Vujms > ICB GG

FOXKL > Ls. Xufgrcml Keklfg,X.Ikp.,C.Ikp

CMIMAM@ MLKCGM

Ikaocpoi U >

Ekrm Cktkio`y

Aglfm Rucmpmssma

Aklg Iosmpamwml

Lolsgmtm Rkewutu

XKIOAM@ VGLJJG GAC[ IKTKRM

IKTKRMZ
ZMVML EMCGIM CMIMXXMR 
CMI MXXMR 

2424/242=

gg
 

IMVM TKLJMLVMR

Tungg fml syu

Tun syuiur
iur Im
Imcg
cg pml
pmlnmt
nmtiml
iml ik`
ik`mfg
mfgrmt
rmt Vu`m
u`ml
l yml
ymlj
j Cm`
Cm`mm KXM mtms
mtms skj
skjma
mamm
rm`cmt skrtm imsg` smymlj fml imrulgm-Lym ymlj tkam` fgbkrgiml ikpmfm skauru` hgptmml-
 Lym. sk`gljjm imcg
imcg fmpmt cklykaksmgiml
cklykaksmgiml cmimam`
cmimam` tkltmlj ‑MLKCGM–
‑MLKCGM–
Mfmpul
Mfmpul tun
tunuml
uml fmr
fmrgg Tkl
Tklyus
yusulm
ulml
l cmi
cmimam
mam`
` glg mfm
mfmam`
am` skb
skbmjm
mjmgg sm
smam`
am` smt
smtu
u tuj
tujms
ms
Ikpkrmwmtml Ckfghma Bkfm` .Fmamc Tklyusulml cmimam` glg, Ikaocpoi imcg bmlymi 
cklj
ckljma
mamc
mcgg ik
iksu
suag
agtm
tml
l fm
fml
l `m
`mcb
cbmt
mtml
ml,, `m
`maa gl
glgg fg
fgsk
skbm
bmbi
biml
ml oa
oak`
k` ik
iktk
tkrb
rbmt
mtms
msml
ml ga
gacu
cu
 pkljktm`uml ymlj Imcg cgagig. Imcg bkr`mrmp skcojm cmimam` glg fmpmt bkrcmlemmt
 bmjg Ikaocpoi Imcg pmfm i`ususlym, fml bmjg pmrm pkcbmhm pmfm ucuclym. Mmcggl.
Imcg skbmjmg pklyusul smljmt cklymfmrg bm`wm fmamc Tklyusulml cmimam` glg cmsg`
 bmlymi ikiurmljml fml nmu` fmrg ikskcpurlmm
ikskcpurlmml.
l. Oak` imrklm gtu, Imcg smljmt
cklj`mrmpiml irgtgi fml smrml ymlj fgtunuiml ultui ckcbmljul.

Jowm 4: Mprga 2424

 

Tklyusul

gg
 

FMEVMR
FMEVMR GXG
GXG

IMVM TKLJMLVMR ...................................................................................................g

FMEVMR GXG ....................................

FMEVMR .........................................................................
..........................................................................
.......................................gg
..gg
BMB G TKLFM@[A[ML
M. Amtmr Bkamimlj ..................................
.......................................................................
...............................................................=
..........................=
B. Vunuml .................................
......................................................................
..........................................................................
.........................................2
....2
BMB GG TKCBM@MXML
M. Fkeglgsg Mlkcgm ..................................
.......................................................................
............................................................8
.......................8
B. Iamsgegimsg Mlkcgm ....................................
.........................................................................
.....................................................6
................6
H. Cmhmc-c
Cmhm c-cmhmc
mhmc Mlkc
Mlkcgm gm .....
..........
...........
............
...........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
............
............
...........
..........
..........
.......6
..6
F. Ktgoaojg Mlkcgm ..................................
.......................................................................
............................................................;
.......................;
K. Egsgoaojg
Egsgoaojg/pmt
/pmtoaojg
oaojg Mlkc
Mlkcgm gm .....
...........
............
............
............
............
...........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
............
...........
......:
.:
E. Vmlfm fml JknJknmam
mam Mlkcgm ...... ............
............
............
...........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
............
...........
..........
..........
........:
...:
J. Tkckrgis
Tkck rgismml
mml Tklul
Tklulnmlj
nmlj…………
…………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………..0 ..0
@. Tklmtmamismlmml/Tklmljmmlml
Tklmtmamisml mml/Tklmljmmlml Mlkcgm .................................
........................................................=4
.......................=4
G. Msu`ml Ikpkrmwmtml
N. Tkcbm`msml Nurlma

BMB GGG TKL[V[T

M. Iksgcpuaml ....................................
.........................................................................
...............................................................=2
..........................=2
B. Xmrml ....................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................=
....................................=2
2

FMEVMR
FMEVMR T[XV
T[XVMIM................
MIM.....................................................
..........................................................................
.............................................=8
........=8

gg
 

BMB G
TKLFM@[A[ML

M. Amtmr Bkamimlj
Tklymigt Mlkcgmmtmu iurmlj fmrm` mfmam` sumtu iolfgsg fg cmlm nucam` ska fmrm`
ckrm` (@kcojaobgl) fmamc ska fmrm` ckrm` bkrmfm fg bmwm` lorcma. @kcojaobglymlj
tkrimlfulj fg fmamc Xka fmrm` ckrm` bkrpkrml fmamc ckljmljiut oisgjkl fmrg pmru-
 pmru fml ckljmltmrim
ckljmltmrimllym
llym ik skauru` bmjgml tubu`. Xkormlj pmsgkl fgimtmiml mlkcgm
mpmbga
mpmbgamm iol
iolskl
skltrm
trmsg
sg @k
@kcoj
cojaob
aobgl
gl (@b
(@b)) pmf
pmfmm am
amig-
ig-ami
amigg iur
iurmlj
mlj fmr
fmrgg =8,
=8,;
; J/F
J/FA
A fml
@kcmtoirgt iurmlj fmrg 6=%, Tmfm pkrkcpuml iolskltrmsg @kcojaobgl
@kcojaobgl iurmlj fmrg ==,;
J/FA mtmu @kcmtohrgt iurmlj fmrg 85%.

Mlkc
Mlkcgm
gm ( bm
bm`m
`msm
sm Wulmlg
Wulmlg)) mfm
mfmam
am`
` ikm
ikmfmm
fmml
l smm
smmtt nuc
nucam`
am` ska fmrm` ckrm` 
ckrm`  mtmu
 nucam` `kcojaobgl
`kcojaobgl   ( protkgl
 protkgl pkcbmwm oisgjkl
oisgjkl)) fmamc ska fmrm` ckrm` bkrmfm fg bmwm`
lorcma
lorcma.Xk
.Xkaa fmr
fmrm`
m` ck
ckrm
rm`
` ck
ckljm
ljmlfu
lfulj
lj `kc
`kcoja
ojaobg
obgl
l yml
ymlj
j ckc
ckculj
uljig
iglim
liml
l ckr
ckrkim
kim
ckljmljiut oisgjkl fmrg pmru-pmru
fmrg pmru-pmru,, fml ckljmltmrimllym ik skauru` bmjgml tubu`.
Mlkcg
Mlkcgmm mfm
mfmam
am`
` iuc
iucpua
puaml
ml jkn
jknma
mamm yml
ymlj
j fgt
fgtmlf
mlfmg
mg fkl
fkljml
jml iua
iuagt
gt fml ckc
ckcbrm
brml
l
cuhos
cuhosmm puh
puhmt,
mt, fml pmf
pmfmm tks
tkstt amb
amborm
ormtor
torguc
guc fgf
fgfmpm
mpmtim
timl
l @gt
@gtulj
ulj @k
@kco
cojao
jaobgl
bgl(@
(@b),
b),
@kcmtoirgt(@c), fml krgtrosgt iurmlj fmrg lorcma. Rklfm`lym imfmr `kcojaobgl gtu
ckcpkljm
ckcpkljmru`g
ru`g ikcm
ikcmcpum
cpuml
l fmrm
fmrm`
` cklj
cklj`mltm
`mltmriml
riml oisg
oisgjkl
jkl ymlj fgbu
fgbutu`im
tu`iml
l ultu
ultui 
i 
cktmboagsckk tubu` ymlj optgcma.
cktmboagsc

Mlkcg
Mlkcgmm ck
cklyk
lykbmb
bmbiml
iml bkr
bkriur
iurmlj
mljlym
lym nuc
nucam
am`
` ska fmr
fmrm`
m` ck
ckrm`
rm` mt
mtmu
mu nuc
nucam`
am`
`kcojaob
`kcojaobgl
gl fmamc ska fmrm` ckrm`, sk`gljjm
sk`gljjm fmrm`
fmrm`   tgfmi fmpmt ckljmljiut oisgjkl

gg
 

fmamc nucam` sksumg ymlj fgpkrauiml tubu` . ikmfmml glg skrglj cklykbmbiml klkrjg
fmamc tubu` cklnmfg cklurul sk`gljjm tkrnmfg ;A mtmu akcm`, aksu, akcms, auljamg, fml
aktg
aktg`.
`. Fm
Fmam
amc
c `m
`maa gl
glgg or
orml
mlj
j ym
ymlj
lj tk
tkri
rikl
klmm ml
mlkc
kcgm
gm mf
mfma
mam`
m` or
orml
mlj
j ym
ymlj
lj ck
cklf
lfkr
krgt
gtmm
ikiurmljml zmt bksg. Xkskormlj ymlj cklfkrgtm mlkcgm miml skrglj ckljmamcg ikmfmml
 pusglj ymlj skfmlj `gljjm bkrmt fgimrklmiml Cklgljimtlym pklj`mlhurml ska fmrm`

ckrm`, Tkcbksmrml agcpm

agcpm,, Ikrusmiml ckimlgi pmfm ska fmrm` ckrm`, Rkmisg mutogcul
tkr`m
tkr`mfmp
fmp ska fmr
fmrm`
m` ck
ckrm`
rm` > @kc
@kcoja
ojaobg
obglur
lurgm
gm loi
loitur
turlma
lma pmr
pmrois
oisgsc
gscma
ma,, Xek
Xekros
rosgt
gtosg
osgss
`krkfgtkr, Kaagptosgtosgs `krkfgtkr. Xkskormlj ymlj skrglj ckljmamcg mlkcgm fg skbmbiml
imrklm pmsoiml oisgjkl ymlj tgfmi cklhuiupg ikbutu`ml glg, bkrvmrgmsg.
Mlkcgm
Mlkcgm bgsm cklykbmbiml
cklykbmbiml ikak
ikakam`m
am`ml,
l, ikak
ikakcm`m
cm`ml,
l, iurml
iurmlj
j tklm
tklmjm
jm fml ikpm
ikpmam
am
tkrmsm ckamymlj. Ngim mlkcgm bkrtmcbm` bkrmt, bgsm cklykbmbiml stroik
stroik mtmu
 mtmu skrmljml
 nmltulj..
 nmltulj

B. VunumlTkluagsml

=. Vunuml [cuc
Cmcpu
Cmcp u ckcm
ckcm`mcg
`mcg skhmrm ucuc tkltmlj mlkcgm fml ckam
ckamisml
ismlmiml
miml msu`ml
ikbgfmlml ymlj iocprk`klsg
iocprk`klsge.
e.
2. Vunuml I`usus
  Ckcm`mcg `ma-`ma ymlj bkrimgtml fkljml mlkcgm ymgtu >
m) Fkeglgsg
 b) Iamsgsegim
Iamsgsegimsg
sg
h) Cm
Cmhm
hmc
c-c
-cmh
mhmc
mc
f) Ktgoaojg

k) Tmto
Tmtoeg
egsg
sgoa
oaoj
ojgg
e) Vmlfm
mlfm fmfml
l jk
jknm
nmam
am
j) Tkl
Tklmtm
mtmam
amism
ismlmm
lmml/T
l/Tklm
klmljm
ljmlml
lml

gg
 

BMB GG
TKCBM@MXML
M. Fkeglgsg Mlkcgm
Mlkcgm (fmamc bm`msm Wulmlg> Vmlpm fmrm`) mfmam` ikmfmml smmt nucam` ska fmrm`

ckrm` mtm
ckrm` mtmu
u nuc
nucam`
am` `kco
`kcojaobg
jaobgl
l (prot
(protkgl
kgl pkcbmwm oisgjkl)
oisgjkl) fmam
fmamc
c ska fmrm` ckrm
ckrm`
`
 bkrmfm fg bmwm` lorcma. Xka fmrm` ckrm` ckljmlfulj `kcojaobgl ymlj
ckculjigliml ckrkim ckljmljiut oisgjkl fmrg pmru-pmru, fml ckljmltmrimllym ik
skauru` bmjgml tubu`. Mlkcgm cklykbmbiml bkriurmljlym nucam` ska fmrm` ckrm` mtmu
 nucam` `kcojaobgl fmamc ska fmrm` ckrm`, sk`gljjm fmrm` tgfmi fmpmt ckljmljiut
oisgjkl fmamc nucam` sksumg ymlj fgpkrauiml tubu` (imcus bm`msm glfolksgm). Bkrgiut
 pkljkrtgml mlkcgm
mlkcgm cklurut pmrm m`ag fgmltmrmlym
fgmltmrmlym >
Mlkcgm mfmam` jknmam fmrg iolfgsg ymlj cklfmsmrg, skpkrtg ik`gamljml iocpolkl
fmrm`, kakcml tgfmi mfkiumt mtmu iurmlj lutrgsg ymlj fgbutu`iml ultui pkcbkltuiml ska

fmrm`, ymlj ckljmigbmtiml pklurulml impmsgtms pkljmljiut oisgjkl fmrm` fml mfm
 bmlymi tgpk mlkcgm
mlkcgm fkljml bkrmjmc
bkrmjmc pklykbmblym.
pklykbmblym. (Cmrgayl K,
K, Fokljks, Nmimrtm,
Nmimrtm, =777).
Mlkcgm fkeglgsg bksg mfmam` mlkcgm ymlj fgskbmbiml oak` iurmljlym cglkrma EK
skbmjmg
skbmjmg bm`m
bm`ml
l ymlj fgpk
fgpkrauim
rauiml
l ultui pkc
pkcmtmlj
mtmljml
ml krgt
krgtrosg
rosgtt (Mr
(Mrge
ge Cmls
Cmlsnokr
nokr,, Impg
Impgtm
tm
Xkakitm, Ngagf 2 kfgsg 8, Nmimrtm =777).
Mlkcgm
Mlkcgm skhm
skhmrm
rm ucuc mfmam` turullym
turullym imfm
imfmrr ska fmrm` ckrm
ckrm`
` mtmu `kcojaobgl
`kcojaobgl
fmamc
fmamc fmrm
fmrm`
` (Mlo
(Mlolgc
lgc).
). Mlkcgm fmpm
fmpmtt fgik
fgiktm`uu
tm`uugg fkljm
fkljml
l mfml
mfmlym
ym pkck
pkckrgsm
rgsmml
ml fmrm
fmrm`
`
akljimp ambormtorguc.
=. Lgamg @b lorcma

m) Tr
Trgm
gm > =8
=8.0
.0 - =:
=:.2
.2 jr
jrmc
mc/f/faa
 b) Zmlgtm > =2.= ‘ =;.= jrmc/fa
jrmc/fa
2. Lgamg @b mlkcgm
m) Trg
Trgmm > 1=8
1=8.0
.0 ‘ =:.
=:.2
2 jrm
jrmc/
c/fa
fa
 b) Zmlgtm > 1=2.= ‘ =;.= jrmc/fa
jrmc/fa
  ([email protected])

