,ay; : 3

fhjy; tho;fi
; f

jkpoH tho;tpaypy; rq;ffhyk;; xU nghw;fhyk;. Gfo; g+j;J FYq;fpa

fhyk;> mtHfspd; rpe;jidAk; nray;ghLfSk; NkNyhq;fp rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ.
NguhrphpaH mwpQH mz;zh> ,uhkDrdhH mtHfs; If;fpa ehLfspd; Mjutpy;
ntspg;gl;l “Poems of Love and War” vd;w E}ypd;fz; rq;fg;ghly;fs; gytw;iw
NjHe;njLj;J 15 Mz;LfSf;F Nky; cioj;J Ma;T nra;J Mq;fpy ftpahf
gilj;Js;shH. ,jpy; mtH $wpAs;s Ma;Tf; fUj;;J cyfNk
Nghw;WjYf;Fhpajhf mike;Js;sJ. ‘rq;fj; jkpohpd; ,yf;fpaj;ij
mwpahjtHfs;> ,e;jpa ehfhpfj;jpd; jdpr;rpwg;gpid mwpahjtH vd;Wk;> rq;f
fhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; rkar; rhHG ,y;yhjjhy; gpw;fhyr; rkaj;ijr; rhHe;NjhH
,tw;wpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fhky; xJf;fp tpl;ldH. cz;ikia
nrhy;tnjdpy; rq;fg;gDty;fs; fhyj;ij ntd;W tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJ mJ
xU nrt;tpyf;fpak; vd;W kpfTk; Mzpj;jukhf $WtjpypUe;J mwpayhk;.’
rq;f ,yf;fpak; grpAk;> gpzpAk; gifAk; ePq;fp thOk; tho;tpay; newpia
$WtJ. ‘itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;gtd; thDiwAk; nja;tj;Js;

itf;fg;gLk;’ vd;W tho;tpay; newp fhl;LtJ. rhjpfSf;Fk;> rkaq;fSf;Fk;>

kjq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;L gpwg;gpy; caHT jho;T fhzhJ rkjHk rKjhak;
gilj;J cyNf xU Filapd; fPo; vz;Zk; caHe;j Nehf;fKilaJ.
nghUshjhuj;jpy; $l rkepiyf; fz;lJ. nrq;Nfhy; Ml;rpapy; Gyikr;
rhd;NwhHfspd; gq;F epiwe;jJ. mtHfshy; Mo;thiu nrtpif ,bj;Jiwj;Jj;
jpUj;Jk; Mw;wYk;> mwpTk;> JzpTk; cilaJ. ,g;gb gw;gy caHe;j gue;j
cyNfhH Nghw;Wk; nrwpT epiwe;jf; fUj;Jf;fis jkpoHfspd; ehfhpf
khz;ghf rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; fz;zhb Nghy; fhl;b epw;fpd;wd.

kf;fl; gz;gpyf;fpak;

rq;ffhy jkpoHfs; kdpj Fyj;ijr; rhHe;j midtiuAk; ,dk;> kjk;

nkhopfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L rhjpfSf;Fk;> murpay;fSf;Fk; NtWghLfspd;wp
133
‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk; NfspH’ vd;W Nerpj;jdH. mtHfSila tho;f;ifapy;
md;G epiwe;jpUe;jJ. mwnewpapy; tho;e;jhHfs;.. fhjYk;> tPuKk; ,tw;wpd;
ghLnghUshfp tpsq;fpdhYk; mtw;iwg; ghLq;fhy; fUg;nghUshfTk; nra;jpg;
nghUshfTk; gyJiw mwpTfs; epiwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ehD}W GytHfs;
ghba rq;fg; ghly;fs; kf;fs; eyk; xd;iwNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L
ghlg;gl;litfshFk;. vdNt rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; jkpo; Njrpa ,yf;fpaq;fs;
vdTk;> cyf ehfhPf kiwfs; vdTk;> kf;fs; gz;gpyf;fpaq;;fshfTk;
jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,itfs; tpOkpa gz;gpdhy; cyfk; jOtpaitnadpDk;
nkhopahy; jkpopdj;jpw;Fhpa ,j;jid rpwg;gpw;Fhpa rq;fj; jkpio xU jkpod;
fw;W mwpatpy;iynadpy; kw;w ahtw;iw fw;wjhy; mtDf;F ve;jtpj
ngUikAk; ,y;iy vdyhk;. rq;fj; jkpopy; jkpo; fhjy; vd;Dk; mfj;jpiz
newpfs; tphpthfTk; EZf;fkhfTk; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

mfj;jpiz newp

Mz;> ngz; fhjy; gw;wpAk;> ghypizT gw;wpAk; vy;yh nkhopfspYs;s

,yf;fpaq;fSk; ghLfpd;wd. fw;gidg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. jpj;jpf;f nkhopfpd;wd.
rq;fj;jkpopy; tUk; mfj;jpiz ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,jw;F jdp ngUik cz;L.
,t;tifahd fhjiy ,t;tifahfj;jhd; ghLtJ vd;W fl;Lf;Nfhg;NghL
ghLtJjhd; rq;fj;jkpo;. fhjy; nghUspYk; fl;Lg;ghL> mjid nrhy;Yk;
KiwapYk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; mfj;jpiz newpfis tFj;J mike;jJ.
rq;f ,yf;fpa mfj;jpizapaypy; md;Gf;fhjiy kl;LNk ghLk;> mitNa
mwpTWj;Jk;. ,q;F ,ay;ghd rpygy rpf;fy;fs; Njhd;Wk;. MapDk; fhjyHfs;
vg;gb md;ghf ele;J ,ize;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W topiaAk; mtHfspd;
flikiaAk; fhl;b mikAk;. ,/J xU J}a ,yf;fpak;. xU ngz; xU Mz;
kfid fhjypf;fpd;whs;. mtHfspd; fhjy; nra;jp ngz; tPl;lhUf;F
njhpfpd;wJ. md;id Jbf;fpd;whs;. cld; gpwe;j rNfhjuHfs; rpdk; nfhz;L
gifahf fUjp mk;igAk;> tpy;iyAk; NjLfpd;wdH. rpdk; rpy kzp Neuk;
cs;sJ jzpatpy;iy. KbT ehk; epidg;gJ Nghd;W ,y;iy. ve;j mstpw;F
rpdKk;> gifAk; nfhz;lhHfNsh mNj rNfhjuHfs; mwpT top
rpe;jpf;fpd;whHfs;. jd; rNfhjhp nra;j Fw;wk; vd;d? mtis fhjypj;jtd;
nra;j Fw;wk; vd;d? jk; tho;tpw;FhpatHfis md;gpdhy; NjHe;Jf; nfhs;tJ
Fw;wkpy;iyNa. ‘fhjyH ,UtH fUj;J xUkpj;j gpd; mq;F thJfs; Vd;?
134
tk;Gfs; jhd; Vd;? vd;Wk; ‘,d;dhUf;;F ,d;dhH vd;W vOjp itj;jhd; Njtd;

md;W’ vd;gjw;F ,zq;f rpe;jpf;fpd;whHfs;.. ,JjhNd fw;G vd;W mtHfs;

rpdk; nfhz;likf;F ntl;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,ijf; fypj;njhifg; ghlypy;
fhzyhk;. ‘mtUk; njhpfiz Nehf;fpr; rpiy Nehf;fpf; fz; Nre;J> xU gfy;
vy;yhk; cUj;njOe;jhwp> ,UtUfl; Fw;wKk; ,y;iyahy; vd;W njUke;J
rha;j;jhy; jiy.’1 rpwpa rpf;fiyg;; gpd;dp ngUQ;rpf;fyhf;fhky;
njhlf;fj;jpNyNa newpg;gLj;JtJ mfj;jpiz.

mfj;jpizapd; Nehf;fk;

gpwH tho;f;if Fwpg;Ngh> ngaH Fwpg;Ngh Njhd;whJ ahj;j J}a fhjy;

,yf;fpak; cyf epiy NgU fhjypy; cz;L. kd czHTilatHfs; kf;fs;.
mtHfs; Mly; ghly; Nfspf;iffspy; ehl;lKilatHfs;. ,dg;ngUf;f
ehl;lkpd;wp ,d;g ehl;lj;JlNd cwthLgtHfs;. ,yf;fpa KiwNa neQ;irAk;
czHr;rpiaAk; ,af;f ty;yJ. Mjypd; kf;fl;F Mz; ngz; cwT
fy;tpiaAk; FLk;gf; fy;tpiaAk; fw;gpg;gjw;nfd;W fz;l J}a ,yf;fpaNk
mfj;;jpiz. MZk;> ngz;Zk; xUtH fhjy; tpUg;gj;ijAk;> msitAk;>
kw;nwhUtH Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. epiwthd ,d;gj;jpw;F Cly; Ntz;Lk;.
Cly; FiwTgl;lhy; cs;sKk; FiwTgLk;. ngw;NwhHfspd; Jiz nfhz;Lk;>
rhd;NwhHfspd; Jiz nfhz;Lk; fhjyHfspd; G+rHfis Nghf;Fjy;; Ntz;Lk;.
,q;qdk; ,d;g cwtpYk; kd;gij cwtpYk; ehzaKk; fw;Gk; jOtpa
,y;ywf; fy;tpia mfj;jpizapy; fw;fpd;Nwhk;. ,d;iwa ,isQHfSf;F
,sikapy; Kiwahf mfj;jpizia fw;gpj;jhy; ,d;g fkwy;fSk; FLk;g
Nfhzy;fSk; Fiwe;J tpLk;. ,d;gk; ngUFk; tho;T ,dpf;Fk; fz;lJ fhjy;
nfhz;lNj Nfhyk; vd;w epiy khWk;.

Ie;epyg; ghFghL

iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz ePq;fyhf eLtpy; ,Uf;fpd;w Ie;Jk; md;gpd;

Ie;jpiz vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;ite;jpizapy; ghiy xopa kw;w
ehd;Fk; ,e;epyg;gug;gpy; ehd;fhfg; gFf;fg;gl;l ,aw;ifia cilad. fhLk;
fhl;ilr; rhHe;j ,lKk; Ky;iy vdg;gl;lJ. kiyAk; kiyiar; rhHe;j
,lKk; FwpQ;rp vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ. taYk; taiyr; rhHe;j ,lKk; kUjk;

135
vdg;gLk;. flYk; fliyr; rhHe;j ,lKk; nea;jy; MFk;. ,g;gphpTfisAk;
me;j me;j epyj;jpw;Fhpa flTsiuAk; ,izj;J>
“khNahd; Nka fhLiw cyfKk;
NrNahd; Nka iktiu cyfKk;
Nte;jd; Nka jPk;Gdy; cyfKk;
tUzd; Nka ngUkzy; cyfKk;
Ky;iy FwpQ;rp kUjk; nea;jnydr;
nrhy;ypa Kiwahy; nrhy;yTk; gLNk” 2
vd;W njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh tpsf;fk;. ghiyf;Fj; jdp epyk; ,y;iy. Ky;iy
epyKk; FwpQ;rp epyKk; NrUk; ,lj;jpd; jphpghy; cz;lhtJ ghiyahFk;.
,jid>
“Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; Kiwikapy; jphpe;J
ey;ypay;G ,oe;J eLq;FJaH cWj;Jg;
ghiy vd;gNjhH gbtk; nfhs;Sk;” 3
vd;W ,sq;Nfhtbfs; Fwpg;gpLthH.

ngUk;nghOJk;> rpWnghOJk;

Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk; epyk; ehd;F tifg;gLkhW Nghy (Ky;iy>

FwpQ;rp> kUjk;> nea;jy;) fhyk; ,Utifg;gLk;. mit ngUk; nghOJ>
rpWnghOJ vdg;gLk;. fhHfhyk;> $jpHfhyk;> Kd;gdpf;fhyk;> gpd;gdpf;fhyk;>
,sNtdpw;fhyk;> KJNtdpw;fhyk; MWk; ngUk;nghOJf;Fhpait. khiy>
ahkk;> itfiw> fhiy> ez;gfy; Mfpa Ie;Jk; rpWnghOJf;Fhpadthk;.
ngUk;nghOijg; gUtk; vd;Wk; rpWnghOijg; nghOJ vd;Wk; miog;gJ kuG.

epyq;fSf;Fhpa gUtKk; nghOJk;

m. Ky;iyf;Fg; ngUk;nghOJ fhHfhyk;. rpWnghOJ khiy.
M. FwpQ;rpf;Fg; ngUk;nghOJ $jpHfhyk; Kd;gdpf;fhyKk;> rpWnghOJ
ahkk;.
,. kUjj;jpw;Fg; ngUk;nghOJ MWgUtKk;> rpWnghOJ itfiw.
<. nea;jYf;Fg; ngUk;nghOJ MW gUtKk;> rpWnghOJ fhiy.
c. ghiyf;Fg; ngUk;nghOJ gpd;gdpf;fhyKk;> ,sNtdpw;fhyKk;>
KJNtdpw; fhyKk;> rpWnghOJ ez;gfy;.
136
 ,g;gFg;Gf;fis mt;te;epyj;jpw;Fhpa chpg;nghUs;fSld; xg;gpl;L
MuhAk;NghJ mtw;wpw;F mbg;gilapy; cs;s cstpay; El;gk; GydhFk;.

chpg;nghUspd; rpwg;G

Kjy;> fU> chp vdg;gl;l %d;W nghUs;fSf;Fs;Sk; Kjd;ik

ngWtJ chpg;nghUs;. xU ghly; Kjw;nghUNsh fUg;nghUNsh ,d;wpg;
ghlg;glyhk;. Mdhy; chpg;nghUs; ,d;wpg; ghlg;gLjy; kugpy;iy. “Gwj;Nj
cs;s nghUs;fs; tho;f;ifia mt;tsthf khw;wpaikg;gjpy;iy vd;gijAk;
mfj;J czHr;rpfNs nghpJk; khw;wp mikg;gd vd;gijAk; jkpo; Kd;NdhH
njhpe;jpUe;jdH. mjdhy; epyk; nghOJ vd;gdtw;iw Kjy; nghUs; vd;Wk;>
nja;tk;> czT> tpyq;F Kjypatw;iwf; fUg;nghUs; vd;Wk; $wp> GzHjy;
gphpjy; Kjypa czHr;rpf;F chpatw;iw chpg;nghUs; (,yf;fpaj;jpw;F chpa
nghUs;) vd;W rpwg;gpj;jdH” vd;ghH lhf;lH.K.tujuhrdhH. 4

mf xOf;fj;jpd; gbfs;

jiytDk; jiytpAk; vjpHghuhky; Xhplj;jpy; vjpHg;gl;L xUthplk;

xUtH md;G g+z;L fhjy; nfhs;Sjy; ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp vdg;gLk;. Njhopapd;
Jizapdhy; jiytd; jiytpiag; gyKiw re;jpj;J ,d;GWfpd;whd;.
,f;$l;lq;fs; gfypYk; ,utpYk; ,iatJz;L. ,it gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwp vdf;
Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jiytd; jiytpiaf; fhyk; ePl;bf;fhJ tiue;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd
Njhop tpUk;Gfpwhs;. vdNt> $l;lj;jpw;F ,ila+Wfs; cz;lhfpd;wd.
jiytpapd; clypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fisf; fz;L nrtpypAk; ew;whAk;
fyq;FtH. nja;tf; Fw;wj;jhy; ,J epfo;e;jnjdf; fl;Ltpr;rpia mioj;J
FwpghHf;f KidtH. Njhop jiytpapd; fhjiyj; jpwk;gl vLj;Jf; $Wths;.
,jid mwj;NjhL epw;wy; vd;gH. jiytpapd; ngw;NwhH tiutpw;Fj; jilaha;
,Uj;jy; jiytp jiytNdhL mtD}Hf;Fr; nrd;WtpLjy; cz;L. ,jid
cld;Nghf;F vd;gH. cld;Nghf;fhy; fsT ntspg;gl;L tpLtjhy; mjd;gpd;
mikAk; jiytd; jiytp tho;f;ifiaf; fw;G tho;f;if vd;W Fwpg;gJ kuG.
fsTf; fhyj;jpy; jiytd; jiytpiag; gphpAk; gphptpid> nghUs; tapw;
gphpjy;> Nte;jHf;Fw;Wopg; gphpjy;> fhtw;Ghpjy; vd;W GytH Fwpg;gpLtH.

137
 fsT kzk; vd;gJ fw;G tho;f;iff;F xU topahfNt fUjg;gl;lJ.
kz tho;f;ifapy; <Lgl;L ,y;ywk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jiytd; jiytpaH
Kd;dpYk; mjpf md;GilNahuha; ,Ug;gH. ,t; ,y;yw tho;tpYk; gphpT
epfo;tJz;L. nghUs;tapw;gphpT> Xjw;gphpT> J}Jg;gphpT Mfpa gphpTfspYk;
guj;ijapw; gphpNt rq;f mfg;ghly;fspy; mjpfk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fsthfTk; fw;ghfTk; mikAk; ,t; mf tho;f;ifiag; ghLtjpy; xU
Kf;fpakhd kuG gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. ghly;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; khe;jHfs;
,aw;ngauhy; Rl;bf; $wg;gl khl;lhHfs;.
“kf;fs; Ejypa mfd;Ie; jpizAk;

Rl;b xUtH ngaHnfhsg; ngwhmH”

vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpaH tFj;j kuG. ,t; mfj;jpiz xUtHf;Nf md;wp
midtHf;Fk; chpajhfypd; ngaH Rl;lg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gH.

mfk; nghJikahjy;

mfj;jpd; rpwg;G ‘nghJik’ vd;Dk; gz;ghy; mike;jjhFk;.

mt;tifapy; mf ,yf;fpaj;jpy; khe;jHfspd; ngaHfs; Rl;bf; $wg;glkhl;lhJ
vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpa kughFk;.
kf;fs; Ejypa mfj;jpizAk;
Rl;b xUtH ngaH nfhsg;ngwh mH5
,j; njhy;fhg;gpa kuigg; gpd;gw;wp mf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jiytd;>
jiytp> Njhod;> Njhop> ew;wha;> nrtpyp> ghzd;> ghbdp vd;wthW
nghJikg;gLj;jg;gl;L kf;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; vg;nghOJk; nghUe;Jk; epiyapy;
mike;Js;sij mwpe;J Nghw;w KbAk;.

mfj;jpd; rpwg;gpy; el;gpd; capHik

jkpoHjk; mftho;tpaypy; jiykf;fspd; NrHf;if Kjd;ikahdJ.

,r;NrHf;ifapy; Njhod;> Njhopapd; gq;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,t;tpUthpYk;
Njhopapd; nray;ghLfs; kpFjpahdit vd;gij mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; %yk;
mwpe;Jnfhs;sKbAk;.
jiytpf;F ey;tho;T miktjpy; nghpJk; kfpo;gts; NjhopNa. jk;
Njhopahf jiytpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;shkNy fhyk; flj;Jtijf;

138
fz;L> mtd; kdjpy; gjpAkhW ey;thHj;ijfisf; Fwpg;ghff; $Wths;. mtd;
ehl;by; tpyq;Ffs; ,ay;ghf ,d;gj;ijg; ngWtijr; Rl;bf;fhl;b>
vjpHg;ghHg;Gld; md;gpizg;gpy; vk;jiytpia mZfpdhy; epiyahd ,d;gj;ij
vspjpy; ngw KbAk; vd;W jiytdpd; kdjpy; gjpAkhW ey;thHj;ijfisf;
Fwpg;ghff; $Wths;. mtd; ehl;by; tpyq;Ffs; ,ay;ghf ,d;gj;ijg;
ngWtijr; Rl;bf;fhl;b> md;gpizg;gpy; vk; jiytpia mZfpdhy; epiyahd
,d;gj;ij vspjpy; ngwyhk; vd;W jiytdpd; kdjpy; gjpAkhW el;GzHTld;
vLj;Jiuf;fpwhs;.
“Fwpah ,d;gk; vspjpd; epd;kiyg;
gy;NtW tpyq;Fk;> va;Jk; ehl
Fwpj;j ,d;gk; epdf;nftd; mhpa” 6
vd;Dk; ghlybfs; %yk; jiytd;> jiytpia tpiutpy; jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; epiyiaj; jiytDf;Fj; Njhop cUthf;fj;ij
czuyhk;. ,f;$w;Wld; epd;Wtplhky; jdf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; cs;s el;gpd;
capHikiaAk; xUkpj;j md;igAk; KiwNa vLj;Jiuf;Fk; ghq;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jiytid Nehf;fp> vk; jiytp kPJ eP kl;Lk; kpFjpAk;
md;Gilatdha;f; fUJfpwha;. mts; kPJ ngw;NwhUk; ehDk; caHthd md;G
itj;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;gij mtd; czUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fpwhs;. vq;fs; el;G
vd;Wk; gphpf;f KbahjjhFk;.
“ahNk gphpT ,d;W ,ae;J Jtuh el;gpd;

,Ujiyg; Gs;spapd; XUapuk;Nk” 7

vd;Dk; mfehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; Njhopapd; $w;wha; mike;J> vq;fspd; md;G
el;ghy; typik ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gijj; jiytDf;Fr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lths;. vdNt>
vk; jiytpiaf; fstpy; re;jpg;gijj; ;jtpHj;J fw;G kzkhfpa ,dpa tho;it
vjpHnfhs;. mg;nghOJjhd; mts; kPJ md;Gs;s ngw;NwhHfSk; jiytpAk;
xUNru kfpo;tH. mk;kfpo;T midtUf;Fk; nghJepiyapy; ,dpik jUtjhFk;.
me;epfo;it tpiutpy; nra;thahf vd;W Njhop> jiytdplk; $Wk; ghq;F
cstpay; jd;ikapy; mike;jjhFk;. ,q;F Njhop el;gpdshfpa jiytpf;F
,dpik NrHg;gtsha; mike;J ey;tho;T mika Jizepw;Fk; Nghf;fpidg;
ghHf;f KbfpwJ.

139
md;gpd; typikiaf; fhl;Lk; el;G
fhjypy; fsTtho;T midtUk; Nghw;Wk; fw;G tho;thf kyu Ntz;Lk;.
,f;fw;G tho;tpy; fhjy; epiyahf epw;f Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt cz;ik md;gpd;
typikahFk;. ,e;epfo;itj; Njhop jiytdplk; vLj;Jf;$wp cz;ik md;G
epiyngw ew;ghykhf mikfpd;whs;. CH kf;fs; mwpa jiytpiaj; jiytd;
kzk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W tha;g;G fpilf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; tw;GWj;Jths;.
jiytNdh fsT tho;itNa tpUk;gp fhyk; flj;Jfpd;whd;. ,tdpd; Nghf;if
Nehpilahff; fz;bf;fhjj; jiytp thl;lKWfpwhs;. ,jid czHe;j Njhop>
midtUk; mwpa jiytpia clNd kzk; GhpAkhW Fwpg;ghf tw;GWj;Jths;.
jiytpiaf; fhz tUk; cd; tUif jilg;gl;ljhy; vk; jiytp
nghpJk; tUj;jKWfpwhs;. ,e;epiy njhpe;Jk; Vd; fhyk; jho;j;Jfpwha;.
mwpTilNahH ey; ,d;gj;ijNa mila tpUk;GthHfs;. vdNt> mwpTilNahH
ew;nraiyr; nra;tjw;F KOikaha; <LgL vd;W jiytdpd; ghq;fd; Nghd;W
ghq;fp chpikAld; vLj;Jiuf;Fk; epiyapid mfehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpe;J
nfhs;s KbAk;.
“ehs;,ilg; gbd; vd;Njhop thohs;
Njhspil Kaf;fk; ePAk; nta;ia
fopaf; fhjyH MapDk; rhd;NwhH
gopnahL t&ck; ,d;gk; nt/fhH
tiuapd; vtNdh? thd;Njha; ntw;g” 8
vd;Dk; ghlybfs; %yk; jiytd; kPJ jiytp itj;jpUf;Fk; md;Gk;>
jpUkzk; nra;tjpy; fhyk; jho;j;jpaikahy; jiytpgLk; JauKk; xUNru
czug;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpUthpd; NrHf;ifapy; Njhop XH ,izg;Gg;ghykhf
tpsq;Ftij mwpaKbfpwJ.

md;Ng Kjd;ik
FLk;g tho;tpay; ey;epiyapy; miktjw;F md;G epiyj;j fhuzkha;
mikfpwJ. mt;tho;tpay; rpwf;f nghUs; <l;LtJ fl;lhakhfpwJ. fsT> fw;G
vd;Dk; ,U epiyfspYk; ngUs; NjLjy; nghUl;L jiytd; ghpjYz;L.
nghUisg; ngwepidf;Fk; jiytd;> jiytpapd; khWgl;l Njhw;wj;ijf; fz;L
jd; Nghf;fpidj; jw;fhypfkhf khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyiaAk; ghHf;fKbAk;.
,e;epiyiar; ‘nrytOq;fy;’ vd;Dk; Jiwapy; mlf;fpg; ghHf;fyhk;.

