Synopsis Palm Vein Technology

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SYNOPSIS

PALM VEIN TECHNOLOGY

PREPARED BY

MRINMOY MANDAL(16905517033)

MRINALINI KARMAKAR(16905517034)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. ABHIJIT PATRA


APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING

ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT-

This document is about the contactless palm vein authentication


technology which identifies a person by using palm vein sensors and palm
vein authentication access control device. Palm vein authentication uses
vascular pattern of humans for identification and recognition purposes. The
infrared rays emitted from the sensor are used to recognize and store the
vascular pattern of a person’s palm.

KEYWORDS-

contactless, sensors, infrared radiation, vascular pattern, authentication

INTRODUCTION-

This paper is about contactless palm vein authentication technology which


uses blood vessel patterns as a personal identifying factor. The vein
information is hard to duplicate since veins are internal to the human body.
The palm vein authentication technology offers a high level of accuracy,
and delivers the following results: a false rejection rate (FRR) of 0.01%, and
a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0.00008% or lower.FRR is the instance of a
security system which fails to verify or identify an authorized person. FAR is
the instance of a security system which identifies an unauthorized person.

Joe Rice, an automation controls engineer at Kodak's Annesley Factory,


invented vein pattern recognition in the early 1980s in response to his bank
cards and identity being stolen. He developed essentially a barcode reader
for people and assigned the rights to the UK's NRDC (National Research
Development Corporation). Vascular/vein pattern recognition (VPR)
technology has been developed commercially by Hitachi since 1997, in
which infrared light absorbed by the haemoglobin in a subject's blood
vessels is recorded (as dark patterns) by a CCD camera behind a
transparent surface. The data patterns are processed, compressed, and
digitized for future biometric authentication of the subject. Mantra Softech
marketed a device in India that scans vein patterns in palms for attendance
recording. Fujitsu developed a version that does not require direct physical
contact with the vein scanner for improved hygiene in the use of
electronic point of sale devices.

Palm Vein Authentication Technology-

Palm vein authentication uses the vascular patterns of an individual’s palm


as personal identification data.

It works by comparing the vascular pattern of veins in the palm(which


appear as blue lines) of a person being authenticated with a pattern being
stored in database. Vascular patterns are unique to each individual-even
identical twins have different vascular patterns. As vascular patterns store
inside the body they cannot be stolen by means of voice recordings,
fingerprints or photography, thereby making this method of biometric
authentication more secure than others.

1. PRINCIPLE OF PALM VEIN AUTHENTICATION

Haemoglobin in the blood is oxygenated in the lungs and carries oxygen to


the tissues of the body through the arteries. After it releases its oxygen to
the tissues, the deoxidized hemoglobin returns to the heart through the
veins. These two types of hemoglobin have different rates of absorbency.
Deoxidized haemoglobin absorbs light at a wavelength of about 760 nm in
the near-infrared region. When the palm is illuminated with near infrared
light, unlike the image seen by the human eye [Figure 1(a)], the deoxidized
hemoglobin in the palm veins absorbs this light, thereby reducing the
reflection rate and causing the veins to appear as a black pattern. In vein
authentication based on this principle, the region used for authentication is
photographed with near-infrared light, and the vein pattern is extracted by
image processing and registered. The vein pattern of the person being
authenticated is then verified against the preregistered pattern.
Multiple features and classifiers with feature level fusion of vein modalities
for recognition are proposed. The motivation of this work is choosing of
right modality to provide live experience and also conserve the
individuality. The selection of two or more images in multimodal biometric
system and fusion of their features should be carried out to improve the
accuracy and to reduce the error.

In one of the proposed methods of extracting the biometric information is


obtained from three different sets of vein images, such as, finger vein,
dorsal hand vein and palm vein are used for recognition. The significant
features of the three vein images are obtained by using three different
transforms, such as, Radon transform, Hilbert–Huang transform (kind of
empirical mode decomposition), and Dual tree complex wavelet transform
(DT-CWT). Here each of the vein images are individually transformed using
Radon transform, Hilbert–Huang transform and Dual tree complex wavelet
transforms. Therefore, for a single image, three different feature sets are
obtained with different sizes and they are resized to the same size. These
extracted features are fused at the feature level itself. In this method, the
feature level fusion is achieved by generating appropriate rules with the
help of optimization algorithm, namely group search optimization
(GSO).Figure 1 shows the proposed method.
2. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTACTLESS PALM VEIN TECHNOLOGY

