name  abc.de-at.txt
 In TextFile abc.en-us.txt
A = Welcome
B = English
C = Language
D = US
 In TextFile abc.fr-be.txt
A = hbjgj
B = French
C = gchghgcv
D = hvjvjhy
 In TextFile abc.de-at.txt
A = hbbkjbckd
B = German
C = gycdakcb
D = chdihcdn

 To convert text file into resource file goto command prompt of .Net
C:\website\resgen abc.en-us.txt abc.en-us.resources
C:\website\resgen abc.fr-be.txt abc.fr-be.resources
C:\website\resgen abc.de-at.txt abc.de-at.resources
 In a resource file

- 139 -
 o we can store
 Bit map
 Icons
 Common messages
o They are compiled
o Compressed data
 In page place DropDownList
o Edit Items
 Text  English
Value  en-us
 Text  French
Value fr-be
 Text  German
Value  de-at
 Add Global Application class
o Global.asax
o Ek project me ek hi ho sati hai
o To manage application ans session events

<%@ Import Namespace="System.Resources" %>

<%@ Import Namespace="System.Threading" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Globalization" %>

<script runat="server">

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
// Code that runs on application startup
// yeh cod ek hi baar fire hota hai
Application["ab"] = ResourceManager.
CreateFileBasedResourceManager
("abc", Server.MapPath("."), null);
// application varible(Global, used by all files)
// yeh wohi resources file uthaiga jiska base name "abc" hoga

// select BeginRequest event of Application

protected void Application_BeginRequest(object, EventArgs)
{
// jitni baar page server par jata hai yeh event fire hota hai

- 140 -
 try
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo
(Request.UserLanguages[0].ToString());
}
catch
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new
CultureInfo("en-us");
}
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture =
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
}

Coding

using System.Resources;
using System.Threading;
// we use threads coz we dont want to change the language of browser but the language
of current instance of browser
using System.Globalization;
// in this there is culture specfic classes

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
ResourceManager rm;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
rm = (ResourceManager)(Application["ab"]);
if (Page.IsPostBack == false)
{
Label1.Text = rm.GetString("A");
Label2.Text = rm.GetString("B");
Label3.Text = rm.GetString("C");
Label4.Text = rm.GetString("D");
}
}
private void SetCul(String d)
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new
CultureInfo(d);
// change language of current thread
Label1.Text = rm.GetString("A");
Label2.Text = rm.GetString("B");
Label3.Text = rm.GetString("C");
Label4.Text = rm.GetString("D");
}

- 141 -
 protected void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged()
{
SetCul(DropDownList1.SelectedValue);
}
}

State Management

 Common in all web development language like PHP, .net, java.

- 142 -
 Web Form are stateless in nature which means when request goes to server pages
loose their information like registration form loose data when we come back.
 State management techniques have been introduced to store page information in
server around trip.
 Technology divided into two parts
o Server side state management technique
 It uses resources of server to store information
 Secure as the information is on server.
 Slow.
o Client side state management technique
 It uses resources of client to store information.
 It less secure as compare to server side coz it is at client side user can
manipulate or delete it.
 It is faster than server side.
 4 technology included in client side state management
o Cookies
o View state
o Query string
o Hidden fields
o Control state (in Asp.Net 2.0 only)
 4 technology included in server side state management
o Sessions
o Application
o Profile (in Asp.Net 2.0 only)
o Cache
 To check there performance we check three things according to our requirement
o Storing capacity
o Type of information
o Scope

Client Side State Management

 Cookies
o It is a small text file created on client’s machine which is used to store text as
well as number.(we can store only string value not objects)
o Two types of cookies
 Impersistence cookies (temporary)
 These are destroyed as soon as browser is closed
 Persistence
 Which expire after a specific time specified by programmer.

