LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.

1. Preamble : Ref :
Design of Wall Type Abutment with Open Foundation

2. Design basis :
Codes of Indian Road Congress (IRCs)
IRC 6 - 2017 Code of Practice for Road bridges Load and Stresses
IRC 78 - 2014 Code of Practice for Road bridges Foundation and Sub Structure
IRC 112 - 2011 Code of Practice for Concrete Road bridges

3. Design data : A1 A2
Foundation Bottom Level Level = 0.000 0.000 m
Ground / Scour level = 3.500 3.500 m
Foundation Top Level = 1.100 1.100 m
HFL = 3.500 3.500 m
Abutment Cap Top level = 3.351 3.351 m
Soffit Level = 3.597 3.597 m
Finished Road Level = 5.826 5.826 m

Design is done for Crtical Abutment i.e "A1" which can be same adopted for "A2".

Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Density of Wearing Coat(Cement Concrete) = 22 kN/m3
Bulk Density of soil = 20 kN/m3
Coefficient of Friction of Bearing ( m ) = 0.00
Coefficient of Friction of Sliding ( m ) = 0.50
Angle of Internal Friction of Soil ( f ) = 30 Deg
Fill Slope ( b ) = 0 Deg
Allowable Base Pressure = 350 kN/m2
Radius of curvature = 1000000 m

4. Dead Load Calculation of Superstructure :

Dimensions of Super Structure
Center to Center of Exp Joint for a span = 32.700 m
No. of bearings = 4.000 Type of bearing Elastomeric
Center to Center of Bearing for a span = 31.500 m Ab. End 0.600 Opp. End 0.600
Outer to outer edge of girder span = 32.500 m
Dist between exp joint and c/l of bearing = 0.600 m
Length of End thickning of the girder = 1.000 m
Length of Transition zone of girder = 1.500 m
Distance Between Center of Girder = 3.000 m
Total No of Girder = 4.000 Nos
Web Width of girder = 0.275 m
Total width of Deck Slab = 12.500 m
Deck slab Thickness = 0.220 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.500 m
Width of Foot Path = 1.500 m
Wearing Coat Thickness = 0.100 m 0.1m considered in Design

GIRDER SECTION IN CENTRAL PORTION

0.850
0.288 0.275 0.288

5 5
0.15
4 4
0.10

2.200 1.600

2 2 0.10

1 1
0.25
0.2375 0.28 0.238
0.750

Girder B H Area No of Total Unit Total Wt

Nos Length
E.No (m) (m) (M2) Girder Area Wt (kN)
1 2 0.2375 0.250 0.12 4 0.48
2 2 0.2375 0.100 0.02 4 0.10
3 1 0.275 2.200 0.61 4 2.42
4 2 0.2875 0.100 0.03 4 0.12
5 2 0.2875 0.150 0.09 4 0.35
Single Girder 0.86 26.50 25.0 571.4
Deck Slab 1 12.50 0.220 2.75 1 2.75 26.50 25.0 1821.9
Total 6.20 26.50 25.0 4107.5

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GIRDER SECTION AT END Ref :
0.850

0.15
3 3

2 2 0.170

2.20

1
1.88

0.1 0.75 0.1

Girder Nos B H Area No of Girder Total Area Length Unit Total Wt

1 1 0.750 2.200 1.65 4 6.60
2 2 0.000 0.170 0.00 4 0.00
3 2 0.000 0.150 0.00 4 0.00
Single girder 1.65 3.00 25.0 123.75
Deck Slab 1 12.50 0.22 2.75 1 2.75 3.00 25.0 206.25
Total 9.35 3.00 25.0 701.3

GIRDER IN TRANSITION ZONE

Avg. Area of Midspan Section and at End Section
Girder 1.26 3.0 25.0 94.22
Deck 2.75 3.0 25.0 206.25
Total 7.78 3.0 25.0 583.1

Dead Load of Cantilever Deck Slab at End

Nos B H Area Nos Area in M2 Length Unit Total
Cantilver Slab 12.50 0.22 2.75 1 2.75 0.2 25.0 13.8

Dead Load of DIAPHRAGM

Description Nos Length Ht Area Thick. Unit Total Wt
1) At End 2 9.75 1.950 24.8 0.4 25.0 248.3
2) At Span 2 9.75 1.950 31.1 0.4 25.0 311.3
Total 56.0 559.5
SIDL CALCULATIONS TOTAL D.L. 5965
WEARING COAT OVER DECK SLAB
Description Nos Width Depth Area Length Unit Wt
100 mm thk. Coat 1 10.00 0.10 1.00 32.70 22.0 719.4

Crash Barrier and Kerb Etc

Description Nos Length Depth Area Length Unit Wt
Crash Barrier 2 0.400 32.70 25.0 654
Railing 1 0.200 32.70 25.0 163.5
Total 0.60 32.70 25.0 817.5
Hand Rail and Metal beam Crash Barrier
Description Nos Length Area Unit Wt
100 mm MS Dia 0 32.70 0.001 7.85 0.00
W Beam 0 32.70 0.020 0
TOTAL SIDL 1537
Total DL + SIDL 7502

5. Live Load Coalculation :

Impact factor
Class A Train of vehicle 4.50
Impact factor for Class A vehicle = 6 + 31.5 Cl.208.2, IRC:6 - 2014
= 1.000
Considered for Sub & Foundation
Impact factor for 70R vehicle = 1.000 Cl.208.3, IRC:6 - 2014
Table 3 of IRC 6 : 2014
Congestion factor Span Cong Fact
Congestion factor = 1.000 10<S<30 1.15
30<S<60 1.15 to 1.60
60<S<70 1.60 to 1.70
70<S 1.7

Max Reaction Max Transv Mom SV

Live Load Cases : With Impact, Congestion & Reduction Factor
Vertical Reaction on Abutment = 1362 1028 2040
Longitudinal Eccentricity = -0.350 -0.350 -0.350
Longitudinal Moment = -477 -360 -714
Transverse Eccentricity = 1.287 3.150 1.045
Transverse Moment = 1753 3237 2132
Long Horizontal Force normal = 223 206 86
Long Horizontal Force seismic = 113 110 86

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Transverse Horizontal Force normal = 0 0 0 Ref :
Transverse Horizontal Force seismic = 0 0 0
6. Load Calculation of Substructure and Foundation:

Finished Road Level 0.000 1.550 0.100

5.826
Abut Cap Top Lvl 0.000 0.75 2.475
3.351 0.350
` 0.300 0.300
0.300 0.000 0.300
0.500
0.5000
1.651 1.651

Foundation Base Lvl 0.800 0.800

0.000 0.300 0.300

13.990 2.50 0.600 2.30

5.40
a) Pedestal
No of Pedestal = 4
Length of Pedestal = 0.80 m
Width of Pedestal = 0.80 m
Average Depth of Pedestal = 0.15 m
Weight of Pedestal = 9.6 kN
CG of Pedestal from Founding Level = 3.43 m
b) Abutment Cap
Length of Abut Cap in Transv Direction ( Top ) = 13.99 m
Width of Abut Cap in Long Direction ( Top ) = 1.650 m
Length of Abut Cap in Transv Direction ( Bot ) = 13.99 m
Width of Abut Cap in Long Direction ( Bot ) = 0.60 m
Depth of Abut Cap at Tip = 0.30 m
Depth of Abut Cap at Base = 0.60 m
Weight of Abut Cap = 291.2 kN
CG of Abut Cap from Founding Level = 3.05 m
CG of Abut Cap from Straight Height of cap (Opposite to earth Side) = 0.735 m
ECC of Abut Cap from center of Abutment Base = -0.435 m
c) Dirt Wall
Length of Dirt Wall in Transv Direction = 13.99 m
Width of Dirt Wall in Long Direction = 0.35 m
Heigth of Dirt Wall = 2.47 m
Weight of Dirt Wall = 303 kN
CG of Dirt Wall from Founding Level = 4.59 m
ECC of Dirt Wall from center of Abut Base = -1.18 m
Weight of Abutment Cap including Dirt Wall = 594 kN
CG of Cap from Founding Level = 3.84 m
ECC of Cap from Center of Abutment Base = -0.81 m
d) Abutment Shaft Submerged Condition to be Considered Yes "1", No, "0" 1.00
Length of Abutment in Transv Direction = 13.99 m
Width of Abutment in Long Direction = 0.55 m
Height of Abutment above HFL = -0.749 m
Height of Abutment below HFL = 2.40 m
Weight of Abutment above HFL = 0 kN
CG of Abutment Weight above HFL = 3.13 m
Weight of Abutment below HFL = 392 kN
CG of Abutment Weight below HFL = 2.30 m
Total Weight of Abutment Shaft = 392 kN
CG of Abutment Shaft = 2.30 m
e) Abutment Return Wall Submerged Condition to be Considered Yes "1", No, "0" 1.00
No of Return Wall = 2
Length of Return Wall in Long Direction = 2.50 m
Width of Return Wall in Transv Direction = 0.500 m
Height of Return Wall above HFL = 2.33 m
Height of Return Wall below HFL = 2.40 m
Weight of Return Wall above HFL = 145 kN
CG of Return Wall Weight above HFL = 1.16 m
Weight of Return Wall below HFL = 128 kN
CG of Return Wall Weight below HFL = 1.20 m