140
 “Xtr; nra;jpapd; xd;W epide;J xw;wp
ghit kha;j;j gdpePH Nehf;fnkhL
Mfj;J xLf;fpa Gjy;td; Gd;jiyj;
J}ePH gae;j Jizaik gpizay;
Nkhapds; caHj;j fhiy khkyH
kzpcU ,oe;j mzpaop Njhw;wk;
fz;Nl fbe;jdk; nryNt” 9
vd;Dk; ghlybfs; %yk; jiytpapd; ngU%r;rhy; ey;kyHfs; jk; jd;ikia
,oe;jd. mtSk; nghpJk; thl;lKw;whs;. ,e;epfo;itf; fz;l jiytd; jhd;
nghUs; <l;lr; nrd;W tpl;lhy; vq;qdk; ,Ug;ghs; vd;W czHe;J jd;
nrytpidj; jtpHj;J tpLfpd;whd;.
jpUts;StUk; nrytOq;fy; Jiwiar; rpwg;ghff; fhl;LfpwhH.
“nry;yhik cz;Nly; vdf;Fiu kw;Wepd;

ty;tuT tho;NthHf;F ciu” 10

vd;Dk; Fws; %yk; jiytd; kPJ jiytp kpFe;j md;G itj;jpUe;jjhy;
jd;id tpl;Lg; gphpe;J nry;yf;$lhJ vd;W fUJk; Nghf;fpidg; ghHf;fpNwhk;.
mjw;Nfw;whH Nghd;W jiytDk; jd; gazj;ijj; jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp
itj;J> md;gpizg;gpy; ,dpik fhZk; Nghf;fpidg; ghHf;fpNwhk;.
jiytpapd; cs;SzHit czHe;j jiytd; jhd;nrd;w nraypy;
ntw;wp ngw;W> jiytpiaf; fhz;gjw;Fj; NjHg;ghfdplk; tpiuthfj; Njiu
Xl;Lk;gbf; $Wfpd;whd;. vk; jiytp ey; mofpidAk; ew;gz;igAk; xUNrug;
ngw;wts;. mts; kfpOkhW nrd;W fhzNtz;Lk;. vdNt> Njhpid tpiuthfr;
nrYj;JkhW fl;lisapLfpwhd;.
“mUq;fbf; fhl;lhd; mQ;RtU %J}Hj;
jpUefH mlq;fpa khR,y; fw;gpd;
mhpkjH kiof;fz; mikGiu gizj;Njhs;
mzq;Frhy; fypkhg; g+z;l NjNu” 11
Nkw;fhl;ba ghlybfs; %yk; jiytpapd; kPJ jiytd; itj;jpUf;Fk;
cz;ik md;G ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
nghUl;nry;tk; midtiuAk; nghUs; cilatuha; khw;Wk; jd;ikaJ.
mfk;> Gwk; vd;Wk; ,U tho;tpay; epiyfspYk; nghUspd; Njit kpFjpahFk;.

141
,j;jifa nry;tk; jk; tho;tpw;Fk; nghJ tho;tpw;Fk; nghpJk; Jiz epw;Fk;
jd;ikajhFk;. ,t;twptpid jkpoHfs; ed;F czHe;jpUe;j nra;jpapid
mfehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
“mwd;filg; glhm tho;f;ifAk; vd;Wk;
gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tKk; ,uz;Lk;
nghUspd; MFk;” 12
Kiwahd nry;tg;ngUf;fhy; mwtho;f;if rPuha; miktjw;Fk
;vthplKk; ,uthjj; jd;ikiag; ngWtjw;Fk; chpa #o;epiy cUthFk;
vd;gij Nkw;$wpa ghlybfs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

goe;jkpoH fhjy;

rq;f fhyk; Kjw;rq;fk;> ,ilr; rq;fk;> filr; rq;fk; vd %d;W

fhyq;fis nfhz;lJ. rq;ffhy kf;fs; tho;f;if Kiwapid vLj;Jf;
nfhz;lhy; ve;jnthU nkhopf;fyg;Gk;> ,df;fyg;Gk; ,y;yhky; jkpo; jkpohf
,Ue;j fhyk; vd;W $wpf;nfhs;syhk;.
rq;ffhyj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rk me;j];JlNdNa
Nehf;fg;gl;lhHfs; vd;gJld;> ,yf;fpak; thapyhf MoNehf;fpdhy;
,e;jf;fhyj;jpy; ngz; mbikj;jdk;> mghpjkhd ngz;ikf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. midtUf;Fk; chpa Rje;jpuk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. Mz;fSld;
ngz;fs; rf[khfg; gofpdhHfs;. fw;G newpapy; rPhpa tho;f;if Kiwia
nfhz;ltHfshfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mz; vd;why; mtd; tPudhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj ngz;zpd; vjpHghHg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
epyj;jpd; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;L mtHfs; tho;e;J te;j ,lj;ij>
FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy vd Itif epyq;fshf tFj;J
tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. epyj;jpd; jd;ikfs;> mtw;wpd; Nkyhd njhopy;> mtw;wpd;
%yk; cz;lhFk; ,ay;Gfs; vd;gd ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jhf;fj;ij nrYj;jpd.
nghJthfNt rq;f fhy fhjy; ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F Mokhd xU tiuaiw
cz;L. me;j tiuaiw cilgl;lhy; mJ fhjy; ,yf;fpakhf (mfk;)
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glkhl;lhJ.
jk;Ks; $Lk; ,d;dk; ,d;dnjd;W nrhy;yhik> ngaHRl;lhik> xt;thj
fhjy; Kuzhd fhjy;fs; (nghUe;jhf;fhkk;) mfk; vd;W nfhs;sy; MfhJ.
,g;gb epiwa tpjpfSk; cz;L.
142
 kiyAk; kiy rhHe;j ,lKkhfpa FwpQ;rp epyj;jpy; cz;lhd fhjy;
,J xU ngz; fhjypdhy; gLk; ,d;g typia mofhf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH ,e;j
nra;Ais ,aw;wpa fgpyH.
“Ntuy; Ntyp NtH Nfhl; gytpd;
rhuy; ehl nrt;tpia MFkjp
ahH m/J mwpe;jprpNdhNu rhuy;
rpW nfhl;Lg; ngUk; gok; J}q;fpahq;F> ,ts;
capH jtr; rpwpJ fhkNkh nghpNjh…”
rpwpa xU fpisapy; ghuk; jhq;fhky; njhq;Fk; nghpa gyhg;gok;Nghy>
fhjy; tag;gl;L epw;Fk; ,tsJ fhjy; kpfg;nghpaJ. Mdhy; mij jhq;Fk;
msTf;F mts; capH nghpajhfj; njhpatpy;iy. mJ kpfr;rpwpaJ. ,e;j
NtjidapidAk; tpuf jhgj;ijAk; ahHjhd; mwpthHfNsh! NtHg;gyhf;fSf;F
%q;fpy; Ntypapl;L ghJfhf;Fk; kiyehl;bd; jiytNd!! vd tpopf;fpd;wJ.
ghiyepyj;J ngz; xUts; tpufjhg cr;rj;jpy; gpjw;Wtjhf nfhy;yd;
moprp vd;w Gytdpd; nra;As;.
“fd;Wk; cz;zhJ fyj;jpDs; glhJ
ey; Md; jPk; ghy; epyj;jpy; cf;fh mq;F
vdf;F mfhJ vd;idf;Fk; cjthJ
griy czP,aH Ntz;Lk;
jpjiy my;Fy; vd; khikf; ftpNd”
fd;Wk; Fbf;fhky; ghj;jpuj;jpYk; fwf;fhky;> epyj;jpy; tPNz
tope;JNghFk; gRtpd; ghiyg;Nghy> vdf;Fk; cjthky;> vd; jiytDf;Fk;
,y;yhky; vd; moFk; tPzhfpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wNj.
nea;jy; epyg;ngz; fhjy; tag;gl;L J}f;fk; njhiyj;J epd;w czHit
gJkdhH vd;w GytH nrhy;fpd;whH.
“es;nsd;wd;Nw> ahkk; nrhy; mtpj;J>
,dpJ mlq;fpdNu> khf;fs; KdpT ,d;W>
ede;jiy cyfKk; JQ;Rk;
XH ahd; kw;w JQ;rhNjNd”
es;spuT eprg;jk; epyTfpd;wNj. jkJ rj;jq;fis vy;yhk; njhiyj;J
kf;fs; J}q;Ffpd;wdNu> mllh cyfNk J}q;Ffpd;wNj vd;idj;jtpu!
vd;fpwhs;.
143
 MZf;F ehzk; te;jhy; mijtpl mt];ij NtW ,y;iy vd;gij
rhpahf;FtJ Nghy FwpQ;rp epyj;J jiytd; xUtd; ntl;fg;gLfpd;whd; Vd;
vd;W GytH njhy;fgpyH nrhy;fpd;whH.
“mkpo;J nghjp nre; eh mQ;r te;j
thHj;J ,yf;F it vapw;Wr; rpy; nkhop mhpitiag;
ngWfjpy; mk;k ahNd ngw;whq;F
mwpfjpy; mk;k ,t; CNu kWfpy;>
ey;Nyhs; fztd; ,td; vdg;
gy;NyhH $w> ah mk; ehZfk; rpwpNj”
ed;whf rpte;JNghd ehf;F> mzpNrHe;jJ Nghy mofhd rpwpa gw;fs;>
Fiwthd Ngr;R cs;s ,e;jg;ngz;iz jhd; mile;jNghJ> me;j CNu
jd;id ,e;j “ey;ytd;jhd;” ,tspd; fztd; vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ nfhQ;rk;
ntl;fg;gLthuhk; ,tH.
FwpQ;rp epyj;ijr; NrHe;j jiytp xUj;jp fhjypj;J jd; fz;fspd;
epwk; khwpaJ vd;gJ Nghy vOjpAs;shH GytH fgpyH.
“khR mwf; foP,a ahid Nghyg;
ngUk; ngay; coe;j ,Uk; gpdH JWfy;
igjy; xU jiyr;Nrf;Fk; ehld;
Neha; je;jdNd Njhop
griy MHe;jd> ek; Ftis mk; fz;Nz”
mOf;Fg; Nghf Rj;jkhf fOtg;gl;l ahidapidg; NghyTk;> ngUk;
kioapdhy; epynky;yhk; fOtg;gl;L Rj;jkhd ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtd; vdf;F
je;j fhjy; Nehahy; fWg;ghd vd; fz;fs; ,g;Ngh gr;irahf Ngha;tpl;lJ
vd;fpd;whs;.

jiytdpd; mw czHTk;> fhjYk;

Mz;kfd; nghUsPl;b tUjy; ngUik. cyf ,aw;if. xUtd; nghUs;

<l;LtJ gpwUf;F nfhLj;J tho;tjw;fhfj; jhd; mt;thW nfhLj;J tho;fpd;w
epiyapy; Gfo; fpilf;Fk; vd;gij>
“<jo; ,irgl tho;jy; mJty;yJ

Cjpak; ,y;iy capHf;F” 13

144
vd;ghH ts;StH.
“nghUs; ,y;NyhHf;F m/J ,iaahJ MFjy;

ahDk; mwpntd; kd;Nd” 14

jiytd;> mw czHT njhpe;jtdhf ,Ue;Jk; md;Gf;fapw;why;
gpizf;fg;gl;bUg;gij tpsf;Ftjhf>
“g+NthL tsHe;j %thg; gRq;fha;
ePhpDk; ,dpa Mfp $Hvapw;W
mkpo;jk; CWk; nrt;tha;>
xz;jhb> FW kfl; nfhz;ldk; nrypNd” 15
vd;w ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ. Gjpjhfg; g+f;fpd;w g+f;fNshL tsHe;J tUk;
Myq;fl;b Nghd;w xsp nghUe;jpa Kw;whj ,sq;fhapd; ePH kpf ,dpik
cilaJ. vk; jiytpapd; Ks;is x;j KidAila $hpa gw;fsplj;J tplhJ
CWk; ,dpa ePH mg;gRq;fha; nfhz;l ePhpidf; fhl;bYk; kpf kpf
,dpikAilaJ vd;fpwhd;. ,J>
“ghNyhL Njd; fye;jw;Nw gzpnkhop

thnsapW Cwpa ePH” 16

vd;W $wpa ts;Stj; jiytid gpd;Df;Fj; js;sptpl;ld vd;Nw vz;zj;
Njhd;wpaJ.
fhLfs; gy fle;J nrd;W ,y;tho;Tf;F Ntz;ba nghUs; ed;F
kjpf;fj;jf;f nghUshf ,Ue;jhYk; jiytpiag; gphpahJ tho;jNy
kjpf;fj;jf;f czHe;j nghUshFk; vd;w fUj;ij ,g;ghly; czHj;Jfpd;wJ.
“…… mspay; jhNd ahf;iff;F
capH ,iae;jd;d el;gpd; mt;TapH
tho;jy; md;d fhjy;
rhjy; md;d gphpTmhp NahNs” 17
capH tho;tjw;F fhjy; kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ. mf;fhjiyf;
nfhz;ltisg; gphpa NeHtJ ,wg;gJ Nghd;wjhFk; vd;fpwhH GytH.

fypj;njhifapy; fhjy; gz;ghL

fhjy; tho;tpd; El;gq;fis kpf mofhff; $Wk; E}y;fSs; xd;W

fypj;njhif. ,jd; ctikfs; moF kpf;fd@ Xir ,dpik kpf;fJ@

145
vz;zq;fs; kpf caHe;jd. ,Uf;fpd;w xNu Miliag; gFj;J cLj;J thOk;
nfhba tWik epiyapYk;> kdk; xd;wp thOk; tho;f;ifNa rpwe;j ,y;yw
tho;f;if vd;gij xU GytH gpd;tUkhW ghLfpwhH.
xd;wd; $whil cLg;gtNu MapDk;
xd;wpdhH tho;f;ifNa tho;f;if!
fhjyd; Jd;gj;jpy; gq;F Vw;wiytplf; fhjypf;Fg; nghpa ,d;gk;
,y;iy vd;fpwhH xU jiytp.
md;gwr; #ohNj Mw;wpil Ek;nkhL
Jd;gk; Jizahf ehbd; mJty;yJ
,d;gKk; cz;Nlh vkf;F?
kdj;jpy; tUj;jk; cz;lhFk;gb gphpe;J nry;tijg; gw;wp vz;zhky;
cd;Dld; te;J topapy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tijtpl NtW
,d;gk; vq;fSf;F cz;lh vd;gJ nghUs;.
fypj;njhifapy; xU fhl;rp. gUtk; fspelk; GhpAk; gUtj;jpdH.
jhfj;ij kl;LNk tpopfs; topatpLk; cUtj;jpdH. nea;jy; g+ epiwe;jhLk;
fiufs; NjhWk; ,tHfs; fhjNy rpe;jpf;fple;jJ. fhjypd; fhy; fOtpr; nrd;w
miyfs; nksdk; fhj;jd. Xa;tw;w Cuhhpd; tpopfis vj;jid
ehl;fSf;Fj;jhd; fl;bg;Nghl KbAk;?
,e;j ,sq;fhjy;> CHtha;fF
; mty; MdJ. nky;y nky;y nkd;wJ
CH. capnuy;yhk; fhjy; vd;wiye;j fhjyd; Chpd; nrhy;Yf;F mQ;rj;
njhlq;fpdhd;. fhyNthl;lj;jpy; fhjy; re;jpg;igr; rj;jkpd;wp epWj;jptpl;lhd;.
kzkhdhy; CH myH mope;JtpLk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy;> CHr;nrhy; gw;wp
tUe;jhjtshfj; jd; Mof;fhjiyj; njhlHe;jhs; eq;if. MapDk; miyf;fiu
vq;Fk; fhjyidf; fhNzhk;.
kdk; tUe;jpdhs;. NjhopaH %yk; fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jhs;. CUf;F
mQ;rp mtd; jd; fhjiyj; Jwf;f Kide;jik mtSf;F NkYk; Jauj;ijj;
je;jJ. Jtz;L Nghdhs;. JaH Jilf;f Kd;te;jhs; xU Njhop. cd; fhjiy
ehd; fhg;ghw;WfpNwd; vd;whs;.
miyAk; tiyAkha; ePz;L fple;j fiuNjhWk; jiytpapd; fhjiyj;
Njbdhs;. Njbats; tpoptiyapy;> mfg;gl;lhd; fhjyd;. fhjyDf;Fs;
fhjiyj; NjLfpwhs; Njhop. khiy Neuf; flw;fhw;W ,d;gkspf;fpwNjh?
tpdTfpwhs; Njhop. Mk; vd;fpwhd;. eyk; kpf;j jiytNd> Mw;Wjy; Nghw;Wjy;>

146
gz;G> md;G> mwpT> nrwpT> epiw> Kiw> nghiw Nghd;w gz;Gfis eP
mwpthah? ehd; mwpNad;. mwpa Ntz;ba mtrpaKk; vdf;F ,y;iy.
Njhopapd; cl;fUj;ijg; Ghpe;Jf;nfhz;L vfj;jhskhfg; gjpy; $wpdhd;.
…Gs; my;Fk; Jiwt Nfs;
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ> xd;W myHe;jtHf;F cjTjy;
Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ> GzHe;jhiug; gphpahik
gz;G vdg;gLtJ> ghlwpe;J XOJjy;
md;G vdg;gLtJ> jd;fpis nrUmik
mwpT vdg;gLtJ> NgijaH nrhy; Nehd;wy;
nrwpT vdg;gLtJ> $wpaJ kUmik
epiw vdg;gLtJ kiwgpwH mwpahik
Kiw vdg;gLtJ> fz;XlhJ capHntsty;
nghiw vdg;gLtJ Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy;
Mq;fij mwpe;jdpH Mapd;> vd;Njhop
ey;Ejy; eyd; cz;L Jwj;jy;> nfhz;f!
jPk;ghy; cz;gtH nfhs;fyk; tiujy;
epd;jiy tUe;jpahs; Jauk;
nrd;wid fisNkh g+z;fepd; NjNu” 18
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ> ,y;yhNjhUf;F cjTjy;> Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ jk;ikf;
$batiu vf;fhyj;Jk; gphpahjpUg;gJ> gz;G vd;gJ> cyf xOf;fk; mwpe;J
xOFjy;> md;G vd;gJ cwtpdiu epiy nflhJ fhj;jy;> mwpT vd;gJ>
mwptw;NwhH nrhy; nghWj;jy;> nrwpT vd;gJ nrhy; jtwhik> epiw vd;gJ>
kiwf;f Ntz;batw;iwg; gpwH mwpahJ fhg;gJ> Kiw vd;gJ Ntz;batH
Ntz;lhjtH vd NtWghL fhl;lhjpUg;gJ> nghiw vd;gJ fhyk; tUk;tiu
fhj;jpUg;gJ.
,itnay;yhk; eP mwpe;jpUe;jhy; jiytpia ,d;Gw;Wj; Jwj;jiy eP
nra;jpUf;fkhl;lha;. cd; nra;if ghy; cz;l gpwF> ghj;jpuj;ijf; ftpo;j;J
tpLjYf;F xg;ghdJ. ,tw;iw eP Ghpe;J nfhz;lhy;> cld; nrd;W mts;
Jauk; ePf;F. mts; ,Ug;gplk; Nehf;fp cd; Njiug; g+l;L.
ntl;fpj; jiyFdpe;jtd; cs;sj;jpy; GijAz;bUe;j fhjy; kPz;Lk;
g+j;jJ. Njhopapd; ntw;wpia MHg;ghpj;Jf; nfhz;lhbd miyfs;.

147
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; thapy;fs;

njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhuk; mfj;jpizapay;> Gwj;jpizapay;>

fstpay;> fw;gpay;> nghUspay;> nka;g;ghl;bay;> ctktpay;> nra;Aspay;>
kugpay; Mfpa xd;gJ ,ay;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t;xd;gJ ,ay;fspd;
topahf mf;fhyj;jkpoH jk; rKjha tho;tpay; newpfis ehk; mwpe;J
nfhs;s KbAk;. Nkw;$wg;gl;l ,ay;fspy; mfj;jpizapay;> fstpay;>
fw;gpay;> nghUspay; Mfpa ehd;F ,ay;fspy; jkpoHjk; mftho;tpidj;
njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Gwj;jpizapaypy; jkpoHjk; Gwtho;tpidj; njhpe;J
nfhs;syhk;. Vida ,ay;fshf nka;g; ghl;bapay; Kjyhd ehd;F ,ay;fspd;
topahf mfg;Gw tho;tpaYf;Fj; Njitahd nra;jpfisj; njhpe;J
nfhs;syhk;.

md;gpd; Ie;jpizf;F chpauhfp mfnthOf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;gtHfs;

jiytd;> jiytp Mfpa ,UtuhtH. mt;tpUtUf;Fk; cjtp nra;gtHfshf
,Ug;gtiuj; njhy;fhg;gpaH thapy;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. thapy;fshfj;
Njhd;WgtHfs; ,d;dhH vd;gij mtH>
Njhop jhNa ghHg;ghd; ghq;fd;
ghzd; ghbdp ,isaH tpUe;jpdH
$j;jH tpwypaH mwptH fz;NlhH
ahj;j rpwg;gpd; thapy;fs; vd;g
vd;w E}w;ghtpy; $wpAs;shH.

thapy;fspd; tifg;ghLfs;

njhy;fhg;gpaH $wpAs;s thapy; cWg;gpdHfis ehk; %d;whfg; gphpj;Jf;

nfhs;syhk;. mit>
1. caHe;j thapy; cWg;gpdHfs;
2. xj;j thapy; cWg;gpdHfs;
3. jho;e;j thapy; cWg;gpdHfs; vd;gdthk;.

mwptH> nrtpypj;jha; KjypNahnuy;yhk; caHe;j thapy;fshtH. Njhop>

ghq;fd; KjypNahnuy;yhk; xj;J cld;goFk; thapy;fshtH. ,isNahH> $j;jH
tpwypaH KjypNahnuy;yhk; jho;e;j thapy;fshtH. jho;e;j thapNyhHfisf;

148
Fw;Nwty; nra;gtHfshff; nfhs;syhk;. my;yJ jw;fhy tof;fg;gb
Ntiyf;fhuHfshff; fUjyhk;.

thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfspd; rpwg;G

caHe;j thapy;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> xj;j thapy;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;>

jho;e;j thapy;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; ,tHfnsy;yhk; jiytd; jiytp vd;Wk;
,Uthplj;Jk; md;G nfhz;L mtHfs; rpwg;ghf tho;tjw;F cjTgtHfshf
tpsq;fpdH. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpaH>
vy;yh thapDk; ,UtH Njvj;Jk;
Gy;ypa kfpo;rr
; pg; nghUs vd;g
vd;w E}w;ghtpy; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH.
thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfspd; Ngr;R thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfs;
NgRk;NghJ ntspg;gilahfg;NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fUj;ijj;jhd; njhy;fhg;gpaH>
thapy; fpstp ntspg;glf; fpsj;jy;
jhypd;W chpa jj;jk; $w;Nw
vd;Dk; E}w;ghtpy; $wpAs;shH ,e;E}w;ghtpw;F ciunaOJk; ,sk;g+uzH.
jhq;fs; nrhy;y Ntz;ba nra;jpiaf; Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;yhy; kiwj;Jf;
$wpdhy; Fw;wnkd;id vd;w tpdhit vOg;gpf; nfhz;L> thapy;fs; Fw;Nwty;
KiwikahujyhDk; Nfl;NghH nghpNahuhjyhDk; ntspg;glf; $whf;fhy;
nghUs; tpsq;fhikahDk; mt;thW $wpdhy; ,tH $w;wpw;Fg; gad;
,d;ikahDk; ntspg;glNt $WtH vd;f vd;gH.
thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfs; jiytd;> jiytpaplj;J Ngr
Ntz;baitfs; thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfs; jiytdplk; nrd;W
jiytpiag; gw;wp vd;ndd;dnty;yhk; Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; njhy;fhg;gpaH
$Wfpd;whH. jiytpapd; fw;Gnewp> fhkj;ijg; gw;wpa ey;nyhOf;fk;> nghWik>
tpUe;jpdiug; NgZk;gz;G> cwtpdiuf; fhf;Fk; epiy Kjyhd gy ey;y
Fzq;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid mtH>

fw;Gk; fhkKk; ew;ghy; xOf;fKk;

nky;ypaw; nghiwAk; epiwAk; ty;ypjpd;
tpUe;J Gwe;jUjYk; Rw;wk; Xk;gYk;
gpwTk; md;d fpoNthd; khz;Gfs;

149
 Kfk;Gfy; Kiwikapd; fpoNthw;F ciuj;jy;
mfk; Gfy; kugpd; thapy;fl;F chpa
vd;w E}w;ghthy; czHj;jpAs;shH.
Nkw;$wpa nra;jpiag; Nghd;W thapy;fshfj; Njhd;WgtHfs;
jiytdplk; nrd;W jiytidg; gw;wp vd;ndd;dnty;yhk; Ngr Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijAk; njhy;fhg;gpaH $wpAs;shH. jiytpapd; Kd;dhy; jiytdpd;
Gwj;njhOf;fk; Nghd;w nfhLikr; nra;jpfisf; $Wjy; $lhJ. ,jid> mtH
kidtp jiyj;jhs; fpoNthd; nfhLik
jk;Ks; thjy; thapy;fl;F ,y;iy
vd;wthW $wpAs;shH.

mfg;nghUs; khe;jH

mfg;nghUs; vd;gJ cyfpay; tof;fj;Jf;Fk;> ehlf tof;fj;Jf;Fk;

nghUe;jptUkhW gpd;dg;gl;lNjhH tho;f;iff; fsQ;rpak;. ,jpy; cs;s
mfg;nghUs; jiytHfs;> mfg;nghUs; thapy;fs; MfpNahH mfg;nghUs; khe;jH
MtH.

jdpr;rpwg;G

,e;j mfg;nghUs; khe;jHfspd; ,aw;ngaHfs; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjpy;iy.

