Learning Activity 1.

Review Questions

1. What kind of method is used by engineer/s using scientific principles to solve problems?

-Engineering

2. What are the steps that may need several cycles of iterations to obtain final solution?

- Data gathering, Form a Hypothesis, Test/ Experiment Hypothesis, and Check Results.

3. What are the steps in Engineering Method?

-Defining the Problem, Data gathering, Form a hypothesis, Test/ Experiment hypothesis, Check
results, Keep accurate record, Repeat experiments, and Confirm Conclusion and make
recommendations.

4. What is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established
systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate
outcomes?

-Data Collection

5. These are data which have been collected by someone else and which have already been passed
through the statistical process.

-Secondary Data

6. What are the five methods of Collecting Primary Data?

-Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Case study, and Survey.

7. This process is done by characterizing style of recording the observed information, standardized
conditions of observation, definition of the units to be observed, selection of pertinent data of
observation.

-Structured Observation

8. This process is done when the observation takes place in natural condition. It is done to get
spontaneous picture of life and persons.

-Uncontrolled Observation

9. This method of collecting data involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral
verbal responses

-Interview Method

10. This type of interview is concerned with the course of individual’s life experience, rather than with
the effects of the specific experience.

-Clinical Interview
11. This method allow respondents to answer question on their own.

-Questionnaire Method

12. What is the slowest method of data collection?

-Questionnaire Method

13. What is the method that is essentially have an intensive investigation of the particular unit under
consideration?

-Case Study Method

14. This method can be used to test out people’s opinions or to test a hypothesis.

-Survey Method

15. This method has a better response rate out of all data collecting methods

-Interview Method

16. What are the steps in designing a survey?

-Determine the goal of your survey, Identify the sample population, Choose an interviewing
method, Decide what questions you will ask in what order, and how to phrase them, Conduct the
interview and collect the information, and Analyze the results by making graphs and drawing
conclusions.

17. List down five types of data collecting method and give at least one advantages and disadvantages
for each them.

1. Observation Method
a. Advantages- Subjective bias is eliminated and Independent to respondent’s
variable.
b. Disadvantages- Limited Information and Unforeseen factors.
2. Interview Method
a. Advantages- Provides flexibility to the interviewers and has a better response
rate.
b. Disadvantages- Interview can cause bias.
3. Questionnaire Method
a. Advantages- Large samples can be used and Answers are in respondent’s word
so free from bias.
b. Disadvantages- Slowest method of data collection and Difficult to know if the
expected respondent have filled the form or it is filled by someone else.
4. Case Study Method
a. Advantages- They are advantageous when studying dynamic populations in
which follow-up is difficult.
b. Disadvantages- They are subject to selection bias and generally do not allow
calculation of incidence.
 5. Survey Method
a. Advantages- Relatively easy to administer and can be developed in less time.
b. Disadvantages- Respondents may not feel encouraged to provide accurate,
honest answers.

18. Juan wants to construct a survey that shows how many hours per week the average student at his
school attend classes. Identify the Steps in designing a survey for this situation.

Step 1: Goal

- How many hours per week the average student at his school attend classes?

Step 2: Population

-Random sample in Juan’s school.

Step 3: Method

-Juan can use personal interviews to collect non-bias data and this method is easy to
administer because there’s only one question.

Step 4: Data

total ∑ of hours the students take

1. In a class of 40 students, 27 like calculus and 25 like chemistry how many like both Calculus and
Chemistry?

( 27+25 )−40=12 Students like both Calculus∧Chemistry

( 23−1) 7
P= = ∨87.5 %
23 8
3. Three events are shown on the Venn diagram in the following figure:

Reproduce the figure and shade the region that corresponds to each of the following events.

a)
b)

c)

d)

e)

4. What are the number of ways can 3 nurses and 4 engineers be seated on a bench with the nurses
seated together?

nPr= (5−1 ) !=24 possible arrangements

nPr=6!=720 permutations
6. What is the number of permutations in the word BANANA?

6!
nPr= =60 permutations
3 ! 2! 1!
7. There are 4 balls of four different colors. Two balls are taken at a time and arranged indefinite order
(such as if a white and a red ball are taken, one definite arrangement is white first, red second. Then
another arrangement is red first, white second). How many such arrangements are possible?

4!
nPr= = 12 arrangements
( 4−2 ) !
8. 5 cards are dealt from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability of selecting 3 cards of heart?

13! 2!
(13 C54 = =2989 ×10−50 )(2 C 41= =4.902 ×10−47)
13 ! ( 54−13 ) ! 2 ! ( 41−2 ) !
=8.91 ×10−34
5!
(5C 54= =1.6439× 10−63 )
5 ! ( 54−5 ) !

9. If a card is drawn from a standard deck of cards, what is the probability of selecting an ace or queen
or king of hearts?

1 1 1 1
- P= + + = ∨0.05 %
54 54 54 18
10. If P(E’), the probability of getting tails is 23/24 in tossing a coins, what is the probability of getting
heads?

(24−1) 23
- P= = ∨95.83 %
24 24