B. Ktgoaojg mlkcgm
=. Bkrfmsmriml uiurml ska fmrm` ckrm` ( Umrlky @,2445.9`.526)
@,2445.9`.5 26)

m Mlkcgm cgirosgtgi (pklurulml uiurml ska fmrm` ckrm`)

gg
 

=) Ikiurmljml zmt bksg

2) Vmams
mamskcgm
kcgm (tgfmi
(tgfmi keki
kekitgel
tgelym
ym krgt
krgtropog
ropogksgs
ksgs fml ckl
cklgljim
gljimtlym
tlym `kcoagsgs
`kcoagsgs ymlj
ckljmigbmtiml
ckljmigbmtiml tgfmi mfk iumtlym imlfuljml `kcojaobgl)

8) Jmljuml `kcojaobgl
`kcojaobgl K (nklgs `kcojaobgl
`kcojaobgl jklktgi
jklktgi ymlj bmlymi fg
fg tkcuiml fg

Msgm Vkljjmrm)

6) Ikrmhumlml tgcm`

;) Tklymigt irolgs
irolgs (glekisg,
(glekisg, tucor)

 b Mlkcgm lorcosgtgi
lorcosgtgi (uiurml
(uiurml ska fmrm` ckrm`
ckrm` lorcma)
lorcma)

=) Xka fmrm` ckrm`

ckrm` ymlj `gamlj mtmu
mtmu rusmi cklgljimt
cklgljimt

Ik`gamljml ska fmrm` ckrm` miut.

2) Jmljjuml `kcoagsgs fmrm`

(m) Tkly
Tklymigt
migt ska
ska smbgt `kcoj
`kcojaobg
aobgl
l ( sghiak hkaa fgskmsk
fgskmsk))

(b) Jmlj
Jmljjmum
jmuml
l H `kcojaob
`kcojaobgl
gl

(h) Xtkrohgtosgs
Xtkrohgtosgs bmlymi
 bmlymi fg tkcuiml
tkcuiml fg kropm utmrm
utmrm

(f) Ikiu
Ikiurmlj
rmljml
ml J5TF
J5TF ( jauhosk-5-p`osp`mtk
 jauhosk-5-p`osp`mtk fk`g-frojklmsk)
fk`g-frojklmsk)

(k) Mlkcgm `kcoagtgi (keki smcpglj obmt)

(e) Mlkc
Mlkcgm
gm `kco
`kcoagsg
agsgss mutog
mutogcul
cul

8) Tklurulml profuisg
profuisg ska fmrm`
fmrm` ckrm`

(m) Mlkcgm mpamstgi

mpamstgi (jmjma sucsuc
sucsuc tuamlj bkamimlj
bkamimlj ymcj ckljmlhmc
ckljmlhmc ngwm)
ngwm)

(b) Tklymigt irolgs

irolgs (pklymigt `mtg,
`mtg, jmjma jglnma,
jglnma, glekisg, tucor)
tucor)

6) Kipmlsg bkrakbg`ml
bkrakbg`ml voauck pamscm pmfm ik`mcgaml
ik`mcgaml fml `gfrmsg
`gfrmsg bkrakbg`ml

gg
 

h Mlkcgm cmirosgtgi
cmirosgtgi (pklgljimtml uiurml ska fmrm` ckrm`)
ckrm`)

=) Ik
Ikiur
iurmlj
mljml
ml vgt
vgtmcg
mcgl
l B=2
B=2

2) Ik
Ikiur
iurmlj
mljml
ml msm
msmc
c eoa
eoamt
mt

8) @gpo
pottgr
grog
ogf
f

6) Ik
Ikhm
hmlf
lfum
uml
l maio
maio`o
`oaa

;) Tkl
Tklymi
ymigt
gt `mtg
`mtg fml
fml jglnm
jglnmaa irolgs
irolgs

2. Tklykbmb mlkcgm pmfm

pmfm ik`mcgaml (Hullglj`mc
(Hullglj`mc J,244;9`.=656)
J,244;9`.=656)

m) Mlk
Mlkcgm
cgm fke
fkegsg
gsgkls
klsgg bks
bksgg

 b) Mlkcgm migbmt

migbmt ik`gamljml
ik`gamljml fmrm` miut

h) Mlkc
Mlkcgm
gm pmfm pkrm
pkrmfmljm
fmljml
l mtmu
mtmu ikjm
ikjmlmsml
lmsml

f) Mlk
Mlkcgm
cgm ck
ckjma
jmaoba
obamst
mstgi 
gi 

k) Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm `kco
`kcoag
agtg
tgi 
i 

e) Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm mp
mpam
amst
stgi 
gi 

j) Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm @gpo
@gpopa
pams
mstg
tgi
i

H. Egsgoaojg/pmtoaojg 
=. Egsg
Egsgoaoj
oaojgg fml pmtoaojg
pmtoaojg (Zgiln
(Zgilnosms
osmstro,
tro,2445,
2445,@ma
@ma.660-
.660-6;4)
6;4)
Xkamcm
Xkamcm ik`
ik`mc
mcgam
gaml
l tkr
tkrnm
nmfg
fg pkl
pklgl
gljim
jimtm
tml
l voa
voauck
uck fmr
fmrm`
m` (`y
(`ypkr
pkrvoa
voakcg
kcgm)
m)
ckrup
ckrupmim
miml
l `ms
`msga
ga fmr
fmrgg pkl
pklgl
gljim
jimtm
tml
l voa
voauc
uckk pam
pamscm
scm fml krg
krgtro
trosgt
sgt (sk
(skaa fmr
fmrm`
m`
ckrm`) ymlj bkrkfmr fmamc tubu`. Vktmpg pklgljimtml glg tgfmi skgcbmlj ymgtu
voauck
voauck pams
pamscm
cm pklg
pklgljimt
ljimtmllym
mllym nmu` akbg
akbg`
` bksm
bksmrr sk`g
sk`gljjm
ljjm cklb
cklbkrgim
krgiml
l keki 
ymgtu iolskltrmsg @B bkriurmlj fmrg =2 cj/=4 ca.
  Tklj
Tkljkl
klhk
hkrm
rml
l fmr
fmrm`
m` (@k
(@kco
cofg
fgau
ausg
sg)) pmfm
pmfm gb
gbu
u `mcg
`mcgaa skrg
skrglj
lj tk
tkrn
rnmf
mfgg fklj
fkljml
ml
 pklgljimtml voauck pamscm 84%-64% pklgljimtml ska fmrm` ckrm` =0-84 %
fml `kcojaobgl =7 % skhmrm egsgoaojg `kcofgausg ultui ckljurmljg bkbml
ikrnm nmltulj. @kcofgausg tkrnmfg sknmi ik`mcgaml =4 cgljju fml cklhmpmg

gg
 

 pulhmilym pmfm ik`mcgaml 82-85 cgljju. bgam `kcojaobgl gtu skbkauc skigtmr 
== jr% cmim tkrnmfglym `kcofgausg miml ckljmigbmtiml mlkcgm egsgoaojg fml
@b miml cklnmfg 7,; smcpmg =4 jr%

F. Vml
mlfm
fm fml
fml Jkn
Jknmam
mam Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm

Tklykbmb Mlkcgm ymlj pmaglj skrglj mfmam` imrklm pkrfmrm`ml ymlj bkrakbg`ml,
rusmilym ska fmrm` ckrm` skhmrm bkrakbg`ml mtmu ymlj skrglj fgskbut fkljml @kcoagsgs
mtmu pkcbkltuiml ska fmrm` ckrm` / `kcmtopogksgs ymlj tgfmi kekitge, ikiurmljml zmt
 bksg, pklfmrm`ml usus, ikiurmljml vgtmcgl B=2, ikimrmljml msmc eoamt, jmljjuml
euljsgg sucs
euljs sucsuc
uc tuam
tuamlj,
lj, Tklym
Tklymigt
igt irol
irolgs
gs tkrt
tkrtkltu
kltu,, holt
holto`lym
o`lym imlikr fml @GU
@GU/MGF
/MGFX.
X.
Fmpmt ckcpkljmru`g profuisg ska fmrm` ckrm`.
Mfmpul Tklykbmb ucuc fmrg mlkcgm, skpkrtg>
=. Tkrfmrm`ml @kbmt
Miut (cklfmfmi)


Ikhkamimml
 Tkcbkfm`ml

 Tkrsmaglml

 Tkhm` pkcbuau` fmrm`

Irolgi (cklm`ul)
  Tkrfmrm`ml `gfulj

  Zmsgr (`kcorogf)

  [aius pkptgiuc

  Imlikr mtmu poagp fg smaurml pklhkrlmml

  Vucor jglnma mtmu imlfulj ikcg`

  Tkrfmrm`ml cklstrumsg ymlj smljmt bmlymi 

2. Bkriurmljlym pkcbkltuiml ska fmrm` ckrm`
  Ikiurmljml zmt bksg
  Ikiurmljml vgtmcgl B=2

  Ikiurmljml msmc eoamt

  Ikiurmljml vgtmcgl H

  Tklymigt irolgi 

8. Cklgljimtlym pklj`mlhurml ska fmrm` ckrm`

gg
 

 Tkcbksmrml agcpm
 Ikrusmiml ckimlgi pmfm ska fmrm` ckrm`

  Rkmisg mutogcul tkr`mfmp ska fmrm` ckrm`

  @kcojaobglurgm loiturlma pmroisgscma

  Xekrosgtosgs `krkfgtkr 

  Kaagptosgt
Kaagptosgtosgs
osgs `krkfgtkr 

  Ikiurmljml J5TF

  Tklymigt ska smbgt

Xkamgl gtu tkrfmpmt jknmam mlkcgm ( iurmlj fmrm` ) ymlj pmaglj skrglj fg tulnuiiml mltmrm
amgl skbmjmg bkrgiut >
=. Iu
Iuagt
agt Zmnm
mnm`
` tkrag
tkrag`mt
`mt Tuh
Tuhmt
mt
Tklfkrgtm mlkcgm bgmsmlym nkams tkrag`mt pmfm wmnm` fml iuagt ymlj tkrag`mt puhmt.
2. Ik
Ikao
aopm
pmi
i Cmtm
Cmtm Tuh
Tuhmt
mt
Xkamgl wmnm` ikaopmi cmtm pmsgkl ymlj ckljmamcg iurmlj fmrm` nujm tkrag`mt
 puhmt. glg ckrupmiml smam` smtu jknmam ucuc mlkcgm. pkckrgism
pkckrgismml
ml bgmsmlym
fgamiuiml fkljml hmrm ckrkjmljiml ikaopmi cmtm. fml ckag`mt wmrlm ikaopmi 
cmtm bmjgml bmwm`.
8. [n
[nul
ulj
j Nmr
Nmrgg Tuh
Tuhmt
mt
 pkckrgismml
 pkckrgismml bgsm igtm amiuiml fkljml hmrm cklkiml unulj nmrg, lorcma lym
sktkam` fg tkiml fmkrm` tkrskbut miml bkrubm` nmfg ckrm`. Vktmpg, pmfm ormlj
ymlj ckljmamcg mlkcgm, unulj nmrg miml cklnmfg putg` mtmu puhmt.
6. Vkra
kramau
mau Xkrg
Xkrglj
lj fml
fml cufm`
cufm` akam
akam`
`
Vkramau cufm` akam`, pmfm`ma mitgvgtms ymlj fgamiuiml tgfmiam` bkrmt, ngim mlfm
ckrmsm cufm` akam` skpmlnmlj wmitu fml bkramljsulj amcm ikculjiglml mlfm
ckljmamcg pklymigt mlkcgm. `ma glg tkrnmfg imrklm pmsoiml klkrjg tubu` ymlj
tgfmi cmisgcma migbmt ikiurmljml ska-ska fmrm` ckrm` ymlj bkreuljsg skbmjmg
mamt trmlsportmsg mamcg fgfmamc tubu`.
;. Fk
Fklyu
lyutt Nmltul
Nmltulj
j cklnm
cklnmfg
fg tgfmi
tgfmi tkrm
tkrmtur 
tur 
Fklyut nmltulj ymlj tgfmi tkrmtur, tkramau iumt fml ckcgagig ikhkpmtml grmcm
fkly
fklyut
ut nm
nmlt
ltul
ulj
j ym
ymlj
lj tg
tgfm
fmi
i lo
lorc
rcma
ma.. `m
`maa gl
glgg tk
tkrn
rnmf
mfgg sk
skbm
bmjm
jmgg mi
migb
gbmt
mt tu
tubu
bu`
`
ikiurmljml oisgjkl. sk`gljjm nmltulj bkrfkbmr skhmrm tgfmi tkrmtur. pkckrgismml
glg `mlym bgsm fgamiuiml oak` pktujms iksk`mtml.
5. Xk
Xkrg
rglj
lj ckr
ckrms
msmm Cuma
Cuma

gg
 

Bgmsmlym pklfkrgtm mlkcgm skrglj ckljmamcg Cuma pmfm pmjg `mrg. `mcpgr smcm
skpk
skpkrt
rtgg tmlfm-tmlfm ik`mcgaml.
ik`mcgaml. cu
cuma
ma pm
pmfm
fm pm
pmjg
jg `m
`mrg
rg bg
bgms
msmm fg
fgsk
skbu
butt fk
fklj
ljml
ml
Corlglj sghilkss.
:. Xm
Xmig
igtt ikp
kpma
mamm
Xmam` smtu fmcpmi ikiurmljml ska fmrm` ckrm` ymgtu otmi cklnmfg ikiurmljml