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Total Weight of Return Wall = 273 kN Ref :
CG of Return Wall = 1.18 m
ecc. of Return Wall from center of Abut Base = -1.55 m
f) Abutment Wing Wall
No of Wing Wall = 0
Length of Wing Wall in Long Direction = 0.00 m
Width of Return Wall in Transv Direction = 0.50 m
Height of Wing Wall at Tip = 0.00 m
Height of Wing Wall at Base = 0.00 m
Weight of Wing Wall Ractangle Portion = 0 kN
CG of Wing Wall Weight above FDN = 5.83 m
ECC of Wing Wall from center of Abut Base = -2.80 m
Weight of Wing Wall Triangular Portion = 0 kN
CG of Wing Wall Weight above FDN = 5.83 m
ECC of Wing Wall from center of Abut Base = -2.80 m
Total Weight of Wing Wall = 0 kN
CG of Wing Wall Weight above FDN = 5.83 m
ECC of Wing Wall from center of Abut Base = -2.80 m
g) Foundation Submerged Condition to be Considered Yes "1", No, "0" 1.00
Length of Foundation in Transv Direction ( Top ) = 13.99 m
Width of Foundation in Long Direction ( Top ) = 0.600 m
Length of Foundation in Transv Direction ( Bot ) = 13.99 m
Width of Foundation in Long Direction ( Bot ) = 5.40 m
Depth of Foundation at Tip = 0.300 m
Depth of Foundation at Base = 1.100 m
Weight of Foundation ( Bot Part I ) = 533 kN
CG of Foundation wrt Abutment Base Center ( Bot Part I ) = -0.10 m
Weight of Foundation ( Toe Part II ) = 302 kN
CG of Foundation wrt Abutment Base Center ( Toe Part II ) = 1.07 m
Weight of Foundation ( Stem Part III ) = 158 kN
CG of Foundation wrt Abutment Base Center ( Stem Part III ) = 0.00 m
Weight of Foundation ( Heel Part IV ) = 329 kN
CG of Foundation wrt Abutment Base Center ( Heel Part IV ) = -1.13 m
Weight of Foundation = 1322 kN
ECC of Foundation from center of Abut Base = -0.08 m
Length of Found Soil in Transv Direction ( Toe ) = 13.99 m
Width of Found Soil in Long Direction ( Toe ) = 2.30 m
Avg Depth of Foundation Soil ( Toe ) = 2.80 m
Weight of Foundation Soil ( Toe ) = 901 kN
CG of Foundation Soil ( Toe ) above FDN = 2.10 m
ECC of Toe Soil from center of Abut Base = 1.45 m
Length of Found Soil in Transv Direction ( Heel ) = 12.99 m
Width of Found Soil in Long Direction ( Heel ) = 2.50 m
Avg Depth of Foundation Soil Below HFL ( Heel ) = 2.800 m Part Below HFL
Weight of Foundation Soil ( Heel ) = 909 kN on Heel Side
CG of Foundation Soil ( Heel ) above FDN = 2.10 m
ECC of Heel Soil from center of Abut Base = -1.55 m
Length of Found Soil in Transv Direction ( Heel ) = 12.99 m
Width of Found Soil in Long Direction ( Heel ) = 2.50 m
Avg Depth of Foundation Soil above HFL ( Heel ) = -0.45 m Part Below Cap
Weight of Foundation Soil ( Heel ) = -291 kN & Above HFL
CG of Foundation Soil ( Heel ) above FDN = 3.58 m
ECC of Heel Soil from center of Abut Base = -1.55 m
Length of Foundation Soil in Transv Direction = 12.99 m
Width of Foundation Soil in Long Direction = 1.25 m
Avg Depth of Foundation Soil = 2.77 m Part Behind Dirt
Weight of Foundation Soil = 901 kN Wall
CG of Foundation Soil ( Heel ) above FDN = 4.44 m
ECC of Heel Soil from center of Abut Base = -2.18 m
Total Weight of Foundation Soil = 1519 kN
CG of Foundation Soil above FDN = 3.20 m
ECC of Heel Soil from center of Abut Base = -1.92 m

7. Wind force Calculation :

Basic Wind Speed of the area = 39 m / sec Tab 6 : IRC 6 - 2014
Avg Height of Exposed Surface from GL / WL = 1.116 m Tab 5 : IRC 6 - 2014
Wind Pressure for wind speed 33m/sec = 436.7 N/sqm 10 437 Tab 5 : IRC 6 - 2014
Wind Pressure ( Pz ) = 609.9 N/sqm 1.12 302.0186
Gust Factor ( G ) = 2 15 513 Cl 209.3.3 of IRC 6 - 2014
Width of the Bridge = 12.5
Width to Depth Ratio of the Bridge = 3.9
Drag Coefficient ( CD ) = 1.4 Cl 209.3.3 of IRC 6 - 2014
Lift Coefficient ( CL ) = 0.75 Cl 209.3.3 of IRC 6 - 2014
a) Wind Calculation for Superstructure
Height of Crash Barrier = 0.80 m
Depth of Superstructure = 2.42 m
Depth of obstruction ( LHS ) = 3.22 m
Effective Area of obstruction ( A1 ) = 52.6 sqm
CG of obstruction = 5.0 m
Effective Area in Plan ( A3 ) = 204.4 sqm
Transv Wind Force ( FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD ) = 90.3 kN
Long Wind Force ( FL = 0.25FT ) = 22.6 kN
Vertical Wind Force ( FV = PZ x A3 x G x CL ) = 187 kN

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b) Wind Calculation for Live Load Class A load placed centrally at top Ref :
Length of LL on LHS = 20.3 m considered for worst case
Height of obstruction = 3.0 m Cl 209.3.6 of IRC 6 - 2014
Area of obstruction( A1 ) = 60.9 sqm
Drag Coefficient for Pier ( CD ) = 1.2
Total Transv Wind Force = 89.1 kN
Transv Wind Force on Abutment = 62.1 kN
Long Wind Force on Abutment = 15.5 kN
CG of wind force = 7.3 m
10.15

0.60 31.5 0.60

d) Summary of Wind Loads Vertical Wind Up "-1", Dwn "1", No, "0" -1.00

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)

Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Wind Load ( WL ) at Foundation Base -187.0 0.0 0.0 38.1 3.4 127.7 152.4 6.0 908.0
1 Wind Load ( WL ) at Curtailment -187.0 0.0 0.0 38.1 2.3 85.8 152.4 6.0 908.0

8. Earth Pressure Calculation :

Seismic Effect to be considered ( Yes - 1, No - 0 ) = 1
Seismic Zone Factor ( Z ) = 0.16
Angle of Internal Friction of Soil ( f ) = 30 Deg
Fill Slope ( b ) = 0 Deg
Vertical Angle of Earth Face Wall ( a ) = 0.00 Deg
Angle of Friction between Wall and Earth Fill ( d ) = 20 Deg
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure Non Seismic Condition = 0.297
cos2(f-a)/cos2a cos(d+a) = 0.798
sin(f+d) sin(f-b)/cos(a-b) cos(d+a) = 0.408
Horiz Comp of Active Earth Pressure Kah = Ka Cos ( d+a ) = 0.279
Coefficient of Dynamic Earth Pressure Seismic Condition = 0.381
Horiz Comp of Active Earth Pressure Cah = Ca Cos ( d+a ) = 0.358
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient ( Ah = Z/2 ) = 0.080
Vertical Seismic Coefficient ( Av) = 0.10
l = tan -1 [ Ah / ( 1+Av )] = 4.160 Deg
l = tan -1 [ Ah / ( 1-Av )] = 5.080 Deg
= 0.892
cos2(f-l-a)/cos l cos2a cos(d+a+l)
= 0.915
= 0.366
sin(f+a) sin(f-b-l)/cos(a-b) cos(d+a+l)
= 0.356

LL Surcharge to be considered ( Yes - 1, No - 0 ) = 1 Curtailment Point 0.0 Above stem Base

Foundation Base Stem Base Curtailment Point
Unit
Normal Seismic Normal Seismic Normal Seismic
Height of Abutment = 5.826 5.826 4.726 4.726 4.726 4.73 m
Width of Abutment = 13.99 13.99 13.99 13.99 13.99 13.99 m
Earth Pressure at Respective Level Normal 2
= 33 42 26 34 26 34 kN/m
Total Earth Pressure Force at Resp Level Normal = 1327 1701 873 1119 873 1119 kN
CG of Earth Pressure Force above Resp Level = 2.45 2.45 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 m
LL Surcharge Pressure = 6.71 8.60 6.71 8.60 6.71 8.60 kN/sqm
LL Surcharge Force = 547 701 443 568 443 568 kN
CG of LL Surcharge Force above Resp level = 2.913 2.913 2.363 2.363 2.363 2.363 m