,aw;ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhy; mtHfs; Gwg;nghUs; khe;jH MfptpLtH.

mfg;nghUs; jiytHfs;
mfg;nghUs; tof;fpy; jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;wpUf;Fk; Mz;kfidj;
jiytd;> jiykfd;> fpotd;> fpoNthd; vd;gH.

ngz;kfisj; jiytp> jiykfs;> fpoNths;> fpoj;jp vd;gH.

fhkf; fpoj;jpaH jiytid kzg;gtH.

mfg;nghUs; thapy;fs;

mfk; vd;gJ mfg;nghUs; jiyth;fs; thOk; ,y;yk;. fl;lg;gl;l

,y;yj;Jf;F Kd;wpy;> Eiothapy;> Giof;fil vd;Dk; thapy;fs; ,Ug;gJ
Nghy mfj;jpizj; jiyth;fshfpa jiytd; jiytpahpd; mfkhfpa

150
cs;sq;fs; xd;wpnyhd;W epiyahf Eioe;jpUg;gjw;F thapy;fshfr; rpyh;
,Ug;gh;. mth;fs; Njhop> jha;> nrtpyp> ghh;g;ghd;> ghq;fd;> ghzd;> ghbdp>
,isah;> tpUe;jpdh;> $j;jh;> tpwypah;> mwpth;> fz;Nlhh; MfpNahh;. ,th;fisr;
rpwg;Gil kugpd; thapy;fs; vd;gh;. 19

fsT tho;f;ifapd; NghJ ciuahLNthh;

ghh;ghd;> ghq;fd;> Njhop> nrtpyp> fpotd;> fpoj;jp vd;Dk; MW Ngh;. 20

fw;G tho;f;ifapd; NghJ ciuahLNthh;

ghzd;> $j;jd;> tpwyp> guj;ij> ahzk; rhd;w mwpth;> fz;Nlhh;>
NgZjF kugpd; ghh;g;ghd; KjyhNdhUk;> fsT tho;f;ifapy; ciuahLk;
mWtUk;. 21

mfg;nghUs; jiytd;

FLk;gj; jiytd;> r%fj; jiytd;> murpay; jiytd;> murd;> mitj;

jiytd; MfpNahiu ehk; mwpNthk;. ,th;fs; ,f;fhyj;jpYk; nfhs;sg;gLk;
tho;tpay; khe;jh;fs;. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; vdg;gLk; fij
my;yJ tuyhw;W kdpjDk; cz;L. ,th;fs; vy;yhUk; Gwg;nghUs; khe;jh;fs;.
,th;fs; tho;tpay; khe;jh;fshapd; ‘jpU’ vd;Dk; milnkhopAld;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. ,yf;fpaj; jiytdhapd; mtdJ ngah; mtdJ
,aw;ngauhYk;> gz;Gg; ngauhYk;> md;nkhopj;njhifg; ngauhYk;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. vg;gbNah Gwj;jpizapy; tUk; jiytd; ngah; mtid kl;Lk;
czh;j;Jk; tifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
mfg;nghUspy; jiytd; vd;Dk; nrhy; jdpg;gl;l xUtid czh;j;jhJ.
fhjy; tho;f;ifapy; fhjydhfTk;> ,y;yw tho;f;ifapy; fztdhfTk; thOk;
vtidAk; Fwpf;Fk;. jkpo; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,tidg;gw;wpf; $Wk;
nra;jpfs; jkpohpd; tho;f;ifiag; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
jiytidj; jiykfd;> fpotd;> fpoNthd; vd;nwy;yhk; Fwpg;gpLth;.

mtDf;F mts;> mtSf;F mtd; vd chpik cz;lhtijf; fpotd;>

fpoj;jp vd;Dk; nrhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLth;. (fpoik = chpik)

,e;j mfj;jpizj; jiytdpd; gq;F ,d;dnjdj; njhy;fhg;gpak;

njhFj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ.

151
mfg;nghUs; jiytp

mfg;nghUs; khe;jh;fspy; xUtuhf tUk; jiytpiaj; jiykfs;>

fpoj;jp> fpoNths; kidNahs; vd;nwy;yhk; Fwpg;gpLth;. ,ts; fhjy;
tho;f;ifapy; fhjypahfTk;> kidtpahfTk; ntspg;gLths;.

mtDf;F mts;> mtSf;F mtd; vd chpik cz;lhtijf; fpotd;>

fpoj;jp vd;Dk; nrhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLth;. (fpoik = chpik)

clYwT chpik tho;f;ifapy; ,tSf;F cs;s gq;ifj;

njhy;fhg;gpak; njhFj;Jk; tphpj;Jk; fhl;LfpwJ. ,tw;why; jkpohpd; tho;f;ifg;
ghq;if czuKbAk;.
fhjy; tho;f;ifapy; jiytpapd; gq;Fk;> ciuahly;fSk; epfOk;
#oy;fs; ,g;gFjpapy; njhFj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
jiytd; tUifapy; gfw;FwpAk;> ,uTf;FwpAk; gpiog;gl;lNghJ
mtd; thuhjNghJ mtSf;Fg; nghOJ Nghfhik
Fwpaplj;ijg; ghh;f;Fk;Nghnjy;yhk;
jPBnud mtd; tPl;Lf;Nf te;Jtpl;lhy; mtDf;F cjTjy;
ngUk; jilfisf; fle;J mtd; tUk;NghJ
mfd; $ba gp;d;dh; ehzj;njhL mtid mDg;Gk;NghJ
jpUkzj;Jf;Fg; gpd; cwT vd;W Njhop jLf;Fk;NghJ
ngw;Nwhh; jpUkzj;Jf;F cld;gl;lNghJk;> kWj;jNghJk;
jiytpapd; $w;W epfOk;.

Njhop

Gw xOf;fj;jpy; Jizepw;gJ el;G. mf xOf;fj;jpy; Jiz epw;gJ

Njhoik. gz;ila jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; mftho;f;ifapy; jiytDf;Fj;
Jiz epw;gtidg; ghq;fd; vd;Wk;> jiytpf;Fj; Jiz epw;gtisj; Njhop
vd;Wk; toq;Ffpd;wd. Njhop mfj;jpiz thapy;fspy; xUtH. jiytpf;F
mtis tsHj;j nrtpypapd; kfs; Njhopahf ,Ug;ghs;. 22

GzHr;rpf;Fg; gpd;dH
mtd; ,d;dJ nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd ‘Xk;gilf; fpstp’ $Wjy;> ‘nrq;fL

nkhop’ahy; mtsplk; ciuahly;> mtDf;fhf mtis tw;GWj;jy;>

152
 mtd; tUk; topapd; ,ila+Wfisg; Ngry;> mts; ngw;NwhH
ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ug;gij mtDf;F ciuj;jy;. mtdJ gpwg;G rpwg;G
Kjyhdtw;iwj; njspthf mwpe;Jnfhz;L jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;SkhW
tw;GWj;jy; Kjyhdit mtd; mtisg; GzHe;J nrd;wgpd; epfOk;.

jha; nrtpyp nraiyj; jLj;jy;. (ntwpahl;L> NtnwhUtUf;Fj;

jpUkzk;> Kjyhdit)

nfhz;L jiyf;fopjy; epfOk;NghJ Njhopapd; gq;F

fsT tho;f;ifapd; xU gFjp nfhz;Ljiyf; fopjy;. jiytd;

jiytpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj; jd; CUf;F mioj;Jr;
nry;thd;. ,J jiytpapd; ngw;NwhH jiytpiaj; jiytDf;F kzk;
Kbj;Jj; ju ,irahj NghJ epfOk;. ,jpy; Njhopapd; gq;F vd;d vd;gijAk;
njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
,r;nrayhy; epfotpUf;Fk; Jd;gq;fis vLj;Jiuj;jy;> nfhz;Lnry; vd
xg;Gjy; toq;Fjy;> jiytpia mDg;gpitj;jy;> mDg;gpa gpd; tUe;Jjy;>
jhapd; tUj;jk; fz;L jiytpia kPl;Lf; nfhs;Sjy;> jhiaj; Njw;Wjy; -
vdj; Njhopapd; gq;F mikAk;. 23

fw;nghOf;fj;jpy; Njhopapd; gq;F

fw;G tho;f;if vd;gJ jpUkzj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dH thOk; fztd;

kidtpahpd; cwT tho;f;if. ,jpy; Njhopapd; gq;F ,d;dJ vdj;
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLgit ,it.
nghUsPl;b te;j jiytidr; rpwg;gpj;jy;> Kd;G jiytpiag;
gphpe;jNghJ mtidf; Fiw $wpaijr; nrhy;yp tUe;Jjy;> jiytid kPl;Lf;
nfhLj;j nja;tj;Jf;Ff; fld; nrYj;Jjy;> nghUSld; kPz;ljhy; mtd;
Fw;wq;fis kwj;jy;> mfj;Jf;Fs; mlq;fhj mtd; xOf;fj;ijg; ghuhl;ly;>
jiytpia mtdplk; xg;gilj;jy;> jiytdplk; tzf;fkhfg; Ngry;>
jiytpia mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspaplk; nrd;W tpisahLkhW $Wjy;>
Gjy;tidg; gphpe;J jiytid ey;topg;gLj;jy;> mtd; ghpthy; ,oe;j
jiytpapd; mofpid kPl;Lj; jh vdy;> jiytpiag; gphpe;jjw;F mtd;
ehZk;NghJ gf;Ftkhfg; Ngry;> mtd; jiytpiaf; iftpNld; vdr;

153
#Sw;wij epidT+l;ly;> nghpNahH (jiytd;) xOf;fk; nghpJ vdj;
jiytpiaj; Njw;wy;> jiytpapd; Gytpiaj; jzpj;jy;> Gytp nghpjhfp
Clyhf khwpaNghJ jiytd; gf;fkhfg; Ngry;> fsT xOf;fj;jpd;NghJ
jiytp ele;Jnfhz;lij mtSf;F epidt+l;ly;> ghzH $j;jH tpwypaH
Kjyhd thapy;fs; jiytd; gf;fk; NgRk;NghJ jiytp gf;fkhg; Ngry;>
jiytpia tpl;L tpyfpr; nrd;w jiytidf; fz;Nzhl;lkpd;wpj; jpl;Ljy;>
jiytd; neLe;njhiyT gphpAk; fhyj;J kuG ,J vd tpsf;Fjy; Kjyhdit
Njhopapd; gq;F. 24

ew;wha;

mfj;jpiz khe;jHfspy; jha; vd ,Utiuf; Fwpg;gpLtJ tof;fk;.

xUtH ngw;nwLj;j jha;. ,tiu mf ,yf;fpaq;fs; ew;wha; vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. nghJthfj; jha; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhy; mJ ngw;w jhiaAk;>
rpwg;G tifahy; jiytpia tsHj;j nrtpypiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tiu aha;
(vd; jha;)> Qha; (cd; jha;) vd;W ghFgLj;jp miog;gJ tof;fk;.25
(FWe;njhif 40) mf tho;f;ifapy; ngw;w jhapd; gq;F gw;wpj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

jiytd; jiytpiaf; nfhz;Ljiyf; fope;jNghJ ew;wha; Gyk;Gths;.26

fsT tho;f;if gw;wp ew;wha; jd; kfNshLk;> kfspd; fpoNthNdhLk;

NeUf;F NeH NgRk; tof;fk; ,y;iy.27

nrtpyp

nrtpyp vd;gts; tsHg;Gj; jha;. jkpo; ,yf;fzq;fSk;> ,yf;fpaq;fSk;

ngz;kfis tsHj;jtis kl;LNk nrtpyp vdf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. Mz; kfDf;F
ghq;fd;> ,isaH vd;Dk; Mz;kf;fs; kl;LNk JizapUg;gH. vdNt nrtpyp
vd;Dk; ngz;kfs; jiytpf;Fj; JizapUg;gtshff; fhl;lg;gLfpwhs;.
nrtpyp jd; kfisj; jd; tsHg;G kfSf;Fj; Njhopahf ,Uf;fr;
nra;ths;. mfj;jpiz khe;jHfspy; xUtuhd ,tuJ gq;ifj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
njhFj;Jk;> tphpj;Jk; fhl;LfpwJ.

154
fhjy; tho;f;ifapy;
nrtpyp jiytpaplk; ciuahLk; ,lq;fs; 13 vdr; Rl;bf;fhl;b gpwTk;
cz;L vdj; njhy;fhg;gpak; $WfpwJ. 28
1. jiytpapd; fhjy; xOf;fj;ij CH J}w;Wk;NghJ
2. (ngJk;igg; gUtj;J Kiy GzHr;rpf;Fg; gpd; gUkdhFk;) ,e;j
khw;wj;ijj; jiytpaplk; fhZk;NghJ
3. fhjyDld; fhZk;NghJ
4. CH fhjiyf; fl;b tpLk;NghJ
5. Ntyd; foq;if cUl;bf; Fwp nrhy;Yk;NghJ
6. ntwpahl KbntLf;Fk;NghJ
7. ntwpahl;L klj;jdk; vd;Dk;NghJ
8. fhjyp fhjyid vz;zpf; fdtpy; muw;Wk;NghJ Kjypy; Njhopia
tpdTths;.
9. kfspd; fhjiyf; $wp ew;wha;> je;ij Mfpa nja;tq;fis
tho;j;Jk;NghJ
10. fhjyp fhjyDld; nrd;wij mwpAk;NghJ
11. Xbg;Nghd fhjyHfs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;shky; thOk;NghJ
12. jiytd; Fbf;Fk;> jiytp Fbf;Fk; xg;Gik fhZk;NghJ
13. jiytd; jiytpahpd; Fz xw;Wikia MuhAk;NghJ

nrtpyp jiytpaplKk;> mtsJ NjhopaplKk; ciuahLths;. kw;Wk;

jiytd; jiytpiaf; nfhz;L nrd;wNghJ Njbr; nrd;W tpdhTths;.

fw;G tho;f;ifapy;
epfo;e;jijAk;> epfo;tijAk; epfog;NghtijAk; nrhy;yp> ,dpr;
nra;aNtz;ba ey;yd ,it> nra;ahjpUf;f Ntz;ba ey;yit my;yhjd
,it vdj; jd; tsHg;G kfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;b ey;topg;gLj;Jths;. 29

,isaH (clw;$w;wpay;)

,isaH vd;Dk; nrhy; Gwtho;tpy; tajpy; ,isatiuAk;30> cly;

,sikj; jd;ik cila giltPuHfisAk;31> mftho;tpy; jiytDf;Fj;

Jizahf cld; nry;gtHfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

155
 mfj;jpiz khe;jHfspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s thapy;fspy; ‘,isaH’

vd;NghUk; xUtH.32 mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; jiytDld; nrd;w ,isaH

gw;wpr; rpy nra;jpfisj; jUfpd;wd.33

tpUe;jpdH

tpUe;jpdH vd;NghH tpUe;jhspfs;. tlE}yhH ,tHfis ‘mjpjp’ vd;gH.

jkpo;newp tho;f;ifapy; tpUe;jpdH ntWkNd tpUe;Jz;L nry;gtHfs; my;yH.
fw;gpay; tho;f;ifapy; jiytd; jiytpaH $b tho cjtp GhpAk;
thapy;fshfTk; tpsq;fpdH.
nrhy; tpsf;fk;

tpUe;J vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny tpUe;jpdiuf; Fwpf;Fk;. 34

E}Yf;F chpa tdg;Gfs; vl;by; xd;W tpUe;J (GJik) vd;Dk; tdg;G

mftho;tpy; tpUe;jpdH

jiytpapd; Cliyj; jzpf;Fk; thapy;fspy; xUtH tpUe;jpdH.35

tpUe;J te;jhy; fsT xOf;fKk; jilgLk;.36 jiytp Clhky; ,Uf;fj;

jiytd; tpUe;jpdNuhL tUtJ tof;fk;.37 jiytpapd; khz;Gfspy; xd;W

tpUe;Njhk;gy;. 38

Gwtho;tpy; tpUe;jpdH

,y;ywj;jhH Ngz Ntz;ba ItUs; xU rhuhH tpUe;jpdH.39

tpUe;Njhk;gy; gw;wpj; jpUf;Fws; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.40

$j;jH

$j;J vd;gJ ehlfk;. $j;jH vd;NghH ehlfk; MLNthH. $j;jH gw;wpg;

gz;ila jkpo;E}y;fs; njhptpf;Fk; fUj;Jf;fs; ,it.

Gwtho;f;ifapy; $j;jH gq;F

$j;jH Mq;fhq;Nf fsk; mikj;Jf; nfhz;L $j;jhLtH.41 $j;jhLk;
mtHfsJ mitf;F xt;nthUtuhf tUtH. $j;J Kbe;jJk; xNu Neuj;jpy;
156
midtUk; nrd;WtpLtH.42 nrq;Fl;Ltd; fdf tpraiu ntd;wNghJ mtHfspd;
gf;fk; ,Ue;J Nghhpl;ltHfs; gy tifahd Ntlkpl;Lf; nfhz;L
NghHf;fsj;jpypUe;J jg;gpj;J XbdH. me;j Ntlq;fspy; xd;W MLk; $j;jH
Ntlk;.43 capH clypy; MLk; $j;jH Nghy; tpisahbtpl;Lg; Ngha;tpLk;.44

Gwj;jpiz Mw;Wg;gil E}y;fspy; Mw;Wg;gLj;jg;gLk; khe;juhf tUtH.45

kiygLflhk; E}iyf; $j;jH Mw;Wg;gil vdTk; Fwpg;gpLtH.

mftho;f;ifapy; $j;jH gq;F

fw;Gepiy xOf;fj;jpy; $j;jhpd; gq;F ,d;dnjdj; njhy;fhg;gpak;
njhFj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ.46 jiytd; NtnwhU ehl;Lf;Fr; nrd;wpUf;Fk;NghJ

mtd; vg;gb ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;gijf; fz;Lte;J jiytpf;Ff; $WtH.47

$j;jH mfj;jpiz khe;jHfspy; xU rhuhH. ,tHfs; jpUkzj;Jf;Fg;

gpd;dH thOk; fw;G xOf;fj;jpy; guj;ijapd; khl;Lg; gphpe;Jte;j
jiytd; rhHghfj; jiytpaplk; ,t;thnwy;yhk; nrhy;yp thjhLtH.48

Kd;NdhH Cly; jzpe;j nra;jpfisf; $WtH.

Cly; jzpe;J jiytd; jUk; ,d;gj;ijj; Ja;f;Fk;gb vLj;Jiug;gH.

Cly; kidf;fpoj;jpaH nrayd;W vd;W gytiffspy; tpsf;FtH

Cly; jzpe;jhy; ,d;d ed;ik tpisAk; vdf; fhl;LtH

Cbf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy; ,d;d Jd;gk; tpisAk; vd tpsq;FtH

Cbf; nfl;ltis vLj;Jf;fhl;b Cly; jzpf vd;gH.

vjw;fhfj; jiytp Cly; jzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w fhuzk; fhl;b

tpsq;fitg;gH.

Cly; jzptJ jhd; khjHf;F mzp vdj; Njhjhff; $WtH.

tpwypaH

tpwypaH vd;gJ $j;jH vd;w nrhy;ypg; ngz;ghy;. kiygLflhk; E}iyf;

$j;jH Mw;Wg;gil vd;gH. mjpy; tpwypaH njhd;Wnjhl;L tUk; kuGg;gb
Kjypy; flTis tho;j;jpg; ghb MLtH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.49

tpwyp vd;gts; ghz;kfs; vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;whs;.50 tpwypaH

,irf;fUtpfSld; nry;tH.51 ghl;Lg;ghbg; gz;zpirf;Nfw;g MLtH. ghl;bd;

157
nghUs; Gyg;gLk;gb cly; cWg;Gfis mirj;Jf; fhl;LtH. ,tHfs; ,t;thW
fhl;Ltjw;F ‘tpwy;’ vd;W ngaH.

mfj;jpizg; ghly;fspy; tpwypaH

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L thOk; fw;G xOf;fj;jpy; jiytd;
guj;ijNahL ,Ue;Jtpl;L tPL jpUk;Gk; NghJ jiytp CLths;. me;j
Cliyj; jPHf;f cjTk; thapy;fspy; tpwypaUk; xU rhuhH.

mwptH

Kf;fhyKk; czHe;j KdptHfis mwptH vd;wdH. fle;j fhy>

epfo;fhy> tUq;fhy epfo;Tfisf; $WgtH mwptH.52

,e;j mwptH mfj;jpiz khe;jH thapy; khe;jHfspy; xU ghyhH.53

jiytd; jiytpiaf; nfhz;L jiyf; fope;j ,lj;J topapy; ghHf;Fk;NghJ
,tHfs; mtHfSf;F mwpTiu $WtH. ghHg;ghH> mwptH MfpNahH vy;yhUf;Fk;
nghJthdtw;iwf; $Wtjhy; vy;yhUk; Nfl;gH.54 mwptH NtW. mwpQH NtW.
mwpQH cyfpaywpT kpf;ftH.

fz;NlhH
fz;NlhH mfj;jpiz khe;jHfspy; thapy;fshf tUgtH.55 jiytd;
jiytpiaf; nfhz;L jiyf;fope;j ,lj;J topapy; ghHj;jtHfs; ,e;jf;
fz;NlhH. nrd;W te;jtHfs;> vjpH te;jtHfs; vdf; fz;NlhH gyH Mjypd;
,e;j thapy; khe;jH gd;ikahy; $wg;gl;Ls;sdH.

jiytDk; jiytpAk; nry;Yk; topAk;> fhyKk;> eykhf cs;sd vdj;

jhiaj; Njw;WtH. jiytd; Ciu neUq;fp tpl;ldH vd;gH. jiytd;
jiytpaUf;F ey;yd $WtH. jhapd; ftiy gw;wpf; $wpj; jLg;gJk;
cz;L. ,it ,tHfspd; gq;F.56

ew;wha; jd; kfisg; ghHj;jPHfsh vd ,tHfsplk; Gyk;Gths;.57

Njhop fz;NlhH nrhd;djhfj; Njw;Wthd;. 58

ew;wpiz 2> FWe;njhif 7> Iq;FWE}W 188 Kjyhd ghly;fisf;

fz;NlhH $w;Wf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfshf ciuahrphpaH ,sk;g+uzH
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

158
mftho;tpy; Njhop

mf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jiytpapd; czHTfisg; ngw;Nwhiutpl>

kw;Nwhiutpl kpfr; rpwg;ghf Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; ghj;jpukhfj; Njhop
tpsq;Ffpwhs;.
Njhop vd;gts; nrtpypapd; kfs; ,J Fwpj;Jj; njhy;fhg;gpah;>
‘Njhop jhNd nrtpyp kfNs’59
vd;W nrtpypad; kfshfj; Njhopiaf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
Njhop mf ,yf;fpa Kf;Nfhz tbtj;jpd; Nky; Kidahf
tpsq;Ffpwhs;. mts; jiytd; jiytp vd;w ,U fiufis ,izf;Fk;
ghykhfr; nray;gLfpwhs;.