Oisgjkl. sk`g
Oisgjkl. sk`gljjm
ljjm ckl
cklykbmb
ykbmbiml
iml lykr
lykrgg pmfm ikpm
ikpmam.
am. imrk
imrklm
lm glga
glgam`
m` pklfk
pklfkrgtm
rgtm
Mlkcgm skrglj ckljkau` smigt ikpmam.
0. Ik
Ikik
ikbm
bmam
aml
l tubu`
tubu` ckl
cklur
urul
ul
Ikikbmam
Ikikbmaml
l tubu
tubu`
` / sgst
sgstkc
kc pkrt
pkrtm`mlm
m`mlml
l tubu
tubu`
` tkr`
tkr`mfmp
mfmp pkly
pklymigt
migt cklurul fml
 bgmsmlym pklfkrgtm mlkcgm smljmt cufm` tkriklm pklymigt amgl skbmjmg migbmt
ckakcm`lym gcul tubu`.
7. Xksmi lm
lmpms
Tklfkrgtm Mlkcgm skrglj imag ckrmsm sksmi lmems fml ckrmsm tkrkljm`-kljm`
iktgim ckamiuiml mitgvgtms, `ma glg tkrnmfg imrklm iurmljlym oisgjkl fgfmamc

fmamc tubu`, migbmt iurmljlym ska fmrm` ckrm`.

Xkamgl
Xkamgl fmrg emit
emitor
or pkly
pklykbmb
kbmb mlkc
mlkcgm,
gm, pkly
pklymigt
migt iurm
iurmlj
lj fmrm
fmrm`
` nujm fgpk
fgpkljmru
ljmru`g
`g oak`
 bkbkrmpm emitor
emitor rksgio amgl skpkrtg
skpkrtg >
= Emitor fmrg ikturulml
2 iurmljlym msupml zmt jgzg

8  pklymigt fml jmljjuml

jmljjuml usus skrtm
skrtm opkrmsg ymlj bkrimgtml
bkrimgtml fkljml
fkljml usus ikhga.

6 Tklfmrm`ml Cklstrumsg ymlj bkrakbg`ml.

; Ik`mcgaml.

5  pklymigt irolgs
irolgs skpkrtg pklymigt
skpkrtg pklymigt imlikr 
imlikr  ,
 , fml jmjma jglnma

K. Iamsgegimsg Mlkcgm

=. Ml
Mlkcg
kcgmm fkeg
fkegsgk
sgklsg
lsg bks
bksgg (52,8
(52,8%)
%)

Mlkcgm nklgs glg bkrbkltui lorcosgtgi fml `gpoirocgi fg skbmbiml oak` iurmlj
jgzg (cmalutrgsg),
(cmalutrgsg), iurmlj zmt bksg fmamc fgkt, cmambsorpsg, ik`gamljml fmrm` ymlj
 bmlymi (pkrsmaglml
(pkrsmaglml ymlj amau,
amau, `mgf, faa)

2. Ml
Mlkcg
kcgmm ck
ckjma
jmaoba
obamst
mstgi
gi (27
(27,4%
,4%))

gg
 

Mlkcgm glg bkrbkltui cmirosgtgi, pklykbmblym mfmam` ikiurmljml msmc eoagi 

fml ikiurmljml vgtmcgl B=2 tktmpg nmrmlj tkrnmfg.

8. Ml
Mlkcg
kcgmm mlkcgm
mlkcgm `gp
`gpoba
obamst
mstgi
gi (0,4%
(0,4%))

Mlkcgm nklgs glg fg skbmbiml oak` `gpoeuljsg sucsuc tuamlj, ckcbkltui ska-

ska fmrm` ckrm` bmru. [ltui gtu fg pkrauiml pkckrgismml

pkckrgismml >

m) Fm
Fmrm
rm`
` tkp
tkpgg akl
aklji
jimp
mp

 b) Tkckrgismm
Tkckrgismml
l euljsg stkrlm

h) Tkc
Tkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml rktg
rktgiua
iuaosg
osgt,
t, faa
faa

6. Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm `kc
`kcoa
oagt
gtgi
gi (4,:
(4,:%)
%)

Mlkcgm
Mlkcgm nklg
nklgss glg fg skbm
skbmbiml
biml pklj`mlhurml/
pklj`mlhurml/pkck
pkckhm`m
hm`ml
l ska fmrm` lkrm
lkrm`
` ymlj

akbg` hkpmt fmrg pkcbumtmllym

pkcbumtmllym..

E. Cmhmc-cmhmc Mlkcgm
=. Tkck
Tkckrgis
rgismml
mml fml pkljmwms
pkljmwmsml
ml @b fmpmt fgamiuim
fgamiuiml
l fkljml ckljjul
ckljjulmiml
miml mamt
mamt
sm`ag. @msga pkckrgismml @b fkljml sm`ag fmpmt fgjoaoljiml skbmjmg bkrgiut>
m) Vgfmi
Vgfmi mlkcg
mlkcgmm fkljml
fkljml @b
@b akbg`
akbg` fmrg
fmrg ==
==jr%
jr%
 b) Mlkcgm rgljml
rgljml fkljml @b 7-=4jr%
7-=4jr%
h) Mlkcg
Mlkcgmm skfml
skfmlj
j fkljm
fkljml
l @b :-0
:-0jr%
jr%
f) Mlkc
Mlkcgm
gm bkrmt
bkrmt fkljm
fkljml
l @b iurm
iurmlj
lj fmrg
fmrg :jr%
:jr%
2. Bkr
Bkrfmsmr
fmsmriml
iml iamsgegi
iamsgegimsg
msg Z@O
Z@O imfmr `kcojao
`kcojaobgl
bgl pmfm wmlgtm
wmlgtm `mcga
`mcga fmpmt
fgbmjg 8 imtkjorg ymgtu (Cmlumbm, 2442)>
m) Mlk
Mlkcgm
cgm Rg
Rgljm
ljml
l > Imf
Imfmr
mr @b 7 ‘ == jr%
 b) Mlkcgm Xkfmlj
Xkfmlj > Imfmr @b : ‘ 0 jr%
h) Mlk
Mlkcgm
cgm Bk
Bkrmt
rmt > Imf
Imfmr
mr @b 1 : jr%

J. pkck
pkckrgi
rgism
smml
ml Tk
Tklu
luln
lnml
mlj
j
=. Tkc
Tkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml amb
amborm
ormtor
torguc
guc
m) Vks pklymrg
pklymrglj,
lj, tks glg fgikrnm
fgikrnmiml
iml pmfm tm`mp
tm`mp mwma pmfm sktgmp
sktgmp imsus
imsus
mlkcgm.
mlkcgm. Fklj
Fkljml
ml pkck
pkckrgis
rgismml
mml glg, fmpm
fmpmtt fgpm
fgpmstgi
stgiml
ml mfml
mfmlym
ym mlkc
mlkcgm
gm
tkrsk
tkrskbut
but.. Tkc
Tkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml glg ck
ckagp
agputg
utg pkl
pkljim
jimng
ngml
ml pmf
pmfmm ioc
iocpol
polkl-
kl-

gg
 

iocpolkl
iocpolkl bkrg
bkrgiut
iut glg> imfm
imfmrr `kco
`kcojaobg
jaobgl,
l, glfk
glfkis
is krgt
krgtrosg
rosgt,
t, (CH
(CHU
U,
CHU, Fml CH@H).
 b) Tkckrgismm
Tkckrgismml
l fmrm` skrg mlkcgm> `gtulj akuiosgt, trocbosgt,
trocbosgt, amnu klfmp
fmrm` (AKF), fml `gtulj rktgiuaosgt.
h) Tkck
Tkckrgis
rgismml
mml sucsuc
sucsuc tuamlj>
tuamlj> pkckrgismm
pkckrgismml
l glg ckcbkrgiml
ckcbkrgiml gleorcm
gleorcmsg
sg

ckljklmg ikmfmml systkc `kcmtopogksg

`kcmtopogksgs.
s.
f) Tkckrgismml mtms glfg fgi
imsg i`usus> pkckrgismml glg ultui 
ckljoceg
ckljocegrcms
rcmsgg fujm
fujmml
ml fgmj
fgmjlosg
losgss mwma ymlj ckc
ckcgagi
gagigg iocp
iocpolkl
olkl
 bkrgiut glg >
=) Mlk
lkc
cgm fkeg
fkegsg
sgkkls
lsgg bksg
bksg>> skr
kruc
uc grol
grol,, VGB
GBH
H, smtturm
sm rmsg
sg
trmlsekrrgl,, fml ekrrgtgl skruc.
trmlsekrrgl
2) Mlk
Mlkcgm
cgm ck
ckjma
jmaoba
obamst
mstgi>
gi> msm
msmc
c eoa
eoamt
mt fmr
fmrm`/
m`/kr
krtro
trosgt
sgt,, vgt
vgtmcg
mcgl
l
B=2.
8) Ml
Mlkc
kcgm
gm `k
`kco
coag
agtg
tgi>
i> `g
`gtu
tulj
lj rk
rktg
tgiu
iuao
aosg
sgt,
t, tk
tkss ho
hooc
ocbs
bs,, fm
fml
l

kakitroeorksgs @b.
6) Mlkcgm pmfm akuikucgm miut bgmsmlym fgamiuiml
 pkckrgismml
 pkckrgismml sgtoigcgm.
2. Tkc
Tkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml amb
amborm
ormtor
torgu
guc
c lol
lol`kc
`kcmto
mtoaog
aogs>
s> em
emma
ma jgl
jglnma
nma,, em
emma
ma klf
klfoir
oirgl,
gl, msm
msmc
c
urmt, emma `mtg, bgmiml iucml.
8. Rmfgoaojg > tormi, bolk survky,
survky, [XJ, mtmu
mtmu aglemljgojrmeg
aglemljgojrmeg
6. Tkck
Tkckrgism
rgismml
ml sgto
sgtojklkt
jklktgi 
gi 
;. Tkc
Tkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml bgo
bgoaoj
aojgg coa
coakiu
kiuak
akrr (TH
(THR
R 3 poa
poayck
yckrms
rmskk h`m
h`mgl
gl rm
rmhtg
htgol,
ol, EGX
EGX@
@ 3
eauorkshklhk gl sgtu `ybrgfgzmtg
`ybrgfgzmtgol)
ol)

@. Tklmtmamismlmml/Tklmljmlml
=. Tklmljmlml
m) Bg
Bgam
am Mlfm
Mlfm ckr
ckrmsm
msmiml
iml jknmam
jknmam mlkcgm
mlkcgm fg mt
mtms
ms fml ormlj-
ormlj-orm
ormlj
lj fg ski
skikag
kagag
aglj
lj
Mlfm ckag`mt Mlfm tmcpmi puhmt fml akam`, skjkrmam` bkriolsuatmsg fkljml
foitkr
foitkr.. Fo
Foitk
itkrr mim
miml
l ckl
cklmly
mlymim
miml
l ikb
ikbgms
gmsmm
mml
l cm
cmiml
iml Mlfm fml obm
obmtt yml
ymlj
j
skfmlj
skfmlj Mlf
Mlfmm cg
cgluc
luc.. Mlf
Mlfmm ama
amau
u mim
miml
l ck
cklfm
lfmpmt
pmtiml
iml pkc
pkckrg
krgism
ismml
ml eg
egsgi
sgi,,
 pkckrgismml fmrm` fml pkckrgismml pklulnmlj amgllym ultui cklkltuiml
mpmim` tkrfmpmt mlkcgm fml mpm pklykbmblym.

 b) Tklmljmlml mlkcgm tkrjmltulj pmfm pklykbmblym. Bgam pklykbmblym mfmam`

gg
 

ikiurm
ikiurmljm
ljml
l zmt bks
bksg,
g, foi
foitkr
tkr mim
miml
l ck
cklhm
lhmrg
rg tm
tm`u
`u fml ckl
ckljmt
jmtmsg
msg pkl
pklykb
ykbmb
mb
ikiurm
ikiurmljm
ljml
l tkr
tkrskb
skbut.
ut. Xup
Xupak
akckl
ckl zmt bks
bksgg fma
fmamc
mc bkl
bkltui
tui tm
tmbak
baktt mt
mtmu
mu sgr
sgrup
up
culjigl fgbkrgiml. (Bgam mlkcgm fgskbmbiml oak` cmsmam` pklykrmpml pmshm-
opkr
opkrms
msgg jmst
jmstrk
rkit
itoc
ocg,
g, pkcb
pkcbkr
krgm
gml
l supa
supakc
kckl
kl miml
miml fgbk
fgbkrg
rgim
iml
l skhm
skhmrm
rm
gltrmcusiuamrr mtmu gltrmvklma).
gltrmcusiuam

h) Tkcu
Tkcuag
ag`m
`ml
l bg
bgms
msml
mlym
ym bk
bkra
raml
mljs
jsul
uljj kl
klmc
mc `g`glj
ljjm
jm fk
fkam
ampm
pml
l cg
cglj
ljju
ju sk
sktk
tkam
am`
`
 pklmljmlml. Xktkam` mlkcgm tkrtmljmlg, Mlfm cmsg` miml tkrus cklkrgcm
msupml supakckl zmt bksg `gljjm bkbkrmpm buaml ultui cklnmjm iolfgsg. Vglnm
Vglnm
Mlfm miml bkrwmrlm `gtmc skamcm pkrmwmtml.
f) Bg
Bgam
am ml
mlkc
kcgm
gm fg
fgsk
skbm
bmbi
biml
ml pk
pkly
lymi
migt
gt tk
tkrt
rtkl
kltu
tu,, sm
smtu
tu-s
-smt
mtul
ulym
ym so
soau
ausg
sg mf
mfma
mam`
m`
cklykcbu`iml pklymigtlym.
k) Mlk
Mlkcg
cgmm iro
irolgs
lgs ymlj fgtmlfm
fgtmlfmgg fkl
fkljml
jml jknmam
jknmam pmr
pmrm`
m` skpkrtg
skpkrtg fklyut
fklyut nml
nmltu
tulj
lj
hkpmt, lmems tkrskljma fml pgljsml culjigl `mrus skjkrm fgtmljmlg fkljml
trmlseusg fmrm`.

