Mark Scheme (Results)

October 2020

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Subsidiary
In Information Technology (WIT11/01)
Unit 1
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October 2020
Publications Code WIT11_01_2010_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2020
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
1 (a) Award one mark per point to a maximum of two marks. Answers must be 2
suitable for a blog
• pay-per-click advertising (1)
• paid advertising / product placement in the blog
(articles) (1)
• selling of customer data (1)
• a subscription for access to the blog (e.g. extra
articles, higher resolution images, access) (1)
• asking for donations (1)
• sponsored content (1)
• selling / licensing content (images, text, or
products) (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number Guidance
1 (b) i C 1
1 (b) ii A 1

Question Answer Additional Mark

number Guidance
1 (c) Award up to two marks each for one benefit and one Allow 1 drawback 4
drawback such as: mark for a general
answer about
Benefits:
security risk
• can be accessed from anywhere with internet (1)
which means Gathii can blog while away from
home / from a photo location (1)
• Gathii does not need to purchase extra storage
(at home / on his system) (1) saving money (1)
(needs to have a description of the saving to be
awarded this mark)
• data security, assuming Gathii keeps copies at
home as well as in the cloud / keeps photos on
both sites (1) this means that Gathii does not
need to worry about making backups / recovering
from disasters e.g. his home storage device failing
(1)
Drawbacks:
• requires internet access (1) which means Gathii
may not always be able to get at his data (1)
• there may be limitations on e.g. bandwidth,
storage time, time before non-accessed accounts
are deleted (1) which means Gathii may not
always be able to access his files. (1)
• cloud storage is ‘someone else’s’ computer’ (1)
which means that Gathii has limited control over
e.g. security, who can see the data (1)
 • uploading and downloading files uses data
allowance (1) which means that Gathii may incur
extra costs / be penalised for exceeding his
allowance / need to purchase extra data
allowance (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
1 (d) Award up to two marks for each of two descriptions Do not accept 4
such as: answers about
• can get feedback / criticism / comments on photos publicising the
(1) which will help him improve technique / style / blog
quality (1)
• can pick up ideas / suggestions for
content/images (1) that can be exploited / written
about in his blog (1)
• can build (professional) relationships with other
photographers / possible clients (1) allowing him
to sell/shoot images for money/other benefits
• can build a name/reputation for himself / his
images (1) outside of his blog (1)
• can get support / answers to photography
problems (1) from the combined experience of
other forum members (1)
• can get support / answers to blog problems (1)
from the combined experience of other forum
members (1)
• can get information about events (1) in a
photography related context e.g. exhibition,
workshop (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number Guidance
1(e) Award one mark for each point up to a maximum of Although this is not 3
three marks for a linked explanation. what the question
• non-linear text asked, allow 1
• contains links (from text / graphics, video) to other mark for a good
text / graphics, video / sound description of
• link can go to whole file/document or specific hypertext markup
location within the file/document language
• links can be anywhere on internet / world wide
web
• providing the ‘web strands’ that create the world
wide web
Example
• Hypertext provides a link from one web
page/document/text to another (1) the second
text can be anywhere on the internet (1) this type
of link forms the ‘web’ of the world wide web (1)
 • Hyperlinks are examples of non-linear text (1)
which means that they hold links to pieces of text
that do not immediately follow the hyperlink text
(1) these links are what join up the world wide
web/internet (1)
• Hypertext links a piece of text to another piece of
text (1) the second piece of text can be anywhere
on the internet (1) and the link can be to any place
within the second piece (1)
Total for Question 1 15

Question Answer Additional Mark

number Guidance
2(a) Award one mark for each point up to a maximum of Although this is 3
three marks. not what the
question asked,
• position information (1) allow 1 mark for
• alignment markings (1) ‘contains a
• error correction information (1) URL/link to web
• timing information (1) page’
• QR code version (1)
• QR code format (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number Guidance
2(b) i Award one mark for each point up to a maximum of 4
four marks for a linked description.