Njhopapd; gpd;dzp
Njhopapd; tho;T gw;wpa nra;jpfs; rq;fg;ghlypy; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
MapDk; mtSf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; cs;s njhlh;G Ke;ija jiyKiwapNy
Vw;gl;ljhFk; vd;gJ kl;Lk; njhpfpwJ. Njhopapd; jhahfpa nrtpypAk;>
jiytpapd; jhahfpa ew;whAk; neUq;fpa Njhopauha; tpsq;fpath;fs; vd;gJ
Fwpg;ghfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
Njhopah; gyh; ,Ue;jdh; vd;gij ,sk;g+uzUk; Gyth; Foe;ijAk;
$Wfpd;wdh;. Njhopah; gyh; ,Ug;gpDk; jiytpf;F caph;j;Njhopjhd; Njhopahf
rpwg;gpf;fg;gLths; vd;gij ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;.
fz;zfpf;Fj; Njte;jp vd;w NjhopAk;
kzpNkfiyf;Fr; Rjkjp vd;w NjhopAk;
khjtpf;F tre;jkhiy vd;w NjhopAk;
,Ue;jdh; vd;Dk; nra;jp <z;L vz;zpg; ghh;f;fj;jf;fJ. cyfpaypy;
caph;j;Njhod;> caph;Njhop vd xUtiuNa Rl;Lk; Kiw jw;fhyj;Jk; toq;ff;
fhzyhk;.

Njhopapd; ,yf;fzk;
Njhop jiytpNahL xj;j taJilats; cld; tsh;e;J tpisahbg;
gofp mtis tpl;Lg; gphpahjts; czh;thYk;> xj;jtd; xd;wpj; Njhd;We;Njhop
vdj; njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wfpwhh;. ,jd;%yk; NjhopAk;> jiytpAk; njhl;by;
njhl;l ,g;gpizg;Gf; fUjp ,t;thW $wpAs;sjhf ehk; czu KbAk;. NkYk;

159
Njhop> jhNd MuhAk; mwpT kpf;ftd;. jiytpf;F caph;Nghd;W
,d;wpaikahjts; jiytpf;F jPq;F Neuhky; ghJfhg;gts;. jiytpf;F
tUj;jk; Neh;e;j NghJ MWjy; $Wgts;. fsTf;fhyj;jpYk; jiytpapd;
Jizahf ,Ug;gts;. jiytDf;Fk;> jiytpf;Fk; Vw;wtplj;jpy; jd; jFjpf;F
cl;gl;L mwnewp $Wgts;. jiytd; jiytpf;F ,ilNsa Vw;gLk; Cliyj;
jPh;f;Fk; thapyhfTk; ,Ug;gts;.
jiytpapd; ,d;ndhU fz;zhf mike;jpUf;fpwhs;. Neh;ik> fz;bg;g>
fdpT> mikjp Mfpa Fzq;fs; Njhopf;F ,ay;ghf mike;Js;sd.

Njhopapd; ghj;jpur; rpwg;G

fhjyh;fs; czh;r;rp> khe;jh;fs; czh;r;rpapy; tpisAk;
mfg;Nghuhl;lq;fisAk;> Nkhjy;fisAk; cs;sthW mwpAk; mwpTg; ghj;jpuk;
Njhopahths;.
tuk;G fle;J nry;Yk; jiytid ,bj;Jiuj;Jk; jdpik jhq;fhj
jiytpia Mw;wpUf;f mwpTWj;jYk; nra;Ak; xsptPRk; Mrhd; ghj;jpukhfj;
Njhop tpsq;Ffpwhs;.
jiytpf;F kdf;frg;G Njhd;Wk; Ntisapy; Vw;w mwpTiuahfpa
Cl;lr;rj;jspj;J kd Neha;fisf; fise;jpLk; kUj;Jtg; ghj;jpukhfTk; Njhop
njhz;lhw;Wfpwhs;.
mwpTj;jpwd; kpf;f ghj;jpukhf tpsq;Ffpwhs;. mfg;nghUs; gw;wpa
ghly;fspy; tUk; mfkhe;jUs; ngUk; nghWg;G cilats; Njhop. mts;
mwpTk;> gz;Gk;> jpwDk; kpf;ftshf ,Ue;jhy; jhd; jiytDf;Fk;>
jiytpf;Fk; jf;f topfhl;b mth;fis ed;ndwpg;gLj;Jjy; ,aYk;. myfpay;
njspTk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; fhjy; newpapy; NeUk; ,lh;gg
; hLfis mwpe;J cw;w
Jizahf ,Ue;J tu ,aYk;. ,j;jifats; Njhop vd;gij rq;fg;ghly;fspy;
top mwpa KbfpwJ.

Njhopf;Fhpa kuG
Gyj;jYk; ClYk; Mfpa ,lj;JQ;
nrhyj;jF fpstp Njhopf;Fhpa60
,jw;F xg;ghf>
mye;juiu ay;yy; Neha; nra;jw;why; jk;ikg;
Gye;jhiug; Gy;yh tply; 61

160
vd;w ts;Sthpd; ,f;Fwis xg;gplyhk;. mjhtJ jk;NkhL tUj;jk; nfhz;L
gpzq;fpa tiu ClYf;Fzh;j;jp jOthky; tpLjy; Jd;gj;jhy; tUe;jpatiu
NkYk; Jd;g Neha; nra;J tUtJ Nghd;wjhFk;. mJNghy; jiytd;> jiytp
,UtUk; Clypd; fhuzkhfg; Ngrhky; ,Ue;jhy; ed;ik tpisahJ
,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Cly; jPh;f;f mOk; nghUl;Lj; Njhop nray;gLfpwhs;
vd;gij ,e;E}w;ghtpd; %yk; mwpayhk;.

Njhopapd; jpwd;
jiytpapd; fhjy; tho;T ntw;wp ngwTk; mij epiyepWj;jTk; jd;
mwpitAk; nrayhw;wiyAk; fUtpahff; nfhs;fpwhs; Njhop. mjdhy;
njhy;fhg;gpaUk; mtis mwpTilatshff; fhl;Lfpwhh;. mtSila
nrhy;yhw;wyhy; jiytd;> jiytp jhahh; Kjypath;fisj; jd; nrhy;top
xOfr;nra;Ak; jpwd; ngw;wtshfpwhs;. mts; NgRk; nrhw;fspy; Nfl;lhh;g;
gpzpf;Fk; jifikAk;> tUe;jhky; jpUj;Jk; gz;Gk; Gyg;gLk;.
cs;Siw itj;Jj; Njhop jpwk;glr; nrayhw;Wgts; vd;gjidr;
rq;fg;ghly;fspy; Njhop $w;Wf;fs; top mwpayhk;. ,jpy; ,lk; ngWk;
nra;jpfis 1.Ngr;Rj;jpwk; 2. Njhopapd; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; vd;W gFf;fyhk;.

Ngr;Rj;jpwk;
jiytdpd; nray;fs; midj;Jk; Njhopahy; Iaf;fz; nfhz;Nl
ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. jiytd; jiytpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;W Njhopaplk; cWjpaspg;gJk; gpd; jpUkzj;ijj; js;spg;Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L
nry;tJk; Iaj;ij cWjpaspg;gjhf cs;sJ. ,jdhy; Njhop jiytpapd;
,uq;fj;jf;f epiyia vz;zp tUe;Jfpwhs;.
kdjpy; fspg;Gld; nrhy;ypy; fLikia ntspapLk; nrhw;fisj;
nrq;fLnkhop vd;gh;. jiytpapd; kdj;ij ey;y epidTfspy; jpUg;Gtjw;Fj;
Njhop ifahz;l cstpay; kiw ,aw;gopj;J nkhopjyhFk;. jiytdpd;
,ay;Gfisg; gopj;jhNy ,aw;gopj;jyhFk;.
nrhd;d nrhy;ypy; khWgl;Lj; jiytd; gphpe;jhd; mjdhy; jiytp
kaq;fp epiy fyq;fpdhs;.
neba nkhopjYq; fba Ch;jYk;
nry;tnkd;W jd; nra;tpidg; gznddr;
nrhy;Yg vd;g rhd;Nwhh; Neh;Njhh;

161
 Gd;fz; mQ;Rk; gz;gpd;
nkd;fz; nry;tk; nry;tk; vd;gJNt62
vd;w ghlypy; jiytd; jiytpNahL md;NghL tho;tNj nghpa nry;tkhFk;.
vd;W jiytidg; gopg;gJ jiytDf;F mwpTiu $Wtjhf cs;sJ.

Njhopapd; nray;ghLfs;
Njhop vd;gts; jiytpapd; Jizahf ,Ug;gts;. jiytpapd; midj;J
epfo;TfspYk; cld; ,Ug;gts;. nrtpypapd; kfs; vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak;
“NjhopjhNd nrtpypaJ kfs;” vd;w E}w;ghtpd; %yk; vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ.
fypj;njhifapy; 60 ghly;fs; Njhopf; $w;whf ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

rPw;wj;ijj; jtph;f;Fk; Njhop

jiytpiag; ngz; Nfl;L te;j jiytdpd; ,y;yj;jhhplk; ngz;
nfhLf;f kWj;J mDg;gp itf;fpd;wdh; ngz;tl
P ;lhh;. ,e;j nra;jp Njhopapd;
nrtpf;Fr; nry;fpwJ. Neuhfj; Njhop jd; jha; nrtpypaplk; nrd;W jd;
ngw;Nwhh; nra;jJ jtW vd;W fbe;Jiuf;fpd;whs;. mijf; Nfl;l Njhop>
“kiyehl;L kf;fSf;F ed;wp nfhd;wdh; ek; rpWFbapdh;. rpWFb kf;fNs ,dp

ekJ ehl;by; tpisT FiwAk;> ts;spf;fpoq;F tpioahJ; kiyapNy

Njdpf;fs; $L fl;l khl;lhJ@ Njd; fpilf;fhJ@ nfhy;iyapNy jpidg;gapH
Xq;fp tsuhJ fjpH nropj;J tpisahJ… kiy ehl;L kf;fs; ey;y topapy;
elf;ftpy;iy vd;W> jiytpia Mgj;jpy; fhj;jtdhd jiytd; ,y;yj;jhH
ngz;Nfl;L te;jtHfis ,t;thW ngz; nfhLf;f kdk; xg;gtpy;iy vd;W
mDg;gp itf;fyhkh? ,J kpfTk; ed;wp nfl;l nray;> jPr;nray;” vd;fpwhs;.
,jid>
“rpWFbaPNu rpWFbaPNu
ts;sp fPo; tpoh tiu kpirj;Njd; njhlh
nfhy;iy Fuy; thq;fp <dh kiy tho;eH
my;yy; Ghpe;J xOfyhd;….” 63
vd;W Njhop jiytpapd; ngUikfisAk;> mtis tpUk;gpa jiytdpd; ehL
kw;Wk; kiyr; rpwg;igAk; vLj;Jf; $wpdhs;. NkYk; xUtUf;Fj; jPik
nra;jhy; me;j ehNl tUe;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w cahpa jkpoH Nfhl;ghl;ilAk;
NrHj;J Kd; itf;fpd;whs; Njhop.

162
 mLj;Jg; ghiyf;fypapy; Gjpjhfj; jpUkzk; Ghpe;j ,UtH. jiytd;
nghUs; Njl ntspapy; nry;y ,Uf;fpd;whd;. jiytp vt;tsT $wpAk;
Nfl;ftpy;iy. nra;jp Njhop mwpfpwhs;. mts; NeNu jiytdplk; nry;fpwhs;>
“jiyth ,J epahakh? jhq;fs; jw;NghJ nghUs;Njl nry;tJ epahakh?
nghUs; Njitjhd;. mijg; gpwF nrd;W NjlyhNk? ,g;nghOJ jhNd vkJ
jiytpf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk; jpUkzk; eilngw;wJ. mjw;Fs; gphpth? vk; jiytp
jhq;fkhl;lhs;. vdNt nghUs;Njlr; nry;tij nfhQ;rk; fhyk; js;sp
itAq;fs;” vd;fpwhs;. mtNdh ehd; nrd;whf Nt;z;Lk; vd;fpwhd;. mjw;Fj;

Njhop> “nghpa jpUtpoh elf;fpwJ. fz;nfhs;sf;fhl;rp. vq;Fk; xNu ,d;gk;. xNu

Mde;jk;@ Muthuk;@ fz; ftUk; moF. jpUtpoh Kbe;j gpwF me;j ,lk;
ntwpr;Nrhb ,Uf;Fk; my;yth? nghopT ,oe;J fhzg;gLk; ,y;iyah?
mJNghy jhd; ePq;fs; jiytpia tpl;Lg; gphpe;jhYk; ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt ePq;fs;
jiytpia tpl;Lg; jw;NghJ gphpa Ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhs;. ,jid>
“fy;ntdf; ftpd; ngw;w? tpoT Mw;Wg;gLj;j gpd;
Gy;nyd;w fsk; Nghyg; Nghyg; Gyk;G nfhz;L> mikthNsh
Ms;gtH fyf;Fw miyngw;w ehL Nghy;
gho;gl;l Kfj;NjhL ikjy; nfhz;L miktNsh?
XH ,uh itfYs; jhkug; ngha;ifAs;
ePH ePj;j kyHNghy; eP ePg;gpd; tho;thNsh?”64
vd;W jiytpapd; cs;sj;JzHit jiytdplk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;whs;.

fhisAk; fhjypAk;
Ky;iyf; fypapy; Njhop jiytpaplj;Nj ehk; Fuitf; $j;J MLNthk;
vd;W miof;fpd;whs; Vnddpy; jiytd; tPu tpisahl;lhd fhisapid
mlf;f tUfpd;whd;. xt;nthU fhisahf epd;W ghHj;J Vwpdhd;. ,jidf;
fz;l jiytpf;F xNu kfpo;rr
; p. ek; fhjyd; fhisia mlf;fp ntw;wp
nfhs;fpwhNd vd;W ek; kdjpy; cs;sijj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Njhop
Fwitf; $j;jhlj; jiytpia miof;fpwhs;.
jiytp Njhopiag; ghHj;J Kjypy; ghliy eP ghL vd;fpwhs;.
vijg;gw;wp ghLtJ vd;W Nfl;fpwhs; Njhop.
ghz;baidg; gw;wp ghLNthk;> tho;j;JNthk;. mLj;Jf; fhisapd; nfhk;G
fz;L gag;gLfpd;w vtNdh mtid MaH kfspH fhjypf;f khl;lhs; vd;W

163
ghLNthk;. vtndhUtH mQ;rhky; fhisapid tpul;b VWjOTthNdh mts;
jOTths; vd;Nghk;. mjidf; Nfl;l jiytd; ehk; $wpa fUj;ij mwpe;J
nfhs;thd;. kPz;Lk; VWjOtj; Jzpthd; vd;fpwhs;. ,jid>
“nfhy; Vw;Wf;NfhL mQ;Rthid kWikAk;
Gy;yhNs Ma; kfs;
mQ;rhH nfhiy VW nfhs;gtH my;yij
neQ;rpyhH Njha;e;j mhpa capH Jwe;J iethuh Ma kfs; Njhs;” 65
vd;W Njhopapd; cjtpNahL jiytp jiytDf;Fr; nra;jpia mwptpf;Fk;
Kiw rpwg;ghdJ.

cg;Gk; ClYk;
jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; Cly; Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ. fhjy; ,d;gj;jpw;F
Cly; Njitjhd;. Mdhy; mJ ePz;LtplyhfhJ. cztpw;F cg;G vg;gbNah?
mJNghyjhd; ClYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cly; mjpfkhFjy; $lhJ vd;W
jiytpaplk; Njhop $Wfpwhs;. mjid Vw;Wj; jiytp Cliy tpl;L
jiytdplk; NgRfpwhs;. ,jid>
“khd; E}f;fp eP mo ePj;jtd; MdhJ
ehzpyd; Mapd; eype;J mtd; tapd;
CLjy; vd;Nd mdp
,dp ahJk; kPf;$w;wk; ahk; ,yk; vd;Dk;
jifaJ fhz;ilg;gha; neQ;Nr gdp Mdhg;
ghL ,y; fz; ghay; nfhs”66
vd;W jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk; Cliyj; jPHj;J itf;Fk; md;Gg;
ghykhfj; Njhop nray;gl;L te;jijf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,/J Njhopapd;
gz;Gfspy; caHe;j epiyahFk;.

kdpjdpd; xd;gJ gz;Gfs;

jiytpia tpl;Lr; nrd;w jiytidf; fhz Njhop nry;fpwhs;.

mt;thW nrd;wts; jiytidg; ghh;j;J kdpjd; vtd;? mtDf;F vj;jidg;
gz;Gfs; cs;sd? vd;W Nfl;lhs;. jiytd; jpLf;fpl;lhd;. ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;
Nfs; vd;whs;. kdpjd; vd;why; xd;gJ tpjkhd Fzq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

164
vd;whs;. mit@ Mw;Wjy;> Nghw;Wjy;> gz;G> md;G> mwpT> nrwpT> epiw>
Kiw> nghiw vd;gjhFk;.
1. Mw;Wjy; vd;why; kdk; cile;J> kdJ Jd;gj;JlDk;
tUfpwtdplk; ,d;gkhf NgRtJ. mtdJ kdg; Gz; Nghf;fp>
MWjyhd nkhopfisf; $wp tpUk;gpaij nfhLg;gJ.
2. Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ cd;dplk; te;J NrHe;jtiu gphpahJ ,Ue;J
mtiug; Nghw;WtJ. milf;fykhd ve;jg; nghUisAk; tpl;LtplhJ
fhg;gJ.
3. gz;G vd;gJ cyfj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfis mwpe;J xOFjy;. cd;dplk;
tUgtdpd; cs;sf; Nfhl;ghl;il mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g ele;J
nfhs;Sjy;
4. md;G vdg;gLtJ jd;idr; NrHe;jtHfisf; nfLf;fhJ ,Uj;jy;.
5. mwpT vd;gJ mwpahikahy; VjhtJ $wpdhy; mij nghWikAld;
Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gb elf;f Ntz;baJ ,y;iy.
6. nrwpT vdg;gLtJ xUtDf;Ff; nfhLj;j thf;FWjpia kwthNj.
nrhd;d nrhy;iyf; fhg;ghw;WtJ
7. epiw vdg;gLtJ cdJ ufrpaq;fis gpwH mwpahjthW
ele;Jnfhs;Sjy;. ufrpakhf itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;batw;iw
mk;gykhf;fhJ ,Ug;gJ.
8. Kiw vd;gJ jtW nra;gtH ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; jz;bf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mJNt Kiw.
9. nghiw vdg;gLtJ fhyk; tUk; tiu nghWikahf fhj;jpUg;gJ.67
,t;thW kdpjdpd; jiyaha gz;Gfshfj; Njhop ciuf;Fk; fUj;J
jkpo; ehl;by; cs;stHfSf;F kl;Lk; ,y;iy. cyfpy; thOk; midj;J
kdpjHfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jtjhf ,Ug;gJ ,q;F fUjj;jf;fJ.
,t;thwhd gy gz;Gfis xUq;Nf ngw;wts;jhd; ekJ rq;f ,yf;fpaf;
fypj;njhifj; Njhop.

jiytpapd; gz;Gfs;

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Njhopf;F mLj;jgbahf ghly;fs; ghba $w;W

jiytp ghly; MFk;. jiytp vd;gts; ew;wha; kfshtH. fypj;njhifapy;
jiytpf; $w;Wg; ghly;fshf 60 ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. jiytp xUtidf;

165
fhjypf;fpwhs;. jpBnud;W tPl;by; jpUkzg; Ngr;R njhlq;FfpwJ. jiytpf;F
xd;Wk; Ghpatpy;iy. VNjh elf;fpwJ vd;gij czHe;j jiytp jd;
jiytdplk; Ngr epidf;fpwhs;. ahUf;Nfh vd;idj; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;f
tPl;by; kzk; NgRfpd;wdH. ,e;jr; nra;jpiaj; jiytDf;Fr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
ahhplk; nrhy;yp mDg;GtJ? ghHj;jhs; jiytp. jiytpf;F xNu top Njhop.
NjhopaplKk; nrhd;dhy; jiytdplk; nrhy;yp tpLths;. Njhop nrtpypj;jhapd;
%yk; ,y;yj;jpYk; rhpahd Neuj;jpy; nrhy;yptpLths; vd;gij czHe;J
FwpQ;rpf; fypapy; $Wfpwhs;.
Njhop xU Kiw fhl;by; ehd; jdpahf ,Ue;j nghOJ xUtd; te;jhd;.
ehd; Mgj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vd;idf; fhj;jtd;. mtid ehd; iftplyhkh
Njhop? vdJ Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fpatid kwf;fyhkh? $lhjy;yth? vdNt
,jid vd; ngw;Nwhhplj;jpy; clNd nrhy;yptpL vd;fpwhs;. ,jid>
“my;yy; fise;jdd; Njhop ek; efH
mUq;fb ePthik $wpd; ed;W vd
epd;NdhL #o;ty; Njhop eak; Ghpe;J
,d;dJ nra;jhs; ,ts; vd
kd;d cyfj;J kd;DtJ GiuNk” 68
vd;W jiytDld; epfo;e;j re;jpg;G gw;wpAk;> mjdhy; Vw;gl;l neUf;fk;
gw;wpAk; eak;gl Njhopf;F vLj;Jiuf;Fk; ghq;F ngw;wtshfj; jiytp
,Uf;fpwhs;.
ghiy fypapy; jiytd; nghUs; Njl ntspa+H nry;fpwhd;. jiytpia
tpl;Lg;gphpa NeUk; vd;W czHe;j jiytd; jiytpaplk; eP tUe;jhNj. ehd;
nrd;W tpiuthf kPz;Lk; te;J tpLfpd;Nwd; vd;whd;. jiytp ehd;
tUe;jtpy;iy vd;whs;. vd;d vd;W jiytd; jpLf;fpl;lhd;. ehd; cd;idtpl;Lg;
gphpe;jhy; jhNd ehd; tUe;Jtjw;F> ehd;jhd; cd;Dld; tu ,Uf;fpd;NwNd
vd;whs;. jiytd; VJk; nrhy;yhky; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. ,jid>
“md;G mwr; #ohNj Mw;wpil Ek;NkhL
Jd;gk; Jizahf ehbd; mJ my;yJ
,d;gKk; cz;Nlh vkf;F?” 69
vd;W ,d;gj;jpy; vdf;Fg; gq;F ,Ug;gJ Nghy cdJ Jd;gj;jpYk; vkf;Fg;
gq;F cs;sJ vd;whs; jiytp. ,Jjhd; md;iwa fhyf;fl;l FLk;gj;
jiytpapd; ,y;yw khz;G MFk;.
166
 Ky;iyf; fypapy; jiytpapd; nray;ghLfshy; xU ghly;. jiytp xU
ehs; jiytidr; re;jpj;jhs;. mtDk; ,tsplk; VNjh Ngrpdhd;. mt;tsTjhd;.
gpwF mtidNaj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;s epidj;j jiytpf;F Vkhw;wk;.
tPl;by; ahUk; xj;J tutpy;iy. CHf;fhuHfSk; rhpahf tutpy;iy. xU
topahfj; jiytd; VWjOtp ntw;wp nfhs;fpwhd;. clNd jiytpapd; tPl;bYk;
CHf;fhuHfsk; rk;kjk; njhptpf;fpd;wdH. ,e;jr; nr;ajp jiytpf;Fj;
njhpatUfpwJ. jiytp> Njhopaplk; mtiuf; fz;l md;Nw vd; neQ;ir gwp
nfhLj;J tpl;Nld;. ehd; jpUkzk; nra;jhy; ,e;j jiytidj; jhd; jpUkzk;
nra;Ntd; vd;W. ,tHfs; ,g;NghJjhd; Gjpjhfr; Nrjp nrhy;fpwhHfs; vd;fpwhs;
jiytp. ,jid>
“mtd; kpf;Fj; jd;Nky; nrd;w nrq;fhhpf; Nfhl;bilg;

Gf;ff;fhy; Gf;fJ vd; neQ;Nr vd…”70

vd;W ehd; Kjd;Kjy; ghHj;NjNdh md;Nw mtid vd; fztdhf vd; kdJ
Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ vd;W $Wk; jiytpapd; kd epiyia ehk; vz;zp tpaf;f
Ntz;Lk;.

nea;jy; fypapy; jiytp

nea;jy; fypapy; jiytpapd; fhjy; Neha; mjpfkhfg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jdhy; jiytpapd; kd epfo;Tfisf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. khiy Neuk;
te;Jtpl;lJ. me;j khiy Neuk; fhjyUld; $bapUf;Fk; kq;iff;F
kfpo;rr
; piaj; jUfpwJ. vd;idg; Nghd;w kfspUf;F tUj;jj;ijj; jUfpwJ.
vdNt khiy NeuNk ,dp jiytd; ,y;yhj NghJ tuhNj vd;W jiytp
gpjw;Wfpwhs;. xU jiytp jhkiu kyiug; ghHj;J Vq;Ffpwhs;. ,t;thW
Gyk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jiytpf;F kfpo;rr
; p fhj;jpUf;fpwJ. fhjyd; te;J
tpl;lhd;. ,jid>
“,lk; ,d;W miyj;jUk; ,d;dhnra;khiy
Jdpnfhs; JaH jPuf; fhjyH Jidju
nky;ypahd; gUtj;J Nky; epd;WfLk; gif
xy;nyd ePf;fp xUthJ fhj;J Mw;Wk;
ey; ,iw Njhd;w nfl;lhq;F
,y;yhfpd;why; ,Usfj;J xspj;Nj”71
vd;W fhjyd; tuthy; kfpo;rr
; pAld; ,Ue;jhs;.