o Cookies store
 Impersistence cookies in browser memory

- 143 -
  Persistence cookies in cookies folder
(Document & settingusernamecookies)
o It can store 4096 bytes (4kb) of data internet explorer but dependent on
browser or on version.
o Initial size of a cookie is 50 bytes (In which expiry date/time is store)
o We can restrict cookies according to path
o Cookies are URL specific which means yahoo wali gmail per use nahi hogi.
o A web site can create maximum 20 cookies
o Cookies expiry date/time is of server not of client.
o A cookie can store information in form of key value pairs.
o It is used when we want to store more than one information in a cookie but we
should manage it properly with key value.
o Disadvantage
 Clients can disable on his/her cookies files.
 So it is not reliable which means we are not sure that it will run on
client machine or not.
 Size limitation
 User can manipulate
 Some browsers don’t support cookies.
o Scope
 Though out the website, on all the pages of website.
o Working
 On every request cookies goes to server where there expiry date/time
is checked
 entries of cookies expire then text file is also deleted
 Subkey
 No initial space
 Attach with cookie
 There is no expiry date/time, destroy with cookie only
 NamevalueCollection class is used to read subkey value
 To read subkey name we use AllKeys (array of keys)

 View State (included in .net only)

o Every webpage contain a hidden field name as “_ _viewstate” which is

provided by Microsoft.
o “_ _ViewState store information as multiple key pairs (as array)
o It stores information in hasted (it helps in data retrieving faster), compressed
form and encoded.
o Every web server control has property
 enableViewState (by default it is true) when it is true control before
posting to server store there information in _ _viewState
o viewState variable can store text, number as well as object.
o It is easy to use just set EnableViewState property either to True or False

- 144 -
 o We can specify encryption mode, page size in version 2.0
o Page size by default is -1(unlimited) we can specify bytes.
o Disadvantage
 Large volume of data ke case me performance is slow
o Scope
 Current page only.

 Query String

o It is used to transfer text as well as numeric information between continues

page requests.(string value only)
o The information is concentrated with URL.
o Disadvantage
 Information can be seen by user so not so secure
 Internet URL limit (2096 characters)
o Scope
 Upto next page.

 Hidden Field

o Advance of hidden fields is view state

o In this we can only store text not object
o Scope
 Only on current page

 Control State

o In this custom control (made by programmer) ki state management hoti hai

Server Side State Management

 Application

o When first user site kholta hai Application Start event fire hota hai
o Application Start event ek hi baar fire hota hai.
o When another user site kholta hai HTTP Application class ka instance
banta hai.
o Application End event tab fire hota hai jab last visitor site band karta hai,
yeh event bhi ek hi bar fire hota hai. Jab yeh fire hota hai iske baad
Application Start event fire hota hai.
o Application variable can be string as well as objects
o Scope -- Thought-out the application
o Application variable sabhi user ke liye same hota hai.
o Hit counter( to view visitors) is example of this state management

- 145 -
  Session

o Server generates 2 copies of unique sessionId.

o One copy on client side(in session cookie) other on server side(memory)
o In .Net we can create cookie less application then there is QueryString in
URL.
o SessionId’s length is 128 bits.
o Session expiry time by default is 20 min. we can change it.
o Session.Avendon forcefully expires the session, including when browser is
closed.
o If we open a new window then we get the same sessionId
o Types of Session State
 In process (By Default)
 To store session in same process where application is
running
 Drawbacks
o If we reset the webserver session automatically
destroys that’s y we cant used this in secure sites
 Out process
 To store session on different process
 Advantage
o If we reset the server session destroy nahi hote.
 Modes
o State server
 To store session on different server
 Note: To implement this we must start
ASP.Net State Service.
 If we reset ASP.Net State Service Session
destroy ho jate hai.
o SQL Server
 We store session in SQL database
 Two type of system define database
 Temp Db
o If we reset SQL server
service then Temp Db ka data
delete ho jata hai
 Asp State
o Ye data permanent hai.
o Out process ke case me session end event file nahi hota.