Summary of Earth Pressure Earth Pressure to be Considered Yes "1", No, "0" 1.00
At Foundation Base
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)
Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1326.7 2.4 3246 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 546.5 2.9 1592 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1700.7 2.4 3640 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 700.6 2.9 2041 0.0 0.0 0.0

At Abutment Stem Base

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)
Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 873.0 2.0 1733 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 443.3 2.4 1048 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1119.1 2.0 1943 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 568.3 2.4 1343 0.0 0.0 0.0

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At Abutment Stem Curtailment Point Ref :
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)
Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 873.0 2.0 1733 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 443.3 2.4 1048 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1119.1 2.0 1943 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 568.3 2.4 1343 0.0 0.0 0.0

9. Seismic force Calculation :

a) Seismic Transverse Calculation Of Time Period :-
Seismic zone of the area = III F= 4808 (Annex D of IRC
Seismic zone Factor ( Z ) = 0.160 E= 32 Gpa 6:2014)
Importance Factor ( I ) = 1.200 It= 9.4E+13 mm4
Avg Response accn Coeffient (Sa/g) = 2.500 L (CG of Superstructure) = 3612 mm F
Hor Seismic Coeffient [ Ah = (Z/2)xIx(Sa/g) ] = 0.240 X (Pier cap top) = 2497 mm
Seismic Response Reduction Factor ( R ) = 1.000 D (Appropriate Loads) = 4023 kN
Hor Seis Force Coeff [ Fh = Ah /R ] = 0.240 T (Time period) 0.06 Sec d
Than Say,Hor Seis Force Coeff [ Fh = Ah /R ] = 0.240
Ver Seis Force Coeff [ 2 Fh / 3 ] = 0.100 Type of Soil Medium
b) Seismic Longitudinal Sa/g (Transverse) = 2.500
Avg Response accn Coeffient (Sa/g) = 2.500 IL = 1.5E+11 mm4
Seismic Response Reduction Factor ( R ) = 1.000 D (Appropriate Loads) = 7502 kN
Importance Factor ( I ) = 1.200 F= 484 kN Point Of Fixity
Hor Seis Force Coeff [ Fh = Ah /R ] = 0.240 T (Time period) 0.25 Sec
Than Say,Hor Seis Force Coeff [ Fh = Ah /R ] = 0.240
Ver Seis Force Coeff [ 2 Fh / 3 ] = 0.100 Sa/g (Longitudinal) = 2.500
c) Summary of Seismic Loads at Foundation Vertical Seismic Up "-1", Dwn "1", No, "0" 1.00

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)

Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Dead Load ( DL ) 298 -104 222 1432 3.60 5150 716 4 3106
2 Dead Load ( SIDL ) 77 -27 57 369 3.60 1327 184 6 1167
3 Pedestal ( PD ) 1 0 1 2 3.35 8 2 3 8
4 Abutment Cap ( AC ) 59 -48 0 70 3.05 213 70 3 213
5 Abutment Shaft ( AS ) 39 -1 0 94 2.30 217 94 2 217
6 Abutment Return Wal ( AR ) 27 -42 0 65 1.18 77 65 1 77
7 Abutment Wing Wal ( AW ) 0 0 0 0 5.83 0 0 6 0
8 Earth on Heel ( EH ) 106 -204 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Live Load ( LL1 ) 27.24 -10 35 0 0 0 65 7 459
10 Live Load ( LL2 ) 21 -7 65 0 0 0 49 7 347
11 Live Load ( LL3 ) 41 -14 43 0 0 0 98 7 688

10. Summary of Normal Loads and other Loads at Foundation Base:

Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Center of Abutment Base
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)
Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Dead Load ( DL ) 2983 -1044 2222 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Dead Load ( SIDL ) 768 -269 572 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Pedestal ( PD ) 10 -3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Abutment Cap ( AC ) 594 -483 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Abutment Shaft ( AS ) 392 -10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Abutment Return Wal ( AR ) 273 -423 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Abutment Wing Wal ( AW ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Earth on Heel ( EH ) 1519 -2918 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Earth on Toe ( ET ) 901 1306 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Live Load ( LL1 ) 1362 -477 1753 223 3.60 801 0 7 1
11 Live Load ( LL2 ) 1028 -360 3237 206 3.60 741 0 7 1
12 Live Load ( LL3 ) 2040 -714 2132 86 3.60 310 0 7 0
13 Foundation ( FDN ) 1322 -103 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 Wind Load ( WL ) -187 0 0 38 3.60 137 152 5.96 908
15 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0 0 0 1327 2.45 3246 0 0 0
16 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0 0 0 547 2.91 1592 0 0 0
17 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0 0 0 1701 2.45 3640 0 0 0
18 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0 0 0 701 2.91 2041 0 0 0

11. Summary of Loads for Stability Against Overturning and Sliding of Foundation:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 1.00 EP 1.00 Tab 3.1 of IRC 6 - 2014
Eart Pressure as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00
Load Factors in Seismic Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 1.00 EP 1.00
Seismic Force as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00 SE 1.00
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 1.00 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00

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Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Toe of Foundation Ref :
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9936 -30257 4555 2134 5776 153 909 -24481 5464
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9602 -29271 6039 2117 5717 153 909 -23555 6947
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10615 -32258 4933 1997 5285 152 908 -26973 5841
Long Seismic Load Combinations ( Rl + 0.3Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 10127 -30884 4649 4694 13611 512 2483 -17273 7132
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9791 -29892 6142 4678 13551 507 2449 -16341 8591
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10809 -32897 5030 4558 13119 521 2551 -19777 7581
Transv Seismic Load Combinations ( 0.3Rl + Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 10127 -30884 4649 3272 8717 1350 6156 -22168 10805
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9791 -29892 6142 3255 8657 1334 6043 -21235 12185
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10809 -32897 5030 3135 8225 1382 6384 -24671 11414
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9936 -30257 4555 2134 5776 153 909 -24481 5464
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9602 -29271 6039 2117 5717 153 909 -23555 6947
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10615 -32258 4933 1997 5285 152 908 -26973 5841
FOS for FOS for
12. Stability Calculation : Normal Seismic Wind Status Normal Seismic
Stability Factor agaist Overturning = 6.10 4.00 6.10 OK 2.00 1.50
Sliding Factor = 2.65 1.58 2.65 OK 1.50 1.25

13. Summary of Loads for Base Pressure Check of Foundation:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 1.00 EP 1.00

Eart Pressure as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00
Load Factors in Seismic Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 0.20 EP 1.00
Seismic Force as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00 SE 1.00
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 LL 1.00 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 1.00

Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Foundation Center

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9936 -3429 4555 2134 5776 153 909 2348 5464
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9602 -3345 6039 2117 5717 153 909 2371 6947
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10615 -3598 4933 1997 5285 152 908 1687 5841
Long Seismic Load Combinations ( Rl + 0.3Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9031 -3267 3238 4585 12970 496 2372 9703 5610
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 8964 -3250 3537 4582 12958 495 2365 9708 5902
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 9168 -3301 3315 4558 12872 498 2386 9571 5700
Transv Seismic Load Combinations ( 0.3Rl + Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9031 -3267 3238 3162 8076 1298 5788 4809 9026
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 8964 -3250 3537 3159 8064 1294 5765 4814 9302
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 9168 -3301 3315 3135 7977 1304 5833 4677 9148
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9936 -3429 4555 2134 5776 153 909 2348 5464
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9602 -3345 6039 2117 5717 153 909 2371 6947
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10615 -3598 4933 1997 5285 152 908 1687 5841

14. Base Pressure Check :

Area of Foundation ( A ) = 75.55 sqm

Section Modulus Along Long Direction ( Z L ) = 67.99 cum
Section Modulus Along Transverse Direction ( Z T ) = 176.15 cum
Allowable Base Pressure = 350.00 kN/m2

Pressure Allowable
Load Combinations Status
Toe Tip Toe Base Heel Base Heel Tip Max Min
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 197 168 160 128 350 0.0 OK
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 201 172 164 132 350 0.0 OK
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 198 177 172 149 350 0.0 OK
Long Seismic Load Combinations
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 294 173 141 9 438 0.0 OK
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 295 173 142 9 438 0.0 OK
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 294 175 143 13 438 0.0 OK
Transv Seismic Load Combinations
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 242 181 166 100 438 0.0 OK
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 242 182 166 101 438 0.0 OK
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 242 183 168 105 438 0.0 OK
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 197 168 160 128 438 0.0 OK
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 201 172 164 132 438 0.0 OK
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 198 177 172 149 438 0.0 OK

LASA, NEW DELHI

 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
15. Summary of Loads for Strength Check of Foundation: Ref :