• RIFD tag contains (digitally) stored information (1)

• RIFD tag has an antenna (1)
• RIFD reader sends (interrogation) signal (1)
• any tag within range responds to the signal (1)
• RIFD tag responds to signal by returning stored
information (1)
• RIFD tag gets power from broadcast radio waves
(1)
• RFID detector performs action as a result of
exchange (1)

Example
• RIFD tags hold identification information (1) which
is sent in response (1) to a reader sending a signal
(1) the tag is powered by the reader’s signal (1)
• passive tags are powered by radio waves (1)
which are sent by the RIFD reader (1) the tag
sends identifying information (1) in response to
signals from the reader
 • the tag works with a reader. The reader
broadcasts a radio signal (1) and any tag within
range responds (1) sending the code that is
stored in the tag (1) the tag does not have a
battery and gets its power from the radio signal
(1).

2(b) ii Award one mark for any of: Do not allow theft 1
related answers as
• selling a plant / checkout free payment this was given in
• stocktaking / stock checking / stock control / the question
inventory control / order picking
• logging plant care e.g. watering schedule
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
2(c) i Award up to two marks for each of two descriptions 4
such as:

• eavesdropping/listening in to (NFC transmission)

(1) allows access to private/personal/financial
data while card is making the connection to the
reader (1)
• data corruption/manipulation (1) where the
connecting signal is jammed/interfered with
affecting/altering/preventing the transaction (1)
• man in the middle/signal interception (1) where
an attacker intercepts the signal and alters it
before sending it on (1)
2(c) ii Award one mark for each point up to a maximum of two Do not accept 2
marks for: passive measures
such as card
• (vendor/garden can) set up secure channels shields
(this ensures communications are encrypted) (1) Allow encryption
which prevents eavesdropping/data for 1 mark
corruption/data theft (1)
Total for Question 2 14
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
3 (a) Award one mark for each of: Accept 6
reasonable
(a) Server/computer in offices alternative
(b) Server/computer connects to internet via max 1 switch and names for
modem / router items.
(c) Server/computer connects to all devices shown via one or Accept
more switches, by cable. WiFi links
(d) Interactive screens in exhibition area and engine shed, instead of
connected by cable. cable for
(e) Mobile device / user connected to WAP by WiFi anything
(f) cable type identified, Ethernet / Cat5/6 / optical fibre except
server to
switch.
Accept a
firewall in
the
modem
/router
/internet
access for
one mark
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
3(b) Firewall, on router or a separate hardware. 6
• Check for open ports, with port scanner
• Close all ports except those needed for e.g. email,
browser
• Keep firewall patched / up to date

Server / data stores.

• Encrypt data
• Set access levels, user rights, passwords on files
• Enforce strong passwords / two factor authentication
• Set up anti-malware, keep it updated
• Ensure OS, and other software is patched up to date

Other.
•Switch off internet access out of hours
• Train staff on security, e.g. avoiding phishing,
mailworms, etc.
• Hire white hat/ethical hackers to probe the system for
weak points
• Ensure router/modem password is changed from
default to something more robust
Level Mark Descriptor
0 No rewardable material.
Level 1 1–2 • Demonstrates limited knowledge and understanding, some of which
may be inaccurate.
• Applies understanding with limited coherence to produce a superficial
and unbalanced discussion.
Level 2 3–4 • Demonstrates knowledge and understanding which is mostly relevant
but may include some inaccuracies.
• Applies understanding to make some coherent connections, leading to
a discussion that shows some development, but may be unbalanced.
Level 3 5–6 • Demonstrates accurate and relevant knowledge and understanding
throughout.
• Applies understanding coherently to produce a balanced and fully
developed discussion.
Total for Question 3 12
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
4(a) Award one mark for each of: 6

• at least three correct relationships (the lines)

• at least three correct relationship types
• at least three correct primary keys in Student, Teacher,
Subject, Class
• correct composite primary key in Registration
• correctly identified foreign keys in Class
• correctly identified foreign keys in Registration
Question Indicative content Additional Mark
number Guidance
4(b) Responses should be in relationship to the context of the 6
question. (Discuss why a relational database is suitable for
handling structured data.)

