Pointer

Praktikum 1
Pointer

Untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada anda tentang konsep dasar pointer dan cara
menggunakan dalam program C++, maka cobalah beberapa modul percobaan dibawah ini.

1. Percobaan 1 – Konsep Dasar Pointer 1 – Alamat dari variabel

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
int var1;
char var2[10];
cout << "Address of var1 variable: " ;
cout << &var1 << endl;
cout << "Address of var2 variable: " ;
cout << &var2 << endl;
return 0;
}

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2. Percobaan 2 – Konsep Dasar Pointer 2 – Menggunakan pointer di C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
int var = 20; // actual variable declaration.
int *ip; // pointer variable
ip = &var; // store address of var in pointer variable
cout << "Value of var variable: " ;
cout << var << endl;
// print the address stored in ip pointer variable
cout << "Address stored in ip variable: " ;
cout << ip << endl;
// access the value at the address available in pointer
cout << "Value of *ip variable: " ;
cout << *ip << endl;
return 0;
}

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

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3. Percobaan 3 – Konsep Dasar Pointer 3 – Null Pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
int *ptr = NULL;
cout << "The value of ptr is " << ptr ;
return 0;
}

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4. Percobaan 4 – Pointer Arithmetic – Incrementing pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
int *ptr;
// let us have array address in pointer.
ptr = var;
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
cout << "Address of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << *ptr << endl;
// point to the next location
ptr++;
}
return 0;
}

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5. Percobaan 5 – Pointer Arithmetic – Decrementing pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
int *ptr;
// let us have address of the last element in pointer.
ptr = &var[MAX-1];
for (int i = MAX; i > 0; i--)
{
cout << "Address of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << *ptr << endl;
// point to the previous location
ptr--;
}
return 0;
}

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6. Percobaan 6 – Membandingkan pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
int *ptr;
// let us have address of the first element in pointer.
ptr = var;
int i = 0;
while ( ptr <= &var[ MAX - 1] )
{
cout << "Address of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << *ptr << endl;
// point to the previous location
ptr++;
i++;
}
return 0;
}

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

Dari percobaan diatas, apakah yang dapat anda simpulkan? Jelaskan!

7. Percobaan 7 – Pointer vs Array

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
int *ptr;
// let us have array address in pointer.
ptr = var;
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
cout << "Address of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << *ptr << endl;
// point to the next location
ptr++;
}
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
*var = i; // This is a correct syntax
var++; // This is incorrect.
}
return 0;
}

Dari dua percobaan diatas, apakah yang dapat anda simpulkan? Jelaskan!

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

8. Percobaan 8 – Array Pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << var[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 3;

int main ()
{
int var[MAX] = {10, 100, 200};
int *ptr[MAX];
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
ptr[i] = &var[i]; // assign the address of integer.
}
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
cout << "Value of var[" << i << "] = ";
cout << *ptr[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 4;

int main ()
{
char *names[MAX] = {

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

"Zara Ali",
"Hina Ali",
"Nuha Ali",
"Sara Ali",
};
for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
cout << "Value of names[" << i << "] = ";
cout << names[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

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9. Percobaan 9 – Pointer – Pointer

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
int var;
int *ptr;
int **pptr;
var = 3000;
// take the address of var
ptr = &var;
// take the address of ptr using address of operator &
pptr = &ptr;
// take the value using pptr
cout << "Value of var :" << var << endl;
cout << "Value available at *ptr :" << *ptr << endl;
cout << "Value available at **pptr :" << **pptr << endl;
return 0;
}

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10. Percobaan 10 – Mempassing pointer ke fungsi

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

void getSeconds(unsigned long *par);

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

int main ()
{
unsigned long sec;
getSeconds( &sec );
// print the actual value
cout << "Number of seconds :" << sec << endl;
return 0;
}

void getSeconds(unsigned long *par)

{
// get the current number of seconds
*par = time( NULL );
return;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// function declaration:
double getAverage(int *arr, int size);

int main ()
{
// an int array with 5 elements.
int balance[5] = {1000, 2, 3, 17, 50};
double avg;
// pass pointer to the array as an argument.
avg = getAverage( balance, 5 ) ;
// output the returned value
cout << "Average value is: " << avg << endl;
return 0;
}

double getAverage(int *arr, int size)

{
int i, sum = 0;
double avg;
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
{
sum += arr[i];
}
avg = double(sum) / size;

return avg;
}

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

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11. Percobaan 11 – Mengembalikan pointer dari fungsi

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

// function to generate and return random numbers.

int * getRandom( )
{
static int r[10];

// set the seed

srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
r[i] = rand();
cout << r[i] << endl;
}
return r;
}

// main function to call above defined function.

int main ()
{
// a pointer to an int.
int *p;
p = getRandom();
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
{
cout << "*(p + " << i << ") : ";
cout << *(p + i) << endl;
}
return 0;
}

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12. Percobaan 12 – Referensi

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
// declare simple variables
int i;

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

double d;
// declare reference variables
int& r = i;
double& s = d;
i = 5;
cout << "Value of i : " << i << endl;
cout << "Value of i reference : " << r << endl;
d = 11.7;
cout << "Value of d : " << d << endl;
cout << "Value of d reference : " << s << endl;
return 0;
}

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13. Percobaan 13 – Referensi sebagai parameter

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// function declaration
void swap(int& x, int& y);

int main ()
{
// local variable declaration:
int a = 100;
int b = 200;
cout << "Before swap, value of a :" << a << endl;
cout << "Before swap, value of b :" << b << endl;
/* calling a function to swap the values.*/
swap(a, b);
cout << "After swap, value of a :" << a << endl;
cout << "After swap, value of b :" << b << endl;
return 0;
}

// function definition to swap the values.

void swap(int& x, int& y)
{
int temp;
temp = x; /* save the value at address x */
x = y; /* put y into x */
y = temp; /* put x into y */
return;
}

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2

 Pointer

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14. Percobaan 14 – Referensi sebagai nilai pengembalian

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

double vals[] = {10.1, 12.6, 33.1, 24.1, 50.0};

double& setValues( int i )

{
return vals[i]; // return a reference to the ith element
}

// main function to call above defined function.

int main ()
{
cout << "Value before change" << endl;
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ )
{
cout << "vals[" << i << " ] = ";
cout << vals[i] << endl;
}
setValues(1) = 20.23; // change 2nd element
setValues(3) = 70.8; // change 4th element
cout << "Value after change" << endl;
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ )
{
cout << "vals[" << i << "] = ";
cout << vals[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Dari percobaan diatas, apakah yang dapat anda simpulkan? Jelaskan!

Praktikum Pemrograman Dasar 2