167
jiytpAk; NjhopAk;

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj; jpfOk; kw;WnkhU cwT

jiytpf;Fk; Njhopf;Fk; chpajhFk;. rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mf
,yf;fpaq;fs; jdpr;rpwg;Gg; ngWtd. fhjy; czHT rhd;w jiytd; jiytp
vd;Dk; ,U ghj;jpuq;fSf;fpilNaahd czHr;rpg; ngUf;fpd; gy;tif
ntspg;ghNl mf ,yf;fpaj;jpd; fUg;nghUs; Mfpd;wJ. thoplj;jpw;Nfw;g>
njhlHGg;gLfpd;w nghUl;fSk; fhl;rpfSk; NtWgLfpd;wdNt md;wp>
fUg;nghUshfpa fhjypy; khw;wkpy;iy.
fhjy; tag;gl;l Mz; ngz; ,UtiuAk; jiytd; jiytp vd
miog;gJ mf ,yf;fpa kughFk;. ,tHfs; nghJkf;fshfNth mur
Fyj;jtuhfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,tHfNshL el;ghftpUf;Fk; Njhod; Njhopaiu
,yf;fpak; ghq;fd; ghq;fp vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
,e;jf; fhjy; fsj;jpy; jiytpNahL nghpJk; cldpUf;Fk; ghj;jpuk;
Njhopahths;. mjpfhuj;jpYk; typikapYk; Nkk;gl;bUe;j Mzhfpa
jiytNdhlhd fhjyiy topelj;jp> mij jpUkzk; tiu nfhz;L nry;tjpy;
ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpd;whs; Njhop.
,r;nrwpj;jy; (tPl;bw;Fs; ngz;izf; fhj;jy;) Nghd;w fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fs;
thOfpd;w jiytp jd; czHTfisg; gfpuTk;. fhjw; J}jhfr; nry;yTk;>
Cuwpahky; fhjiyf; fhf;fTk; NjhopNa nghpJk; gad;gl;bUf;fpd;whs;.
Njhopapd; rhd;whikiag; Gyg;gLj;Jk; rpy ,yf;fpaf; fhl;rpfis Nehf;FNthk;.
GwehD}W ,yf;fpaj;jpy; xU fhl;rp.
mJ kiy #o;e;j epyk;. fhyk; es;sputhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. jiytd;
tUiff;fhfj; NjhopNahL fhj;jpUf;fpd;whs; jiytp. Njhopapd; kdjpy; rpy
rpe;jidfs; Njhd;wpd. Ngrj; njhlq;Ffpd;whs;.
“jiytpNa> mtd; jpUkzk; nra;ahky; fhyk; jho;j;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. mtidr; re;jpf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ePNah nkhop Ngr
kwe;JtpLfpd;wha;. ,d;W eP jiytidr; re;jpf;f Ntz;lhk;. ehd; Ngha;
Ngrp tUfpd;Nwd;.”
jiytp rk;kjk; njhptpf;f> NjhopNa jiytidr; re;jpf;f Nghfpd;whs;.
jiytd; tUfpd;whd;. jiytpia mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; Njl> vjpHgl;lhs; Njhop;
“vq;Nf jiytp?”

168
 “cly; eykpy;iy ,d;W tukhl;lhs;.”

“mg;gbah ehd; nrd;W tUfpd;Nwd;.”

“nfhQ;rk; nghWq;fs;> ehd; rpy thHj;ij Ngr Ntz;Lk;.”

“vd;d?”
%q;fpy; Ntypfshy; #og;gl;l Nthpy; gOf;fpd;w gyhkuq;fisf; nfhz;l
kiyr;rhuy;fis cila ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtNd> ehd; nrhy;tijf; Nfs;.
vg;NghJ vd;d elf;Fk; vd;gij ahUk; mwpe;jtH ,y;iy. rpW fhk;gpNy
njhq;Ffpd;w nghpa gyhg;goj;ijg;Nghd;W mts; capUk; fhjYk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
fhk;igg; Nghd;wpUf;fpd;wJ mts; capH. cd;dhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fhjy;
NehNah gyhg;gok; Nghd;W ngUj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
“Ntuy; Ntyp NtHNfhl; gytpd;
rhu dhl nrt;tpia ahFkjp
ahu/ jwpe;jprp NdhNu rhuw;
rpWNfhl;Lg; ngUk;gow; J}q;fp ahq;fpts;
capHjTr; rpwpJ fhkNkh nghpNj.” 72
Njhop jiytDf;Ff; $wpa thHj;ijfs; ,t;tsNt. Mdhy;
cl;nghjpe;jpUf;Fk; Mok; kpfg; nghpJ. jiyth> eP nfhLj;j fhjy; Neha;
gyhg;gok;Nghy; ngUj;Jtpl;lJ. chpa Neuj;jpy; chpatuhy; mg;gok;
gwpf;fg;glhtpl;lhy;> ve;j Neuj;jpYk; fhk;G mWe;J tplyhk;. mjhtJ fhjy;
fdk; jhq;fhJ vt;NtisapYk; mts; capH tplyhk;. fhk;G mWe;J tpOk;
gokhdJ Cnuq;Fk; kzk; gug;Gtijg; Nghy; mts; ,wg;gpd; fhuzk;
Cnuq;Fk; gutp cdf;Fk; ,Of;if Vw;gLj;Jk;. rpyNtis ,g;gyhg;gor; nra;jp
cdf;Fg; GhpahkypUf;fyhk; Vnddpy;> Ntypfs; nfhz;L ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
cd; ehl;Lg; gyhkuq;fs; Nthpw;jhNd gOf;fpd;wd. vdNt ,dpAk; fhyk;
jho;j;jhNj> tpiue;J jpUkzk; nra;. Ie;Nj mbfshy; jiytDf;F
,j;jidiaAk; czHj;jptpl;Lj; Njhop Ngha;tpLfpd;whs;. ntF gz;GlDk;> kpf
El;gkhfTk;> RUq;fpa nrhw;fshYk; MokhdnjhU nra;jpia mOj;jkhff;
$wptpl;Lr; nrd;w Njhopapd; NguwpT ,d;Wtiu tpag;NghL Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
kw;WnkhU ghlypy; jiytid Nehf;fpg; NgRk; Njhop ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jfs;
jiytpapd; ey;tho;T kPJ nfhz;l mjPj mf;fiwiag; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,f;fhl;rpapYk; NjhopNa jiytid vjpHnfhs;fpd;whs;. $wNtz;batw;iw

169
NeubahfNt ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whs;. eP mtis fhz;gjw;fhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;
fhy ,ilntsp mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mJ mtis tUj;Jfpd;wJ.
jiytpapd; Njhs;fspy; fz; kaq;fpf; fplj;jiy ePAk; tpUk;Gfpd;wtd;. Chpd;
rhd;NwhH jiytp kPJ md;G nfhz;ltuhapDk; gopNahL tUfpd;w ,d;gj;ij
tpUk;gkhl;lhHfs;. tpz; Kl;Lk; kiyfisf; nfhz;l ehl;il cilatNd>
mtis Kiwg;gb kzk; nra;J nfhs;sj; jaq;FtJ Vd;?.
“ehs; ,ilg; gbd; vd;Njhop thohs;
Njhspil Kaf;fk; ePAk; nta;ia
fopaf; fhjyH MapDk; rhd;NwhH
gopnahL t&ck; ,d;gk; nt/fhH
tiuapd; vtNdh? thd;Njha; ntw;g”73
jd; jiytpapd; fhjYf;fhfj; jiytdplk; NghuhLfpwhs; Njhop.
jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;gjhd fsT xOf;fk; CuhH Nghw;Wfpd;w fw;G tho;thf
kyu Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fw;G tho;tpy; fhjy; epiyahdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt
cz;ik Mokhd md;Gepiy. Nguofhdjhd ,e;j tho;Tepiyiaj;
Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; mwpT rhd;w fjhghj;jpukhfj; Njhop jpfo;fpwhd;. gpwpnjhU
ghlypy; jiytpNahL jhk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; el;gpd; Moj;ijj; jiytDf;F
czHj;Jfpd;whs;.
jiytp kPJ eP kl;LNk md;G nfhz;bUg;gjhff; fUJfpd;wha;. jha; jd;
fz;iz Nghd;W kfisg; Nghw;Wfpd;whs;. ,ts; fhyb rptf;f epyk; elf;fg;
nghWf;f khl;lhjtH je;ij. ,Ujiyg; gwitia eP mwpthah? mg;gwitiag;
Nghd;W ,U jiy XUapH MdtH. gphptwpahjtH.
“ahNa fz;zpDk; fLq;fh jyNs
ve;ijAk; epyDwg; nghwh md; rPwbrptg;g
vtdpy FWkfs; ,aq;Fjp vd;Dk;
ahNk> gphptpd; wpiae;j Jtuh el;gpd;
,Ujiyg; Gs;spd; XUap uk;Nk” 74
tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;w Nghnjy;yhk; jiytDf;F mwpTiu $wTk;>
Njitg;gl;lhy; jl;lTk; Kad;wpUf;fpd;whs; Njhop.
jiytpAk; jd; mfTzHTfis xspT kiwtpd;wp Njhopaplk;
nrhy;fpd;whs;. fhjyd; nry;tk; NjLtjw;fhff; fhl;L topNa gphpe;J
nrd;Wtpl;lhd;. mtd; gphpitj; jhq;fhJ jtpj;jts; Mwp mlq;fj; Njhopapd;
170
mUfhikNa cjTfpd;wJ. “ehd; kpfTk; Ntjidg;gLk;gbahf vd;idg; gphpe;J
Ngha;tpl;lhH. vd;idg; gphpa khl;Nld; vd Kd;dH $wpa thHj;ijiaAk;
kwe;Jtpl;lhH” vd;Wiuj;J tUe;Jfpd;whs;.

“gphpayk; vd;w nrhy; jhk;

kwe;jdH nfhy;Nyh Njhop”75

jiytpd; khw;wq;fis czHe;J IAWk; ngw;NwhUf;Fk;>
nrtpypj;jha;f;Fk; fij nrhy;gtshfTk; NjhopNa jpfo;fpd;whs;. jhq;fUQ;
rpwg;gpd; Njhop Nkd”76 vd njhy;fhg;gpak; Njhopapd; rpwg;Gf;F ,yf;fzk;
$Wfpd;wJ.
Njhop jiytd;> jiytpapd; tho;T nrOikahd newpapy; nry;tjw;F
top nra;fpd;whs;. md;G> mwpT> mwd; vd;w %d;iwAk; nrhy;ypYk; kdj;jpYk;
nraypYk; nfhz;l el;gpd; cUtkhfj; jpfo;fpd;whs; Njhop. Njhoikg;gz;gpd;
caHe;j tbtNk rq;f ,yf;fpak; fhl;Lk; Njhop.

jiytDk; NjhoDk;

jiytpapd; mftho;tpy; Njhop ngw;wpUf;Fk; caH gq;F jiytdpd;

fhjy; tho;tpy; NjhoDf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ cz;ikNa. jiytNdhL
Njhop NgRtjw;F cld;gl;l ,yf;fpa kuG jiytpNahL Njhod; NgRtjw;F
cld;gltpy;iy. fhjYw;w ngz;fs; gpw Mltiu Nehf;Fjiyj; jiytdpd;
ez;gdhf ,Ug;gpDk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; jtpHf;fNt Kad;wpUf;fpd;wd. Njhod;
jiytpapd; Kd; vjpHg;gl;l NghJk; jiytp mtid topNghf;fdhfNt
fUJths;. Vnddpy; mtSf;F jiytdpd; NjhoHfisj; njhpahJ. jiytpapd;
,Ug;gplk; mwpe;J $WtjhfTk;> mts; tUifia czHj;JtJNk Njhodpd;
flikfshftpUe;jd.
‘Njhopapw; $l;lk; Nghyg;ghq;fd; ciuahb ,ilepd;w $l;lhikapd;’77

vd er;rpdhHf;fpdpahUk;> “jd; tapw;ghq;fd; mts;tapw; ghq;F nra;ahd;”78

vdg; NguhrphpaUk; Njhodpd; flikfis tiuaiw nra;Js;sdH.
jiytDf;Fk; NjhoDf;Fkpilahd Ritahd ciuahly; xd;W
FWe;njhifapy; ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ. jiytpiar; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w jiytd;
thba Kfj;NjhL tUfpd;whd;. vjpHnfhz;l Njhod; jiytdpd; Kfthl;lk;
czHe;J vd;d ele;J vd tpdhTfpd;whd;. “jiytpiar; re;jpj;j Ntis

171
rw;Nw neUq;fptpl;Nld;. mts; Nfhgpj;J tpl;lhs;”. “fhjw; re;jpg;gpy; ,J

xd;Wk; Gjpajpy;iyNa. eP Vd; tUe;Jfpd;wha;?” “,y;iy ez;gh> jiytpAk;

NjhopAk; vd;idj; jtwhf vz;ZfpwhHfs;”. “fyq;fhNj ez;gh> fhjypy;

fhkKk;> fhkj;jpy; fhjYk; fye;Jjhd; ,Uf;Fk;. fhkk; vk;ik tUj;jp
mopf;fpd;w MAjky;y> jPHj;Jtpl Kbahj nfhba NehAk; my;y. mJ
vt;tifapYk; Fiwe;jjy;y. mNjh ghH> mq;Nf xU gy;tpOe;j tarhd gR
Gy; Nka;e;Jnfhz;bUg;gij. Gjpjhf Kisj;j me;j ,sk;Gw;fis me;jg;
gRthy; Nka KbahJ. gy; ,y;iy. MdhYk; jd; Edp ehf;fhy; me;jg;
Gw;fisfisj; jltp mtw;iw Nka;e;j ,d;gj;ijg; ngWfpd;wJ. mg;gbj;jhd;
fhjNyhL ,ize;j fhkKk;> epidf;fpd;w Nghnjy;yhk; ,d;ge;ju ty;yJ.
,jaj;jpw;F ,jk; juf; $baJ. kzkhFk; tiu vy;iy kPwhJ ,d;gj;ij
cdf;Fs; czHe;J nfhs;”

“fhkk; fhkk; vd;g fhkk;

mzq;Fk; gpzpAk; md;Nw: epidg;gpd;>
Kijr;Rtw; fypj;j Kw;wh ,sk;Gy;
%jh ijte; jhq;F
tpUe;Nj fhkk; ngUe;Njh NshNa”79
,JNt Njhod; jiytDf;Ff; $wpa mwpTiu. jiytdpd; kdk;
NehfhJ MWjYk; $wp> mofhd ctikNahL vy;iy kPwhNj vd
,be;Jiuf;Fk; gz;Gk; rq;fj; Njhodplj;Nj rpwe;jpUg;gij ,g;ghly; topahf
czuyhk;. NjhoNdhL njhlHGgl;l NtW rpy nra;jpfSk; rq;f
,yf;fpaj;jpNy ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. Nkw;$wg;gll el;GwTfs; rq;ffhy
,yf;fpaq;fspNy moFwTk; mOj;jkhfTk; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. el;G kpfr; rpwe;j
cwT vd;gijf; fhyq;fhykhf ,yf;fpaq;fSk; Vida fiyfSk;
ntspg;gLj;jp te;Js;sd.
fhjYf;F mLj;jgbahf ,yf;fpaq;fs; mjpfk; Ngrpa cwT el;Ng.
md;G> fhjy;> el;G vd;w %d;Wk; ntt;Ntwhdit. ,it xd;Nwhnlhd;W
gpd;dg; gpize;jpUe;jhYk;> xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; ,ilNa xU nky;ypa E}ypio
,ilntsp ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwJ. ,jid ftdkha; ifahs;fpwtDf;F
kl;LNk fhjypAlDk;> NjhopAlDk; neUly; ,y;yhj neUf;fk; Vw;gLk;.

172
 rq;f ,yf;fpa fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhd mwnewpf;fhyj;jpy; fhjy;
czHTfSf;F Kjd;ik toq;fg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; gyTk;
el;igg; Nghw;wpapUf;fpd;wd. el;G gw;wpa mOj;jkhd gilg;Gfs; ,d;W tiu
,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd.

cld;Nghf;F mwnewp

rq;f mfj;jpizg; ghly;fspy; jiyikg; ngWtJ ghiyj;jpizNa

vd;w ghuhl;Liuf;Nfw;g Iq;FWE}w;wpd; ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs; rpwe;J
tpsq;Ffpd;wd. md;gpd; Ie;jpizf;F tpj;Jg;Nghy mj;jpiz ,Ug;gJld;
,d;gj;jpidr; rpwf;fr; nra;tJk; ,Jjhd;. cyf ,d;gj;jpw;F
,d;wpaikahjjhfTs;s nghUis Mf;Ftjw;Fk; ,j;jpiz jhd; mbg;gilahf
cs;sJ.
Xjyhe;ijahH> nrytOq;Ftpj;j gj;J njhlq;fp kWjuTg; gj;J
tiuapYk; ,j;jpizg; ghly;f
; spd; thapyhfg; gphpT xOf;fj;ij kl;Lk;
vLj;Jiuf;fhky; mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;tpay; mwq;fSs; xd;whfTk;
,e;E}w;whz;by; kf;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUk;
cld;Nghf;F newp gw;wpa nra;jpfis 26 ghly;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH.
kfl;Nghf;fpa topj;jha; ,uq;F gj;J
cld;Nghf;fpd;fz; ,ilr;ruj;J ciuj;j gj;J
kWjuTg; gj;J
Mfpa %d;W gFjpfspy; ,lk; ngWk; ,g;ghly;fspy; nrtpyp $w;wpy; 17
ghly;fSk; ew;wha; $w;wpy; 9 ghly;fSk; cs;sd.

Ky;iyf;fypapd; rpwg;Gfs;
Ky;iy epy kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwfs;> gz;Gfs; Mfpa rpwg;Gfspy;
rpytw;iw ,g;gFjpapy; mwpayhk;.
MaHfs; Gyp Kjypa nfhba tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J jk; gR Kjypa
,dq;fisf; fhf;f Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,Ue;jdH. NkYk; ehl;bd; vy;iyg;
gFjp fhL. gifthpd; jhf;FjYf;F Kjypy; cl;gLtJk; mg;gFjpNa> Mjyhy;
mtHfs; tPuk; cilatuhf tpsq;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vdNt MaH> jk; kfis
kzf;f tUk; MltH tPuk; kpf;ftuha; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd vz;zpdhH. mjd;
fhuzkhf VW jOTk; epfo;rr
; pia Vw;gLj;jpdH. VW jOTjy; vd;gJ

173
rPwpg;ghAk; fhisfisj; jOtp mlf;Fjy; MFk;. MaH VWfspd; nfhk;igf;
$Hikahfr; rPtpg; gue;j ntspahd VW jOTk; ,lj;jpy; tpLtH. ,isQH
Nghl;b Nghl;L VW jOt Kay;tH. VW jOtpa MaDf;Fj; jk; ngz;iz
kzk; Kbj;Jj; jUtH MaH. VW jOty; fhl;rpfis ey;YUj;jpud; ghba
Ky;iyf;fypg; ghly;fspy; tphpthff; fhzyhk;.
XX! ,ts;> ngUGfy; ey; VW nfhs;gtH my;yhy;
jpUkhnka; jPz;lyH80
NghH nra;Ak; tpUg;gk; cila ey;y fhisia mlf;FgtNu my;yhky;
NtW ahUk; ,tsJ nka; jPz;lj;jf;ftH my;yH vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.
MaHFyg; ngz; VW jOTk; MltidNa tpUk;gp kzg;ghs; vd;gij ,J
czHj;JfpwJ.
ML> khLfs; trpf;Fk; ,lj;ijAk;> VW jOTk; ,lj;ijAk; ‘njhO’
vd;gH. VW jOTtjw;F Kd; ePHj;JiwfspYk;> kuj;jbfspYk; cs;s
nja;tq;fis topgLtJ kuG. tPuk; mw;wtid MaHFyg; ngz;bH tpUk;g
khl;lhH. fhisapd; nfhk;Gf;F mr;rk; nfhs;gtid MaH kfs; mLj;j
gpwtpapy; $lf; fztdhf Vw;fkhl;lhs;. ,f;fUj;ij
nfhy;Nyw;Wf; NfhL mQ;R thid kWikAk;
Gy;yhNs Ma kfs; 81
vd;w fypj;njhif mbfs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
,isQHfs; VW jOTk; fhl;rpiaf; fhZk; NjhopAk; jiytpAk; Ngrpf;
nfhs;Sk; ciuahlypy; mf;fhl;rp mofhf tphpfpwJ. MaH fhisfisj;
njhOtpy; tpLfpd;wNghJ thj;jpaq;fs; Koq;Ffpd;wd. kfspH thpirahf
epw;fpd;wdH. njhOtpy; MaH gha;e;jNghJ J}rp fpsk;GfpwJ. njhOtpy; gha;e;j
MaH fhisfspd; nfhk;gpidg; gpbj;jdH@ jk; khHgpy; nghUe;Jk;gb jOtpdH.
mtw;wpd; fOj;jpy; mlq;fpdH@ nfhz;il KwpAk;gb jOtpdH@ NjhSf;F eLNt
fhisapd; fOj;ijg; GFk;gb tpl;ldH@ fhisfs; MaHfisf; fPNo tPo;j;jpd@
ePz;l nfhk;Gfshy; rhFk;gb Fj;jpd@ nkhj;jj;jpy; NfhgKw;w fhis vkidg;
Nghy; tpsq;fpaJ. ,f;fhl;rpfisf; fypj;njhif 105 Mk; ghly; tphpthff;
fhl;LfpwJ.
VW jOty; Kbe;jgpd; cwtpdH ,irTld; jpUkzk; epfo;j;JtNj
MaH Fy tof;fkhfj; njhpfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;> fypj;njhifapy;
kl;LNk VW jOty; epfo;rr
; p ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

174
vUikf; nfhk;ig topgly;

MaH jk; tPl;by; jpUkzk; Kjypa epfo;T epfOk;NghJ nrk;kz;

g+RtH. ,skziy tPl;bd; Kd;gf;fk; gug;GtH. ngz; vUikf; nfhk;ig tPl;by;
itj;J mijj; nja;tkhf topgLtH.
jUkzy; jhog;nga;J> ,y;g+ty; Cl;b
vUikg; ngilnahL vkH<q;F maUk;
ngUkzk; 82
nfhzHe;J Ftpj;j kziyg; gug;Gfpd;wdH@ tPl;by; nrk;kz; g+Rfpd;wdH.
nja;tkha; itj;j ngz; vUikapd; nfhk;ig topgl;L cwtpdH jpUkzk;
epfo;j;Jfpd;wdH vd;gJ ,g;ghly; thpfspd; nghUs; MFk;.