2. Tklm
Tklmtm
tmam
amis
isml
mlmm
mml l
m) Ckl
Ckljmt
jmtmsg
msg pkl
pklykb
ykbmb
mb pkr
pkrfmr
fmrm`m
m`ml
l iro
irolg
lgi,
i, cg
cgsma
smalym
lym pmf
pmfmm mli
mligao
gaosto
stocg
cgmsg
msgss
fgbkrgiml mltkacgltgi ymlj sksumg.
 b) Tkcbkrgml prkpmrmt Ek> ekro suaemt 8 x 82; cj skhmrm orma fmamc ikmfmml
 pkrut iosolj, fmpmt fgcuamg fkljml fosgs ymlj rklfm` fml fglmgiiml
 bkrtm`mp. Tmfm pmsgkl
pmsgkl ymlj tgfmi
tgfmi iumt, fmpmt fgbkrgiml
fgbkrgiml bkrsmcm
bkrsmcm cmimlml.

Ekro jauiolmt 8 x 244 cj skhsrm orma sk`mbgs cmiml. Bgam tkrfmpmt gltoakrmlsg
tkr`mfmp pkcbkrgml prkpmrmt Ek orma mtmu jmljjuml pklhkrlmml sk`gljjm tgfmi fmpmt

fgbkrgiml orma, fmpmt fgbkrgiml skhmrm pkrkltkrma fkljml fosgs 2;4 cj Ek (8 cj/ij BB)
ultui tgmp j% pklurulml imfmr @b fgbmwm` lorcma.
Grol fkistrml ckljmlfulj Ek ;4 cj/ca, fgbkrgiml skhmrm gltrmcusiua
gltrmcusiuakr
kr cuam-cuam
;4 cj, ikcufgml =44-2;4 cj tgmp =-2 `mrg smcpmg fosgs totma sksumg pkr`gtuljml. Fmpmt
 puam fgbkrgiml gltrmvklm, cuam-cuam 4,; ca skbmjmg fosgs pkrhobmml. Bgam fmamc 8-;
cklgt tgfmi cklgcbuaiml rkmisg, boak` fgbkrgiml 2;4-;44 cj.

gg
 

Msu`ml Ikpkrmwmtml

M. Tkljimngml

Tkljimngm
Tkljim ngml
l mfm
mfmam`
am` aml
amljim
jim`
` mwmwma
ma fml fms
fmsmr
mr fma
fmamc
mc pro
prosks
sks ikp
ikpkr
krmwm
mwmtm
tml
l skh
skhmrm
mrm
cklykauru(Bokfg`mrtolo
cklykauru (Bokfg`mrtolo,, =776).
Tkljimngml pmsgkl fkljml mlkcgm (Fokljks, =777) ckagputg >

=) Mi
Mitg
tgvg
vgtm
tmss / gstgr
gstgrm`
m`mt
mt

Jknmam > ikak

Jknmam ikaktg`m
tg`ml,
l, ikak
ikakcm`m
cm`ml, l, cmam
cmamgsk
gsk ucuc
ucuc.. Ik`g
Ik`gamljm
amljmll prof
profuitg
uitgvgtm
vgtmss 9
 pklurulml skcmljmt ultui bkikrnm. Voakrmlsg tkr`mfmp amtg`ml rklfm`.
Ikbutu`ml ultui tgfur fml gstgrm`mt akbg` bmlymi.
Vmlf
mlfmm > tm
tmigi
igimr
mrfgm
fgm// tm
tmigp
igplmk
lmk 9 fgsfgsplk
plkmm pmf
pmfmm wmi
wmitu
tu bki
bkikrn
krnmm mt
mtmu
mu gst
gstgr
grm`m
m`mt.
t.
Aktmr
Aktmrjg,
jg, ck
cklmr
lmrgi
gi fgr
fgrg,
g, mpm
mpmtgs
tgs,, aks
aksu,
u, fml iur
iurmlj
mlj tk
tkrtm
rtmrgi
rgi pmf
pmfmm sk
skigt
igtmrl
mrlym.
ym.
Ikakcm`ml otot, fml pklurulml ikiumtml. Mtmisgm, tubu` tgfmi tkjmi. Bm`u
cklu
ck luru
rul,
l, po
post
stur
ur au aulj
ljam
amg,
g, bkbkrn
rnma
maml
ml amamcb
cbmt
mt,, fm
fml
l tmtmlf
lfm-
m-tm
tmlf
lfmm am
amgl
gl ym ymlj
lj
cklulunuiiml ikaktg`ml.

2) Xgriuamsg

Jknmam > rgwmymt ik`gamljml fmrm` irolgi, cgsmalym pkrfmrm`ml JG irolgs,

cklstrumsg bkrmt (FB), mljglm, H@E (migbmt ikrnm nmltulj bkrakbg`ml). Rgwmymt
klfoimrfgtgs glekitge irolgs. Tmapgtmsg (tmigimrfgm iocpklsmsg).
Vmlfm > VF > pklgljimtml sgstoagi fkljml fgmstoagi stmbga fml tkimlml lmfg
ckakbmr,, `gpotklsg posturma. Fgsrgtcgm > mblorcmagtms KIJ, fkprksg skjckl XV
ckakbmr
fml pklfmtmrml mtmu fkprksg jkaocbmlj V9 V9 tmigimrfgm. Bulyg nmltulj > curcur 
sgstoagi (FB). Kistrkcgtms (wmrlm) > puhmt pmfm iuagt fml ckcbrmlk cuiosm
(iolnultgvm, cuaut, emrglj, bgbgr) fml fmsmr iuiu. (hmtmtml> pmfm pmsgkl iuagt
`gtmc, puhmt fmpmt tmcpmi skbmjmg ikmbu-mbuml). Iuagt skpkrtg bkragagl, puhmt
(mpamstgi, MT) mtmu iulglj akcol tkrmlj (MT). Xiakrm > bgru mtmu putg` skpkrtg
cutgmrm (FB). Tkljgsgml impgakr ckamcbmt (pklurulml magrml fmrm` ik impgakr 
fml vmsoioltrgisg iocpklsmsg) iuiu > cufm` pmtm`, bkrbkltui skpkrtg sklfoi 
(ioga
(io gaolg
olgigm
igm)) (FB
(FB).
). Rm
Rmcb
cbut
ut > ikr
ikrglj
glj,, cuf
cufm`
m` put
putus,
us, ck
cklgp
lgpgs,
gs, tu
tucbu
cbu`
` ubm
ubml
l
skhmrm prkcmturk (MT).

8) Gl
Gltk
tkjr
jrgt
gtms
ms kj
kjo
o

Jknmam > iky

Jknmam ikymig
miglml
lmlml
ml mjm
mjmcm/
cm/buf
bufmym
mym ckc
ckcpkl
pkljmr
jmru`g
u`g pga
pgag`m
g`ml
l pkl
pkljob
jobmtm
mtml,
l,
cgsmalym pkloamiml trmlseusg fmrm`.
Vmlfm > fkprksg.

gg
 

6) Kakcglmsg

Jknmam > rgwm

Jknmam rgwmymt
ymt pgka
pgkaolker
olkergtgs
gtgs,, jmjma jgln
jglnma.
ma. Eamt
Eamtuakl
uakl,, sglfroc
sglfroc cmam
cmambsorp
bsorpsg
sg
(FB). @kcmtkcksgs, eksks fkljml fmrm` skjmr, ckaklm. Fgmrk mtmu iolstgpmsg.
Tklurulml `maumrml urglk.
Vmlfm > fgstklsg mbfockl.

;) Cm
Cmim
imlm
lml/
l/hm
hmgr
grml
ml

Jkn
knma
mamm > pkl klur
urul
ulmml cmsusuim
iml
l fgfgkkt, cmsusui
iml fgkt pro rottkg
kgl
l `kw kwmmlg
rklfm`/cmsuiml profui skrkma tgljjg (FB). Lykrg cuaut mtmu agfm`, iksuagtml
cklkaml
cklk aml (uai
(uaius
us pmfm emrg
emrglj).
lj). Cuma
Cuma/cul
/cultm`,
tm`, fyspk
fyspkpsgm
psgm,, mlor
mlorkisg
kisgm.m. Mfml
Mfmlymym
 pklurulml bkrmt bmfml. Vgfmi pkrlm` pums ckljulym` mtmu pkim tkr`mfmp ks,
iotorml, tkpulj nmjulj, hmt, tmlm` agmt, fml skbmjmglym (FB).
Vmlf
mlfmm > agf
agfm`
m` tmc
tmcpmi
pmi ckr
ckrm`
m` fmj
fmjglj
glj/`m
/`maus
aus (MT
(MT99 fke
fkegsg
gsgkls
klsgg msm
msmcc eoa
eoamt
mt fml
vgtmcgl B=2). Ckcbrmlk cuiosm ikrglj, puhmt. Vurjor iuagt > burui, ikrglj,
tmcpmi igsut/`gamlj kamstgsgtms (FB). Xtocmtgtgs fml jaosgtgs (stmtus fkegsgklsg).
Bgbgr > skagtgs, cgsmalym gleamcmsg bgbgr fkljml sufut cuaut pkhm`. (FB).

5) Lk
Lkur
uros
oskl
klso
sorg
rg

Jknmam > smigt ikpmam, bkrfklyut, pusglj, vkrtgjo, tgllgtus, iktgfmi cmcpuml
 bkriolskltrmsg. Glsoclgm, pklurulml pkljag`mtml, fml bmymljml pmfm cmtm.
 bkriolskltrmsg.
Ikakcm`ml, ikskgcbmljml burui, imig joym` 9 pmrkstksgm tmljml/imig (MT) 9
iamufgimsg. Xklsmsg cmlnmfg fgljgl.
Vmlfm > pkim rmljsmlj, jkagsm`, fkprksg hklfkrulj tgfur, mpmtgs. Ckltma > tmi 
cmcpu bkrkspols, amcbmt fml fmljima. Oetmacgi > `kcormjgs rktglm (mpamstgi,
MT).
MT ). Kp
Kpgt
gtmi
misg
sgss > pk
pkrf
rfmr
mrm`
m`ml
ml fmfmrg
rg au
aubm
bmlj
lj-a
-aub
ubml
mljj (m(mpa
pams
mstg
tgi)
i).. Jm
Jmlj
ljju
juml
ml
ioorfglmsg, mtmisgm, pklurulml rmsm jktmr, fml posgsg, tmlfm Rocbkrj posgtge,
 pmrmaysgs (MT).
(MT).

:) Ly
Lykr
krg/
g/ik
ikly
lymc
mcml
mlml
ml

Jknmam > lykrg mbfockl smcmrm > smigt ikpmam (FB)

0) Tk
Tkrl
rlmmpm
pmsm
sml
l

Jknmam > rgwmymt VB, mbsks pmru. Lmpms pklfki pmfm gstgrm`mt fml mitgvgtms.
Vmlfm > tmigplkm, ortoplkm, fml fgsplkm.

7) Ikmcmlml

Jknmam > rgwmymt pkikrnmml tkrpmnml tkr`mfmp bm`ml igcgm,. Rgwmymt tkrpmnml
 pmfm rmfgmsg9 bmgi tkr`mfmp pkljobmtml mtmu ikhkakimml. Rgwmymt imlikr
imlikr,,
tkrmpg
tkrmpg iml
imlikr
ikr.. Vg
Vgfmi
fmi toa
toakrm
krml
l tk
tkr`m
r`mfmp
fmp fgl
fgljgl
jgl fml pml
pmlms.
ms. Vrml
rmlseu
seusg
sg fmr
fmrm`
m`
skbkauclym. Jmljjuml pkljag`mtml, pklykcbu`ml auim burui, skrglj glekisg.
Vmlfm > fkcmc rklfm`, ckljjgjga, bkrikrgljmt cmamc, agcemfklopmtg ucuc.
Ttkigk fml kigcosgs (mpamstgi).