Structured data
• is readable by machine
• using simple algorithms

Databases in general
• long established (over 40 years) method of holding
data
• so well understood / tested / unlikely to produce
unexpected errors

Type of database / using RDBMS

• reduces data duplication / enforces integrity
• stores data in tables / records / fields
• allows linking of tables through keys
• tables / records / fields are machine readable with
simple algorithms

Database queries
• database designed for efficient queries / machine
readable with simple algorithms
• many programming languages have built-in
functions/libraries to deal with database structures
• SQL is simple, widespread, and popular / easy for
non-technical users to learn/use
Level Mark Descriptor
0 No rewardable material.
Level 1 1–2 • Demonstrates limited knowledge and understanding, some of which
may be inaccurate.
• Applies understanding with limited coherence to produce a superficial
and unbalanced discussion.
Level 2 3–4 • Demonstrates knowledge and understanding which is mostly relevant
but may include some inaccuracies.
• Applies understanding to make some coherent connections, leading to a
discussion that shows some development, but may be unbalanced.
Level 3 5–6 • Demonstrates accurate and relevant knowledge and understanding
throughout.
• Applies understanding coherently to produce a balanced and fully
developed discussion.
Total for Question 4 12
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
5(a) Award one mark for each item to a maximum of twelve marks: The names 12
given for
(a) Bus entity data
(b) Passenger entity sources,
(c) Position report process stores and
(d) Display process movement
(e) Card query process may vary.
(f) Card payment process Allow any
(g) Bus positions store/file reasonable
(h) Ticket card / transactions store/file alternatives
(i) Data links have arrows showing correct direction of flow as long as
data they are
(j) Bus position data has links in a chain from bus to passenger used
(k) Card credit process has links sending ID and returning credit consistently.
amount
(l) Card add credit process has card and payment data Accept
(m) Card add credit process has a return of confirmation / new either of the
credit amount pairs of
dotted lines.
Question Answer Additional Mark
number Guidance
5(b) Award one mark for each point up to a maximum of three marks for 3
a linked explanation.
Such as:

• creates an overview of the system (1)

• helps visualise the process / data flow (1)
• avoids going into great detail at an early stage (1)
• can be drawn at different levels of complexity, L0, L1, etc. /
allows top down expansion (1)
• makes it easier to explain the system to (non-technical)
audiences (1)
• shows the system boundaries (1)
• shows flow to external entities (1)

Examples:
• A DFD shows a top-level view of the planned system, (1)
making it easier for people to understand (1) the way in which
data will be processed (1)
• A DFD can be drawn as a top-level diagram (1) which avoids
unnecessary detail at the planning stage (1) and makes it
simpler to explain to others. (1)
Total for Question 5 15
Question Answer Mark
number
6 Responses should be in relationship to the context, advantages and 12
disadvantages of a reuse and recycle approach.
Accept reverse arguments for the shred and smelt approach.

Environmental considerations
Advantages:
• less pollution from:
o burning off plastics, etc.
o smelting waste
o waste / toxic gases
o heavy metals
o mining of materials
o manufacture processes

Disadvantages:
• remaining material may be most polluting / difficult to dispose of
• reused items are often less (energy) efficient than newer ones
• smelted metals are available for new manufacturing, less mining
etc. needed for new items
• increased logistics increase transport pollution

Economic considerations
Advantages:
• new revenue sources such as:
o resale of working / repaired items
o sale of spares
o sale of consumables such as toner, paper
o use / reuse of items within the company

Disadvantages:
• increased start-up costs, company will need to invest in new
facilities and logistics chains
• costs of compliance reporting, asset tracking, other documentation

Security implications
Advantages:
• few to none, shredding and smelting will destroy any data left on
the IT equipment.

Disadvantages:
• legal obligations, e.g. data protection laws
• customer relations, need to secure-delete data

Conclusion
There is no preferred answer, candidates should support their conclusion with
arguments made.
Level Mark Descriptor
0 No rewardable material.
Level 1–4 • Demonstrates limited knowledge and understanding, some of which may
1 be inaccurate.
• Applies understanding with limited coherence to produce a response that
lacks development.
• Demonstrates limited awareness of competing arguments.
• Conclusion, if present, is generic orV unsupported.
Level 5–8 • Demonstrates knowledge and understanding, which is mostly relevant and
2 may include some inaccuracies.
• Applies understanding to make some coherent connections and a partially
developed response.
• Demonstrates some awareness of competing arguments, but this may be
unbalanced, and partially supports conclusion with evidence.
Level 9–12 • Demonstrates accurate and relevant knowledge and understanding
3 throughout.
• Applies understanding coherently to produce a fully developed response.
• Demonstrates an awareness of competing arguments and supports
conclusion with evidence.
Total for Question 6 12