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 1.15 EP 1.50

Eart Pressure as Leading Load WL 0.90 LLS 1.20
Load Factors in Seismic Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 0.20 EP 1.00
Seismic Force as Leading Load WL 0.00 LLS 0.20 SE 1.50
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 1.15 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.50 LLS 1.20

Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Foundation Center

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 10159 -3478 4818 2936 7824 137 818 4346 5636
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9775 -3382 6524 2917 7756 137 818 4374 7342
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10633 -3703 6463 2779 7259 137 817 3556 7280
Long Seismic Load Combinations ( Rl + 0.3Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9320 -3306 3294 4934 14696 539 2361 11390 5655
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9250 -3288 3604 4931 14684 532 2311 11396 5915
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 9462 -3341 3373 4907 14598 554 2464 11257 5837
Transv Seismic Load Combinations ( 0.3Rl + Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9320 -3306 3294 2800 7355 1796 7871 4049 11165
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9250 -3288 3604 2797 7343 1772 7702 4054 11306
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 9462 -3341 3373 2773 7256 1845 8214 3915 11587
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 10047 -3489 4818 2296 6283 229 1363 2794 6181
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9663 -3393 6524 2277 6215 229 1363 2822 7887
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10827 -3684 5253 2139 5718 229 1362 2034 6615

Pressure
Load Combinations
Toe Tip Toe Base Heel Base Heel Tip
Normal Load Combinations
Load Comb 1 230 176 162 103
Load Comb 2 235 180 166 107
Load Comb 3 234 190 178 130
Long Seismic Load Combinations
Load Comb 4 323 180 143 -12
Load Comb 5 324 181 144 -12
Load Comb 6 324 183 146 -7
Transv Seismic Load Combinations
Load Comb 7 246 196 182 127
Load Comb 8 246 195 182 127
Load Comb 9 249 200 187 133
Wind Load Combinations
Load Comb 10 209 174 165 127
Load Comb 11 214 179 170 131
Load Comb 12 211 185 179 151

16. Summary of Loads for Stress Check of Foundation:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 LL 1.00 EP 1.00

Live Load as Leading Load WL 0.60 LLS 0.80
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 LL 0.75 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 0.80

Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Foundation Center

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 10011 -3421 4555 2009 5403 92 546 1982 5100
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9677 -3338 6039 1993 5343 92 545 2006 6584
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10689 -3591 4933 1873 4912 91 545 1321 5478
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 9750 -3382 4231 1969 5258 153 909 1876 5140
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 9499 -3319 5344 1957 5213 152 908 1894 6252
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 10258 -3509 4515 1867 4889 152 908 1380 5423

Pressure
Load Combinations
Toe Tip Toe Base Heel Base Heel Tip
Normal Load Combinations
Load Comb 1 191 166 159 132
Load Comb 2 195 170 163 136
Load Comb 3 192 175 171 153
Wind Load Combinations
Load Comb 10 186 163 156 131
Load Comb 11 189 165 159 133
Load Comb 12 187 170 165 146

LASA, NEW DELHI

 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
17. Summary of Loads for Crack Width Check of Foundation: Ref :

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 EP 1.00

Longitudinal Moment due to Vertical Load considered wrt Foundation Center

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+EP ) 8762 -3070 2802 1327 3246 0 0 177 2802

Pressure
Load Combinations
Toe Tip Toe Base Heel Base Heel Tip
Normal Load Combinations
Load Comb 1 134 132 131 129

18 Summary of Seismic Loads at Abutment Base Vertical Seismic Up "-1", Dwn "1", No, "0" 1.00
Considered fixed Bearing on LHS
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)
Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Dead Load ( DL ) 298 -104 222 1432 2 3575 716 3 2319
2 Dead Load ( SIDL ) 77 -27 57 369 2 921 184 5 964
3 Pedestal ( PD ) 1 0 1 2 2 5 2 2 5
4 Abutment Cap ( AC ) 59 -48 0 70 2 136 70 2 136
5 Abutment Shaft ( AS ) 39 -1 0 94 1 113 94 1 113
6 Abutment Return Wal ( AR ) 27 -42 0 65 0 5 65 0 5
7 Abutment Wing Wal ( AW ) 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0
8 Live Load ( LL1 ) 27 -10 35 0 0 0 65 6 387

Abutm

Base
ent
9 Live Load ( LL2 ) 21 -7 65 0 0 0 49 6 292
10 Live Load ( LL3 ) 41 -14 43 0 0 0 98 6 580
8 Live Load ( LL1 ) 27 -10 35 0 0 0 65 7 459

Abutm

Curtail
ment
ent
9 Live Load ( LL2 ) 21 -7 65 0 0 0 49 7 347
10 Live Load ( LL3 ) 41 -14 43 0 0 0 98 7 688

19. Summary of Normal Loads and other Loads at Abutment Base:

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.)

Description Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m
1 Dead Load ( DL ) 2983 -1044 2222 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
2 Dead Load ( SIDL ) 768 -269 572 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
3 Pedestal ( PD ) 10 -3 7 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
4 Abutment Cap ( AC ) 594 -483 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
5 Abutment Shaft ( AS ) 392 -10 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
6 Abutment Return Wal ( AR ) 273 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
7 Abutment Wing Wal ( AW ) 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0
8 Live Load ( LL1 ) 1362 -477 1753 223 2.50 556 0 0.00 0

Abutment
Base
9 Live Load ( LL2 ) 1028 -360 3237 206 2.50 515 0 0.00 0
10 Live Load ( LL3 ) 2040 -714 2132 86 2.50 215 0 0.00 0
11 Wind Load ( WL ) -187 0 0 38 2.50 95 152 4.86 740
12 Live Load ( LL1 ) 1362 -477 1753 223 2.50 556 0 0 0
Abutment
Curtailme
nt Point
13 Live Load ( LL2 ) 1028 -360 3237 206 2.50 515 0 0 0
14 Live Load ( LL3 ) 2040 -714 2132 86 2.50 215 0 0 0
15 Wind Load ( WL ) -187 0 0 38 2.50 95 152 4.86 740
16 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0 0 0 873 1.98 1733 0 0.00 0
Abutment
Base

17 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0 0 0 443 2.36 1048 0 0.00 0

18 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0 0 0 1119 1.98 1943 0 0.00 0
19 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0 0 0 568 2.36 1343 0 0.00 0
20 Earth Pressure Normal ( EP ) 0 0 0 873 1.98 1733 0 0.00 0
Abutment
Curtailme
nt Point

21 LL Surcharge Normal ( LLS ) 0 0 0 443 2.36 1048 0 0.00 0

21 Earth Pressure Seismic ( EP ) 0 0 0 1119 1.98 1943 0 0.00 0
22 LL Surcharge Seismic ( LLS ) 0 0 0 568 2.36 1343 0 0.00 0

20. Summary of Loads for Strength Check at Abutment:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 1.15 EP 1.50

Earth Pressure as Leading Load WL 0.90 LLS 1.20
Load Factors in Seismic Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 0.20 EP 1.00
Seismic Force as Leading Load WL 0.00 LLS 0.20 SE 1.50
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.35 SIDL 1.75 LL 1.15 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.50 LLS 1.20

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 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
Load at Abutment Base Ref :
Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6418 -2357 4818 2132 4581 137 666 2225 5484
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 6034 -2222 6524 2113 4534 137 666 2312 7191
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 6892 -2522 4933 1962 4189 137 666 1667 5600
Long Seismic Load Combinations ( Rl + 0.3Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5531 -2008 3294 4326 9457 539 1768 7449 5063
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5461 -1984 3604 4322 9449 532 1726 7465 5330
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 5672 -2629 5079 4367 9561 554 1855 6932 6934
Transv Seismic Load Combinations ( 0.3Rl + Rt + 0.3Rv ) [ Seismic Force Is Not Multiplied by 1.35 for Foundation, since R=1 ]Cl. 219.8, IRC: 6-2017
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5531 -2008 3294 2192 4463 1796 5895 2455 9189
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5461 -1984 3294 2189 4455 1772 5752 2471 9046
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 7304 -2629 4697 2233 4567 1845 6184 1938 10881
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6306 -2357 4818 1718 3772 229 1111 1416 5928
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5921 -2222 6524 1699 3724 229 1111 1502 7635
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 7086 -2629 5253 1561 3380 229 1111 750 6364

Load at Curtailment Point

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom
Load Combinations Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6418 -2357 4818 2132 4581 137 666 2225 5484
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 6034 -2222 6524 2113 4534 137 666 2312 7191
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 7198 -2629 5253 1962 4189 137 666 1560 5920
Long Seismic Load Combinations ( Rl + 0.3Rt + 0.3Rv )
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5531 -2005 3281 4298 9457 539 1768 7452 5050
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5461 -1981 3581 4322 9449 532 1726 7467 5307
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 5672 -2629 5079 4367 9561 554 1855 6932 6934
Transv Seismic Load Combinations ( 0.3Rl + Rt + 0.3Rv )
Comb 7 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5531 -2005 3281 2192 4463 1796 5895 2458 9176
Comb 8 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5461 -1981 3578 2189 4455 1772 5752 2473 9330
Comb 9 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 7304 -2629 5079 2233 4567 1845 6184 1938 11263
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 10 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6306 -2357 4818 1718 3772 229 1111 1416 5928
Comb 11 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5921 -2222 6524 1699 3724 229 1111 1502 7635
Comb 12 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 7086 -2629 5253 1561 3380 229 1111 750 6364