=4) Xkisu
Xkisumagt
magtms
ms

gg
 

Jknmam > pkrubm`ml magrml cklstrumsg

cklstrumsg,, cgsmalym cklormjgm mtmu mcklork (FB).
@gamlj agbgfo (prgm fml wmlgtm). Gcppotkl.
Vmlfm > skrvgis fml fglfglj vmjglm puhmt.

B.  Fgmjlosm Ikpkrmwmtml

=. Rgsgio
Rgsgio tgljjg
tgljjg tkr`mfmp
tkr`mfmp glekisg
glekisg bkr`ubuljm
bkr`ubuljmll fkljml tgfmi
tgfmi mfkiumtlym
mfkiumtlym pkrtm`mlml
pkrtm`mlml
skiulf
ski ulfkr
kr (pk
(pklur
lurulm
ulml
l `kc`kcoja
ojaobg
obgl
l ak
akuho
uhopkl
pklgm,
gm, mtm
mtmu
u pkl
pkluru
urulml
lml jrm
jrmlua
luaosg
osgtt
(rkspols gleamcmsg tkrtkiml).

2. Tkrubm`m
Tkrubm`mll lutrgsg
lutrgsg iurmlj fmrg
fmrg ikbutu`ml
ikbutu`ml tubu`
tubu` bkr`ubuljml
bkr`ubuljml fkljml
fkljml ikjmjmam
ikjmjmaml
l
ultui cklhkrlm mtmu iktgfmi cmcpuml cklhkrlm cmimlml /mbsorpsg lutrgklt
ymlj fgpkrauiml ultui pkcbkltuiml ska fmrm` ckrm`.

8. Gltoak
Gltoakrml
rmlsg
sg mit
mitgvg
gvgtms
tms bkr
bkr`ub
`ubulj
uljml
ml fkl
fkljml
jml ikt
iktgfm
gfmisk
iskgc
gcbml
bmljml
jml mlt
mltmrm
mrm sup
supamg
amg
oisgjkl (pkljgrgcml) fml ikbutu`ml.

6. Tkrubm`m
Tkrubm`mll pkreusg nmrglj
nmrgljml
ml bkr`ubuljml
bkr`ubuljml fkljml
fkljml pklurulml
pklurulml iocpolk
iocpolkl
l skauakr 
ymlj fgpkrauiml ultui pkljgrgcml oisgjkl/lutrgklt ik ska.

;. Rgs
Rgsgio
gio tgljjg
tgljjg tkr`mfmp
tkr`mfmp ikrusmiml
ikrusmiml gltkjrgt
gltkjrgtms
ms iuagt bkr`ubul
bkr`ubuljml
jml fkljml
fkljml pkrubm`ml
pkrubm`ml

sgriuamsg fml lkuroaojgst.

5. Iolstgpm
Iolstgpmsg
sg mtmu Fgmrk
Fgmrk bkr`ubuljm
bkr`ubuljmll fkljml pklurul
pklurulml
ml cmsuiml
cmsuiml fgkt9 pkrubm`
pkrubm`ml
ml
 prosks pklhkrlmml9
pklhkrlmml9 keki smcpglj
smcpglj tkrmpg obmt.
obmt.

:. Iurml
Iurmlj j pkl
pkljkt
jktm`u
m`uml
ml sk`
sk`ubu
ubuljm
ljml
l fkl
fkljml
jml iur
iurmlj
mlj tkr
tkrpmn
pmnml/
ml/ckl
ckljgl
jgljmt
jmt 9 sma
smam`
m`
gltkrprktmsg gleorcmsg 9 tgfmi ckljklma sucbkr gleorcmsg.

H. Gltkrvklsg/Gcpakckltmsgg ikpkrmwmtml
Gltkrvklsg/Gcpakckltms

=) Rgsg
Rgsgio
io tg
tglj
ljjg
jg tk
tkr`
r`mf
mfmp
mp glglek
ekis
isgg bk
bkr`
r`ub
ubul
uljm
jml
l fk
fklj
ljml
ml tg
tgfm
fmi
i mf
mfki
kium
umtl
tlym
ym
 pkrtm`mlml skiulfkr (pklurulml `kcojaobgl akuhopklgm, mtmu pklurulml
jrmluaosgt (rkspols gleamcmsg tkrtkiml)).
Vunuml > Glekisg tgfmi tkrnmfg.
Irgtkrgm `msga >

 ckljgfklt
ckljgf kltge
gegim
gimsg
sg pkr
pkrgam
gamiu
iu ult
ultui
ui ck
cklhk
lhkjm`
jm`/c
/cklu
klurul
ruliml
iml rg
rgsgi
sgio
o
glekisg.

 cklgljimtiml
cklgljimt iml pkly
pklykcbu
kcbu`ml
`ml auim
auim,, bkbm
bkbmss frmg
frmglmsk
lmsk purua
puruakl
kl mtmu
krgtkcm, fml fkcmc.

gg
 

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

 Vgljimtiml huhg tmljml ymlj bmgi > Cklhkjm` ioltmcglmsg

oak` pkcbkrg pkrmwmtml fml pmsgkl sgmlj/ioaolgsmsg
sgmlj/ioaolg smsg bmhtkrgma
bmhtkrgma,hmtmtml
,hmtmtml >
 pmsgkl fkljml mlkcgm
 Tkrtm`mli
Tkrtm`mliml
ml tk
tkilg
ilgi
i msk
mskptg
ptghh ikt
iktmt
mt  bkrmt/mpamstgi
 bkrmt/mpamstgi fmpmt bkrgsgio migbmt
 pmfm proskfur/pkrmwmtml
proskfur/pkrmwmtml auim
auim eaorm lorcma iuagt.

 Bkrgiml
Bkrgiml pkr
pkrmw
mwmtm
mtml
l iua
iuagt,
gt,pkr
pkrgml
gmlma
ma   Ckluruliml rksgio
fml orma fkljml hkrcmt. ioaolgsmsg/glekisg bmitkrg.

 Cotgvmsg pkrubm`ml posgsg/mc

posgsg/mcbuamsg
buamsg   Ckluru
Cklu ruli
liml
ml rkrksg
sgio
io ik ikru
rusm
smim
iml
l
ymlj
ymlj skskrg
rglj
lj,, am
amtg
tg`m
`ml
l bm
bmtu
tui
i fm
fml
l iuagt/nmrgljml fml glekisg.
lmpms fmamc.
  Cklglj
Cklgljim
imti
timl
ml vkltga
vkltgams
msgg sk
skcu
cumm
 Vglj
ljim
imttim
iml
l cms
msui
uii
iml hmg
mgrm
rml
l skjckl pmru fml ckcbmltu
mfkiumt.
ckcobgagsmplkucolgm.
cklhkjm` sg skirksg ultui 
 Tmltmu/bmtmsg
Tmltmu/bm tmsg pklj
pkljulnul
ulnulj
j bkrg
bkrgiml
iml
gsoamsg bgam ckculjigliml.   Ckcbml
Ckcb mltu
tu fm fmam
amcc pk pklj
ljkl
klhk
hkrm
rml
l
skhrkt pkrlmpmsml ultui  
 Tmltmu
Tmltmu susu`u
`u tu
tubu
bu`,
`,hm
hmtm
tmtt mfml
mfmlym
ym ckcp
ck cpkrkrcf
cfm`
m` pk pklj
ljka
kaum
umrm
rml
l fmfml
l
ckljjg
ckl jjgjga
jga fml tm
tmigi
igimrf
mrfgm
gm fkl
fkljml
jml ckl
klhk
hkjm
jm`
` st stms
msgs
gs hmhmgr
grml
ml tutubu
bu`
`
mtmu tmlpm fkcmc. cgsmalym pkrlmpmsml fml jglnma.

 Mcmtg krgtkcm hmgrml auim   Ckcbmtmsg pkcmnmlml pmfm bmitkrg

glek
ekis
isgg pkra
pkragglf
lfu
ulj
ljmml gso
soaamsg
 Mcbga spkhgckl ultui   fgbutu`iml pmfm mlkcgm
iuatur
iuatur/sk
/sklsg
lsgvg
vgtms
tms sks
sksumg
umg glfgi
glfgimsg
msg mpamstgi
mpam stgi,bgam
,bgam rksp
rkspols
ols gcu
gcul
l smlj
smljmtmt
( ioambormsg ) tkrjmljju.
 Bkrgiml mltgskptgh topghma >   Mfmlymm pro
Mfmly prosks
sks gl
gleam
eamcs
csg/g
g/glek
lekisg
isg
mltgbgotgh sgstkcgh ( ioambormsg ) ckcbutu`iml
kvmaumsg/pkljobmtml.

  Glfgimtorr glek
Glfgimto glekisg
isg aoim
aoima.a. Hmtm
Hmtmtml
tml >
 pkcbkltuiml pus culjigl tgfmi 
mfm bgam jrmluaosgt tkrtkiml.

  Ckcbkfm`iml mfmlym
glekisg.ckljgfkltgegimsg
glekisg.ckljgfkltgegimsg pmt`ojkl
i`usus fml ckcpkljmru`g puag`ml
 pkljobmtml.

gg
 

  Culjigl fgjulmiml skhmrm

 propgamitgi
 propgamitgi ultui ckluruliml
ioaolgsm
ioaolgsmsg
sg mtmu ultu
ultui i pkljo
pkljobmtm
bmtml
l
 proosks glekisg
glekisg aohma.

2) Tkrubm`ml lutrgsg iurmlj fmrg ikbutu`ml tubu` bkr`ubuljml fkljml ikjmjmaml ultui 
cklh
ck lhkr
krlm
lm mt
mtmu
mu ik
iktg
tgfm
fmi
i cm
cmcp
cpumuml
l ck
cklh
lhkr
krlm
lm cm
cmim
imlm
lml
l /m
/mbs
bsor
orps
psgg lu
lutr
trgk
gklt
lt ym
ymlj
lj
fgpkrauiml ultui pkcbkltuiml ska fmrm` ckrm`.

Vunuml > ikbutu`ml lutrgsg tkrpklu`g

Irgtkrgm `msga >

ºcklulunuiiml pklgljimtml/ckcpkrtm`mli
pklgljimtml/ckcpkrtm`mliml
ml bkrmt bmfml fkljml lgamg ambormtorguc
lorcma.

ºtgfmi ckljmamcg tmlfm cma lutrgsg.

ºCklululn
ºCklululnuii
uiiml
ml pkr
pkrgam
gamiu,
iu, pkr
pkrubm
ubm`ml
`ml poa
poamm `gf
`gfup
up ult
ultui
ui ck
cklgl
lgljim
jimtim
timl
l fml mtm
mtmu
u
ckcpkrtm`mliml
ckcpkrtm`ml iml bkrmt bmfml ymlj sksumg.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

ºImng rgw
ºImng rgwmym
mymtt lut
lutrgs
rgsg,
g, tkr
tkrcm
cmsui
sui cmi
cmiml
ml ºckljgfkltgegimsg fkegsgklsg
ºckljgfkltgegimsg fkegsgklsg,, ckljmwmsg
ymlj fgsuimg. cmsuiiml imaorg mtmu iumagtms
ikiurmljml iolsucsg cmimlml.
ºObskrvmsg fml hmtmt cmsuiiml cmimlml ckcufm`iml gltkrvklsg
 pmsgkl.
ºckljmwmsg pklurulml bkrmt bmfml mtmu
ºVgcbmlj bkrmt bmfml sktgmp `mrg kekitgvgtms gltkrvklsg lutrgsg.

ºBkrgiml cmiml skfgigt fkljml erkiuklsg ºckluruliml

ºckluruli ml ikak
ikakcm`m
cm`ml,
l, cklg
cklgljimt
ljimtiml
iml
skrglj fml mtmu cmiml fgmltmrm wmitu  pkcmsuiiml fml cklhkjm` fgstklsg
cmiml. jmstkr.

ºObskrvmsg fml hmtmt iknmfgml ºjkn

ºjknma
mamm JG fmfmpm
pmtt ck
cklu
luln
lnui
uiim
imll keki 
keki 
cuma/cu
cuma /cultm`,
ltm`, eamtus fml fml jknm
jknmam
am mlkcgm (`gpoisgm) pmfm orjml.
amgl ymlj bkr`ubuljml
ºcklgljimtiml lmesu cmiml fml
ºBkrgiml fml Bmltu `yjgklk cuaut ymlj  pkcmsuiiml orma. Ckluruliml
 bmgi 9 skbkauc fml sksufm` cmiml,  pkrtucbu`ml bmitkrg, ckcglgcma
ckcglgcmaimliml
julm
ju lmim
iml
l sg
sgi
imt jgjgjg
jg `m
`mau
auss ul
ulttui  ikculjiglml glekisg. Vkilgi 
 pklygimtml ymlj akcbut. Bkrgiml  pkrmwmtml cuaut i`usus culjigl
 pklhuhg cuaut ymlj fg klhkriml bgam fgpkrauiml bgam nmrgljml
cuiosm orma auim. rmpu
rmpu`/
`/au
auim
im/p
/pkr
krfm
fmrm
rm`m
`mll fml
fml lykr
lykrgg

gg
 

ºIoambormsg pmfm m`ag jgzg ultui rklhmlm  bkrmt.

fgkt.
ºckc
ºckcbm
bmlt
ltu
u fm
fmam
amc
c rk
rklh
lhml
mlmm fg
fgkt
kt ul
ultu
tui 
i 
ºIoambormsg
ºIoambormsg 9 pmlt
pmltmu
mu `msg
`msgaa pkck
pkckrgis
rgismml
mml ckcklu`g ikbutu`ml glfgvgfuma.
ambormturguc.
ºckl
ºcklgl
glji
jimt
mtmi
miml
ml keki
kekitg
tgvg
vgtm
tmss proj
projrm
rmc
c
ºIoambormsg 9 bkrgiml obmt sksumg glfgimsg  pkljobmtml, tkrcmsui sucbkr fgkt
lutrgsg ymlj fgbutu`iml.
ºikbutu`ml pkljjmltgml tkrjmltulj pmfm
tgpk mlkcgm fml mtmu mfmlyml
cmsuiiml orma ymlj burui fml
fkegsgklsg ymlj fggfkltgegim
fggfkltgegimsg.
sg.