 Profile

o To set colors, themes , back ground etc different for different users.
o Two types of users
 Authenticated (inka profile ASP.Net db me store hota hai)

- 146 -
  Unauthenticated (inka cookies me store hota hai)

Cookies

 Place two textboxes and a button

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (TextBox1.Text == "abc" && TextBox2.Text == "xyz")
{
HttpCookie ck = new HttpCookie("myckk");
ck.Values.Add("uname", TextBox1.Text); // subkey
ck.Values.Add("upass", TextBox2.Text); // subkey
ck.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30);
// if u don't specify the expiry time then cookie will destroy as soon as u
close the browser
// or u can specify this like
//ck.Expires=DateTime.Now.Add(new TimeSpan(3,45,35));
// 3hr 45min 35sec
Response.Cookies.Add(ck);
Response.Redirect("default2.aspx");
}
}

 Add new page and place two textboxes, a label and a button

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
HttpCookie k = Request.Cookies["myckk"];
if (k == null)
{
Label1.Text = "cookies not created";
}
else
{
if (k.Values["uname"].ToString() == TextBox1.Text &&
k.Values["upass"].ToString() == TextBox2.Text)
{
Label1.Text = "welcome";
}
else
{
Label1.Text="check username & password";
}
}
}

- 147 -
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Response.Cookies["un"].Value = "abc";
Response.Cookies["un"].Expires =
DateTime.Now.AddHours(2);

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

HttpCookie kk = new HttpCookie("un", "abc");

k.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddHours(2);
Response.Cookies.Add(k);

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Cookies with sub keys
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Response.Cookies["ui"]["un"] = "abc";
Response.Cookies["ui"]["up"] = "xyz";
Response.Cookies["ui"].Expires =
DateTime.Now.AddHours(2);

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

HttpCookie kkk = new HttpCookie("ui");

kkk.Value["un"] = "abc";
kkk.Value["up"] = "xyz";
kkk.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddHours(2);
Response.Cookies.Add(kkk);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// To Read Value//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Response.Write(Request.Cookies["un"].Value);

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

HttpCookie d = Request.Cookies["un"];
Response.Write(d.Value);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// To read Sub Key
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

- 148 -
 Response.Write(Request.Cookies["ui"]
["un"].ToString());
Response.Write(Request.Cookies["ui"]["up"].ToString());
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

HttpCookie qq = Request.Cookies("ui");
Response.Write(qq.Value["un"].ToString);
Response.Write(qq.Value["up"].ToString);

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// To print all the Cookies and thire value
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Int32 i;
for (i = 0; i < Request.Cookies.Count; i++)
{
HttpCookie a = Request.Cookies[i];
if (a.HasKeys)
{
System.Collections.Specialized.
NameValueCollection nv;
nv = a.Values;
// Array ban jayega values ka
String[] ar = a.Values.AllKeys;
// Sub keys ke name ka array
Int32 j;
for (j = 0; j < nv.Count; j++) ;
{
Response.Write("Sub Key Name:"+ar[j].
ToString()+"Value:"+nv[j].
ToString() + "<br>");
}
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// To restrict for path
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

kk.Path = "admin";
// this cookie work with admn folder only

- 149 -
QueryString

 Place 2 textboxes and one button

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Response.Redirect("default2.aspx?ab="+TextBox1.Text
+ "&ab1="+TextBox2.Text);
// use "?" phele variable ke sath aur "&" rest ke sath
}

Default2.aspx

 Place a label and one button

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Label1.Text = "Welcome:" +
Request.QueryString["ab"].ToString() +
Request.QueryString["ab1"].ToString();

- 150 -
To Open Calender in popup window

 Place a textbox and a button

<head runat="server">
<title>Untitled Page</title>
<script language=javascript>
function abc(id)
{
window.open("default2.aspx?ab="+id,"name",
"height=350,width=350");
// To open sub Window
}
</script>
</head>

Default.aspx.cs

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Button1.Attributes.Add("OnClick",
"abc('form1.textbox1');");
}

Default2.aspx

 Place a calender control

 Calender  DayRender event

protected Calendar1_DayRender(object,DayRenderEventArgs)
{
//Fire for each day
e.Cell.Controls.Clear();
HtmlGenericControl lk = new HtmlGenericControl();
// Kisi bhi tag ka kaam karwa sakte hai

lk.TagName = "a";
lk.InnerText = e.Day.DayNumberText;
lk.Attributes["href"] =
String.Format("javascript:window.
opener.document.{0}.value='{1}';window.close()",
Request.QueryString["ab"].ToString(),
e.Day.Date.ToShortDateString());

- 151 -
 e.Cell.Controls.Add(lk);
}

To check whether cookies are enable or disable at client side

 Place a label

protected void Page_Load(object , EventArgs e)