21. Summary of Loads for Stress Check at Abutment Base:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 LL 1.00 EP 1.00

Live Load as Leading Load WL 0.60 LLS 0.80
Load Factors in Wind Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 LL 0.75 EP 1.00
Wind Load as Leading Load WL 1.00 LLS 0.80

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom

Load Combinations at Abutment Base Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6270 -2285 4555 1473 3184 92 444 899 4999
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5935 -2168 6039 1457 3143 92 444 975 6483
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 6948 -2522 4933 1337 2843 91 444 321 5378
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5582 -2166 4116 1433 3083 153 740 917 4857
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5331 -2078 5229 1420 3052 152 740 974 5970
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 6600 -2522 4933 1330 2827 152 740 305 5674

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom

Load Combinations at Curtailment Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 6270 -2285 4555 1473 3184 92 444 899 4999
Comb 2 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5935 -2168 6039 1457 3143 92 444 975 6483
Comb 3 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 6948 -2522 4933 1337 2843 91 444 321 5378
Wind Load Combinations
Comb 4 ( DL+SIDL+LL1+EP+WL+LLS ) 5582 -2166 4116 1433 3083 153 740 917 4857
Comb 5 ( DL+SIDL+LL2+EP+WL+LLS ) 5331 -2078 5229 1420 3052 152 740 974 5970
Comb 6 ( DL+SIDL+LL3+EP+WL+LLS ) 6600 -2522 4933 1433 2827 152 740 305 5674

22. Summary of Loads for Crack Width Check at Abutment Base:

Load Factors in Normal Case DL 1.00 SIDL 1.20 EP 1.00

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom

Load Combinations at Abutment Base Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+EP ) 5020 -1808 2802 873 0 1733 0 0 0 -76 2802

Vertical Load H. Load ( Long.) H.Load ( Trans.) Result Mom

Load Combinations at Curtailment Axial V M-L M-T H-L L.A. M-L H-T L.A. M-T M-L M-T
kN kN-m kN-m kN m kN-m kN m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Normal Load Combinations
Comb 1 ( DL+SIDL+EP ) 5020 -1808 2802 873 0 1733 0 5 0 -76 2802

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 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
2.0 Live Load Calculation

Width of the structure =12.50 m Eccentricity of superstructure and foundation(transverse dirn.)

Width of the c/w-3 Lane =10.00 m 0.745

Width of the c/w-4 Lane m

Reduction Factor 2-lane = 1 70R Impact factor = 1.200

3-lane = 0.90 CLA Impact factor = 1.200
4-lane = 0.00

Considering Four Lanes of Carriageway

MAXIMUM TRANSVERSE MOMENT / REACTION CASE
(a) Class 70R (W) Loading
4.524 Abut Load Opp Load Eccentricity H.L
(kN) (kN) (m) (kN)
B A (abut side) 70R (W) -1stLane 1027.7 172.3 3.2 240.0
1200 KN 70R (W) -2ndLane 1027.7 172.3 -3.2 240.0
0.60 31.50 0.60 70R (W) -4Lane 0.0 0.0 0.0 300.0
70R (W) -2Lanes + Class A-1 Lane 924.9 155.1 3.2 273.2
RA = 1027.7 KN 70R (W) -2Lanes + Class A-2 Lanes 0.0 0.0 3.2 273.2
RB = 172.3 KN Class A-1 Lane + 70R (W) -2Lanes 924.9 155.1 0.9 273.2
Class A-2 Lanes + 70R (W) -2Lanes 0.0 0.0 -3.2 273.2

(b) Class A (1 Lane) Loading

8.491 Abut Load Opp Load Eccentricity H.L
(kN) (kN) (m) (kN)
B A (abut side) Class A-1 Lane 485.6 179.2 4.4 133.0
664.8 KN Class A-2 Lanes 971.2 358.4 2.7 166.2
0.60 31.50 0.6 Class A-3 Lanes 1311.1 483.8 0.9 199.4
Class A-4 Lanes 0.0 0.0 -0.8 232.7
70R (W) -2Lanes + Class A-1 Lanes 437.0 161.3 -2.7 273.2
RA = 485.6 70R (W) -2Lanes + Class A-2 Lanes 0.0 0.0 -4.4 273.2
RB = 179.2 KN Class A-1 Lane + 70R (W) -2Lanes 437.0 179.2 4.4 273.2
Class A-2 Lanes + 70R (W) -2Lanes 0.0 358.4 2.7 273.2

(c) SV Loading
13.650 Abut Load Opp Load Eccentricity
(kN) (kN) (m)
B A (abut side) SV loading 2040.0 1560.0 1.0
3600 KN

0.6 31.50 0.6

RA = 2040.0 KN
RB = 1560.0 KN
SUMMARY OF LIVE LOADS & MOMENTS

70R(W) + 70R(W) + CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L +

COMPONENTS 70R-1 (W) 70R-4 (W) CLASS A 3L CLASS A 4L SV Loading
CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L + 70R(W) 70R(W)

1.0 Vertical Load V 1027.7 0.0 1361.9 0.0 1361.9 0.0 1311.1 0.0 2040.0
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT 3.150 0.000 1.287 -0.521 2.004 -0.310 0.945 -0.805 1.045
3.0 Transverse Moment MT 3237.1 0.0 1753.1 0.0 2728.8 0.0 1239.0 0.0 2131.8
4.0 Longitudinal Ecc. eL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 Longitudinal Moment ML 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.0 Horizontal Braking HL 240.0 0.0 273.24 0.00 273.24 0.00 199.44 0.00 0.00

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 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
MINIMUM SUPPORT REACTION CASE
70R(W) + 70R(W) + CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L +
COMPONENTS 70R-1 (W) 70R-4 (W) CLASS A 3L CLASS A 4L SV Loading
CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L + 70R(W) 70R(W)
1.0 Vertical Load V 172.3 0.0 316.4 0.0 316.4 0.0 483.8 0.0 1560.0
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT 3.150 0.000 1.287 -0.521 2.004 -0.310 0.945 -0.805 1.045
3.0 Transverse Moment MT 542.9 0.0 407.3 0.0 633.9 0.0 457.2 0.0 1630.2
4.0 Longitudinal Ecc. eL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 Longitudinal Moment ML 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.0 Horizontal Braking HL 240.0 0.0 273.2 0.0 273.2 0.0 199.4 0.0 0.0

CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL CENTRIFUGAL FORCE DUE TO LIVE LOAD

2
Centrifugal Force C.F = WV
127R
V = Design speed = 100.00 km/hr
R = Radious of curvature = 1000000 m
W = Vertical Reation = 1.00 T
Hence C.F = 0.000 T/ 1 Tonne Load

70R(W) + 70R(W) + CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L +

COMPONENTS 70R-1 (W) 70R-4 (W) CLASS A 3L CLASS A 4L SV Loading
CLASS A 1L CLASS A 2L + 70R(W) 70R(W)
1.0 Vertical Load V (tonne) 120.0 0.0 167.8 0.0 167.8 0.0 179.5 0.0 360.0
CF Load - Normal Case C.F)Normal(kN) 0.09 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.28
CF Load - Seismic Case C.F)Seismic(kN) 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.06

SUMMARY OF BEARING REACTIONS DUE TO LL

Number of Bearings n = 4 Nos. 8.00 Nos. Opposing HF
d1 = -4.5 m G1 1.00 1.00 G1
d2 = -1.5 m G2 1.00 1.00 G2
d3 = 1.5 m G3 1.00 1.00 G3
d4 = 4.5 m G4 1.00 1.00 G4
Sdi2 = 45 m2

Summary of Force at Bearing Level :

COMPONENTS Max-V Max-ML Max-MT Max-H SV Loading
1.0 Vertical Load V 1362 1362 1028 1362 2040
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT 1.287 1.287 3.150 1.287 1.045
3.0 Transverse Moment MT 1753 1753 3237 1753 2132
A1 165.2 165.2 -66.8 165.2 296.8
4.0 Bearing Reaction for L.H.S Span
A2 282.0 282.0 149.0 282.0 438.9
RA=[1/n + eT*di/Sdi2]
A3 398.9 398.9 364.8 398.9 581.1
5.0 Longitudinal Horizontal Braking HL 273.24 273.24 240.00 273.24 0.00
Centrifugal Load HT 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.13 0.00
Opposite End Vert. Vopp. 316 316 172 316 1560

Design of Movement in Expansion Joint & Bearing

C\C of Bearing(Longitudinal) = 15.750 m (Half length considered)

C\C of Transverse = 3 m

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Longitudinal Translation
Due to Shrinkage Strain
Coefficient ofshrinkage = 1.90E-04
Translation due to Shrinkage Strain = 2.993 mm

Due to Temperature Strain

Temperature Diff. = 40 Degrees
Temperature Strain = 1.20E-05
Translation due to Temperature Strain
40 x 0.000012 x 15.75 x 1000 = 7.560 mm

Due to Creep Strain

Creep Strain = 4.00E-05
Translation due to Creep Strain
0.00004 x 15.75 x 1000 = 0.630 mm

Due to Elastic shortening Girder Composite

Mod. Of Elasticity = 32000000 32000000 kN/m2
Axial Prestress force applied = 5863 5026 kN
Area of conc. = 0.670 1.141 m2
Movement = 4.307 2.168 mm
Total Movement = 6.475 mm

Bearing Size 400.00 325.00 96.00 G= 0.90 MPa

Number of Bearings 4.00 No.