The contactless palm vein authentication technology consists of image


sensing and software technology. The palm vein sensor captures an infrared
ray image of the user’s palm. The lighting of the infrared ray is controlled
depending on the illumination around the sensor, and the sensor is able to
capture the palm image regardless of the position and movement of the
palm. The software then matches the translated vein pattern with the
registered pattern, while measuring the position and orientation of the
palm by a pattern matching method. Implementation of a contactless
identification system enables applications in public places or in
environments where hygiene standards are required, such as in medical
applications. In addition, sufficient consideration was given to individuals
who are reluctant to come into direct contact with publicly used devices.

3. ADVANTAGES OF USING THE PALM

In addition to the palm, vein authentication can be done using the vascular
pattern on the back of the hand or a finger. However, the palm vein pattern
is the most complex and covers the widest area. Because the palm has no
hair, it is easier to photograph its vascular pattern. The palm also has no
significant variations in skin color compared with fingers or the back of the
hand, where the color can darken in certain areas.

4.1 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FOR FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS

Financial damage caused by fraudulent withdrawals of money using identity


spoofing with fake bankcards has been rapidly increasing in recent years,
and this has emerged as a significant social problem. As a result, there has
been a rapid increase in the number of lawsuits filed by victims of identity
theft against financial institutions for their failure to control information
used for personal identification. The "Act for the Protection of Personal
Information" came into effect in Japan on May 1, 2005, and in response,
financial institutions have been focusing on biometric authentication
together with IC (smart) cards as a way to reinforce the security of personal
identification. Vein authentication can provide two types of systems for
financial solutions, depending on where the registered vein patterns are
stored.

In one method, the vein patterns are stored on the server of a client-server
system. The advantage of this system is that it provides an integrated
capability for managing vein patterns and comparison processing.

In the other type, a user’s vein pattern is stored on an IC card, which is


beneficial because users can control access to their own vein pattern.
Suruga Bank uses the server type for their financial solutions, and The Bank
of Tokyo-Mitsubishi uses the IC card system.

Fujitsu plans to develop another type of ATM for use at convenience stores
in Japan, embedding the palm vein authentication sensor in the ATM.

In 2006, Fujitsu reduced the Palm Secure sensor to 1/4 of its current size for
its next generation product. By using a smaller sensor on existing ATMs ,
there will be room on the operating panel for a sensor for FeliCa mobiles, a
10-key pad that meets the DES (Data Encryption Standard), as well as an
electronic calculator and other devices. The downsized sensor can also be
mounted on ATMs in convenience stores.

4.2 ACCESS CONTROL DEVICE USING PALM VEIN AUTHENTICATION

The palm vein pattern sensor is also used for access control units. The
"palm vein authentication access control device" is comprised of the palm
vein pattern sensor, a keypad and a small display. This device controls
access to rooms or buildings that are for restricted personnel. The device
consists of two parts: the palm vein sensor, plus the control unit that
executes the authentication processing and sends the unlock instruction. A
simple configuration system can be achieved by connecting this device to
the electric lock control board or electric locks provided by the
manufacturer.

OTHER PRODUCT APLLICATIONS

Because of the importance of personal identification, we can expect to see


the development of new products for various applications, such as:

(i)Management in healthcare

• Access control to medication dispensing

• Identification of doctors and nurses when accessing protected health


records

• Patient identification management

(ii)Operator authentication

• Settlement by credit card

• Obtaining various certificates using the Basic Resident Register Card

(iii)Owner authentication
• Retrieval of checked luggage

• Driver authentication

(iv)Attendance authentication

• Checking attendance in schools

• Clocking in and out of the workplace.

5. CONCLUSION

This paper introduces palm vein authentication. This technology is highly


secure because it uses information contained within the body and is also
highly accurate because the pattern of veins in the palm is complex and
unique to each individual. Moreover, its contactless feature gives it a
hygienic advantage over other biometric authentication technologies. This
paper also describes some examples of financial solutions and product
applications for the general market that have been developed based on this
technology. Many of our customers have favorably evaluated this
technology and have experienced no psychological resistance to using it.
This has encouraged us to start development of new products for various
applications, beginning with financial solutions and followed by access
control units and login units.

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