{
if (Request.QueryString["aa"] == null)
{
HttpCookie ck = new HttpCookie("myckk",
"sachin");
ck.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(2);
Response.Cookies.Add(ck);
Response.Redirect("default2.aspx?aa=" +
Request.Url.ToString());
// To fetch url of current page use Request.Url
}
else
{
Label1.Text =
Request.QueryString["aa"].ToString();
}
}

Default2.aspx.cs

protected void Page_Load(object , EventArgs e)

{
String d, d1;
d = Request.QueryString["aa"].ToString();
HttpCookie k = Request.Cookies["myckk"];
if (k == null)
{
d1 = "cookie not created";
}
else
{
d1 = "cookie created";
k.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1);
// To expire cookie forcefully
Response.Cookies.Add(k);
}
Response.Redirect(d + "?aa=" + d1);
}

- 152 -
ViewState

 Place a label, button and a grid view

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds;
if (ViewState["abc"] == null)
{
ds = GetData();
ViewState["abc"] = ds;
Label1.Text = "Read Data from Database";
}
else
{
ds = (DataSet)(ViewState["abc"]);
Label1.Text = "Read data from Viewstate";
}
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
private DataSet GetData()
{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select *
from tbemp", "database=dbemp;uid=sa");
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
return ds;
}
}

- 153 -
Panel on same screen

 Place 4 panel and place buttons on them Next and prev

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (Page.IsPostBack == false)
{
ViewState["ctr"] = 1;
Panel1.Visible = true;
Panel2.Visible = false;
Panel3.Visible = false;
Panel4.Visible = false;
}
}
public void Btn_Next(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
String st;
st = "Panel" + ViewState["ctr"].ToString();
Panel p = (Panel)(Page.FindControl(st));
p.Visible = false;
ViewState["ctr"] =
Convert.ToInt32(ViewState["ctr"]) + 1;
st = "Panel" + ViewState["ctr"].ToString();
p = (Panel)(Page.FindControl(st));
p.Visible = true;
}
public void Btn_Prev(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
String st;
st = "Panel" + ViewState["ctr"].ToString();
Panel p = (Panel)(Page.FindControl(st));
p.Visible = false;
ViewState["ctr"] =
Convert.ToInt32(ViewState["ctr"]) - 1;
st = "Panel" + ViewState["ctr"].ToString();
p = (Panel)(Page.FindControl(st));
p.Visible = true;
}
 In source file add OnClick with Prev and Next button

Next Button  OnClick="Btn_Next"

- 154 -
 Prev Button  OnClick="Btn_Prev"

Application (Hit Counter)

 Add New Item  Global Application Class

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
// Code that runs on application startup
Application["ctr"] = 0;

void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
// Code that runs when a new session is started
Application.Lock();
Application["ctr"] =
Convert.ToInt32(Application["ctr"]) + 1;
Application.UnLock();
}

Default.aspx.cs

protected void Page_Load(object ,EventArgs)

{
Label1.Text = Application["ctr"].ToString();
}

 To check the no. of user currently using this site

void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
// Code that runs when a session ends.
// Note: The Session_End event is raised only when the sessionstate mode
// is set to InProc in the Web.config file. If session mode is set to StateServer
// or SQLServer, the event is not raised.
Application.Lock();
Application["ctr"] =
Convert.ToInt32(Application["ctr"]) - 1;
Application.UnLock();
}

- 155 -
Session

 If u want to use one object thoughout the session use session object and if u want
to use one object only one one page use application.
 Place a button

using System.Data.SqlClient;

protected void Button1_Click(object, EventArgs e)

{
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter("select*
from tbemp", "database=dbemp;uid=sa");
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
Session["ss"] = ds;
Response.Redirect("default2.aspx");
}

Default2.aspx

 Place a gridview & a button

protected void Page_Load(object , EventArgs e)

{
GridView1.DataSource = (DataSet)(Session["ss"]);
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void Button1_Click(object, EventArgs e)
{
Session.Abandon();
// To expire session forcefully
}