SHEAR RATING(Vr) = 4875.00 N/mm
Itc = 17.658 mm
Vr*Itc = 86.081 kN

Longitudinal Force at Bearing Calculation :

Particulars Max-V Max-ML Max-MT Max-H SV Loading
DL+SIDL-Fixed End (kN) 937.8 937.8 937.8 937.8 937.8
DL+SIDL-Free End (kN) 937.8 937.8 937.8 937.8 937.8
Type of Bearing-LHS Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric
Co-efficient of Friction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Normal Case
LL-Fixed end (kN) 1361.9 1361.9 1027.7 1361.9 2040.0
LL-Free End (kN) 316.4 316.4 172.3 316.4 1560.0
Braking-LHS (kN) 273.2 273.2 240.0 273.2 0.0
m(Rg+Rq)-LHS (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Longitudinal Load (kN) 222.7 222.7 206.1 222.7 86.1
Seismic Case
LL-Fixed end (kN) 272.4 272.4 205.5 272.4 408.0
LL-Free End (kN) 63.3 63.3 34.5 63.3 312.0
Braking-LHS (kN) 54.6 54.6 48.0 54.6 0.0
m(Rg+Rq)-LHS (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Longitudinal Load (kN) 113.4 113.4 110.1 113.4 86.1

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
1 -

1.1 f
f ck
y

bd
As 
d


1. Preamble (Abutment Shaft Design)

As per cl:7.6.4.1 of IRC:112-2011 Retaining walls,wing walls and abutments where ultimate axial load is less than
0.1*fcd*Ac may be designed as bending elements,neglecting axial load.
Thickness of abutment base = 0.6 m
Total width of abutment = 14.0 m
Area,Ac = 8.39 m2
So,0.1*fcd*Ac = 13123 kN
Max Axial Load = 7304 kN
Design as bending element,neglecting axial load.
2.0 Design Data
Thickness of stem at Top tt = 0.50 m
Thickness of stem at Bottom tb = 0.60 m
Total Height of stem h = 2.25 m
Width of stem b = 13.99 m
Clear Cover to Reinforcement c = 75 mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete fck = 35 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of steel fyk = 500 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete fctm = 0.259 * fck ^(2/3)
(IRC:112-2011, A-2) = 2.77 N / mm2
Design compressive strength of concrete fcd = 15.63 N / mm2
Material Safety Factor for Steel ϒs = 1.15
Design yield strength of steel fyd = 435 N / mm2

3.0 Design for Flexure Abutment Cap

Moment at base of Abutment Stem ML = 7465 kN m

Vertical Reinforcement at Inner Face of Stem Abutment Wall

Assume reinforcement Diameter = 25 0 mm
(Bundled) Spacing = 150 150 mm
deff prov = 512.5 mm
b = 13783 mm
Ast, Inner = 45138 mm2 Foundation
( 0.87 fy Ast )
xu / d =
( 0.36 fck b d )
( xu / d )prov = 0.22
( xu / d )lim = 0.46
Status = 1.00 Under Reinforced

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d * (1- ( Ast fy ) / ( b d fck ))

Mu = 9144 kN m OK
Usage = 82%
Vertical Reinforcement at Outer Face of Stem
NOTE - Provide Minimum Reinforcement at outer face of Stem

Ast, outer = 0.0012 * Ac ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.1(3))

= 0.0012×13783×0.600×1000
= 9924 mm2

Provide, 12 mm dia at 150 mm c/c at outer face of Stem

Ast, outer = 10292 mm2 OK

Check for Total Minimum and Maximum Vertical Reinforcement ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.1(2))

Ast, min = 0.0024 * Ac

= 0.0024×13783×0.600×1000
= 19848 mm2 OK

Ast, max = 0.04 * Ac

= 0.04×13783×0.600×1000
= 330792 mm2 OK
Ast (%) = 0.66%
Horizontal Reinforcement on Earth Face ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.2 )

A st, horz = 20% of Vertical Ast

= 11086 mm2
= 11086 mm2
Provide, 16 mm dia at 80 mm c/c at earth face

Ast, horz = 11316 mm2 OK

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Check for Transverse Reinforcement ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.3 )
Ast, provd = 55429 mm2
0.02 * Ac = 165396 mm2 > Ast, provd
Transverse links are Not Required

4.0 Design for Shear

Effective depth longitudinal dL eff = 513 mm
Width bw = 13783 mm
Design shear force,
VRd s = VNS = VEd = 4367 kN

0
Maximum Allowabe Shear Force ( for maximum shear force take Ɵ = 45 )
VRd.max = αcw x bw x z x v1 x (fcd/(cotƟ+tanƟ)) ( IRC:112-2011, cl. no. 10.3.3.2, Eq10.8)
where,
αcw = 1
z = lever arm = 0.90d (For RCC)
v1 is the strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v1 = 0.53 ( IRC:112-2011, Eq10.6 )
Ɵ= 21.8 (CotƟ = 2.5)
fcd is the design value of concrete compression strength =α cc x fck /ɣm ( IRC: 112-2011, cl. no. 10.3.1 )
αcc = 0.67 (Refer IRC:112-2011, Pg.87)
ɣm = 1.50 (Partial factors for concrete for ULS)
fcd = (αccxfck)/ɣm
= 15.6 N/mm2
VRd.max = 18240 kN Section is OK

Allowable Shear Force without Shear Reinforcement

VRd c = ( 0.12 x K (80 x ρ1 x fck )0.33 + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no.10.3.2(2))

But, VRd.c min = (vmin + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d

where, K= 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2, where d is the depth in mm.

VRd c = The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement.
vmin = 0.031 x K^3/2 x fck^1/2
σcp = Concrete compressive stress at the centroidal axis due to axial loading or prestressing.
ρ1 = Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement , = A st / (bw x d) <=0.02

K = 1.6
ρ1 = 0.0064
σcp = 0.0
VRd c min = 2683 kN
VRd c = 3568 kN
Shear Reinforcement is Required

Shear reinforcement area Dia Legs Spacing Area

8 92 400 mm 4622 mm2

Design yield strength of Shear Reinf ( fywd = 0.8 fywk, fywk = fyk/gs ) 348 MPa
Applied shear stress = V / 0.9bd = 0.69 MPa
Max allowable shear stress 0.225 v fck = 4.19 MPa OK
Limit of applied shear VED <=0.5bw d v fcd = 29389 > 4367 kN OK
Steel Shear capacity VRd.s = ( Asw / s ) z fywd cot q = 4635 kN
Status = OK

5.0 Check for Stresses and Crack Width

A) Properties of Abutment Stem
Width of Abutment Stem B = 13990 mm
Depth of Abutment Stem DS = 600 mm
Diameter of Tensile Reinforcement f = 25 mm
CG of section from Inner face Yinner = 300 mm
CG of section from Outer face Youter = 300 mm
Area of Steel Provided Ast, prov = 45138 mm2
Effective Depth at Stem bottom deff = 513 mm
Distance of N.A. from Outer face Xu = (0.87 fy * Ast) / (0.36 fck * b)

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= 111 mm
Modulus of elasticity for steel Es = 2E+05 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity for concrete Ecm = 3.2E+04 N/mm2
Long term Modular ratio (IRC:21-2000, cl. no. A.1) m = Es / ( 0.5 * Ec )
= 12.50

Properties of Gross Section Values Unit

Gross Area, Agr 8.39E+06 mm2
Gross Moment of Inertia, Igr 2.52E+11 mm4
Inner face
Properties of Uncracked Section b
YT out = ( b * D * D/2 ) + ( ( m - 1 ) * Ast * d )
( b * D ) + (( m - 1 ) * Ast ) (d - YT out) Ast d D

YT inn = D - YT out YT out

YsT = d - YT out Outer face

IT = ( b * D3/12 + b * D * ( D/2 - YT out )2 ) + (( m - 1 ) * Ast * ( d - YT out)2 )

