D y=0 y=0 D Y=12. (Solution By Inspection) D y=12R b γ R b D y=e γ D γ m m=2,2 γ C e C e
D y=0 y=0 D Y=12. (Solution By Inspection) D y=12R b γ R b D y=e γ D γ m m=2,2 γ C e C e
1. Obtain in factored form a linear differential equation with real, constant coefficients that
satisfy the equation y=2e x cos 3 x . (UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENT)
Ans: ¿
¿ ( D 2−2 D+10 ) y=0
[ ( D−1 ) +3 i ] [( D−1 )−3 i ) y =0
( D2 + 4 ) y=12 R0 =12
b n=4 then,
R 12
γ p= 0 = Ans: γ p=3
bn 4
γ c =C 1 e 2 x +C 2 e 2 x
by reduction order
Let,
y=v e2 x y=2 v e 2 x + v' e 2 x
y=2 ( 2 v e 2 x +v ' e2 x ) + ( 2 v ' e 2 x +v ' ' e2 x )
y=v ' ' e 2 x + 4 v ' e 2 x +4 v 4 e2 x
Substitute,
v' ' e2 x + 4 v ' e 2 x + 4 v 4 e 2 x −4 ( 2 v e 2 x + v ' e2 x ) + 4 v e 2 x =e x
v' ' e2 x =e x
Multiply by e−2 x
v' ' =e− x
' −x
Integrate, ∫ v =∫ e dx
v' =−e−x + A
' −x
Integrate, ∫ v =∫ (−e ¿ + A )dx+ B ¿
v=e− x + Ax+ B
Multiply by e 2 x ,
y=e x + Ax e2 x + B e 2 x
Let c 1=B c 2= A
Then,
Ans: y=c1 e 2 x +c 2 x e2 x + e x
by Inspection,
( D 4 + 4 ¿ cos 2 x=( 16+ 4 ) cos 2 x
=20 cos 2 x
Then,
cos 2 x
γ p=
20
γ p=Bx e 4 x
d γp 4x 4x
=B e + 4 Bx e
dx
d2 γ p 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x
2
=4 B e + 4 B e +16 Bx e =8 B e + 16 Bx e
dx
Substitute ,
( 8 B e 4 x +16 Bx e 4 x ) −3 ( B e 4 x + 4 Bx e 4 x )−4 Bx e 4 x =30 e 4 x
5 B e4 x =30 e 4 x
B=6
Then γ p=6 x e 4 x
Finally, y=c1 e 4 x + c2 e−x +6 x e 4 x Ans: y=(c ¿¿ 1+6 x)e 4 x +c 2 e−x ¿
6. Obtain in factored form a linear differential equation with real, constant coefficients that
1 4x
satisfy the equation y=−2 x + e (UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENT)
2
2
For -2x, m =0,0→ D
1 4x
e , m=4 → ( D−4 )
2
Then D 2 ( D−4 ) y=0
7. Show that if b ≠ a then ( D 2 +a 2) y =sin bx has the particular solution y=¿ using method of
undetermined coefficients.
dγ p
=c1 b cos bx
dx
d2 y p 2
2
=c 1 b sin bx
dx
Substitute, −c 1 b2 sin bx+ a2 c 1 sin bx=sin bx
c 1 ( −b2 +a 2) sin bx=sin bx
1
c 1= 2 2 Then, γ p=¿ 1 sin bx¿
a −b a −b2 2
( D2 +3 D−4 ) e 2 x = [ 4+3 ( 2 ) −4 ] e 2 x =6 e2 x
then,
18
γ p= e2 x =4
6
1 7 4
The general solutionis C 1 e−t +C 2 e3 t − e 2 t−t 2 +1− cos ( 2 t )− sin 2 t
3 13 13
10. Solve the equation y ' ' + y =tan x ,0< x< π /2. (VARIATION OF PARAMETERS)
11. Solve γ ' ' + y =sin x (UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENT)
12. Determine the form of the trial solution for the differential equation
y ' ' −4 y' +13 y=e2 x cos 3 x . (UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENT)
13. Solve y ' ' −4 y=x e x +cos 2 x . (UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENT)
14.
Solve
the
'' ' et
y −2 y + y=
t
d2 y
16. Solve the equation x
2
( )
d x2
−2 y =ln x (VARIATION OF PARAMETERS)
17. Solve the equation x 2 y ' ' −5 x y ' +9 y=0 . (REDUCTION OF ORDER)
18. ( D3−3 D+2 ¿ y=−7 (SOLUTION BY INSPECTION)
R0 =−7 bn=2
Then
R0 −7
γ p= =
bn 2
Since the dependent variable y is missing, let y′ = w and y″ = w′. These substitutions
transform the given second‐order equation into the first‐order equation
which is in standard form. Applying the method for solving such equations, the
integrating factor is first determined,
Therefore,
This gives
We just need a particular solution, so take C=0. Integrating(it’s not an easy integral)
Again, we can ignore the constant C’, and our particular solution is
Integrating, we get