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Gentry Amateurs: Noblesse Oblige

Through this assignment we are giving a comparative analysis of three vital industries, namely: automobile, cement and construction. We will first in the course of this Introduction give you a description of all these three industries and then proceed on to first describe the Porter’s fiver forces to determine the scope of survival after entering each of these industries by first analyzing it in isolation with respect to these five forces and then giving a brief elaboration making use of both th

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66 views8 pages

Gentry Amateurs: Noblesse Oblige

Through this assignment we are giving a comparative analysis of three vital industries, namely: automobile, cement and construction. We will first in the course of this Introduction give you a description of all these three industries and then proceed on to first describe the Porter’s fiver forces to determine the scope of survival after entering each of these industries by first analyzing it in isolation with respect to these five forces and then giving a brief elaboration making use of both th

Uploaded by

C.N. Krishna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The patrons, and other players from the social

class known as the "gentry", began to classify

themselves as "amateurs"[fn 1] to establish a clear

distinction from the professionals, who were

invariably members of the working class, even to

the point of having separate changing and dining

facilities.[31] The gentry, including such high-

ranking nobles as the Dukes of Richmond,

exerted their honour code of noblesse oblige to

claim rights of leadership in any sporting contests

they took part in, especially as it was necessary

for them to play alongside their "social inferiors"

if they were to win their bets.[32] In time, a


perception took hold that the typical amateur

who played in first-class cricket, until 1962 when

amateurism was abolished, was someone with

a public school education who had then gone to

one of Cambridge or Oxford University – society

insisted that such people were "officers and

gentlemen" whose destiny was to provide

leadership.[33] In a purely financial sense, the

cricketing amateur would theoretically claim

expenses for playing while his professional

counterpart played under contract and was paid

a wage or match fee; in practice, many amateurs

claimed more than actual expenditure and the


derisive term "shamateur" was coined to

describe the practice.[34][35]

English cricket in the 18th and 19th centuries

Francis Cotes, The Young Cricketer, 1768

The game underwent major development in the

18th century to become England's national sport.


[citation needed]
 Its success was underwritten by the

twin necessities of patronage and betting.


[36]
 Cricket was prominent in London as early as

1707 and, in the middle years of the century,

large crowds flocked to matches on the Artillery

Ground in Finsbury.[citation needed]


 The single

wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds

and wagers to match, its popularity peaking in

the 1748 season.[37] Bowling underwent an

evolution around 1760 when bowlers began

to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it

towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in

bat design because, to deal with the bouncing

ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern


straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick"

shape.[38][citation needed]

The Hambledon Club was founded in the 1760s

and, for the next twenty years until the formation

of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the

opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787,

Hambledon was both the game's greatest club

and its focal point.[citation needed]


 MCC quickly

became the sport's premier club and the

custodian of the Laws of Cricket. New Laws

introduced in the latter part of the 18th century

included the three stump wicket and leg before

wicket (lbw).[39]
The 19th century saw underarm

bowling superseded by first roundarm and

then overarm bowling. Both developments were

controversial.[40] Organisation of the game at

county level led to the creation of the county

clubs, starting with Sussex in 1839.[41] In

December 1889, the eight leading county clubs

formed the official County Championship, which

began in 1890.[42]

The most famous player of the 19th century

was W. G. Grace, who started his long and

influential career in 1865. It was especially

during the career of Grace that the distinction


between amateurs and professionals became

blurred by the existence of players like him who

were nominally amateur but, in terms of their

financial gain, de facto professional. Grace

himself was said to have been paid more money

for playing cricket than any professional.[citation


needed]

The last two decades before the First World

War have been called the "Golden Age of

cricket". It is a nostalgic name prompted by the

collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but

the period did produce some great players and


memorable matches, especially as organised

competition at county and Test level developed.[43]

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