Properties of Uncracked Transformed Section Values Unit

CG of Uncracked section from outer face,YT out 312 mm
CG of Uncracked section from Inner face,YT inn 288 mm
CG of Uncracked section from steel,YsT 200 mm
Uncracked Moment of Inertia, IT 2.74E+11 mm4
Inner face
Properties of Cracked Section b

b * Y2out Cr / 2 = m * Ast * ( d - Yout Cr ) (d - Yout Cr) Ast d

13990 *Y2out Cr /2 = 12.50 * 45138 * (513 - Yout Cr )
Yout Cr
6995 Y2out Cr + 564219 Yout Cr - 2.9E+08 = 0 Outer face
Yout Cr = 167 mm

Properties of Cracked Transformed Section Values Unit

CG of Cracked section from Outer face,Yout Cr 167 mm
CG of Cracked section from Inner face,Yinn Cr 433 mm
CG of Cracked section from steel,YsCr 346 mm
Cracked Moment of Inertia, Icr 8.91E+10 mm4

B) Calculation of Stresses for Abutment Stem

Permissible compressive stress in concrete = 0.48 x fck (IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 12.2.1)
= 16.8 N/mm2

Permissible Tensile stress in steel = 0.8 x fy (IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 12.2.2)

= 400 N/mm2
Bending Moment at bottom of Stem ( Rare Combination )
M Rare = 975 kN m
Stresses under Rare Combination
Comp stress in concrete at outer face, fcc = ( M / I )* Yout
2
= 1.11 N/mm OK

Tensile stress in concrete at steel level, fct, steel = (M / I )* Ys

2
= 0.71 N/mm

Tensile stress in steel, fst = m x [(M / I )* Ys ]

= 8.90 Mpa OK
C) Calculation of Crack Width for Abutment Stem
Permissible compressive stress in concrete = 0.36 x fck (IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 12.2.1)
2
= 12.6 N/mm

Bending Moment at bottom of Stem ( Quasi-permanent Combination )

Mquasi = -76 kN m

Cracking Moment of the Section, Mcr = Igr * fctm / Yb

= 2326 kN m
Mcr > Mquasi
Section is Uncracked. Hence, Crack Width Calculation is Not Required

Comp stress in concrete at outer face, fcc = ( M / I )* Yout

2
= -0.09 N/mm OK

Tensile stress in concrete at steel level, fct, steel = (M / I )* Ys

= -0.06 N/mm2 UNCRACKED

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Minimum Reinforcement for Crack control
As min = kc * k * fct,eff * Act (Refer IRC:112-2011, Cl 12.3.3)
ss
Where,
As min = Minimum area of reinforcing steel within the tensile zone
Act = Area of concrete within tensile zone
ss = Maximum stress permitted in the reinforcement immediately after formation of the crack
fct,eff = Mean value of tensile strength of the concrete = fctm
k= Coefficient which allows for the effect of non-uniform self equilibrium stresses
kc = Coefficient which takes account of stress distribution within the section just prior to cracking
kc = 0.4 x [ 1 - sc /( k1 x ( h/h* ) x fct,eff )]
Act = b * Yinner = 13990 x 288
= 4.02E+06 mm2
ss = 200 N / mm 2 ( IRC:112-2011, Table 12.2)
fct,eff = 0.259 * fck ^(2/3) ( IRC:112-2011, A2-2 )
2.77 N / mm 2

k = 0.65
kc = 0.4
As min = 14497 mm2
Ast, provd = 45138 mm2 OK

Calculation of Crack Width

Wk = Sr max ( esm - ecm ) ( IRC:112-2011, Cl 12.3.4)
Where,
Wk = Crack width
Sr max = Maximum crack spacing ( IRC:112-2011, Eq. 12.8, 12.11 or 12.12 )
Sr max = 3.4c + ( 0.425 * k1 * k2 * f / rr,eff )
f= Diameter of Main steel
c= Clear cover to lonfitudnal reinforcement
c = 75 mm
k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars
k2 = 0.5 for bending
f = 25 mm
esm = Mean strain in the reinforcement
ecm = Mean strain in the concrete between cracks
Now, esm - ecm = ssc - ( kt * fct,eff / rp,eff ) ( 1 + ae * rp,eff ) >= 0.6 ssc / Es
Es
Where, ssc = Stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section
ae = Es / Ecm
rr,eff = As / Ac,eff
Ac,eff = Effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = b w * hc,eff
hc,eff is the lesser of = 2.5 ( D - d )
= ( D - x )/ 3
= D/2
kt = Factor dependent on duration of load
hc,eff = 219 mm
Ac,eff = 3.06E+06 mm2
rp,eff = 0.01475
kt = 0.5
ssc = -1 N / mm2
fct,eff = 2.77 N / mm2
ae = 6.25
esm - ecm = 0.00000
Sr max = 543.1 mm OK
Wk = -0.001 mm < 0.3 mm ( IRC:112-2011, Table 12.1 )

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1. Material Data: Ref :
Density of Concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
Bulk Density of soil = 20.00 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Charecteristic strength of reinforcement ( f yk ) = 500 MPa Table 18.1, IRC 112
Partial factor of safety for steel ( gs ) = 1.150 Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112
Design value for tensile strength ( f yd = fyk/gs ) = 435 MPa Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es ) = 200 GPa Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112
Grade of Concrete = M 35
Charecteristics compressive strength ( fck ) = 35 MPa Table 6.5, IRC 112
a = 0.670 Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112
Concrete material factor ( gm ) = 1.500 Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112
Design value for concrete compressive strength ( f cd = afck/gm ) = 15.63 MPa Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete ( Ecm ) = 32 GPa

2. Load on Toe Slab and Heel Slab for Strength Check :

Face of Stem Face of Stem
L
deff L
GL GL

D2 Toe DF

D1 Toe

P2 P2
P1 P1

For Shear on Toe Slab

For Flexure on Toe Slab

Face of Stem
GL 0.800
0.300
L

D2 H
2.500 0.600 2.300

Heel
HEEL 5.40 TOE
D1

P1
P2
Normal Seismic Normal Seismic
Load Comb. Load Comb. Load Comb. Load Comb.
For Flexure / Shear on Heel Slab
1 4 2 7
Toe Slab Heel Slab
Moment at face of Stem Unit
Normal Seismic Normal Seismic
Max Base Pressure at Toe Tip = 230 323 235 246 kN/m2
Min Base Pressure at Heel Tip = 103 -12 107 127 kN/m2
Soil Pressure at Tip ( P1 ) = 230 323 107 127 kN/m2
Soil Pressure at Face of Pier ( P2 ) = 176 180 166 182 kN/m2
Cantilever Length ( L ) = 2.30 2.30 2.50 2.50 m
Total Upward Force = 467 579 342 387 kN
Dist of CG of Upward Force = 1.20 1.26 1.16 1.18 m
Upward Moment ( M1 ) = 561 729 396 455 kN-m
b) Due to Self Wt of Foundation
Foundation Pressure at Tip = 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 kN/m2
Foundation Pressure at Abutment Face = 28 28 28 28 kN/m2
Cantilever Length ( L ) = 2.30 2.30 2.50 2.50 m
Total Downward Force = 40 40 44 44 kN
Dist of CG of Downward Force = 0.93 0.93 1.01 1.01 m
Load Factor for Strength Check = 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
Downward Moment ( M2 ) = 51 51 60 60 kN-m

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c) Due to Soil above Foundation
Ref :
Depth of Foundation below GL / Scour LVL = 4.0 4.0 5.8 5.8 m
Soil Pressure at Tip = 74 74 111 111 kN/m2
Soil Pressure at Stem Face = 58 58 95 95 kN/m2
Cantilever Length ( L ) = 2.30 2.30 2.50 2.50 m
Total Downward Force = 152 152 256 256 kN
Dist of CG of Downward Force = 1.20 1.20 1.28 1.28 m
Load Factor for Strength Check = 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00
Downward Moment ( M3 ) = 272 182 493 329 kN-m
Net Moment per m width ( M1-M2-M3) = 238 496 -157 66 kN-m
Depth of Foundation at Tip D1 = 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 m
Depth of Foundation at Tapper D2 = 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 m
Depth of Neutral Axis = 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076 m
Total Depth of Slab ( D = D1 + D2 ) = 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 m
Clear Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) = 75 75 75 75 mm
Dia of Reinforcement ( f ) = 20 20 20 20 mm
Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) = 150 150 150 150 mm
Dia of Reinforcement ( f ) = 0 0 0 0 mm
Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) = 150 150 160 160 mm
Area of Reinforcement ( At ) = 2198 2198 2198 2198 mm2
Reinforcement ( % ) = 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
Min Reinf As min = 0.26fctm/fyk bd or 0.0013bd = 1478 1478 1478 1478 mm2 Eq 16.1, IRC 112
fctm = = 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800 Table 6.5, IRC 112
Status = OK OK OK OK
Shear at deff for Toe / at Face for Heel Normal Seismic Normal Seismic
Depth of Section ( D' ) = 0.747 0.747 1.100 1.100 m
Soil Pressure at Tip ( P1 ) = 230 323 -11 9 kN/m2 Reduction of Shear due
Soil Pressure at deff from Face of Stem / Face ( P2 ) = 193 227 0 0 kN/m2 to soil and Foundation
Cantilever Length ( L ) 1.553 1.553 2.500 2.500 m has been neglected
Total Upward Shear ( VEd ) = 329 427 14 11 kN in Toe side
Dia of Shear Reinforcement ( f ) = 10 10 0 0 mm
Spacing of leg / link = 200 200 200 200 mm
Number of leg / link m width = 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.00