8) Gltoakrmlsg mitgvgtms bkr`ubuljml fkljml iktgfmiskgc

iktgfmiskgcbmljml
bmljml mltmrm supamg oisgjkl
(pkljgrgcml)
(pkljgrgcm l) fml ikbutu`ml.
Vunuml > fmpmt ckcpkrtm`mliml/cklgljimtiml mcbuamsg/mitgvgtms.
Irgtkrgm `msga >

ºckamporiml pklgljimtml toakrmlsg mitgvgtms (tkrcmsui mitgvgtms sk`mrg-`mrg)

ºcklulnuiiml pklurulml tmlfm gltoakrmsg egsgoaojgs, cgsmalym lmfg, pkrlmpmsml, fml

tkimlml fmrm` cmsg` fmamc rkltmlj lorcma.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

ºImng ikcmcpuml MFA pmsgkl. ºmckcpkljmru`g

ºmckcpkljmru`g pgag`ml gltkrvklsg/b
gltkrvklsg/bmltuml.
mltuml.

ºImng ik`gamljml mtmu jmljjuml ºckl

ºcklulnui
ulnuiiml
iml pkru
pkrubm`m
bm`ml
l lkuro
lkuroaojy
aojy imrk
imrklm
lm
ikskgcbmljml,, jmym nmaml fml ikakcm`ml fke
ikskgcbmljml fkegsg
gsgkls
klsgg vgt
vgtmc
mcgl
gl B=2 ck ckcpk
cpkljm
ljmru`
ru`gg
otot. ikmcmlml pmsgkl/rgsgio hkfkrm.

ºObskrvms
ºObskr vmsgg tm
tmlfm
lfm-tm
-tmlfm
lfm vg
vgtma
tma sk
skbka
bkauc
uc fml ºcºcml
mlge
geks
kstm
tmsg
sg im
imrf
rfgo
gopu
puac
acol
olma
ma fm
fmrg
rg upupmy
mymm
sksufm` mitgvgtms.  nmltulj fml pmru ultui ckcbmwm nucam`
oisgjkl mfkiumt ik nmrgljml.
ºBkrgim
iml
l agljiuljml tklmlj, bmtmsg
 pkljulnulj, fml iurmljg sumrm bgsglj, ºckl ºcklglji
gljimtim
mtiml
l gstg
gstgrm`mt
rm`mt ultu
ultui
i ckl
ckluruli
uruliml
ml
 pkrtm`mliml tgrm` bmrglj bgam fg ikbutu`ml oisgjkl tubu` fml ckluruliml
glfgimsgiml. rkjmljml nmltulj fml pmru.

ºJu
Julm
lmim
imll tki
kilg
lgii cklklj`
j`kc
kcmtmt klkr
klkrjjg, ºc
ºcklg
klglji
ljimti
mtiml
ml mit
mitgvg
gvgtm
tmss sk
skhmr
hmrmm bkr
bkrtm`
tm`mp
mp
mlnu
mlnuri
riml
ml pm
pmsg
sgkl
kl gs
gstg
tgrm
rm`m
`mtt bg
bgam
am tk
tkrn
rnmf
mfgg smc
smcpmg
pmg lor
lorcma
cma fml ck ckcp
cpkrb
krbmgi
mgigg to
tolus
lus
ikak
ikakam
am`m
`mll fmfmll ik
ikak
akccm`
m`ml
ml,, mlmlnu
nuri
riml
ml otot/stmcglm tmlpm ikakcm`ml.
 pmsgkl ckamiuiml mitgvgtms skcmcpulym Ckgljimtiml `mrjm fgrg fml rmsm

(tmlpm ckcmismiml fgrg). tkrioltroa.

gg
 

6) Tkrubm`ml pkreusg nmrgljml bkr`ubuljml fkljml pklurulml iocpolkl skauakr ymlj

fgpkrauiml ultui pkljgrgcml oisgjkl/lutrgklt ik ska.
Vunuml
Vunum l > pklgljimtml pkreusg nmrgljml
Irgtkrgm `msga > - cklulnuiiml pkreusg mfkiumt, cgsmalym tmlfm vgtma stmbga.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

º Mwm
wmsgsg tmlf
tmlfmm vg
vgtm
tmaa im
imng
ng pklj
pkljgs
gsgm
gml
lº ckcbkrgiml gleorcmsg tkltmlj
impgakr
impgakr,, wmrl
wmrlmm iuag
iuagt/ck
t/ckcbrm
cbrmlk
lk cuio
cuiosm,
sm, fkrmnmt/ikmfkiumtml pkreusg nmrgljml fml
fmsmr iuiu. ckcbmltu cklktuiml ikbutu`m
`ml
l
gltkrvklsg.
º Vgljjgiml
Vgljjgi ml ikpma
ikpmamm tkcp
tkcpmt
mt tgfu
tgfurr sksumg
sksumg
toakrmlsg. º cklgljimtiml kispmlsg pmru fml
ckc
kcmmis
isgc
gcmmaim
imll oisg
oi sgj
jkl
klms
msgg ult
ltui 
ui 
º Mwmsg upmy
upmymm pkrl
pkrlmpmsm
mpmsml
l 9 musi
musiuatm
uatmsg
sg ikbutu`ml skauakr. Hmtmtml >
 bulyg lmpms pkr`mtgiml bulyg ioltrmglfgimsg
ioltrmglfgim sg bgam mfm `gpotklsg.
mfvkltgsgus.
º fgsplk
fgsplkm,
m, jkck
jk ckrgrghg
hgi
i cklu
ck lulu
luln
lnui
uiim
iml
l
º Xkagfgig ikau`ml lykrg fmfm/pmapgt
fmfm/pmapgtmsg.
msg. jmlj
jmljju
juml
ml nm
nmnl
nltu
tulj
lj imimrk
rklm
lm rk
rkjm
jmlj
ljml
ml
 nmltulj amcm/pklg
amcm/pklgljimtml
ljimtml iocpklsmsg
º @glfmrg pkljjulmml botoa pklj`mljmt hurm` nmltulj.
mtmu botoa mgr pmlms. [iur su`u mgr cmlfg
fkljml t`krcocktkr. º gsikcgm skau
gsikcgm skauakr
akr ckcp
ckcpkljm
kljmru`g
ru`g nmrg
nmrgljml
ljml
cgoimrfgma/ potklsgma rgsgio glemri.
º Ioambormsg pkljmwmsml `msga

 pkckrgismml
fmrm
fmrm`
` ckckrm ` ambormturg
rm` ambormturguc.
aklj
akljim uc.
imp/
p/pm
pmhiBkrgiml
hikf
kf prprofska
ui º
ofui  tkrcorks
tkrcorkskpto
kptorr nmrgljm
nmrgljml
l fkrcma
fkrcma fmlji
fmljima
ma
imrklm jmljjuml oisgjkl.
fmrm` sksumg glfgimsg.
º ckljgfkltgegimsg fkegsgklsg fml
º Bkrg
Bk rgim
imll oi
oisg
sgjk
jkll tm
tmcb
cbm`
m`ml
ml sksu
sksumg
mg ikbutu`ml pkljobmtml /rkspols tkr`mfmp
glfgimsg. tkrmpg.

º ckcmisgc
ckcmi sgcma
maiml
iml trmlspo
trmlsport
rt ois
oisgjk
gjkl
l ik
 nmrgljml.

gg
 

;) Rgsgio tgljjg
Rgsgio tgljjg tkr`mfm
tkr`mfmp
p ikrusmiml
ikrusmiml gltkj
gltkjrgtm
rgtmss iuagt bkr`u
bkr`ubuljm
buljml
l fkljml
fkljml pkrubm`ml
pkrubm`ml
sgriuamsg fml lkuroaojgst.
Vunuml > fmpmt ckcpkrtm`mliml gltkjrgtms iuagt.
Irgtkrgm `msga > ckljgfkltg
ckljgfkltgegimsg
egimsg emhtor rgsgio/pkrgamiu glfgvgfu ultui cklhkjm` hkfkrm
fkrcma.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

º Imng gltk
gltkjrgt
jrgtms
ms iuag
iuagt,
t, hmtm
hmtmtt pkru
pkrubm`m
bm`ml
lº iolfgsg iuagt fgpkljmru`g oak` sgriuamsg,
 pmfm turjor
turjor,, jmljjuml wmrlm, `mljmt lutrg
lutrgsg
sg fml gcgcobg
obgag
agsms
smsg.
g. Nmr
Nmrglj
gljml
ml fmp
fmpmt
mt
aohma, krgtkcm, kisiorgmsg. ckln
ck lnmf
mfgg rm
rmpu
pu`
` fmfmll hkhklf
lfkr
krul
uljj ul
ultu
tui 
i 
glekisg fml rusmi.
º  pkrcuimml
Rkpo
Rkposg
sgsg
sg tuamlj
skhm
sk hmrm
rm mpmbgam
pkrg
pkrgof
ofgh
ghpmsgkl
fml
fm l tgfmi 
pgnm
pgnmtt º cklgljimtiml sgriuamsg ikskcum iuagt,
 bkrjkrmi mtmu
mtmu fgtkcpmt tgfur
tgfur.. ckcbmtmsg gsikcgm
 nmrgljml/ckcpkljmru`g
 nmrgljml/ckcpkljmru`g `gpoisgm
`gpoisgm skauakr.
skauakr.
º Mlnuriml pkcu
Mlnuriml pkcuimml
imml iuag
iuagtt ikrg
ikrglj
lj fml
 bkrsg`. Bmtmsg
Bmtmsg pkljjulmml smbul.
smbul. º mrkm akcbmb, tkrioltmcglmsg,
ckcb
ck cbkr
krgi
giml
ml ck
ckfg
fgmm ym
ymlj
lj sm
smlj
ljmtmt bm
bmgi 
gi 
º Bmltu ultui amtg`ml rkltmlj jkrmi. ultui pkrtucbu`ml orjmlgsck pmtojklgi.
Xmbul fmpmt cklj
ckljkrgl
krgljiml
jiml iuag
iuagtt skhm
skhmrm
rm
º Julmiml mamt pkaglfulj, cgsmalym iuagt  bkrakbg`ml.
focbm, ikrmlnmlj, imsur tkimlml
ufmrm/mgr. Tkaglfulj tucgt/sgiu fml bmltma º cklglj
cklgljim
imti
timl
ml sgri
sgriua
uams
msgg nmrg
nmrglj
ljml
ml,,
sksumg glfgimsg. (ioambormsg) cklhkjm` stmsgs.

º cklj`glf
cklj`glfmrg
mrg ikr
ikrusm
usmiml
iml iua
iuagt
gt fkl
fkljml
jml
cklhkjm` /ckluruliml tkimlml tkr`mfmp
 pkrcuimml iuagt.
iuagt.

gg
 

5) Iolstgpmsg
Iolstgpm sg mtmu
mtmu Fgmrk
Fgmrk bkr`ubulj
bkr`ubuljml
ml fkljml
fkljml pklurulml
pklurulml cmsuim
cmsuimll fgkt9 pkrub
pkrubm`ml
m`ml
 prosks pklhkrlmml9
pklhkrlmml9 keki smcpglj
smcpglj tkrmpg obmt.
obmt.
Vunuml > ckcbumt/ikcbmag poam lorcma fmrg euljsg usus.
Irgtkrgm `msga > cklulnuiiml pkrubm`ml pkrgamiu/poam `gfup, ymlj fgpkrauiml skbmjmg
 pklykbmb, emhtor
emhtor pkcbkrmt.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

gg
 

º Obskrvmsg
Obskrv msg wm
wmrlm
rlm eks
eksks,
ks, iol
iolsgs
sgstk
tklsg
lsg,, º ckckcbm
cbmltu
ltu ck
ckljg
ljgfkl
fkltg
tgeg
egims
imsgg pkl
pklykb
ykbmb
mb
erkiuklsg fml nucam`. /emhtor pkcbkrmt fml gltkrvklsg ymlj tkpmt.

º Musiuatmsg bulyg usus. º bulyg usus skhmrm ucuc cklgljimt pmfm

fgmrk fml cklurul pmfm iolstgpmsg.
º Mwmsg gltmik fml output (cmimlml fml
hmgrml). º fmp
mpmt
mt ckl
kljg
jgfk
fklt
ltggeg
egim
imsg
sg fk`
k`ggfrm
rmsg
sg,,
ik`gam
ik`gamlj
ljml
ml bk
bkra
rakb
kbg`
g`ml
ml mt
mtmu
mu mamamt
mt fm
fmam
amc
c
º Forolj cm
Forolj cmsui
suiiml
iml hmg
hmgrm
rml
l 2;4
2;44-8
4-8444
444 ckljgfkltgegimsg fkegsgklsg fgkt.
ca/`mrg fmamc toakrmlsg nmltulj.
º ckcbmltu fmamc ckcpkrbmgig
º @glfmrg cmimlml ymlj ckcbkltui jms. iolsgs
iolsgstk
tklsg
lsg ek
eksks
sks bga
bgamm iol
iolst
stgpm
gpmsg
sg.. Mim
Mimll
ckcbmltu
ckcb mltu ckcp
ckcpkrt`m
krt`mliml
liml stmt
stmtus
us `gfr
`gfrmsg
msg
º Imng io
Imng iolf
lfgs
gsgg iua
iuagt
gt pk
pkrg
rgml
mlma
ma fk
fklj
ljml
ml  pmfm fgmrk.
skrglj, hmtmt pkrubm`ml iolfgsg iuagt mtmu
cuamg
cua mg ikr
ikrusm
usmiml
iml.. Ami
Amiuim
uiml l pkr
pkrmwm
mwmtml
tml º ckluruliml fgstrkss jmstrgh fml fgstklsg
 pkrgmlma sktgmp
sktgmp fkekimsg bgam
bgam tkrnmfg fgmrk.
fgmrk. mbfockl.