%tpdk; tsHj;jy;

vUik> gR> ML Mfpa %tpdj;ij tsHj;J mtw;wpd; gad;fshy;

tho;f;if elj;Jk; MaH %tifg;gLtH.
1. Nfhl;bdj;J MaH - vUikf; $l;lj;ij cilatH.
2. Nfhtpdj;J MaH - gRf; $l;lj;ij cilatH.
3. Gy;ypdj;J MaH - MLfis cilatH

kwg;gz;gpy; gRtpd; Maiu tpl vUik ,d MaNu rpwe;jtH vd;w

nfhs;if MaUf;F cz;L.
,/J xj;jd;
Nfhl;bdj;J MaHkfd; md;Nw kPl;L xuhd;
NghHGfy; Vw;Wg; gpzHvUj;jpy; jj;JG
jhHNghy; joP, atd; 83
NghhpLk; fhisapd; fOj;jpy; gha;e;J khiyaha; mjidj; jOtpatd;
vUikf; $l;lj;ij cila MaHkfd; my;yth? fhisapd; typikia
mlf;fhky; mtd; kPshd; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.

ghy;> NkhH tpw;wy;

Mtpdj;ij tsHj;J Mtpd; gadhd ghy;> NkhH> ntz;nza; tpw;W

tUfpwhs; MaH Fyg; ngz; xUj;jp. jiyapy; NkhHg; ghid Ve;jpg; nghpa

175
CHfisAk;> rpwpa CHfisAk; fle;J nry;fpwhs; mts;. moFk; ,sikAk;
epiwa> NkhUld; te;jtisf; fz;lNghJ CH KOtJk; Muthuk;
cz;lhfpwJ.
fhkf; flTs; ghYld; nry;Yk; mofpa MaH Fyg; ngz;izf;
fz;lhy; mk;Gfs; gadw;wd vd;W mtw;iwf; fPNo ,l;L tpLthd; vd;fpd;wdH.
,t;thW gpwH Vtg; ghy;> NkhH> ntz;nza; tpw;NghH ‘tpidty ghq;fH’
vdf; Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.

fhjw;fs;td;

fsnthOf;j;jpy; rpy jUzq;fspy; xOf;fkpd;ikAk; ,Ue;jJ. mJjhd;

fhjypj;j ngz;izf; iftpLjy; Vkhw;Wjy; xU tifapy; ,t;tifahd
xOf;fkpd;ikjhd; ‘midtUf;Fk;’ njhptpf;Fk; tifapyhd jpUkzk;’
(vy;Nyhh; Kd;dpiyapYk; kzkf;fSf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;Jitj;jy;) vd;w
fUj;jhf;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ vdyhk;. mjw;FKd;G> fhjyh;fs; jq;fSf;Fs;
kdnkhj;j epiyapy; jhq;fshfNt jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;ldh;. kz xg;ge;jk;
me;j xg;ge;jj;jpid mth;fSs; xUth; kPWk;NghJ my;yJ kWf;Fk;NghJ
mth;fs; kl;LNk mwpe;j mj;jpUkzk; Nfs;tpf;FwpajhdJ.
,J> fgpyh; ,aw;wpAs;s FwpQ;rpj;jpiz rhh;e;j FWe;njhifg; ghly;
xd;wpy; kpfr; rpwg;ghfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.me;jg; ghlYf;F tpsf;fNk
Njitapy;iy. vy;NyhUf;Fk; vspjpy; GhpAk; tifapy; mike;j rpy rq;f
,yf;fpag; ghly;fSs; mJTk; xd;W. ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;> jhdJ
ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh… FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw vd;w
,g;ghlypy; fhjypj;J kze;J nfhz;ltd; ,g;NghJ Cuwpa tiue;Jnfhs;s
(kzKbj;Jf;nfhs;s) fhyk;jho;j;Jfpwhd;. xUNtis mtd; ‘mtisj;

jdpikapy; kzf;ftpy;iy’ vd;W ngha; $wptpl;lhy; mjid nka;g;gpf;f

mtsplk; VnjhU rhl;rpaKk; ,y;iy. Mjyhy;> jd; fhjyid – jd;

fztid jd; mofpidf; ftHe;jtid mts; ‘fs;td;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whs;.

,j;jifa fs;tHfs; epiwe;jjhy;jhd;> mtHfspd; ngha;Ak; tOTk;
(Fw;wk;) ngz;fspd; tho;itg; ghjpj;jhy;jhd; ‘fuzk;’ (vy;NyhH

Kd;dpiyapYk; jpUkzk;) vd;w ‘xg;gd; jpUkzk;’ Njhw;wptpf;fg;gl;ljhf

njhy;fhg;gpaH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
176
rpyk;igf; fow;Wjy;

mf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;Zf;F mts; gUtkile;j gpd;dHjhd; jpUkzk;

nra;tpj;Js;sdH. Foe;ijj; jpUkzk; tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy. nghJthfg;
gd;dpuz;L tajpy; ngz;fSf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;tpj;Js;dH.
mf;fhyj;jpy; rpWkpfs; jq;fspd; fhy;fspy; rpyk;G mzpe;jpUe;jdH.
mtHfs; jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ jq;fspd; fhy;fspy; cs;s rpyk;Gfis mfw;Wk;
tof;fk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,jidr; ‘rpyk;G fop Nehd;G’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH.
,J gw;wp Iq;FWE}w;wpd; 399 Mk; ghly; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.
,UtPl;lhH rk;kjj;NjhL eilngWk; jpUkzq;fspy; ,r;rlq;F
nra;ag;ngw;Ws;sJ. xU tPl;lhH rk;kj;NjhL kl;Lk; eilngWk; jpUkzj;jpy;
,r;rlq;F gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy. ,JFwpj;J ew;wpizapd; 279 Mk; ghly;
Rl;bAs;sJ.
FWe;njhifapd; VohtJ ghlypy;> jiytp jd; jiytDld; tPl;il
tpl;L Xbg;NghdNghJ mtHfs; topj;jlj;jpy; re;jpg;gtHfs; jiytpapd; fhypy;
rpyk;G ,Ug;gjidf; fz;L> ‘mtSf;Fj; jpUkzkhftpy;iy’ vd;W
fUJtjhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Vd; jiytp jd; fhypy; rpyk;Gld; Xbg;Nghdhs;? xUNtis
kwe;jpUf;fyhk;. ,k;kwjpapid mfehD}w;wpd; 17tJghly; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
gyNtisfspy; jiytpfs; rpyk;gpidf; fow;wpitf;f kwg;gjpy;iy.
,jid> ew;wpizapd; 9 kw;Wk; 279 Mfpa ghly;fSk; mfehD}w;wpd; 321
MtJ ghlYk;> ‘jiytp jd; jiytDld; cld;Nghf;F Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ
(Xbg;NghFk; Kd;) jd; fhw;rpyk;gpidj; jd; jha;tPl;bNyNa fow;wp
itj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;whs;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.

‘Nehd;G’ vd;W mjidf; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy;> mJ vjw;fhf Nehw;fg;gl;lJ

vd;w tpdh vOfpwJ xUNtis mJ mtHfspd; fd;dpikiaf; fhf;f>
mwpTWj;j mtHfSf;F mzptpf;fg;ngw;wjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ
mJ ePf;fg;ngw;whfNtz;LNk! mjw;fhfj;jhd; ,e;jr; rlq;F.
jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ NtW Gjpa rpyk;G mzptpf;fg; ngw;wpUf;fNtz;Lk;.
fhuzk;> jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; fz;zfpAk; Nfhg;ngUe;NjtpAk; rpyk;G
mzpe;jpUe;jdH. mg;Gjpa rpyk;G mg;ngz;Zf;F kpfTk; Kjd;ikahdjhf
,Ue;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.

177
 Mk;! mjdhy;jhd; fz;zfp jd;dplKs;s midj;J nry;tq;fisAk;
NfhtyDf;F mspj;jgpd;dH> ,Wjpahf mtDf;Fj; jd; fhw;rpyk;GfSs;
xd;wpid kl;Lk; toq;fpdhs;. jpUkzkhd gpd;dH ngz;Zf;Fj;jhd;
mzpe;Js;s kq;fyehZk; rpyk;Gk; Kjd;ikahdjhf ,Ue;Js;sd. jhypia
<ifahpa ,ioazp vd;W GwehD}w;wpd; 127 MtJ ghly; Rl;bAs;sJ.
jpUkzj;jpy; ngz;Zf;Fj; jhyp vd;w kq;fy ehzpid mzpAk; rlq;F
gw;wpa Fwpg;G fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy. Mdhy;> neLney;thil vd;w
,yf;fpaj;jpy; 136tJ mbapy; murp jd; muridg; gphpe;j fhyj;jpy; fOj;jpy;
,Ue;j kq;fyehzpizj; jtpu kw;w vy;yh mzpfyd;fisAk; ePf;fptpl;ljhff;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpUkzk; (fuzk;)

‘fuzk;’ vd;w ,e;jj; jpUkzq;fisj; jkpoHfs; vt;thW epfo;j;jpdH

vd;w tpdhTf;Fr; rq;f ,yf;fpag; ghly;fs; Mjhuk;Nghy cs;sd. Fwpg;ghf
mfehD}w;wpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s 86> 136 Mfpa ghly;fs;.
nghpa ge;jy; mikj;jdH. mjd; fPNo Ntw;wplj;jpypUe;J
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l GJkziyg; gug;gpdH. tPl;by; tpsf;fpid Vw;wp itj;jdH.
khiyfisj; Njhuzkhfj; njhq;ftpl;ldH. cOj;jk; gUg;Gld; NrHj;Jr;
rikj;j FiojiyAila nghq;fypid itj;jdH. re;jpud;. Nuhfpzp
el;rj;jpuj;ij mile;j ed;ehspd; tpbay; fhiyapy; kzr;rlq;Ffisj;
njhlq;fpdH. kzk; nra;Jitf;Fk; kq;fyKila Kjpa kfspH jq;fspd;
jiyapy; Flj;jpidAk; iffspy; mfd;w ‘kz;il’ vd;w fyj;jpidAk;
itj;Jf;nfhz;L> Muthuj;NjhL Kiwg;gb gytw;iw toq;fpdH. ed;kf;fisg;
ngw;w ehd;F kfspH$b> kzkfisf; fw;gpid tOthJ ed;NgH ngw;W
fztid tpUk;gpg; NgZf’ vd tho;j;jpdH vd;w nra;jpapid mfehD}w;W
86tJ ghlypy; ey;yhT+Hf; fpohH $wpAs;shH.
,iwr;rpAld; $ba nea;kpf;f (vz;nza;) nts;spaNrhw;iw
jd;ikAila caHe;j Rw;wj;jhUf;F tpUe;jhff; nfhLj;jdH. Gs; (gwit)
epkpj;jk; ,dpjhf mike;jJ. nghpa thdk; njspthd xspiaAilajhf
tpsq;fpaJ. re;jpud; cNuhfpzpiaf; $ba ed;dhspy; kzk; epfOk; tPl;bid
moFgLj;jpdH. flTis topgl;ldH. kzKotpidAk; nghpa KurpidAk;

178
xypf;fr; nra;jdH. kzg;ngz;iz kfspH$b ePuhl;bdH vd;w nra;jpia
mfehD}w;W 136tJ ghlypy; tpw;W}w;W %njapddhH $wpAs;shH.
‘fw;G’ vd;w xd;wpw;fhf gae;j fhyk; rq;ffhyk;. Mdhy; ,d;Nwh
epiyik khwptpl;lJ. rq;ffhyj;Jf;F Kd; fhyj;jpy; jpUkzk; (fuzk;) vd;w
rlq;Nf epfohky; fsT kzj;Jld; kl;LNk ,Ue;J tpLk; epiyik ,Ue;j
fhyj;jpy;> jw;nghOJ cs;sJNghy rpy fatHfSk; mf;fhyj;jpYk;
,Ue;Js;sdH. gy ngz;fs; mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lij czHe;j nghpatHfs;>
gy;NyhUk; mwpa> MltUk; ngz;bUk; jpUkzk; nra;jhy;jhd; ey;yJ vd;w
fhuzj;ij Kd;dpl;L> fuzk; vd;w tJitr; rlq;if Vw;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd;w
cz;ikia ,ilr;rq;f fhyj;jpy; njhy;fhg;gpauhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l
njhy;fhg;gpak;>
‘ngha;Ak; tOTk; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH

IaH ahj;jdH fuz; vd;g’

vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; ed;F GydhfpwJ. xU ngz;Zf;F MltDld; jpUkzk;
vd;gJ xU rlq;Fjhd;. xUj;jp> xUtid epidj;Jtpl;lhNy cs;sj;jstpy;
jpUkzk; (kzk; Ghpe;jjhfNt) Mfptpl;ljhfNt nghUs;.
Ky;iyf;fypapy; xU jiytp>
‘tphpePH cLf;if tpaDyfk; ngwpDk;
mUnewp fz;l Ma kfspUf;F
,Ukzk; $Ljy; ,y; ,ay;gd;Nw’

vd;W $Wtjd; %yk;> ‘epidj;jhNy NghJk; mJNt fuzj;Jf;F xg;G’ vd;Dk;

fUj;ij vz;zpg;ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. fz;l khj;jpuj;jpy; cs;sjstpy; fuzk;
nra;J nfhs;tijj;jhd; rq;f ,yf;fpak;> ‘cs;sg; GzHr;rp;’ my;yJ ‘nja;tg;

GzHr;rp’ vd;W $wpAs;sJ. Mdhy;> ,J jiytpaplk; kl;Lk; epfOk; xd;W

,jpypUe;J> jkpoHfspd; jpUkzk; gw;wpa El;gkhd cz;ik njspthfpwJ.
vy;NyhUk; $WfpwhHfs; vd;gjw;fhf> ve;jnthU nrhy;Yf;Fk; jtwhd nghUs;
nfhs;shky; ‘nka;g;nghUs;’ fhz;gJ rhyr;rpwe;jJ.

fsT tho;f;if
fsT vd;gjw;F gpwHf;Fhpa nghUis kiwapy; Nfhly; (gpwH mwpahJ
nfhs;Sjy;) vd;W nghUs; $WtH ,sk;G+uzH. jkf;F cwT my;yhj xU

179
ngz;iz mtsJ cwtpdH nfhLf;ff; nfhs;shJ> Nfl;Lg; ngwhJ ngz;zpd;
tpUg;gj;NjhL ahUk; mwpahky; $b> gpd;Dk; me;epiy thohky; tho;jy; fsT
vd mfg;nghUspy; toq;FfpwJ. Co; $l;Ltpf;f xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; mw;w
jiytDk; jiytpAk; re;jpj;Jf; fhjy; nfhz;L njhlHtJ fsT tho;f;if
MFk;.
xd;wp caHe;j ghyJ Mizapd;
xj;j fpotDk; fpoj;jpAk; fhz;g84
vd;W fstpd; njhlf;fj;ijj; njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. ,ij ,aw;ifg;
GzHr;rp vd;gH. ,jd;NkYk; ,le;jiyg;ghL> ghq;fw; $l;lk;> ghq;fpapw; $l;lk;
vdf; fsT njhlUk;. Iq;FWE}w;wpy; mike;Js;s fsnthOf;fg; ghly;fis
nfhz;L mf;fhy fhjy; tho;it mwpayhk;.

ghy; my;yJ Co;

kdpjDf;F elf;Fk; ed;ik jPikfSf;Fg; ghy; my;yJ Co; my;yJ

tpjpjhd; fhuzk; vd;gJ ek;kpy; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fspd; ek;gpf;if. Copd;
typahNyNa jiytDk; jiytpAk; re;jpg;ghH. fsT tho;f;ifiaj;
njhlq;FtH. ,jid xU jiytpapd; $w;why; mwpa KbfpwJ.
md;id thop Ntz;ld;id – Gd;id
nghd;dpwk; tphpAk; g+f;nfO Jiwtid
vd;id vd;Dk; ahNk; ,t;t+H
gpwpnjhd; whff; $Wk;
Mq;Fk; Mf;FNkh thopa ghNy85
vdj; jiytp tpdTtjhfg; ghly; mike;Js;sJ. ,r;nra;jp Co;jhd; jiytd;
jiytpia xd;W NrHj;J itf;fpwJ vd;w fUj;jpw;Fr; rhd;whFk;.

,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp

xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; mw;w jiytDk; jiytpAk; tpjp taj;jhy; re;jpf;f

NeUk;. re;jpj;j ,UtUk; xUtUf;F xUtH Fwpg;gwpe;J GzHr;rp Nkw;nfhs;tH.
,J ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp vdg;gLk;. ,J fhl;rp> Iak;> njspT> JzpT vd;Dk;
ehd;F epiyfspy; epfOk;.
jpiu ,kpo; ,d;dpir mis, mayJ
180
 KoT ,kpo; ,d;dpir kWFnjhWk; ,irf;Fk;
njhz;b md;d gizj;Njhs;
xz;njhb mhpit vd; neQ;R nfhz;lhNs
,J nea;jy; jpizapy; mike;j ghlyhFk;. ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rpapy;
kfpo;e;J ePq;Fk; jiytd;> jiytp Maj;NjhL (Njhopfs; $l;lj;NjhL)
nry;tijf; fz;L> mts; eyk; (moF) ghuhl;b> jd; neQ;rk; ftHe;j
epiyiaf; $Wfpd;whd;. ,J ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp Fwpj;jjhFk;.

,le;jiyg;ghL

,aw;ifg; GzHr;rpapy; Kjy; ehs; <Lgl;l jiytd; kPz;Lk; mt;tplj;J

me;Neuj;Jr; nrd;why; mtisr; re;jpf;fyhk; vd;W fUJthd;. jiytpAk;
,q;qdNk fUjpdhy; re;jpg;Gfs; epfOk;;. ,J ,le;jiyg;ghL (,lj;ij
miljy;) vdg;gLk;. ,le;jiyg;ghl;by; jiytd; jiytpiaj; jtpu NtW
ahUf;Fk; gq;F ,y;iy.
,yq;Ftis njspHg;g myt dhl;b
Kfk;Gij fJg;gpds;> ,iwQ;rp epd;NwhNs
Gyk;Gnfhs; khiy kiwa
eyq;Nf ohfk; ey;Fts; vdf;Nf86
,J nea;jy; jpizg; ghlyhFk;. ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp epfo;e;j ,lj;jpy;
jiytpiaf; fhz;Nghk; vd;W jiytd; nrd;W mq;Fj; jiytpiaf; $Lfpwhd;.
khiy kiwe;jJk; jiykfs; $Lths; vd;w vjpHghHg;igf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy;
ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

ghq;fw; $l;lk;

,le;jiyg;ghl;bw;Fg; gpd; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f Kbahj epiy Vw;gLk;

NghJ jiytd;> ghq;fdpd; (Njhodpd;) cjtpia ehLthd;. re;jpf;f Kbahky;
tUe;jp cly; khWgl;L ,Uf;Fk; jiytidf; fz;L ghq;fNd cjtTk; Kd;
tUthd;. ,q;qdk; jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; epfOk; $l;lk; ghq;fw; $l;lk;
(ghq;fdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l re;jpg;G) vdg;gLk;.
xz;njhb mhpit nfhz;lds; neQ;Nr
tz;bkpH gdpj;Jiwj; njhz;b Mq;fz;

181
 cuTf;fl nyhypj;jpiu nad;d
,utp dhDk; Japnywp NaNd87
,J nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;. J}q;fhky; my;yy;gLk; jiytidg;
ghHj;J tpdt> xz;njhb mhpit vd; cs;sk; nfhz;lhs; vdj; jd;
Jd;gj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ijj; jiytd; $Wtjhfg; ghly; mike;Js;sJ.
jiytpiaj; jiytd; re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; nrd;W ghHj;J te;j ghq;fd;>
‘,j;jF moF tha;e;j jiytpiar; re;jpg;gtHfs; ,uT Neuj;jpy; kzpiaj;

njhiyj;J tpl;l ehfg;ghk;G milAk; Jd;gj;ij Nghyj; Jd;gk; miltJ’88

vdj; jdf;Fs;Ns $Wk; nra;jp ghlyhf mike;Js;sJ.
‘Fwp ey;fpdhs;’89 vdg; ghq;fd; $Wk; nra;jp> ghq;fw; $l;lj;jpw;F mtd;
Vw;ghL nra;jikiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

ghq;fpaw; $l;lk;

ghq;fw; $l;lKk; ,ilaPLgLfpd;wNghNjh> re;jpf;fNt ,ayhjNghNjh

jiytd; Njhopapd; cjtpia ehLthd;. ghq;fpaw; $l;lk; / Njhopapw; $l;;lk;
fsTg; GzHr;rpapy; kpfg; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;Fk;. ghq;fw; $l;lj;jpd;NghNj>
vjpHfhyj;jpy; Njhopapd; cjtp Njit vd;gijj;; jiytd; czHfpwhd;. ,ij
mwpTWj;Jk; ghly; xd;W Iq;FWE}w;wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
“vkf;F eae;J mUspid Mapd; gizj;Njhd;
ed;Djy; mhpitnahL nkd;nky ,ayp
te;jprpd; thopNah kle;ij
njhz;l md;djpd; gz;G gy nfhz;Nl” 90
mLj;j re;jpg;gpd; NghJ NjhopiaAk; cldioj;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;w
jiytdpd; Ntz;LNfhis ,J vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwJ.
Njhopapw; $l;lk; vd;gJ ghq;fp kjp cld;ghL> gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwp>
myH> Nrl;gil> kly; jpwk;> ntwpahl;L> nehJkyH tiuT> tiuT flhjy;>
mwj;njhL ep;w;wy;> xUtopj; jzj;jy;> cld;Nghf;F vd;w epiyfspy; mikAk;.

ghq;fp kjp cld;ghL

jiytd;> jiytp kPJ nfhz;Ls;s fhjiyj; Njhop mwpar; nra;jYk;
fhjiy Vw;fr; nra;jYk; kjpAld;ghL MFk;. ,J Kd;DwT czHjy;>

182
FiwAw czHjy;> ,UtUk; cs;top mtd; tuT czHjy; vd;w epiyfspy;
epfOk;.
FiwAw czHjy; vd;gJ> jiytd;> jiytpiar; re;jpf;f Kbahky;
jtpf;Fk; jd; Fiwiaj; jPHf;ff; Nfhhpj; Njhopaplk; Kiwapl;Lj; jio Mil
nfhLf;f> mjid Vw;w Njhop> jiytpiaf; $l;lj;jpw;F cld;glr; nrhy;Yk;
nra;jpiaf; $WfpwJ. jioAil vd;gJ ifAiw vd;w nrhy;yhy; mf
,yf;fpaq;fspy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;. jioAiliaj; jiytpaplk; jiytd; Neuhff;
nfhLg;gJk;> Njhop thapyhff; nfhLg;gJk; jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; cs;s
fhjiyg; Gwj;jhHf;Fg; (kw;wtHfSf;F) Gyg;gLj;Jk; FwpaPL MFk;.
kjpAld;ghl;bd; njhlHr;rpahfg; gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwpfs; epfOk;.

Nrl;gil

jiytd; Njhopaplk; Fiwapue;J epw;Fk;NghJ> Njhop cld;glhJ

jiytid mt;tplj;ij tpl;L mfw;w Kw;gLths;. ,J Nrl;gil vd;Dk;
epiy-Jiw MFk;.
nehJk yhsH nfhs;shH ,itNa
vk;nkhL te;J flnyhL kfspUk;
nea;jyk; gifj;jiog; ghit GidahH
clyfk; nfhs;NthH ,d;ikapd;
njhliyf; Fw;w rpyg+ tpdNu91
vd;w ghly; Njhop jiytdplk; $Wk; nra;jpiaf; nfhz;lJ. cq;fSf;F ve;j
tifapYk; njhlHgpy;yhj gifNah el;Ngh ,y;yhj nehJkyhsuhfpatHfs;
ePq;fs; nfhLg;gij Vw;f khl;lhHfs; vd;Wk; nea;jy; epyj;jpy; fpilf;fhj
,j;jioAilia Vw;why; ghHg;NghUf;F Iak; Vw;gLk; vd;W $wp> Njhop
jiytid mfw;w KaYk; nra;jp ghlypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,JNt Nrl;gil.
jiytpaJ ,sikiaf; $wp> kzj;jpw;fhd jFjpia milahjts;
vd;W $wpj; jiytid mfw;Wk; Kaw;rpapYk; Njhop <LgLths;.

gfw;Fwp

kjpAld;ghl;by; ntw;wp fz;l jiytd; Njhopapd; cjtpNahL kPz;Lk;

kPz;Lk; jiytpiag; gfw;nghOjpy; xU Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; re;jpg;gJ gfw;Fwp
MFk;. gfw;Fwp ,y;y tshfj;jpw;F ntspapy; epfOk;.
183
 ghly; (215) gfw;Fwpiaf; Fwpg;gpLtNjhL ,uTf;Fwp eaj;jiyAk;
(tpUg;gj;ijAk;) Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. ‘Gjy; kyH khiyAk; gphpNthH’92 vd;w njhlH
gfw;Fwpapy; te;J jpUk;Gtij tpsf;FtjhFk;.
gfypy; te;J nry;tjhy; Vw;gLk; ,ila+WfisAk; ,utpy; re;jpg;gjhy;
Vw;gLk; ed;ikfisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L gfw;Fwpia kWj;J ,uTf;Fwpia
tpUk;GtJ cz;L. Nkw;fhl;ba ghly;> gfw;Fwpf; fz; te;J ePq;Fk; jiytd;
rpiwg;Gwj;jpy; (tshf vy;iyf; Nfhl;by;) ,Uf;f> mtd; Nfl;;Fk; tifapy;
gfw;Fwp kWj;J ,uTf;Fwp tpUk;gp> jiytp Njhopf;F ciug;gjhf
mike;Js;sJ.