Session State

 InProcess(By default)
 OutProcess

 Start IIS server from control panel  add remove files  windows
components

- 156 -
  Open new application
 Select Location Http , name  http://Localhost/aaa
 Place Button

protected void Button1_Click(object , EventArgs e)

{
Session["ss"] = "hello";
Response.Redirect("default2.aspx");
}

Default2.aspx.cs

 Place label

protected void Page_Load(object, EventArgs e)

{
if (Session["ss"] != null)
{
Label1.Text = Session["ss"].ToString();
}
else
{
Label1.Text = "No Data";
}
}

To reset Web server

 Goto visual studio command prompt

 Type --- iisreset (data in inproc will lost)

Out Process

State Service

 Add web config file

<system.web>
<sessionState mode="StateServer"
stateConnectionString="tcpip=127.0.0.1:42424"
timeout="20"></sessionState>
 State server uses Asp.net State Service
 To start it
Control Panel Administrator Tool  Services  Asp.NetStateService
Right Click  start

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  If we reset this service we will lost the session

SQL Server

 In Web Config write

<system.web>
<sessionState mode="SQLServer"
sqlConnectionString="server=cs;uid=sa">
</sessionState>

 It uses two databases

 TempDb
 ASPStateDb
 To tell database
 In .Net command mode
 For TempDb
Aspnet_regsql.exe –S sac –E –ssadd -sstype t

 For ASPStateDb
Aspnet_regsql.exe –S sac –E –ssadd -sstype p

Where:
 -S  server
 sac  server name
 -E  current user instance
-U admin –P password (if user is sepecficed)
 -ssadd  session state add database
 -sstype  session state type
 T  temporary
 P  permanent
 In TempDb data is store in ASPStateTempSessions and if we reset
SQLServerService data will lost
 In ASPStateDb data is permanent.

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Shopping Cart

Default.aspx

 Place DataList, SqlDataSource and configure it

 Datalist Properties  repeatColumns  2
 In source

<ItemTemplate>
<b>Title:</b><asp:LinkButton Text=<%#Eval("bookTitle")%>
CommandName="Select"
runat="server"></asp:LinkButton><br />
<b>Author:</b><%#Eval("BookAuthor")%><br />
<asp:ImageButton ID="img1" ImageUrl="~/go_login.gif"
CommandName="Cart" runat="server" />

</ItemTemplate>

 Set DatKeyField  bookId

protected void DataList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object, e)

{
Response.Redirect("Default2.aspx?bid=" +
DataList1.DataKeys[DataList1.SelectedIndex].
ToString());
}
protected void DataList1_ItemCommand(object source, e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "Cart")
{
Response.Redirect("default3.aspx?bid=" +
DataList1.DataKeys[e.Item.ItemIndex].
ToString());
}
}

Default2.aspx

 Place a DetailView

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<Fields>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Id">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%#
Eval("bookId") %>'>
</asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Title">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server"
Text='<%# Eval("bookTitle") %>'>
</asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Author">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server"
Text='<%# Eval("bookAuthor") %>'>
</asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Publisher">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="Label4" runat="server"
Text='<%# Eval("BookPub") %>'>
</asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Price">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="Label5" runat="server"
Text='<%# Eval("BookPrice") %>'>
</asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server"
OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="Button" />
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Fields>

using System.Data.SqlClient;
public partial class Default2 : System.Web.UI.Page

- 160 -
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
String st = "Select * from tbBook where bookId=" +
Request.QueryString["bid"].ToString();
SqlDataAdapter adp=new SqlDataAdapter(st,
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].
ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
DetailsView1.DataSource = ds;
DetailsView1.DataBind();

}
protected void DetailsView1_ItemCommand(object, e)
{

}
protected void Button1_Click(object , EventArgs e)
{

Response.Redirect("default3.aspx?bid=" +
((Label)(DetailsView1.FindControl("label1"))).Text);
}
}

Default3.aspx

 Place GridView

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"

AutoGenerateColumns="False"
OnRowCancelingEdit="GridView1_RowCancelingEdit"
OnRowDeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting"
OnRowEditing="GridView1_RowEditing"
OnRowUpdating="GridView1_RowUpdating">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordId" HeaderText="Id"
ReadOnly="True" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordTit" HeaderText="Title"
ReadOnly="True" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordAuthor"
HeaderText="Author" ReadOnly="True" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordPub"
HeaderText="Publisher" ReadOnly="True" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordPrice"
HeaderText="Price" ReadOnly="True" />