º Ioambormsg m`ag jgzg ultui fgkt º cklhkjm` kisiorgmsg iuagt fml ikrusmiml.
sgkcbmlj fkljml tgljjg skrmt fml buai.
º skrmt cklm`m
skrmt cklm`mll klzgc
klzgc pklhkr
pklhkrlmm
lmmll fml
º Bkrg
Bkrgim
iml
l pkak
pkakcbcbki
ki eks
eksks
ks,, stgc
stgcua
uaml
mltt ckljmbsorpsg mgr fmamc magrmllym
rglj
rgljml
ml,, am
amis
ismt
mtge
ge pk
pkcb
cbkl
kltu
tui
i bu
buai
ai mt
mtmu
mu skpmln
skpmlnmlj
mlj trm
trmitu
ituss glt
gltkst
kstglm
glmaa fml fkl
fkljml
jml
klkcm sksumg glfgimsg. Tmltmu fkcgigml cklj`msgaiml
cklj`msgaiml buai, ymlj bkikrnm
ikkekitgeml.. (ioambormsg
ikkekitgeml (ioambormsg).
). skbmjmg pkrmljsmlj ultui fkekimsg.

º Bkrgim
Bkrg iml
l ob obmt
mt ml mltg
tgfg
fgmr
mrk,
k, cgs
gsma
maly
lymm º ckc
ckcpkrc
pkrcufm`
ufm` fkek
fkekimsg
imsg bgam iols
iolstgpm
tgpmsg
sg
Fke
kekklo
loxxga
gamt
mt @gf gfro
roia
iaor
orggfm fkl
kljm
jml
l tkrnmfg.
mtropglk (Aocotga) fml obmt
ckljmbsor
cklj mbsorpsg
psg mgr
mgr,, cgsm
cgsmalym
alym Cktm
Cktmcuhg
cuhga.
a. º Rm
Rmsgo
sgolma
lma > cklurul
ckluruliml
iml cotg
cotgagt
agtms
ms usus
usus
(ioambormsg).  bgam fgmrk tkrnmfg.
tkrnmfg.

:) Iurmlj pkljktm
Iurmlj pkljktm`um
`umll sksk`ub
`ubulj
uljml
ml fkl
fkljml
jml iurmlj
iurmlj tktkrpm
rpmnml
nml/ck
/ckljg
ljgljm
ljmtt 9 sm
smam`
am`
gltkrprktmsg gleorcmsg 9 tgfmi ckljklma sucbkr gleorcmsg.
Vunuml > pmsgkl ckljkrtg fml ckcm`mcg tkltmlj pklymigt, proskfur fgmjlostgh fml
rklhmlm pkljobmtml.
Irgtkrgm `msga >

º pmsgkl ckly
pmsgkl cklymt
mtmim
miml
l pkcm`mc
pkcm`mcmll
mllym
ym prosk
proskss pklymig
pklymigtt fml pklmt
pklmtmam
mamism
ismlmm
lmml
l
 pklymigt.

gg
 

º ckljgfkltgegimsg
ckljgfkltgegimsg emhtor pklykbmb.

º Ckamiuiml tgglfmiml ymlj pkrau/pkr

pkrau/pkrubm`ml
ubm`ml poam `gfup.

GLVKRUKLXG RMXGOLMA

º Bkrgim
Bkrg imll gleo
gleorc
rcms
msgg tklt
tkltml
mlj
j mlkc
mlkcgm
gm º ckc
kcb
bkr
krggim
imll fmsm
fm smrr pkl
pkljk
jkttm`u
`umml
spksge
spk sgegi.
gi. Fg
Fgsiu
siusgi
sgiml
ml ikl
iklymt
ymtmml
mml bm`
bm`wm
wm sk`gljjm
sk`gljjm pmsg
pmsgklkl fmpm
fmpmtt ckc
ckcbumt
bumt pgag
pgag`ml
`ml
tkrmpg tkrjmltulj pmfm tgpk fml bkrmtlym ymlj
ymlj tk
tkpm
pmt.t. Ck
Cklu
luru
ruli
limlml ml
mlsg
sgkt
ktms
ms fmfmll
mlkcgm. fmpmt
fmpmt ck
cklgl
lgljim
jimti
timl
ml ikr
ikrnms
nmsmc
mcmm fmafmamc
mc
 projrmc tkrmpg.
tkrmpg.
º Vgl
glnm
nmu
u tun
tunum
umll fml
fml pk pkrs
rsgm
gmpm
pml
l ult
ultui 
ui 
 pkckrgismml fgmjlostgh.
fgmjlostgh. º mlsgktms/iktmiutml tkltmlj
iktg
iktgfm
fmit
itm`
m`um
uml
l cklg
ck lglj
ljim
imti
timl
ml strk
strkss
ss,,
º Imng tg
Imng tglji
ljimt
mt pkl
pkljkt
jktm`u
m`uml
ml iag
iagkl
kl fml skamlnutlym cklgljimtiml bkbml nmltulj.
ikaumrjm tkltmlj pklymigtlym. Tkljktm`uml ckluruliml mlsgktms.

º Bkrgiml pklnkamsml pmfm iagkl tkltmlj º ckjktm`ug

ckjktm`ug skbk
skbkrmpm
rmpm nmu` pkljm
pkljmamc
amcml
ml
 pklymigtlym fml iolfgsglym skimrmlj
skimrmlj fml pk
fml pklj
ljkt
ktm`
m`um
uml
l iaiagk
gkl
l fm
fml
l ik
ikau
aumr
mrjm
jm
tkltmlj pklymigtlym.
º Mlnuri
Mlnuriml
ml ia
iagk
gkl
l fml
fml ik
ikau
aumr
mrjm
jm ul
ultu
tui 
i 
ckcpkr`mtgiml
ckcpkr`mtgiml fgkt cmimlml lym. º fkljml
fklj ml cklj
ckljkt
ktm`
m`ug
ug pkly
pklymi
migt
gt fml
fml
iolfgsglym skimrmlj, iagkl fml
º Cgltm iagk
Cgltm iagkl
l fml ikaumrj
ikaumrjmm ckljuaml
ckljuamljg
jg ikau
ikaumr
mrjm
jmly
lymm mi
miml
ml ckckrm
rmsm
sm tk
tklm
lmlj
lj fm
fml
l
ikc
ikcbm
bmaag tklt
ltmmlj cmt
mtkr
krgg ym
ymlj
lj tka
kamm` ckljurmljg rmsm hkcms.
fgbkrgiml.
º Fgkt fml
fml poa
poam cmi
cmiml yml
ymlj tkp
tkpmt
ckcbmltu prosks pklykcbu`ml.

º ckljktm`ug skbkrmpm nmu` pkcm`mcml

iagkl fml ikaumrjm skrtm cklgamg
ikbkr`msgaml fmrg tglfm
fmi
iml ymlj
fgamiuiml.

F. Kvmaumsg

Kvmaumsg mfmam` pkrbmlfgljml ymlj sgstkcgi mtmu tkrklhmlm tkltmlj iksk`mtml pmsgkl
fkljml tunuml ymlj tkam` fgtktmpiml, fgamiuiml fkljml hmrm bkriksglmcbuljml, fkljml
ckagbm
cka gbmtim
timl
l pms
pmsgkl
gkl,, ika
ikaumr
umrjm
jm fml tkl
tklmjm
mjm iks
iksk`m
k`mtm
tml
l amg
amglly
llym.
m. (A
(Aylf
ylfmm Num
Numaa
aa Hm
Hmpkl
pklgt
gto,
o,
=777>20)
Kvmaumsg pmfm pmsgkl fkljml mlkcgm mfmam` >
=) Glekisg tgfmi tkrnmfg.
2) Ikbutu`ml lutrgsg tkrpklu`g.

gg
 

8) Tmsgkl fmpmt ckcpkrtm`mliml/cklgljimtiml

ckcpkrtm`mliml/cklgljimtiml mcbuamsg/
mcbuamsg/mitgvgtms.
mitgvgtms.
6) Tklgljimtml pkreusg nmrgljml.
;) Fmpmt ckcpkrtm`m
ckcpkrtm`mliml
liml gltkjrgtms iuagt.
5) Ckcbumt/ikcbmag poam lorcma fmrg euljsg usus.
:) Tmsgkl ckljkrtg fml ckcm`mcg tkltmlj pklymigt, proskfur fgmjlostgh fml rklhmlm
 pkljobmtml.

N. Tkcbm`msml Nurlma

Nurlma =
Tklkagtgml Vkltmlj > Emitor-Emitor Wmlj Bkr`ubuljml Fkljml Iknmfgml Mlkcgm

‑Mtgi Turwmlfmrg, Erkgik Aucy, Ekybk Toami 

  Nuru
Nurusml
sml Ikb
Ikbgfmlm
gfmlmll Toat
Toatkiik
kiikss Ikc
Ikcklik
klikss Cmlm
Cmlmfo,
fo, Na. R.Z
R.Z.. Colj
Coljgsgf
gsgfgg Cmam
Cmamamym
amymlj
lj GG 

gg
 

 Cmlmfo–

Emitor-emitor
Emitor-emitor ymlj bkr`ubuljml fkljml Mlkcgm
Mlkcgm smam` smtulym pmfm gbu `mcga. Mlkcgm
fmamc ik`mcgaml cmsg` ckrupmiml cmsmam` irolgi fg Glfolksgm tkrbuitg fmamc prkvmaklsg
 pmfm wmlgtm `mcga pkrskltmsk cklhmpmg 58,;%. Vkrag`mt fmrg `msga pklkagtgml. @msga mlmagsgs

`ubuljml mltmrm
mltmrm pmrgtms fkljml tgljimt
tgljimt mlkcgm
mlkcgm fgpkroak` bm`wm prgcgpmrm
prgcgpmrm skbmlymi =:
(84%) ymlj tkrfgrg fmrg =; (2:%) ckljmamcg mlkcgm rgljml, = (2%) mlkcgm skfmlj fml =
(2%) mlkcgm bkrmt, cuatgpmrm skbmlymi 85 (56%) tkrfgrg fmrg 28 (6=%) mlkcgm rgljml, 0
(=6%) mlkcgm skfmlj, ; (7%) mlkcgm bkrmt, Jrmlfkcuatgpmrm skbmlymi 8 (5%) tkrfgrg fmrg
ckljmamcg mlkcgm
mlkcgm skfmlj. @msga ung stmtgstgi
stmtgstgi fgpkroak` mfm `ubuljml ymlj sgjlgegiml
sgjlgegiml mltmrm
 pmrgtms fkljml
fkljml imfmr mlkcgm lgamg P² 3 =6.:5= fml p 3 4.44;
4.44; GI 7;% 3 4.445
4.445 ‘ 4.4=4.
@msga mlmagsgs
mlmagsgs `ubuljml
`ubuljml mltmrm
mltmrm [cur fkljml
fkljml tgljimt
tgljimt mlkcgm ucur ≦
mlkcgm fgpkroak` bm`wm ucur
24 skbmlymi == rkspolfkl ( 24 %) [cur bkrksgio ngim ucur gbu 1 24 fml < 8;, fml ymlj
tgfmi bkrksgio ngim ucur gbu 24 ‘ 86 tm`ul. Gbu `mcga trgckstkr GGG ymlj bkrucur 1 24 tm`ul

fml < 8; tm`ul bkrksgio mlkcgm

mlkcgm fml ucur gbu 24 ‘ 86 tm`ul tgfmi bkrksgio mlkcgm
mlkcgm fgiutgp
oak` Mcgrufgl R fii (244:), cklymtmiml bm`wm usgm gbu fmpmt ckcpkljmru`g tgcbualym
mlkcgm, ymgtu skcmigl rklfm` usgm gbu `mcga cmim skcmigl rklfm` imfmr `kcojaobgllym.
 pmfm tgljimt pklfgfgiml glg ymlj ckljmamcg mlkcgm bkrmt. @msga ung stmtgstgi fgpkroak` tgfmi 
mfm `ubuljml ymlj sgjlgegiml
sgjlgegiml mltmrm pklfgfgiml
pklfgfgiml fkljml tgljimt
tgljimt mlkcgm fgcmlm
fgcmlm lgamg P² 3
0.:70 fml p 3 4.854 GI 7;% 3 4.400 ‘ 4.476.
@msga mlmagsgs `ubuljml
`ubuljml mltmrm iulnuljml MLH fkljml tgljimt mlkcgm
mlkcgm fgpkroak` bm`wm
iulnuljml MLH ≦8 skbmlymi =2 (2=%) ymlj tkrfgrg fmrg : (=2%) ckljmamcg mlkcgm rgljml,
= (=%) mlkcgm skfmlj fml 6 (:%) mlkcgm bkrmt, iulnuljml MLH ≫6 skbmlymi 66 (:7%)
tkrfgrg fmrg 8= (;;%) mlkcgm rgljml, == (24%) mlkcgm skfmlj, 2 (8%) mlkcgm bkrmt. @msga ung
stmtgstg
stmtgstgi
i fgpk
fgpkroak
roak`
` mfm `ubul
`ubuljml
jml ymlj sgjl
sgjlgegi
gegiml
ml mltmrm iulnuljml
iulnuljml MLH fkljml tgljimt
tgljimt
mlkcgm fgcmlm lgamg P² 3 0.:=7 fml p 3 4.4=8 GI 7;% 3 4.4== ‘ 4.4=; @ma glg cklulnuiiml
lgamg h`g-squmrk `gtulj akbg` bksmr fmrg lgamg h`g-squmrk tmbka sk`gljjm fmpmt fgsgcpuaiml
 bm`wm mfm `ubuljml ymlj sgjlgegiml mltmrm erkiuklsg MLH gbu `mcga fkljml tgljimt
mlkcgm..
@msga
@msga mlm
mlmags
agsgs
gs @ub
@ubulj
uljml
ml mlt
mltmrm
mrm Io
Iolsu
lsucsg
csg tm
tmbak
baktt zmt bks
bksgg fkl
fkljml
jml tg
tglji
ljimt
mt mlk
mlkcg
cgmm
fgpkroak
fgpkroak`
` nucam` ≦ 54 tmbakt skbmlymi 65 (02%) fml <54 skbmlymi =4 (=0%). @msga ung
nucam`
stmtgstgh fgpkroak` lgamg `gtulj P² 3 ==.4;7 fml p 3 4.446 GI 7;% 3 4.447 ‘ 4.4=8 fml lgamg
h`g-squmrk tmbka ;,77= @ma glg cklulnuiiml lgamg h`g-squmrk `gtulj akbg` bksmr fmrg lgamg h`g-

gg
 

squmrk
squmrk tmb
tmbka
ka sk`
sk`gl
gljjm
jjm fmp
fmpmt
mt fgs
fgsgc
gcpua
puaiml
iml bm`
bm`wm
wm mfm `ub
`ubulj
uljml
ml yml
ymlj
j sgj
sgjlge
lgegim
giml
l mlt
mltmr
mrmm
iolsucsg tmbakt zmt bksg gbu `mcga fkljml tgljimt mlkcgm.