,uTf;Fwp

,uTf;Fwp vd;gJ ,uT Neuj;jpy; xU Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; jiytd;>

jiytpiaj; Njhopapd; cjtpAld; re;jpg;gjhFk;. ,uTf;Fwp ,y;y tshfj;jpy;
epfOk;.
godf; fk;Gs; gapHg;ngil mfTk;
fodp Cu!epd; nkhopty;; vd;Wk;

JQ;Rkid neLefH tUjp;

mQ;rh Nah,ts; je;ijif NtNy93

vd;w ghly; Njhop jiytdplk; $Wtjhf mike;jjhFk;. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;s ‘JQ;Rkid neLefH tUjp’ vd;w njhlH ,uTf;Fwpiaf;
Fwpg;gjhFk;.
gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwp Fwpj;j ghly;fs; vy;yhk; mtw;iw kl;Lk;
Fwpg;gjhf ,y;yhky; NtW nra;jpfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;. gfw;Fwp kWj;J ,uTf;Fwp
tpUk;GtJk; gpd; ,uTf;Fwpapd; ,lHghLfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L tiuTf;F Kayr;
nrhy;tJk; Mfpa nra;jpfs; ghly;fspy; ,lk;ngWk;. Nkw;fhl;ba ghlypy;
cs;s ‘mQ;rhNah ,ts; je;ij ifNtNy?” vd;w njhlH kiwKfkhf tiuT
flhTtJ (jpUkzj;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;ar; nrhy;YtJ) MFk;.

my;yy; Fwp

,uTf;Fwpapd; NghJ jtWfs; Vw;gLtJ czL. VNjh XH xypiaj;

jiytd; Fwpg;gpl;l xyp vd;W fUjp> Fwpaplj;J te;J jiytd; ,y;yhjJ
184
fz;L tUe;jp> jiytp ,y;yj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;GtJk;> jiytd; te;J xyp
vOg;Gfpd;wNghJ jiytp gioaij epidj;J thuhjpUg;gJk; my;yFwpfs;
MFk;.
fhkk; flt> cs;sk; ,idg;g
ahk; te;J fhz;gNjhH gUt khapd;
Xq;fpj; Njhd;Wk; caHtiuf;F
;
ahq;nfdg; gLtJ Ek;%H> nja;Nah? 94
vd;w ghly; my;yFwpf;Fr; rhd;W MFk;. Njhop jiytdplk; $Wtjhfg;
ghly; mike;Js;sJ. jiytd; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f ,uTf;Fwpf;F tUfpwhd;.
VNjh fhuzj;jhy; (my;yFwp) re;jpf;f ,ayhky; Ngha; tpLfpwJ. kWKiw
tUfpwhd;. mg;NghJ Njhop Kjy; ehs; tutpy;iy vd;W fUjpj; jiytdplk;
ntFz;L NgRfpwhs;. ‘fhjy; ce;Jfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ehq;fs; ck;ikr; re;jpf;f

tUfpd;Nwhk;. ck;Kila CH vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ?’ vd;gjhfg; ghly;

mike;Js;sJ.

mwj;njhL epw;wy;

mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzj;jpy; mwj;njhL epw;wy; vd;gJ

Kjd;ikahdnjhU kuG MFk;. jiykf;fspd; tho;it mwtopapy;
epiyg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; Njhop KjyhNdhh; jiytDk; jiytpAk; gpwh;
mwpahky; fhjy; nfhz;l cz;ikia chpath;f;F chpathW vLj;Jiug;gJ
mwj;njhL epw;wy; MFk;. ,jdhy; jiytd; jiytpapd; fhjy; ntw;wp ngWk;;
jpUkz epfo;rr
; p eilngw Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;ngWk;.
jiytd; jiytpapd; md;G fye;j fhjy; tho;f;ifia epiyngwr;
nra;J fw;g tho;it kyur; nra;tNj mwj;njhL epw;wypd; gad; MfpwJ.
RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy; fsitf; fw;ghf;Fk; mUQ;nraNy mwr;nray; mwj;njhL
epw;wy;. mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; jiytp> Njhop> nrtpyp
KjyhNdhh; mt;thW mwk; epiyepWj;jr; nray;gLk; jpwj;ij ,g;gFjpapy;
tpsf;fg;ngWk;.

mwj;njhL epw;wypd; tif

jiytpapd; fjT tho;f;ifia mLj;jth;f;F vLj;Jiuf;Fk; mwj;njhL
epw;wy; ,Utifg;gl;ljha; mikfpwJ. mitahtd:
185
(m) Kd;dpiy nkhop : Kd; epw;ghh;f;F NeNu $Wjy;
(M) Kd;dpiyg; Gwnkhop : Kd; epw;ghh;f;Ff; $w Ntz;ba
nra;jpiag; gpwUf;Ff; $Wthh; Nghyf;
$Wthh;.

jiytp mwj;njhL epw;wy;;

jiytp> jdf;Fk; jiytDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd kiwKff; fhjy;

tho;itj; Njhopaplk; ntspg;gLj;Jk;NghJ epfo;j;Jk; $w;Wfshf Vopidf;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; ek;gpafg; nghUs; Mrphpah; mitahtd:
1) Njhop jd; fz;zPiuj; Jilj;jNghJ mij xU tha;g;ghff; nfhz;L>
jhd; fyq;fp epw;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $Wjy;.
2) jiytd; nja;tj;ijr; rhd;whf itj;Jj; jd;id kze;J nfhs;Sk;
cWjp $wpaij ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.
3) mt;thW $wpa gpwF jiytd; jd;id tpl;L ePq;fpaij> Njhopaplk;
$Wjy;.
4) Njhop> jiytdpd; gz;Gfisg; gopj;Jf; $Wjy; : mJ Nfl;l jiytp
jiytdJ gz;Gfisg; Gfo;e;J $Wjy;.
5) nja;tj;ij Ntz;bf; nfhs;s ,UtUk; nry;Nthk; vd;W jiytp
$Wjy;.
6) jd; jha; jd;id tPl;Lf;fhtypy; itj;jhs; vd;W Njhopaplk; $Wjy;.
7) nrtpypj; jha; ,uT Neuj;jpy; jiytd; te;jijg; ghh;j;J tpl;lhs; vd;W
Njhopaplk; $Wjy;.

ghq;fp mwj;njhL epw;wy;

jiytpapd; fhjy; tho;T gw;wpa cz;ikr; nra;jpiaj; Njhop (ghq;fp)

vLj;Jiug;gJ> ghq;fp mwj;njhL epw;wy; vdg;gLk;. mt;thW njhop mwj;njhL
epw;wy;> nrtpyp (tsh;g;Gj; jha;) jiytpiag; gw;wpa Iag;ghl;il vOk;gp
tpdtpaNghNj epfOk;. mJ ,uz;L $WghLfis cilaJ.

nrtpypj; jha jiytpapd; cly; Njhw;wj;jpYk;> nray;ghLfspYk;

jw;NghJ epfo;e;Js;s Ntw;WikfSf;Ff; fhuzk; ahJ? vdf; Nfl;l NghJ
Njhop mwj;njhL epw;ghs;.

186
 jiytpapd; khWghl;bw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwptjw;fhf Ntyid
mioj;J te;J ntwpahl;L vd;Dk; epfo;rr
; piar; nrtpyp Nkw;nfhs;ths;.
mg;NghJ> mj;jifa ntwpahl;il ve;jg; gaidAk; juhJ vd;W $wp>
ntwpahl;ilj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; Njhop cz;ikf; fhuzj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jp
mwj;njhL epw;ghs;.

fstpd; fhuzk;

nrtpyp tpdtpaNghJ jiytpapd; fsT tho;f;ifia mwj;njhL epd;W

ntspg;gLj;Jk; Njhop> jiytdpd; fhjy; cwthdJ kyh;e;jjw;F %d;W
epiyfisf; fhuzkhff; fhl;Lths;. mitahtd:
1) G+j;jU Gzh;r;rp : jiykfd; jiytpapd; $e;jypy; kyh;f; nfhj;ijr;
#l> mtidNa jiytdhfj; jiytp kdj;jstpy; KbT nra;jy;.
2) Gdy; jU Gzh;r;rp : jiytp Mw;W nts;sj;jpy; kfpo;e;J ePuhl>
mg;NghJ epfo;e;j ,ilA+w;wpy; ,Ue;J kPl;l MltidNa jdf;Fhpa
fhjy; jiytdhff; nfhs;Sjy;.
3) fspW jU Gzh;r;rp : jiytp jpidg; Gdk; fhty; Ghpe;j fhyj;jpy;
fspW (ahid) xd;wpd; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J jd;idf; fhj;j
jiytidNa jdf;Fhpatdhf cs;sj;jstpy; KbT nra;jy;.
Nkw;fhZk; %tifg;gl;l ,ay;ghd #oy;fspy; VNjDk; xd;W epfo>
mjd; njhlh;r;rpaha;j; jiytpf;Ff; fhjYk;> fsT tho;f;ifAk; kyh;e;J
tsh;e;jjhfj; Njhop Fwpg;gpLths;. ,it> mts; mwj;njhL epw;Fk;NghJ
vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fhuzq;fshf mikfpd;wd.

nrtpyp mwj;njhL epw;wy;

jiytpapd; tsh;g;Gj; jhahd nrtpyp Njhopaplk; rpy tpdhf;fis
vOg;gp mtw;wpd; %ykhfj; jiytpapd; fsT xOf;fj;ij czh;e;J
nfhs;ths;. mt;thNw jiytpapd; jha; (ew;wha;) jd; kfspd; NtWghL fz;L
mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijr; nrtpypj; jhaplk; tpdTths;. mg;NghJ fsT tho;f;if
gw;wpa cz;ikiar; nrtpypj; jha; Gyg;gLj;jp epw;ghs;.
Kd;dpiy nkhop> Kd;dpiyg; Gwnkhop vd mwj;njhL epw;Fk; Kiwfs;
,uz;il Kd;dh;f; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. mtw;Ws; xd;whd Kd;dpiy nkhop vd;Dk;
Kiwapy;> nrtpyp NeubahfNt ew;whaplk; cz;ikia czh;j;jp epw;ghs;.

187
mwj;njhL epw;wypd; Nehf;fk;

mfj;jpiz khe;jh;fspd; kd> kz xOf;fq;fisf; fsT> fw;G vd;w

,U gphpTfspy; mlf;Fth;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; ,ize;J epw;gJ mwj;njhL
epw;wyhFk;. jiytpapd; fsT xOf;fj;ij mjhtJ gpwUf;Fj; njhpahky;
jiytd; jiytp kdq;fs; xd;W Nrh;e;jij cz;ikNahL ntspg;gLj;jNy
mwj;njhL epw;wy; MFk;. jiytp> Njhop> nrtpyp> ew;wha; vd xt;nthUtUk;
mwj;njhL epw;gJz;L. mwj;njhL epw;wypd; tpisT jiytpia mts;
tpUk;gpa jiytDld; fw;G tho;f;ifapy; ,izg;gjhFk;. jiytpiaj;
jiytDf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;tpj;jyhFk;.
jiytpf;F cldpUe;J gpwh; mwpahky; fsTf; fhjYf;F cjtpats;
Njhop. fsTf; fhjy; fw;ghf khw Ntz;Lk;. fhjy; ntspg;gl;Lj; jpUkzk;
epfo Ntz;Lk;. Mjyhy; tha;g;G Vw;gLk; nghOJ Njhop nrtpypf;Fj;
jiytpapd; fhjiyf; Fwpg;ghfg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpwhs;. fsit ntspg;gLj;jy;
vd;W $whky; mwj;njhL epw;wy; vd;W ngah; itj;Js;sJ rpwg;ghFk;.
jiytpapd; fw;G mwj;ijf; fhg;gjw;fhff; fsT cz;ikia
ntspg;gLj;Jtjhy; ,J mwj;njhL epiy vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
mftd; kfNs! ghLf ghl;Nl!
,d;Dk; ghLf ghl;Nl mth;
ed;ndLk; Fd;wk; ghba ghl;Nl!95
xU Fwpg;gpl;l kiyiar; rhh;e;j jiytd; xUtid tpUk;gpdhs;
jiytp nrtpypj;jha; jiytpapd; Nghf;fpy; khw;wj;ij czh;fpwhs;. vdNt
Fwj;jpia mioj;Jj; jiytpapd; khw;wj;Jf;Ff; fhuzk; mwpaf; Fwp
Nfl;fpwhs;. Fwj;jp Fwp $WKd; tof;fg;gb gy kiyfisAk; gw;wpg; ghlj;
njhlq;Ffpwhs;. jiytDila kiyiag; ghLk;NghJ Njhop FWf;fpl;Lf;
$Wfpwhs;> “Fwj;jpNa! ghL> ghL> mtUila kiyia kl;LNk ghbf;

nfhz;NlapU” vd;fpwhs;.
,t;thW Fwp $Wgtisg; ghh;j;J mth; kiyia kl;LNk ghLk; vd;gJ
jha;fF
; Iaj;ij cWjpahf Vw;gLj;Jk;. mth; kiy vd;gjpy; cs;s Fwpg;G
jiytpapd; khw;wj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ijj; jha;fF
; ntspg;gLj;jptpLk;. fsT
ntspg;gl;l gpd; jpUkz Vw;ghLfs; njhlq;fptpLk;. ,JNt Njhopapd; vjph;ghh;g;G
,t;thW Fwpg;ghf epfo;tNj mwj;NjhL epw;wy; epfo;rr
; p.

188
 FwpQ;rpg; ghly;fis ,aw;Wtjpy; kpfr; rpwe;jth; fgpyh;. Mhpa murd;
gpufj;jDf;Fj; jkpopd; ngUikia vLj;Jr; nrhy;yf; fgpyh; ghbaJ
FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L. .261 mbfis cila FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L mwj;njhL epw;wy;
Jiwapy; mUikahf mike;Js;sJ. Njhop nrtpypj;jha;f;Ff; $Wk; $w;whf
,g;ghl;L mike;Js;sJ.
FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bd; ,k;Kjy; mb mwj;njhL epw;f tpUk;Gk; Njhop
nrtpypj;jhapd; ftdj;ijj; jd;Kfkhfj; jpUg;gg; NgRk; Ngr;Rj; njhlf;fk;
jd;id Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Ggts; jd; nrhy;ypd; cz;ikia Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gths;
vd;W Njhop ek;Gfpwhs;.
fsT xOf;fj;jhy; jiytpapd; Nkdp (cly;)> xOf;fk; (,ay;Gfs;)
,it NtWgLfpd;wd. nrtpyp> NtyidAk; fl;Ltpr;rpiaAk; (fl;Ltpr;rp –
ney;kzpia Kwj;jpy; ,l;Lf; Fwpnrhy;gts;) tutioj;Jf; fhuzk; Nfl;fpwhs;.
mjdhy; vg;gaDk; tpisatpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; jiytp Njhopaplk;> ‘Njhop!
ek; tPl;Lf; fl;Lf; fhtiy kPwpr; nrd;W> jiytDk; ehDk; nfhz;l fhjiyj;
jhaplk; nrhy;tJ jtwhFkh?’ vd;W Nfl;fpwhs;.
neLe;Njh; ve;ij mUq;fb ePtp
,UNtk; Ma;e;j kd;wy; ,Jvd
ehk;mwp Twhypd; gopAk; cz;Nlh? 96

“NjhopNa ! jhk; tpUk;gpath;f;F vd;id kzk; Kbf;f epidf;fpd;wdh;

jhAk; je;ijAk; mth;fsJ tpUg;gKk;> vdJ kdKk; xd;wpg; NghFkhW nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. ‘fhtiyf; fle;J ehDk; jiytDk; Njh;e;J nfhz;l kzk; ,J’

vd;W ehNk jhaplk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhy; GfNo MFk;. gop MfhJ”> ,t;thW
jiytp Njhopia mwj;njhL epw;fj; J}z;Lfpwhs;.
jpidg;Gdk; fhf;FkhW nrtpyp jiytpiaAk; NjhopiaAk; mDg;gpa
xUehs;> jiytpia Nehf;fp te;j rpdk; nfhz;l ahidaplkpUe;J jiytd;
fhg;ghw;wpaijAk;> md;WKjy; mth;fSf;fpilNa Njhd;wpa fhjiyAk;>
jiytd; jiytpia kze;J nfhs;tjhf mUtpePh; cz;L thf;FWjp
mspj;jijAk;> mtd; moifAk;> gz;GfisAk;> FLk;g tsj;ijAk; vy;yhk;
tphpthff; $wpr; nrtpypapd; kdk;> fhjyh; fhjYf;F Mjuthf ,irAk;
tz;zk; Kay;fpwhs; Njhop. FwpQ;rpj;jpizf;F kpFe;j eak; Nrh;g;gJ
mwj;njhL epw;wy; JiwahFk;.

189
tiuT flhTjy;

,utpy; te;J jiytpiar; re;jpj;Jj; jpUk;Gfpwhd; jiytd;> ,e;epiy

ePbf;fpwJ. jiytdplk; jiytpia tpiutpy; kze;J nfhs;SkhW
Ntz;Lfpwhs; Njhop. ,jidNa tiuT flhTjy; (kze;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Ljy;
my;yJ J}z;Ljy;) vd;gh;. #oiy tpsf;fp kzk; GhpAkhW jiytidj; Njhop
Ntz;LtJ vd tiuT flhTjYf;Fg; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. (tiuT : jpUkzk;
flhTjy;: Ntz;Ljy;)
tiuT flhTjy; Fwpg;ghYk;> ntspg;gilahYk; mikag;ngWk;.
Fwpg;gha; czh;j;Jk; NghJ gadw;Wg; Nghdhy; kl;LNk ntspg;gilaha;f;
$Wjy; kuG.
Xq;fy; ntw;g
xUehs; tpOkk; cwpDk;> topehs;
tho;Fts; my;ys;vd; Njhop…
nfhLe;Njd; ,ioj;j NfhLcah; neLtiu
gok;J}q;F espg;gpd; fhe;js;mk; nghJk;gpy;
gfy;eP thpDk; Gzh;Fit…97
tiuT ePl;bf;fpd;whd; jiytd;. mjhtJ> jpUkzk; nra;a Kayhky;
fhyk; flj;Jfpwhd;. ,utpy; te;J jiytpiar; re;jpf;fpd;whd;. ,uT
tUfpd;wtidg; gfypy; th vd;W ,g;ghlypy; Njhop $Wfpd;whs;.
“cah;e;j kiyehlNd! ,utpy; tUk; cdf;F xUehs; Jd;gk;
Neh;e;jhYk; vd;Njhop kWehs; caph;tho khl;lhs;. tise;j Njd;$Lfs;
fl;lg;gl;Ls;s cah;e;j kiyr;rhuy; vk; Ch;. mk;kiyr; rhuypy; goq;fs;
gOj;Jj; njhq;Fk; kur;nrwptpy; cs;sJ fhe;js; Gjh;. mg;Gjhpy; eP
gfw;fhyj;jpy; te;jhy; jiytpiaf; $lyhk;.”
,g;ghly; Njhopapd; ehtd;ikf;F kpfr;rpwe;j rhd;whfpwJ. gfypy;
tuyhk; vd mts; $wpdhYk; gfypy; Njd; vLf;f tUgtuhYk;> gok; gwpf;f
tUgtuhYk;> fhe;js; kyh; nfha;a tUgtuhYk; ,ilA+W Vw;gLk; vd;gij
kiwKfkhf czh;j;Jfpwhs;. Mjyhy; eP tpiue;J ,tis kze;J nfhs;tNj
ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;gijf; Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;Jfpwhs;.
Ntuhy; Ntyp Nth;f;Nfhl; gytpd;
rhuy; ehl ! nrt;tpia MFkjp !

190
 ahh; m/J mwpe;jprp NdhNuh? rhuy;
rpWNfhl;Lg; ngUk;gok; J}q;fp ahq;F ,ts;
caph;jtr; rpwpj : fhkNkh nghpNj98
,g;ghlypy; tpiue;J te;J kzf;FkhW jiytDf;Ff; Fwpg;ghy;
czh;j;Jfpwhs; Njhop.
“tsh;e;j %q;fpiy Ntypahff; nfhz;l kiyr;rhuy; ehl;bdNd! cdJ
ehl;by; Ntypapd; cs;Ns Nthpy; Fiyfis cila gyh kuq;fs;
epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. vq;fs; kiyapNyh gyhtpd; cah;e;j rpW fpisapy; jhq;f
Kbahjgb nghpa gok; njhq;Fk;. me;jf; fpisNghy; jiytpapd; caph; kpfr;
rpwpaJ. nghpa gok;Nghy; mt;Taph; Rkf;Fk; fhkNkh nghpaJ. ahh; ,jid
mwpthh;? eP tpiue;J te;J mtis kze;Jnfhs;” vd;gJ nghUs;.

,w;nrwpg;Gk; ,uTf; FwpAk;

fsnthOf;fj;jpy; <Lgl;l jiytpapd; cly; khWghL fz;ljha;

mtis ntspapy; nry;y tplhJ tPl;bd; cs;NsNa epWj;jpf; nfhs;ths;. ,e;j
kugpid ,w;nrwpg;G vd;ghh;. (,y; - tPL : nrwpg;G – jLj;J epWj;jpf; nfhs;sy;)
ghhp
gyTW Fd;wk; Nghyg;
ngUq;ftpd; va;jpa mUq;fhg; gpdNs99
ts;sy; ghhpapd; gyhkuk; epiwe;j gwk;G kiyNghyg; NguoF
tha;e;jts; jiytp. mj;jiytp mhpa fhtypy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;shs;.
,t;thW ,w;nrwpg;G vd;w mUq;fhty; itg;G> gy ghlq;fspy; ,lk;
ngWfpwJ.
jiytp ,w;nrwpf;fg;gl;l gpd; mtisg; gfypy; re;jpf;f ,ayhjtd;
Mfpwhd; jiytd;. ,uT Neuj;jpy; mtisr; re;jpf;f tUfpd;whd;. ,utpy; te;J
jiytpiar; re;jpf;fj; Njhop Vw;ghL nra;J itf;Fk; ,lk; ,uTf; Fwp
vdg;gLk;. njhlh;e;J ,utpy; tUk; mtidj; jLj;J ,dpNky; ‘,utpy; tuhNj>

kzk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;’ vd;W Fwpg;ghfTk;> ntspg;gilahfTk; nrhy;fpwhs; Njhop.

,jid ,uTf; Fwp kWj;jy; vd;W $Wth;.
gfy;eP thpDk; Gzh;Fit100

191
 Kd;dh; ,uT flhTjYf;Fr; rhd;whfg; ghh;j;j ,g;ghly; ,uTf;Fwp
kWj;jw;Fk; rhd;whfpwJ.
,utpy; tUk; jiytd; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f Kbahky; jpUk;gpr;
nry;YkhW Neh;fpd;w jilfs; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ FwpQ;rpg; ghl;L.
,utuy; khiya NdtU NjhWk;
fhtyh; fLfpDk; fjeha; Fiug;gpDk;
ePJapy; vopDk; epyTntspg; gbDk101;
fhtyh;> rpdk; nfhz;l eha;> epyT> nrtpypapd; tpopg;G Mfpa gy
jilfis ntd;W xt;nthU ehSk; ,utpy; jiytpiar; re;jpg;gJ
jiytDf;Fg; ngUQ;rhjid MfpwJ.