- 161 -
 <asp:BoundField DataField="ordQty"
HeaderText="Quantity" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ordAmt" HeaderText="Amount"
ReadOnly="True" />
<asp:CommandField ShowEditButton="True" />
<asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="True" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

using System.Data.SqlClient;
public partial class Default3 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["ss1"] == null)
{
DataTable tb = new DataTable("Table");
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordId",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordTit",
Type.GetType("System.String")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordAuthor",
Type.GetType("System.String")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordPub",
Type.GetType("System.String")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordPrice",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordQty",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
tb.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("ordAmt",
Type.GetType("System.Int32")));
tb.Columns["ordAmt"].Expression=
"ordQty*ordPrice";
Session["ss1"] = tb;
}
if (Page.IsPostBack == false)
{
String st;
st = "select * from tbbook where bookid=" +
Request.QueryString["bid"].ToString();
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(st,
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["cs"].
ConnectionString);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
DataRowView r; // for one row

- 162 -
 r = ds.Tables[0].DefaultView[0];
DataTable ab = (DataTable)(Session["ss1"]);
DataRow r1 = ab.NewRow();
r1[0] = Convert.ToInt32(r["bookId"]);
r1[1] = r["bookTitle"].ToString();
r1[2]=r["bookAuthor"].ToString();
r1[3] = r["BookPub"].ToString();
r1[4]=Convert.ToInt32(r["BookPrice"]);
r1[5] = 1;
ab.Rows.Add(r1);
GridView1.DataSource = ab;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
public void GrdBind()
{
GridView1.DataSource = (DataTable)(Session["ss1"]);
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowEditing(object sender, e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
GrdBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(object sender, e)
{
DataTable tt = (DataTable)(Session["ss1"]);
tt.Rows[e.RowIndex][5] = Convert.ToInt32(((TextBox)
(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[5].
Controls[0])).Text);
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowCancelingEdit(object, e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
GrdBind();
}
}

- 163 -
 SECURITY
Security include
1. Authorization  means permission to user.

2. Authentication

Authentication of IIS
1. Basic Authentication  In basic authentication user password stored into cleared
text.
2. Digest AuthenticationThis authentication is by default provided by IIS and user
password stored in encrypted form.
3. Window Integrating AuthenticationUser of window.

Authentication Types
1. Window AuthenticationIt is by default authentication.
2. Forms
(a). Forms Authentication It is customized authentication and used mostly.
3. Passport Authentication with single sign in we can login into multiple passport
Enable sites.
4. None

We can also create user and password in webconfig and xml file.

Membership and role is a new feature in 2.0

FORM AUTHENTICATION

1.Add webconfig file

Username  
Password Button
Webconfig file
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms name="cookie" loginUrl="login.aspx"></forms>
</authentication>

Login.aspx
using System;

- 164 -
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

public partial class login : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (TextBox1.Text == "faisal" && TextBox2.Text == "khan")
{
FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage
(TextBox1.Text,false);
}
else
{
Response.Write("Wrong user/password");
}
}
}
FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(TextBox1.Text,false)user name ko
cookie mai likhega aur redirect to default page.

Default.aspx
Label
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

- 165 -
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
Label1.Text = "Welcome :" + User.Identity.Name;
}
else
{
FormsAuthentication.RedirectToLoginPage();
}
}
}

HOW USER AUTHENTICATE IN WEB CONFIG FILE

Webconfig file
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms name="cookie" loginUrl="login.aspx">
<credentials passwordFormat ="Clear">
<user name ="admin" password ="ad"/>
<user name ="admin1" password ="ad1"/>
</credentials>
</forms>
</authentication>

Login.aspx

Username  
Password Button2

protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (FormsAuthentication.Authenticate(TextBox1.Text,
TextBox2.Text))
{
FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(TextBox1.Text,
false);
}
else
{
Response.Write("Wrong user/password");
}

- 166 -
 }

Specific Autherity
</system.web>
<location path ="default2.aspx">
<system.web >
<authorization >
<allow users ="admin"/>
<deny users ="*"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>
<location path ="default3.aspx">
<system.web >
<authorization >
<allow users ="admin1"/>
<deny users ="*"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>

* Means deny autherisation and unautherisation user.

