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    Muhammad Babur, The First Emperor of The Dynasty Who Ruled

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    Aurora
    The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, which reigned from 1526 to 1857. It describes the empire's vast territorial reach across the Indian subcontinent under early emperors like Babur and Akbar. Over time, internal power struggles and the financial burden of maintaining the imperial court under Shah Jahan contributed to instability. The empire weakened further under Aurangzeb due to religious controversies and conflicts over succession, leading to its final decline when the British defeated the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, in 1857.

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    Muhammad Babur, The First Emperor of The Dynasty Who Ruled

    Uploaded by

    Aurora
    73 views2 pages
    The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, which reigned from 1526 to 1857. It describes the empire's vast territorial reach across the Indian subcontinent under early emperors like Babur and Akbar. Over time, internal power struggles and the financial burden of maintaining the imperial court under Shah Jahan contributed to instability. The empire weakened further under Aurangzeb due to religious controversies and conflicts over succession, leading to its final decline when the British defeated the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, in 1857.

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    Modern empire

    Original Title

    History

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    The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, which reigned from 1526 to 1857. It describes the empire's vast territorial reach across the Indian subcontinent under early emperors like Babur and Akbar. Over time, internal power struggles and the financial burden of maintaining the imperial court under Shah Jahan contributed to instability. The empire weakened further under Aurangzeb due to religious controversies and conflicts over succession, leading to its final decline when the British defeated the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, in 1857.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    73 views2 pages

    Muhammad Babur, The First Emperor of The Dynasty Who Ruled

    Uploaded by

    Aurora
    The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, which reigned from 1526 to 1857. It describes the empire's vast territorial reach across the Indian subcontinent under early emperors like Babur and Akbar. Over time, internal power struggles and the financial burden of maintaining the imperial court under Shah Jahan contributed to instability. The empire weakened further under Aurangzeb due to religious controversies and conflicts over succession, leading to its final decline when the British defeated the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, in 1857.

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    Today I am going to speak about the rise and fall of one of the

    early modern empires in South Asia that reigned for over 3


    centuries.
    The empire was widespread and span across the Indus basin in
    the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, Kashmir at the
    north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in
    the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in south India.
    The founder of the Mughal dynasty was Zahīr ud-Dīn
    Muhammad Babur, the first emperor of the dynasty who ruled
    from 1526 to 1530. He was a descendant of the Turco-Mongol
    conqueror Timur on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on
    his mother's side. He ruled over a small kingdom in Turkestan
    and expanded his kingdom by attacking Afghanistan and
    capturing Kabul in 1504. Babur's forces occupied much of
    northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526 until his death in
    1530.
    Babur was succeeded by his son Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad
    Humayun who lost his empire to the Sur Empire after 10 years of
    reign. He regained his empire after 15 years with the help of the
    Iranian Safavid Dynasty who later had major cultural influence
    over the Mughal Empire. However, Babur died the Next year and
    was succeeded by his son.
    Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, popularly known as Akbar the
    great, succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who
    helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. He attempted to
    resolve socio-political and cultural differences in his empire by
    establishing a new religion, Din-i-Ilahi. After a great reign over the
    empire, he died in 1605 and left his empire to his son Jahangir.
    Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim Jahangir was the fourth Mughal
    Emperor who ruled until his death in 1627. He later had to defeat
    his son Prince Khusrau Mirza, who attempted to claim the throne
    based on Akbar's will to become his next heir. Khusrau Mirza was
    defeated in 1606 and confined in the fort of Agra. As punishment,
    Khusrau Mirza was handed over to his younger brother and was
    partially blinded and killed.
    Shah Jahan reigned from 1628–1658 was born to Jahangir and his
    wife Jagat Gosaini, a Rajput princess. During the reign of Shah Jahan,
    the splendor of the Mughal court reached its peak, as exemplified by
    the Taj Mahal. The cost of maintaining the court, however, began to
    exceed the revenue coming in.
    The younger son of Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb who reigned 1658–1707,
    seized the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and had him
    executed. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness,
    Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule, and kept Shah Jahan
    imprisoned until his death in 1666. During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire
    gained political strength once more and became the world's most
    powerful economy. Aurangzeb fully established sharia by compiling
    the Fatwa Alamgiri. Aurangzeb is considered India's most controversial
    king while other historians question this, noting that he built Hindu
    temples significantly, employed more Hindus during his reign than his
    predecessors did, opposed bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims, and
    married Hindu Rajput princess Nawab Bai. Aurangzeb's son, Bahadur
    Shah I, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to
    reform the administration. The Mughal empire ended with the death of
    Bahadur Shah Zafar.

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