FwpQ;rpiag; Nghw;wy;

kiyg;gFjpapy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; kyh; FwpQ;rp kyh;. fhpa nfhk;gpdpy;

G+g;gJ. ,J gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lf;F xU Kiw kyUk; jd;ikaJ. FwpQ;rp
epyj;Njhh; jk; tho;tpd; rpwe;j $whf ,k;kyiug; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;.
rhuy;
fUq;Nfw;w FwpQ;rpg; G+f;nfhz;L
ngUe;Njd; ,iof;Fk; ehlndhL el;Ng102
jiytp> kiyehldpd; el;G kpfTk; nghpaJ. gue;jJ cah;e;jJ vd;W
$w tpUk;Gfpwhs;. vj;jifa kiy ehl;bw;Fj; jiytd; vd;W $Wk; NghJ
fhpa fpisapy; G+f;Fk; FwpQ;rp kyiu epidf;fpwhs;. FwpQ;rpj;Njd; kpfTk;
,dpaJ. FwpQ;rp kyh;fspy; cs;s Njid vLj;J tz;Lfs; nghpa
Njd;$l;ilf; fl;bapUf;Fk; kiyehld; vd;W mtidf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhs;.
rpwg;ghd FwpQ;rpj; Njd; Nghd;wJ jq;fsJ fhjy; vd czh;j;Jfpwhs;.
FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; fgpyh; 99 tif kyh;fis mLf;fpy; $Wfpwhh;.mtw;Ws;
FwpQ;rpAk; cz;L.
xz;nrq; fhe;js; Mk;gy; mdpr;rk;
jz;faf; Ftis FwpQ;rp ntl;rp103

FwpNfl;ly;
kiytho; kf;fspy; Fwpnrhy;Yk; kugpdh; cz;L. Fwpnrhy;Yk; ngz;
fl;Ltpr;rp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhs; vd;gij Kd;dh;f fz;Nlhk;. jiytpapd;

192
cly;> xOf;f NtWghLfisf; fhZk; nrtpyp Fwpnrhy;Ygtis mioj;Jf;
fhuzk; Nfl;gJ kuG. rq;f fhyj;jpy; FwpQ;rpj; jpizapd; rpwg;gpay;ghf
tpsq;fpa FwpNfl;ly; epfo;T gpw;fhyj;jpy; FwtQ;rp ,yf;fpak; vof;
fhuzkhfpaJ.
vd; Njhop Nkdp
tpwy;,io nefpo;e;j tPT mUq; fLNeha;\
mfYs; Mq;fz; mwpAeh; tpdhAk; 104
FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L vof; fhuzk; nrtpyp FwpNfl;f Muk;gpj;jNy MFk;.
“jhNa! vd; Njhopapd; clypy; mzpe;Js;s Mil mzpfs; nefpo;fpd;wd.
kUe;Jfshy; ePf;f Kbahj Nehapdshf mts; cs;shs;. mtSf;F te;Js;s
mhpa> nfhba Nehapd; fhuzj;ij mwpa eP tpUk;Gfpd;wha;. mjdhy; mfd;w
cs;splj;ij cila Chpy; cs;s Fwpahy; czUgtiu miof;fpwha;.
‘vd;kfs; mile;j Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; ahJ? vdf; Nfl;fpwha;”. vdf; $wpNa
Njhop njhlq;Ffpwhs;.
Fwp nrhy;Yk; Ntyd;> fl;Ltpr;rp MfpNahh; fl;bdhYk;. foq;fpdhYk;
Fwp ghh;j;Jr; nrhy;thh;. Kwj;jpy; gug;gpa ney;nfhz;L ghh;f;Fk; xUtiff;
FwpNa fl;L vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ. fow;rpf; fha;nfhz;L ghh;f;Fk; Fwpiaf;
foq;F vdf; $Wth;.
FWe;njhifapy; ‘mftd; kfNs mftd; kfNs!105 vd;w ghlYk;
FwpNfl;Fk; ,ay;ig vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ

jpidg;Gdk; fhj;jy;

jpid tpisAk; epyk; jpirg;Gdk; MFk;. tpise;j jpirf; fjph;fisj;

jiytpAk;> NjhopAk; fpsp Kjypa gwitfsplk; ,Ue;J fhg;gh;.
jpidg;Gdk; fhty; fhf;fj; jiytp Njhop ,UtiuAk; nrhtpyp
mDg;gpitf;Fk; tof;fk; cz;L. ,jidf; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L fhl;LfpwJ.
Ja;j;jiy thq;fpa GdpWjPh; ngUq;Fuy;
ey;Nfhs; rpWjpidf; gLGs; Xg;gp
vy;gl tUjpah; vdeP tpLj;jypd; 106

“gQ;R Nghd;w Edpiaf; nfhz;L ed;whf tpise;J tise;jd

jpidf;fjph;fs;. mf;fjph;fisf; ftu tUk; fpspfis Xl;b khiyapy; tUkhW

193
vd;idAk;> jiytpiaAk; eP jpidg;Gdj;jpw;F mDg;gpdha;” vd;W nrtpypaplk;
Njhop $Wfpwhs;.
guz; mikj;J mjpy; mkh;e;J gy fUtpfshy; xyp vOg;gpf; fpspfis
tpul;Lk; ,ay;gpidf; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L fhl;LfpwJ.107

nfhz;Ljiyf; fopjy; cld;Nghf;F

rq;ffhyj;jpy; fUj;njhUkpj;j fhjyHfs; ,UtH jq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb

kzk; Ghpe;J nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,j;jifa jpUkz Kiwia mf;fhyj;J kf;fs;
Mjhpj;Jk; te;Js;sdH. tiuT gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; njhy;fhg;gpaH.
“ntspg;gl tiujy; glhik tiujy; vd;W

Mapuz;nld;g tiuj yhNw”108

vd ,Utifahff; Fwpg;gpLtH. ntspg;gl tiujy; vd;gjw;F> cld;Nghf;fpd;
,Wjpapy; jiytpapd; Rw;wj;jhH jiytpapd; fw;nghL GzHe;j nfsitia
Nehpy; mwpe;J kPs;jy;.. vd;Wk;
“Nghf;Fld; mwpe;jgpd; NjhopnahL nfoP,f;

fw;gpdhf; fj;J epw;ww; fz;Zk;”

vd;w E}w;ghtpw;F> cld;Nghf;F mwpe;jgpd; nrtpyp NjhopNahL kjpAlk;gl;L
epd;W jiytpaJ fw;G kpFjpNa fUjp cte;j ctiffz;Zk;.. vd;Wk;
mwpQH tpsf;fk; jUtH.

nrtpyp KjypNahH jk; Fykfs; jdf;Fhpa fhjy; jiytidf; $bf;

fw;Gf;flk; g+z;lhs; vd;W mwpe;J mwj;njhL epw;Fk; Kiwapy; gpwH%yk;
Nfl;Lk; caHe;Jk; czHe;Jk; te;Js;sdH. jiytpapd; cld;Nghf;F
mwnewpg;gl;lJ vd;W czHe;jtHfs; ,ila+W Vw;gLj;Jjy; ,y;iy.
jiytDk; jiytpapd; jkH ej;jk; CHf;Fr; nrd;wjd; gpd;dH jiytpaplk;
jk;Kila xOf;fk; jkf;F kl;Lkpd;wpg; goikahf toq;Fk; cyfpay; newp
vd;Wk; $wp mtisj; njUl;bAk; top ,isg;Gj; jPu mtis kUl;bAk;
cld;nfhz;L nrd;W jd;gjpit milthd;. gpwF tJit kzk; Ghpe;J
nfhs;thd;. ,t;thW fsTg; GzHr;rpf;Fhpa jiytpiaj; jiytd;
cld;nfhz;L nry;Yjy; gz;ila jkpo; tof;fhf ,Ue;jJ. m/J caHe;j
mwnewpahfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ vd mwpQH e. Rg;Gnul;bahH tpsf;fk; je;Js;shH.

194
cld;Nghf;F newpKiw

ew;wha;> nrtpyp> Njhop Nghd;wthplKk; jiytd;> jiytpaplKk;

fz;NlhH ciuahLjy; md;iwa tof;fhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. nrtpyp cld;Nghf;F
mwpe;j gpd; NjhopNahL fye;Jiuahb jiytpapd; fw;G newp fUjp kfpo;Tk;
nfhz;Ls;shs;. nrtpyp ew;whaplk; jiytpapd; nraiy vLj;Jiuj;J mwnewp
vd;Wk; mwpTWj;jpf; $Wfpd;whs;.
“nfhOed; Nghw;wpa nrd;wdsk;k
epd;Njhop atNdh nld;wpdp
cUtk; nkd;wds;” 109
vd tUk; FWe;njhifg; ghlYk;>
“rpwe;j fw;gpdhw;F vt;tk; gud;kpd;
rpwe;jhid togB,r; nrd;wds;
mwe;jiyg; gphpah MWkw;wJNt” 110
vd;w fypj;njhifg; ghlypy; ,lk;ngWk; fz;NlhH $w;wpd; thapyhfTk;>
cld;Nghf;F newp rpwe;j mwnewpahfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lij czu
Kbfpd;wJ. Xjyhe;ijaUk; kfl;Nghf;fpa topj;jha; ,uq;F gj;J vd;w
gFjpapd; thapyhf ,e;newp gw;wpa fUj;Jfis tphpthf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH.
“,Jntd; ghitf;F ,dpa ed;ghit

,Jntd; igq;fpsp vLj;j igq;fpsp” 111

vdf; $wpr; Nrhplj;Jk;> mjd; GwKk; nrd;w
“NjLk; jha; ahk; Gyk;gg;

Nghjpa mtl;Nfh NehNtd;” 112

jiytpapd; Njhopf;fhfj; jhd; tUj;jg;gLtij>
“Njhd;nkhopj; Jiz,ts; fypOk; neQ;rpd;

,izVH cz;fz; ,tl;F NehtJNt” 113

vd ew;wha; $w;wpy; itj;J moFw vLj;J $wpAs;shH.

jhapd; ngUkpjk;
jd; kfDf;F chpa jiytidj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhLj;J NgW
ngw;NwhH> Maj;jhH vd;Wiuj;J ew;wha; kfpo;rr
; p milfpd;whs;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

195
 “mj;j ePs;,il mtndhL Nghfpa
Kj;J VHntz;gy; Kfpo;eif kltuy;
jhaH vd;Dk; ngaNu ty;yhW vLj;Njd; kd;w ahNd
nfhLj;NjhH kd;w mts;Maj; NjhNu” 114
vd;w ghlypd;topg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;whH MrphpaH.

fz;NlhH mwpTWj;Jk; newp

jiytd; ,dpJ ghuhl;l Fd;Wfs; nrwpe;j ghiy epyg;gFjpiaf; fle;J

nrd;wijf; fz;NlhH> nrtpyp jq;fis tpdtpa ,lj;J>
“mwe;jiyg; gphpah MW thHrpiwf;
FWq;fhy; kfd;wpy md;d
cld;GzH nfhs;iff; fhjNthH” 115
ele;J nrd;wplf; fz;NlhH eae;j fhjyhy; GzHe;J nrd;wtid>
“fz;lndk; mk;k Ruj;jpil mtid
,d;Jiz ,dpJ ghuhl;l
Fd;WcaH gpwq;fy; kiy,we; jhNs” 116
vd me;jzH nrtpypf;F mwpTWj;Jk; ey;y gzpiaAk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdH.
mUkiwfs; fw;Wj; NjHe;j me;jzHfs; gythW tpdtpj; Jd;GWk; nrtpypf;Fj;
NjWjy; $wpAk; cyf xOf;fj;ij mwpTWj;jpAk; cs;sdH.

kidawk;

md;Ghpik g+z;l jiykfd;ghy; md;Gila jiytpiag; ngw;NwhH

nfhLg;g> gyH mwpa kze;J thOk; kidtho;f;if fw;ngd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk;.
cs;sg; GzHr;rpastpy; chpik g+z;L xOfpa jiytDk; jiytpAk;
cyfj;jhH mwpa kidawk; epfo;tjw;F chpikaspf;Fk; nray;KiwNa
gz;ilj; jkpoH nfhz;NlhOfpa jpUkzr; rlq;fhFk;. ,jidf; fuzk; vd;w
nrhy;ypy; njhy;fhg;gpaH toq;FthH. fztid ,d;d tifapy; topgLjy;
Ntz;Lnkdj; jiykfSf;Fg; ngw;NwhH fw;gpj;jyhDk;> tpUe;jpdH cw;NwhH
MfpatHghy; ,d;dthW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W jiykfd;
jiykfSf;Ff; fw;gpj;jyhYk;> cd; kidtpia ,t;thW ghJfhg;ghahf vdj;
jiytDf;Fk; cd; fztDf;F ,t;thW gzp nra;njhOFthahf vdj;

196
jiytpf;Fk; rhd;NwhH fw;gpj;jyhDk;> ,j;jpUkzr; rlq;fhfpa fuzKk;
fw;ngdg; gLtjhapw;W vd;gH er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH.
jiytd; jiykfisg; ngw;NwhH mwpahJ cld;Nghf;fpy; mioj;Jr;
nry;Yk; epiyapy; mtSila ngw;NwhuJ cld;ghbd;wpAk; fuzk; epfo;tJ
cz;nld;gH njhy;fhg;gpaH.
xUtd; xUj;jpia md;gpdhy; $bnahOfpg; gpd;dH ‘epd;id mwpNad;’

vdg; ngha; $WjYk; ‘epd;idg; gphpNad;’ vd;W nja;tj;jpd; Kd; cWjp $wpg;
gpd; mjid tOtp xOFjYkhfpa jPa tof;fq;fs; ,e;ehl;by; Njhd;wpa
gpd;dNu rhd;Nwhuhfpa FLk;gj; jiytH fztDk; kidtpAk; gphptpd;wp
tho;tjw;Fhpa kzr;rlq;fhfpa fuzj;ij tFj;jikj;jdH. Nkw;$wpa
jpUkzk;> fw;G Kjypa nra;jpfisg; gpd;tUk; njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;ghf;fs;
tpsf;Fk;.
“fw;ngdg; gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf;
nfhsw;Fhp kugpw; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf;
nfhilf;Fhp kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNk”

“nfhLg;NghH ,d;wpAk; fuzk; cz;Nl

GzHe;Jld; Nghfpa fhiyahd”

“ngha;Ak; tOTk; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH

IaH ahj;jdH fuzk; vd;g” 117

kidtho;f;ifapd; Kbe;j gad;

fhkEfHr;rpnay;yhk; EfHe;jike;j tho;f;ifapd; gpw;gFjpapy;
ghJfhtyike;j gps;isfSlNd neUq;fp mwj;jpid tpUk;Gk; Rw;wj;jhUlNd
jiytDk; jiytpAk; tPLNgwhfpa rpwg;gpidaUSk; ed;ndwpapy; goFjy;
kidtho;f;ifapd; Kbe;j gadhFk;. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpaH>
“fhkk; rhd;w filf;Nfhl; fhiy
Vkk; rhd;w kf;fNshL Jtd;wp
mwk;Ghp Rw;wnkhL fpotDk; fpoj;jpAk;
rpwe;jJ gapw;wy; ,we;jjd; gaNd”118
vd;w E}w;ghthy; tpsf;FfpwhH. mfj;jpizg; ghly;fs; cs;Siw> ,iwr;rp
nfhz;liktJ jdpr; rpwg;ghFk;.

197
ghyJ Miz

fhjyH Kjypy;> vjpHg;gl;L fhjy; tag;gLtJ CopdhNyNa vd;gJ

jkpohpd; fUj;J. ey;Y}opd; Vtyhy; fhl;rp epfOk; vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpaH KbT.
“xd;wp czHe;j ghyJ Mizapd;

xj;j fpotDk; fpoj;jpAk; fhz;g” 119

fpotDk; fpoj;jpAk; fhz;g vd;W ,UtiuAk; vOthahf itj;Jf;
fhl;Lk; rpwg;ghy; Kd;djhff; fhjypj;jtH ahH vd;w tpdhTf;F ,lk;
itf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ rpe;jpf;fj;jf;fJ vd;gH rq;f ,yf;fpak; - cstpay;
vd;Dk; E}ypy; Rg;Gnul;bahH.

ehZk; fw;Gk;

kfspHf;F ehzKk; fw;Gk; capH Nghd;w ,U NgnuhOf;fq;fshf

,Ue;jd. MapDk; ehzk; tpl;NlDk; fw;igj; jiyahfg; Nghw;wpf; fhf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gz;ilj; jkpoH fz;l gz;ghl;L newp.
“caphpDk; rpwe;jd;W ehNz ehzpDk;

nrapHjPH fhl;rp fw;Gr; rpwe;jd;W”120

“ehzj;ijf; fhf;f capHtpLf. fw;igf; fhf;f ehzj;ij tpLf” vdj;

njhy;fhg;gpaH newp tFj;jhH.

198
,ay; KbTfs;

1) Iq;FWE}w;wpy; mike;Js;s fsnthOf;fg; ghly;fis nfhz;L mf;fhy

fhjy; tho;it mwpayhk;.
2) xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; mw;w jiytDk; jiytpAk; tpjp taj;jhy; re;jpf;f
NeUk;. re;jpj;j ,UtUk; xUtUf;F xUtH Fwpg;gwpe;J GzHr;rp
Nkw;nfhs;tH. ,J ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rp vdg;gLk;. ,J fhl;rp> Iak;>
njspT> JzpT vd;Dk; ehd;F epiyfspy; epfOk;.
3) ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rpapy; Kjy; ehs; <Lgl;l jiytd; kPz;Lk; mt;tplj;J
me;Neuj;Jr; nrd;why; mtisr; re;jpf;fyhk; vd;W fUJthd;.
jiytpAk; ,q;qdNk fUjpdhy; re;jpg;Gfs; epfOk;;. ,J ,le;jiyg;ghL
vdg;gLk;.
4) ghq;fpaw; $l;lk; / Njhopapw; $l;lk; vd;gJ ghq;fp kjp cld;ghL>
gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwp> myH> Nrl;gil> kly; jpwk;> ntwpahl;L> nehJkyH
tiuT> tiuT flhjy;> mwj;njhL ep;w;wy;> xUtopj; jzj;jy;>
cld;Nghf;F vd;w epiyfspy; mikAk;.
5) jiytd;> jiytp kPJ nfhz;Ls;s fhjiyj; Njhop mwpar; nra;jYk;
fhjiy Vw;fr; nra;jYk; kjpAld;ghL MFk;. kjpAld;ghl;bd;
njhlHr;rpahfg; gfw;Fwp> ,uTf;Fwpfs; epfOk;.
6) jiytd; Njhopaplk; Fiwapue;J epw;Fk;NghJ> Njhop cld;glhJ
jiytid mt;tplj;ij tpl;L mfw;w Kw;gLths;. ,J Nrl;gil
vd;Dk; epiy-Jiw MFk;.
7) kjpAld;ghl;by; ntw;wp fz;l jiytd; Njhopapd; cjtpNahL kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; jiytpiag; gfw;nghOjpy; xU Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; re;jpg;gJ
gfw;Fwp MFk;. gfw;Fwp ,y;y tshfj;jpw;F ntspapy; epfOk;.
8) ,uTf;Fwp vd;gJ ,uT Neuj;jpy; xU Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; jiytd;>
jiytpiaj; Njhopapd; cjtpAld; re;jpg;gjhFk;. ,uTf;Fwp ,y;y
tshfj;jpy; epfOk;.
9) gfw;FwpapYk; ,uTf;FwpapYk; <Hf;fg;gl;l jiytd;> tiujypy;
(jpUkzk;) ehl;lkpd;wp> fsnthOf;fj;ijNa tpUk;gp tho;thd;.
,e;epiyapy; Njhop gy;NtW epiyfis #oy;fis vLj;Jf;$wp
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s tw;GWj;Jths;. ,J tiuT flhTjy;; MFk;.

199
10) rq;ffhyg; GytHfspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahH mf ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa
ghly;fisNah kpFjpahfg; ghbAs;sdH. ,g;ghly;fspy; fsTg;
ghly;fis tplf; fw;Gg; ghly;fNs mjpfk;.
11) fw;Gf; fhyj;jpy; jiytd; jiytpia gphpe;J nry;tJ ,U topapy;
MFk;. mit nghUs; tapw; gphpT> guj;ijapw; gphpT vd;gdthFk;.
12) jiytd; nghUs;Njb nrd;w nghOJk;> jiytp jd;Dila tPl;bw;Fs;
tUk; tpUe;jpdH> mwNthH> me;jzH Nghd;NwhUf;F tpUe;J toq;fpf;
fw;G newp jtwhJ elg;ghs;.
13) jiytd; jiytpf;Fj; nfhLf;Fk; Jd;gq;fs; vy;yhk; kpfTk; nfhbaJ
guj;ijapw; gphpthFk;.
14) mfj;jpiz ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mjpf ,lk; ngWtJ Njhop. ,ts;
jiytpapd; capH Nghd;wts;. jiytpAk;> jiytDk; jq;fSf;Fs;
nfhz;Ls;s md;gpy; rpwpJk; khw;wk; tuhky; ghHg;gJk; Njhop.
15) fsT tho;f;ifapy; <Lgl;l jiykfd; jpUkzj;jpw;fhfTk; fw;G
tho;f;iff;fhfTk; Ntz;bg; nghUs; Njlg; gphpthd;. ,J tiutpil
itj;Jg; nghUs;tapw; gphpT.
16) fsT tho;f;if Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j jiytd;> jhdhf Kd;te;Njh
jiytpahy; mwpTWj;jg;gl;N
; lh jiytpia cld; nfhz;L nry;thd;.
,J cld;Nghf;F vdg;gLk;.
17) jiytpf;F Vw;gl;l Fiwiag; Nghf;f Ntyd; vd;gtdhy; g+irfs;
epfo;j;JtH. ,J ntwpahl;L vdg;gLk;. Njhop ntwpahl;il tpyf;f
cz;ikia kiwKfkhfr;; nrhy;ths;. ,J ntwptpyf;fy; MFk;.
18) FwpQ;rpj;jpiz gFjpapy; mike;Js;s ntwpg;gj;J ghly;fs; ahTk;
ntwpahl;L> ntwptpyf;fy;> mwj;njhLepw;wy; vd;w epiyfspy;
mike;jit MFk;.
19) jiytp Vw;fdNt fw;G newpg;gl;L tpl;lhs;> mwj;njhL nghUe;jNt
ele;Js;shs; vd;gij NehpilahfNth> kiwKfkhfNth mwptpg;gJ
mwj;njhL epw;gjhFk;.
20) fsT tho;f;ifapy; cld;Nghf;F> mwj;njhL epw;wy; Mfpatw;wpy;
nrtpyp> ew;wha;> fz;NlhH MfpNahhpd; gq;F cz;L.

200
 mbf;Fwpg;Gfs;

1) fyp.> gh.39
2) njhy;.mfj;jpizapay;. E}.5
3) rpyk;G.> fhLfhz;fhij> thp 64-67
4) lhf;lH K.t.> ,yf;fpaj;jpwd;> g.17
5) njhy;.mfj;jpizapay;. E}.54
6) mfk.;> gh>2
7) NkyJ> gh.12
8) NkyJ> gh.112
9) NkyJ> gh.5
10) Fws;> 1151
11) mfk.;> gh>114
12) NkyJ> gh>155
13) Fws;> 231
14) mfk.;> gh>335
15) NkyJ>
16) Fws;> 112
17) mfk.;> gh>339
18) nea;jw;fyp.>
19) njhy;.> fw;gpay;> E}.52
20) NkyJ> nra;Aspay;> E}.181
21) NkyJ> nra;Aspay;> E}.182
22) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.35
23) NkyJ> mfj;jpizapay;> E}.42
24) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.9
25) NkyJ> fstpay;> E}.34
26) NkyJ> mfj;jpizapay;> E}.39
27) NkyJ> nra;Aspay;> E}.184
28) NkyJ> fstpay;> E}.25
29) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.16
30) mfk.;> gh>30
31) NkyJ> gh.64
32) njhy;.> fw;gpay;> E}.52
33) mfk.;> gh>310
34) njhy;.> fpstpahf;fk;> E}.52
35) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.52
36) NkyJ> fstpay;> E}.17

201
37) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}. 5-54
38) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.11
39) Fws;> 43
40) jpUf;Fws; tpUe;Njhk;gy; mjpfhuk; 9
41) Gwk;.> gh.28
42) Fws;.> 332
43) rpyk;G.> thp 26-228
44) NkyJ> thp 28-165
45) njhy;.> Gwj;jpizapay;> E}.30
46) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.27
47) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.28
48) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.27
49) kiygLflhk;> gh.536
50) gjpw;Wg;gj;J> gh.60
51) Gwk;.> gh.64
52) njhy;.> fw;gpay;> E}.152
53) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.52
54) NkyJ> nra;Aspay;> E}.189
55) NkyJ> fw;gpay;> E}.52
56) NkyJ> mfj;jpizapay;> E}.43
57) NkyJ> mfj;jpizapay;> E}.39
58) NkyJ> mfj;jpizapay;> E}.42
59) NkyJ> nghUspay;> E}.123
60) NkyJ> nghUspay;> E}.155
61) Fws;.> 1303
62) ew;wpiz> gh.210
63) fyp.> gh.3
64) NkyJ> gh.33
65) NkyJ> gh.37
66) NkyJ> gh.103
67) NkyJ> gh.132
68) NkyJ> gh.17
69) NkyJ> gh.34
70) fyp.> gh.69
71) NkyJ> gh.119
72) Gwk;.> gh.18
73) NkyJ> gh.112
74) mfk.;> gh>12
75) NkyJ> gh.9
202
76) njhy;.> nghUspay;> E}.11
77) NkyJ> E}.1047
78) NkyJ> E}.1443
79) FWe;.> gh.136
80) fyp.> gh.102
81) NkyJ> gh.103
82) NkyJ> gh.114
83) NkyJ> gh.103
84) njhy;.> E}.2
85) Iq;.> gh.110
86) NkyJ.> gh.197
87) NkyJ.> gh.179
88) NkyJ.> gh.173
89) NkyJ.> gh.174
90) NkyJ.> gh.175
91) NkyJ.> gh.187
92) NkyJ.> gh.215
93) NkyJ.> gh.60
94) NkyJ.> gh.237
95) FWe;.> gh.23
96) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L> thp 20-22
97) mfk;.> gh.18
98) FWe;.> gh.18
99) ew;wpiz> gh.253
100) mfk;.> gh.18
101) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L> thp 239-241
102) FWe;.> gh.3
103) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L> thp 62-63
104) NkyJ> thp 2-4
105) FWe;.> gh.23
106) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L> thp 37-39
107) NkyJ> thp 40-44
108) njhy;.> fstpay;> E}.108
109) FWe;.> gh.130
110) fyp.> gh.9
111) Iq;.> gh.375
112) NkyJ.> gh.378
113) NkyJ.> gh.379
114) NkyJ.> gh.380
203
115) NkyJ.> gh.381
116) NkyJ.> gh.388
117) njhy;.> fw;gpay;> E}.140> 141> 143
118) NkyJ> nghUspay;> E}.190
119) NkyJ> fstpay;> E}.2
120) NkyJ> fstpay;> E}.23

204