In The Marxist Perspective, Social Stratification Is Created by Unequal Property Relations, or Unequal Access To The Means of Production

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Marx's View of Class Differentiation

In the Marxist perspective, social stratification is created by


unequal property relations, or unequal access to the means of
production.

In Marx's view, social stratification is created by people's differing


relationship to the means of production: either they own productive
property or they labor for others.

In Marxist theory, the capitalist mode of production consists of two main


economic parts: the substructure and the Superstructure. In a capitalist
society, the ruling class, or the bourgeoisie, owns the means of
production, such as machines or tools that can be used to produce
valuable objects. The working class, or the proletariat, only possess their
own labor power, which they sell to the ruling class in the form of wage
labor to survive. These relations of production—employer-employee
relations, the technical division of labor, and property relations—form
the base of society or, in Marxist terms, the substructure. From this
material substructure, the superstructure emerges. The superstructure
includes the ideas, philosophies and culture of a society. In a capitalist
society, the ruling class promotes its own ideologies and values as the
norm for the entire society, and these ideas and values are accepted by
the working class.

A temporary status quo could be achieved by employing various


methods of social control—consciously or unconsciously— the ruling
class in various aspects of social life. Eventually, however, Marx
believed the capitalist economic order would erode, through its own
internal conflict; this would lead to revolutionary consciousness and the
development of egalitarian communist society. In this communist
society, the state would own the means of production, and it would
equally distribute resources to all citizens. The means of production
would be shared by all members of society, and social stratification
would be abolished.
Marx Memorial in Moscow

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