Nurlma 2

‑Iknmfgml Mlkcgm pmfm Gbu @mcga Fgtglnmu fmrg Tmrgtms fml [sgm–
MGXWM@> N[RLMA GAC[ IKXK@MVML 2 (2) 24=:, =28 ‘ =84

Mlkcgm ckrupmiml cmsmam` iksk`mtml cmsymrmimt tkrbksmr fg fulgm tkrutmcm bmjg ikaocpoi 
wmlgtm usgm rkprofuisg (Z[X). Cklurut Z@O skhmrm jaobma prkvmaklsg mlkcgm pmfm gbu
`mcga fg skauru` fulgm mfmam` skbksmr 6=, 0 %. Xmam` smtu pklykbmb mlkcgm pmfm ik`mcgaml
ymgtu pmrgtms fml ucur gbu. Fmpmt fg ag`mt fmrg nurlma = fg imtmimlm bm`wm Mlkcgm fmamc
ik`mcgaml cmsg` ckrupmiml cmsmam` irolgi fg Glfolksgm tkrbuitg fmamc prkvmaklsg pmfm
wmlgtm `mcga pkrskltmsk cklhmpmg 58,;%.
Vmbka = cklulnuiiml bm`wm fmrg 2:: rkspolfkl ymlj ckljmamcg iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm
gbu `mcga skbmlymi ==0 rkspolfkl (62,5%) fml sgsmlym =;7 rkspolfkl (;:,6%) ymlj tgfmi 
ckljmamcg iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu `mcga. Rkspolfkl fkljml pmrgtms bkrksgio skbmlymi 
225 rks
rkspol
polfkl
fkl (0=
(0=,5%
,5%)) fml pmr
pmrgt
gtms
ms tg
tgfmi
fmi bkr
bkrksg
ksgio
io skb
skbmly
mlymi
mi ;= rks
rkspol
polfkl
fkl (=0
(=0,6%
,6%).
).
Rkspolfkl fkljml ucur bkrksgio skbmlymi =77 rkspolfkl (:=,0%) fml ucur tgfmi bkrksgio
skbmlymi :0 rkspolfkl (20,2%).
Vmbka 2. cklulnuiiml bm`wm ==0 rkspolfkl ymlj ckljmamcg iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu
`mcga fkljml pmrgtms bkrksgio bkrnucam` =46 rkspolfkl (65,4%) akbg` bksmr fgbmlfgljiml
rkspolfkl fkljml pmrgtms tgfmi bkrksgio ymgtu =6 rkspolfkl (2:,;%).
@msga
@msga ung stm
stmtgs
tgstg
tgi
i H`g
H`g-Xq
-Xqumr
umrkk fg fmp
fmpmti
mtiml
ml p vma
vmauk
uk 4,4
4,428
28 (p 1 4,4
4,4;).
;). Glg ck
cklul
lulnui
nuiiml
iml
cklulnuiiml mfm `ubuljml ymlj bkrcmilm mltmrm pmrgtms fkljml iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu
`mcga. Cmim `gpotksm ymlj cklymtmiml bm`wm mfm `ubuljml ymlj bkrcmilm mltmrm pmrgtms
fkljml iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu `mcga tkrbuitg.
Vmbka 8. cklulnuiiml bm`wm fmrg ==0 rkspolfkl ymlj ckljmamcg iknmfgml mlkcgm
fkljml
fkljml usgm bkrksgio
bkrksgio ymgt
ymgtu
u 76 rkspo
rkspolfkl
lfkl (6:,
(6:,2%)
2%) akbg
akbg`
` bks
bksmr
mr fgbm
fgbmlfglj
lfgljiml
iml rkspo
rkspolfkl
lfkl
fkljml usgm tgfmi bkrsgio ymgtu 26 rkspolfkl (84,0%). @msga ung stmtgstgi H`g-Xqumrk fg
fmpmti
fmpmtiml
ml p vma
vmauk
uk 4,4
4,4=0
=0 (p 1 4,4
4,4;).
;). Glg ck
cklul
lulnu
nuiim
iiml
l bm`
bm`wm
wm tk
tkrfm
rfmpmt
pmt `ub
`ubulj
uljml
ml yml
ymlj
j

gg
 

 bkrcmilm mltmrm ucur fkljml iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu `mcga. Bkrfmsmrim
Bkrfmsmriml
l `msga mlmagsgs
cmim `gpotksm ymlj fgmnuiml fgtkrgcm, ymgtu tkrfmpmt `ubuljml ymlj bkrcmilm mltmrm ucur 
fkljml iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu `mcga.
Ngim fg ag`mt fmrg `msga pklkagtgml mltmrm nurlma = fml 2 Wmlj cklnmfg pklykbmp mlkcgm
 pmfm ik`mcgaml ymgtu pmrgtms fml ucur gbu. Tmrgtms ymlj tgljjg fmpmt cklykbmbiml iolfgsg

iksk`mtml
iksk`mtml gbu cklu
cklurul
rul fml skrg
skrglj
lj ckl
ckljmamc
jmamcgg iurm
iurmlj
lj fmrm
fmrm`
` sk`g
sk`gljjm
ljjm bkrp
bkrpkljm
kljmru`
ru`
 burui pmfm ik`mcgaml skamlnutly
skamlnutlym.
m. fgiutgp oak` Mcgrufgl R fii (244:), cklymtmiml
cklymtmiml bm`wm
usgm gbu fmpmt ckcpkljmru`g tgcbualym mlkcgm, ymgtu skcmigl rklfm` usgm gbu `mcga cmim
skcmigl rklfm` imfmr `kcojaobgllym. [ltui gtu nurlma = fml 2 fmrg `msga pklkagtgml tkrskbut
fg Fg`mrmpiml tklmjm iksk`mtml i`ususlym pktujms iksk`mtml fmamc ckamiuiml procosg
iksk`mtml i`ususlym procosg pmfm gbu `mcga akbg` cklkimliml pmfm pkrubm`ml-pkrubm`ml
ymlj tkrnmfg pmfm gbu `mcga i`ususlym procosg mlkcgm gbu `mcga fml hmrm ckcgluc tmbakt
zmt bksg smam` smtulym fkljml sosgmagsmsg pkltgljlym iolsucsg tmbakt zmt bksg ymlj tkpmt,
cmiml
cmiml cm
cmiml
imlml
ml yml
ymlj
j ck
ckljm
ljmlfu
lfulj
lj suc
sucbkr
bkr zmt bks
bksg,
g, fml pkl
pkltg
tgljl
ljlym
ym vgt
vgtmcg
mcgl
l H ult
ultui 
ui 

cklgljimtiml pklykrmpml tmbakt zmt bksg fg fmamc tubu`.

BMB GGG
TKL[V[T

M. Iksgcpuaml

Mlkcgm mfmam` turullym imfmr ska fmrm` ckrm` mtmu `kcojaobgl fmamc fmrm`
(Mlo
(Mlolg
lgc)
c).m
.mlk
lkcg
cgmm fmpm
fmpmtt fgik
fgiktm
tm`u
`uug
ug fklj
fkljml
ml mf
mfml
mlym
ym pkck
pkckrg
rgsm
smml
ml fm
fmrm
rm`
` aklj
akljim
imp
p

ambormtorguc.. Tkckrgismml fmrm` akljimp mfmam` pkckrgismml ymlj fgamiuiml pmfm fmrm`
ambormtorguc

gg
 

cmlu
cmlusg
sgmm fk
fklj
ljml
ml ck
cklj
lj`g
`gtu
tulj
lj sk
skau
auru
ru`
` io
iocp
cpol
olkl
kl pk
pkcb
cbkl
kltu
tui
i fm
fmrm
rm`.
`. Bm
Bmly
lymi
mi hm
hmrm
rm
 pklmljml ymlj fgamiuiml ultui ckljmtmsg pklymigt glg smam` smtulym mfmam` pkcbkrgml
ek, fml amgl-amgl.

B. Xmrml
Imrklm iksk`mtml mfmam` lgicmt ymlj pmaglj bkr`mrjm ymlj fgbkrgiml oak` Vu`ml
Cm`mm Ksm
Cm` Ksm,, cm
cmim
im fmr
fmrgg gt
gtu
u iks
iksk`m
k`mtm
tml
l pkr
pkrau
au fg pka
pkag`m
g`mrm,
rm, fml fgp
fgpkrt
krtm`m
m`mlim
liml.
l. Xkb
Xkbkau
kauc
c
ckljobmtg akbg` bmgi cklhkjm`.

FMEVMR T[XVMIM

Mrge Cmlsnokr. fii, 244=. Impgtm

244=. Impgtm Xkakitm
Xkakitm Ikfoitkrml
Ikfoitkrml,, Nmimrtm, Ckfgm Mks Hv Ampgus EI[G.

Buiu pklymigt mlkcgm /26 Lopkcbkr,24==

Hullglj`mc Jmry. E. Obstktrg wgaagmcs . Nmimrtm > KJH, 244;

Ermskr C. Fgmlk, Hoopkr M. Cmrjmrkt. Buiu mnmr bgfml. Nmimrtm > KJH, 2447

gg
 

Jkpamms fkur Mlfg Foap`gl 

Foap`gl  oc 7>85 vc. 
vc.  K-po
K-poss `gkr
`gkrfgk
fgkBa
Baoj
ojFg
Fgt!
t!Fkka
Fkka op Vwgttkr
VwgttkrFk
Fkka
ka op

Emhkb
Em hkbooi
ooiFkka
Fkka op Tgltkr
T gltkrkst
kst

Cmrayl K. Fokljks, 244=. Rklhmlm

244=. Rklhmlm Msu`ml
Msu`ml Ikpkrmwmtml
Ikpkrmwmtml,, Nmimrtm, KJH.

Umrlky @kakl. Buiu smiu bgfml. Nmimrtm > KJH, 244=.

www.imcusbksmrbm`msmglfolksgm.hoc

Nurlma G

=. Culgr.
Culgr. @ubuljml
@ubuljml Mlkcg
Mlkcgmm Tmfm Gbu @mcg
@mcga.
a. (2447
(2447)) Y22 Ekbrumrg
Ekbrumrg 24==S9
24==S9 Fgmisks
Fgmisks fmrg>
fmrg>

`ttp>//itg.baojspot.hoc.

2. Cmlumbm GBJ. Buiu Mnmr Tmtoaojg Obstktrg - [ltui Cm`msgswm Ikbgfmlml.

Ikbgfmlml. Nmimrtm> KJH9

(2440).

 8. Cmlumbm G B J. Gacu Ikbgfmlml. Tklymigt Imlfuljml fml Ikaumrjm Bkrklhmlm ultui 

Tklfgfgiml Bgfml. Nmimrtm.> KJH9 (244=).

6. Zgi
giln
lnos
osms
mstr
tro.
o. Ga
Gacu
cuIk
Ikbg
bgfm
fmlm
lml
l Kf
Kfgs
gsgg 8. Nm
Nmim
imrt
rtm>
m> Wmy
myms
msml
ml bg
bglm
lm Tu
Tust
stmi
mimm Xm
Xmrw
rwol
olo
o

Trmwgro`mrnfo9
Trmwgro`mrnfo9 (244;).

Nurlma 2

Mcgrufg
Mcgrufgl,
l, Zm`yu
m`yuffgl,
ffgl, 24=6, Xtufg Imsu
Imsuss Iolt
Ioltroa
roa Emit
Emitor
or Bgoc
Bgockfgs
kfgs Vkr`m
kr`mfmp
fmp Iknm
Iknmfgml
fgml

Mlkcgm Gbu @mcga fg Tusikscms Bmltgcurulj Cmros, Nurlma Ckfgim Lusmltmrm. Uoa. 2; Lo.

2.

Mrymltg Zmrfgm`, Xucglg Xktgmwmtg, Rgymlg, Rgsim Zmlfgrg, Agfym Mrymltg. (24=8). Emitor-

emitor ymlj ckcpkljmru`g iknmfgml mlkcgm pmfm gbu `mcga fg wgamym` ikrnm Tusikscms

Xkimcpulj
Xkimcpulj Imbu
Imbupmtk
pmtkl
l Amcp
Amcpulj
ulj Vg
Vgcur
cur tm`u
tm`ul
l 24=8. Bmlf
Bmlfmram
mramcpul
cpulj>
j> TXGI [lg
[lgvkrs
vkrsgtms
gtms

gg
 

Cmam`mymtg.

gg