? Means deny unauthenticated.

Default.aspx
2 hyperlink button
PropertyNavigationURLDefault2.aspx

PropertyNavigationURLDefault3.aspx

ROLE BASED SECURITY

Create table tbusr
 Uname varchar(50)
 Upass varchar(50)

- 167 -
  Urole varchar(50)
Add some record eg
Uname Upass Urole
Faisal khan admin
Sachin gupta user
Charu satia admin|user
Add 2 folder in solution explorer
 Adm--> default2.aspx,default3.aspx
 Usr-->default4.aspx,default5.aspx

Roles assign to folder in webconfigfile

 Add webconfig file

<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms name="cookie" loginUrl="login.aspx">
</forms>
</authentication>

</system.web>
<location path ="adm">
<system.web >
<authorization >
<allow roles ="admin"/>
<deny users ="*"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>
<location path ="usr">
<system.web >
<authorization >
<allow roles ="user"/>
<deny users ="*"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>
Login.aspx

- 168 -
Username  
Password Button

using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class login1 : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = "database=emp;uid=sa";
con.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "select * from tbauth1 where uname=@u and upass=@p";
cmd.Parameters.Add("@u", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =TextBox1.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@p", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value =TextBox2.Text;
cmd.Connection = con;
SqlDataReader dr;
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
if (dr.HasRows)
{
dr.Read();
FormsAuthenticationTicket tkt = new
FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, TextBox1.Text,
DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10), false,
dr[2].ToString(), FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath);

//Here we encrypt the ticket n stored st(ticket) and cookie name from
webconfig file into cookie or with the help of querystring passed this value
into default.aspx

string st;
st = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(tkt);
HttpCookie ck = new
HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, st);

- 169 -
 Response.Cookies.Add(ck);
Response.Redirect("default.aspx");
}
else
{
Response.Write("wrong user/password");
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
}
}
 FormsAuthenticationTicket tkt  Ticket is used for passing customise data
whatever we want.
 1st Parameter is ticket version no. assign with multiple tickets.
 2nd Parameter username.
 3rd Parameter issued ticket datetime
 4th Parameter expire time
 5th Parameter cookies temp(false) or permanent(untill web browser session
expire).
 6th Parameter string userdata dr[2] contain table coloumn Urole.
 7th Parameter string cookies path.

How authenticate user access the file so a Add global application class
Global Application Class
Namespace System.Security.Principal contain generic principal class which is
combination of identity & roles is known as generic principal.
Select application and his event AuthenticateRequest .
Event AuthenticateRequest fire every time for user check.
HttpContextEnclupulate all http specific information about an individual http request.

<%@ Application Language="C#" %>

<%@ Import Namespace ="System.Security.Principal"%>
<script runat="server">

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

- 170 -
 // Code that runs on application startup
}
void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Code that runs on application shutdown
}
void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Code that runs when an unhandled error occurs
}
void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Code that runs when a new session is started
}
void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Code that runs when a session ends.
// Note: The Session_End event is raised only when the sessionstate mode
// is set to InProc in the Web.config file. If session mode is
set to StateServer
// or SQLServer, the event is not raised.
}

protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender,EventArgs e)

{
if (HttpContext.Current.User!= null)
{
FormsIdentity fi;
//We get current user identity(ticket)
fi = (FormsIdentity)(User.Identity);
FormsAuthenticationTicket tk;
tk = fi.Ticket;
//Get user role with ticket, split the role and stored into array.
string ud = tk.UserData;
string[] ar = ud.Split('|');
//fi contain identity of user and array ar contain role which is known as
generic principal.
HttpContext.Current.User = new GenericPrincipal(fi, ar);
}
}
</script>

Default.aspx
2 Hyperlink Button
PropertyNavigationURLadm/Default2.aspx,Default3.aspx

- 171 -
PropertyNavigationURLusr/Default4.aspx,Default5.aspx

- 172 -