3. Strength Check of Toe Slab:

Toe Slab Heel Slab
a ) Flexure
Normal Seismic Normal Seismic
Effective depth of section ( d = D - c - f/2 ) = 1.015 1.015 1.015 1.015 m
Max Strain on concrete in compression ( ecu3 ) = 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 Table 6.5, IRC 112
Max Strain on reinforcement in tension ( es = 0.002 + fyd /Es ) = 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042
Max Depth of NA from comp flange [ xulim = ecu3 /( ecu3+es )] = 0.456 0.456 0.456 0.456 d
l = 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Eq A2-33 & 34, IRC 112
h = 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Eq A2-35 & 36, IRC 112
Max Depth of Stress Block lx = 0.365 0.365 0.365 0.365 d
Total Compression Force ( Fc = lxhfcd b) = 5.704 5.704 5.704 5.704 bd
Lever arm ( z = d - lx/2) = 0.818 0.818 0.818 0.818 d
Limiting value of R = 4.664 4.664 4.664 4.664
Required Depth of Slab [ (Mulim /Rb)^0.5 ] = 0.226 0.326 0.183 0.119 m
Status = OK OK OK OK
Depth of neutral axis from compression flange ( x ) = 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076 m
Depth of Stress Block lx = 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 d
Status = OK OK OK OK
Total Compression Force ( Fc = lxhfcd b) = 956 956 956 956 kN
Total Tension Force ( Fs = fyd At) = 956 956 956 956 kN
Difference = 0 0 0 0 m
Depth of lever arm ( z = d - lx/2) = 0.984 0.984 0.984 0.984 m
Macro 7
Moment of Resistance ( Fc z ) = 941 941 941 941 kN-m
Status = OK OK OK OK
b ) Shear
Effective depth of section ( d = D - c - f/2 ) = 0.662 0.662 1.015 1.015 m
av = 2.0 2.000 2.000 2.000 d
bv = av/2d = 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.000 Cl 10.3.2, IRC 112
Modefied Ved = b VEd = 329 427 14 11 kN
Concrete Shear capacity VRd.c = [ 0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bd = 208 208 319 319 kN Cl 10.3.2, IRC 112
Min Conc Shear capacity VRd.c min = (nmin+0.15scp)bd = 211 211 323 323 kN Cl 10.3.2, IRC 112
Concrete Shear capacity VRd.c = 211 211 323 323 kN
K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2 = 1.444 1.444 1.444 1.444 Eq 10.2, IRC 112
nmin = 0.031K1.5fck0.5 = 0.318 0.318 0.318 0.318 Eq 10.3, IRC 112
scp = = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
r1 = At /bd <= 0.02 = 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
Status = SF Reqd SF Reqd SF not Reqd SF not Reqd
Balance Shear Force =
Area of Shear Reinf ( Asw ) = 392.70 392.70 0.00 0.00 mm2
Design yeild strength of Shear Reinf ( f ywd = fyk/gs ) = 435 435 435 435 mPa
Cot q = 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Steel Shear capacity VRd.s = ( Asw / s ) z fywd cot q = 1745 1745 0 0 kN Eq 10.7, IRC 112
Status =
Max Shear capacity VRd.max = acwbzv1[fcd/(cot q + Tan q )] = 2644 2644 2644 2644 Eq 10.8, IRC 113
v1 = = 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
acw = = 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Shear capacity VRd = Min of ( VRd.s & VRd.max ) = 1745 1745 0 0
Status = OK OK OK OK

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4. Stress and Crack Width Check of the Section: Ref :

Toe Slab Heel Slab

Moment at face of Stem Unit
Stress Crack Stress Crack
Max Base Pressure at Toe Tip = 191 134 191 134 kN/m2
Min Base Pressure at Heel Tip = 132 129 132 129 kN/m2
Soil Pressure at Tip ( P1 ) = 191 134 132 129 kN/m2
Soil Pressure at Face of Pier ( P2 ) = 166 132 159 131 kN/m2
Cantilever Length ( L ) = 2.30 2.30 2.50 2.50 m
Total Upward Force = 410 306 364 325 kN
Dist of CG of Upward Force = 1.18 1.15 1.21 1.25 m
Upward Moment due to Base Pressure ( M1 ) = 483 353 441 406 kN-m
Downward Moment due to Foundation wt ( M 2 ) = 37 37 44 44 kN-m
Downward Moment due to Soil wt ( M3 ) = 182 182 329 329 kN-m
Net Moment per m width ( M1-M2-M3) = 264 133 68 33 kN-m
Total Width of Section = 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0
Concrete Cross Sectional Area ( Ac ) = 1100000 1100000 1100000 1100000 mm2
Perimeter in contact with atmosphere ( u ) = 4200 4200 4200 4200 mm
Notional Size = 524 524 524 524 mm
Final Creep Co-efficient of 28 days ( Ø) = 1.734 1.734 1.734 1.734
Final time for creep calculation, t = 25550 25550 25550 25550
Final Creep Co-efficient of 28 days [ RH - 80% ] ( f ) = 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73
Relative Humidity, RH = 50 % 50 % 50 % 50 % Table 6.9 & RH =
Coefficient to consider influence of the conc strength, α1 = (43.75/fcm)0.7= 0.980 0.980 0.980 0.980 80%
Coefficient to consider influence of the conc strength, α2 = (43.75/fcm)0.2= 0.994 0.994 0.994 0.994
Coefficient to consider influence of the conc strength, α3 = (43.75/fcm)0.5= 0.986 0.986 0.986 0.986
Factor to allow for the effect of relative humidity, fRH = (1+ (1-RH/100)/0.1(ho)1/3
= 1.62) for fcm ≤1.62
45MPa &(1+ 1.62
(1-RH/100) x1.62
α1/0.1(ho)1/3 )α2 for fcm > 45MPa
Factor to allow for effect of conc age at loading, b (to) = 1/(0.1+t00.2) = 0.488 0.488 0.488 0.488
Factor to allow for effect of conc strength, b (fcm) = 18.78/√fcm = 2.800 2.800 2.800 2.800
fo = fRH b(fcm) b(to) = 2.216 2.216 2.216 2.216
fcm = 45 45 45 45
Coefficient depending on RH and member size (for deck), bH =1.5[1+(0.012RH)18]h0+250
= 1500 1500≤1500 for1500
fcm≤ 45 & 1.5[1+(0.012RH)18]h0+250a3
1500 ≤1500α3 for fcm> 45
Coefficient to describe the development of creep with time, bc(t,to) = [(t-to)/(bH+t-to)]0.3
0.983 0.983 0.983 0.983
Creep coefficient, f (t,to) = f0.bc(t,t0) = 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18
Effective Modulus of Elasticity of Conc. ( E eff ) = 11.71 11.71 11.71 11.71
Modular ratio ( m ) = 17086.64 17086.64 17086.64 17086.64
Cl 6.4.2.5, IRC 112
Allowable stress in steel = 400 400 400 400 MPA
Allowable stress in concrete = 16.8 12.6 16.8 12.6 MPa
Position of neutural axis from comp face ( x ) = 1002 1002 1002 1002 mm
MoA of compression area = 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 mm3
MoA of tension area = 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 5.02E+08 mm3
Diff = 0 0 0 0 Macro 8
MOI of cracked section = 3E+11 3E+11 3E+11 3E+11 mm4
Stress in tension reinf = 176 89 45 22 MPa
Status = OK OK OK OK
Stress in concrete = 0.77 0.39 0.20 0.10 MPa
Status = OK OK OK OK

Crack Width Check UNIT

Effective area of concrete in tension surrounding
the reinforcement, Ac,eff = b x hc,eff = 170000 170000
Depth of concrete in tension hc,eff = = 170 170 mm
ae = Es / Ecm = 6.25 6.25
rr,eff = = 0.013 0.013
kt = A factor dependent on the duration of the load = 0.5 0.5 Cl 12.3.4, IRC 112
where, fctm(t) = (bcc(t))a x fctm =
and the value of fctm is = = 2.8 2.8 Table 6.5, IRC 112
t = Age of concrete in days = = 28 28 days
t1 = = 1 1 days
S = Co-efficient depends on type of cement = = 0.25 0.25
So, bcc(t) = e ^ [S x (1 - (28/(t/t1))^0.5] = 1.000 1.000
fct,eff = fctm (t) = 2.8 2.8
Maximum Crack Spacing, Sr,max = 3.4c +( 0.425xk1xk2xf)/rr,eff = 518 518 mm
k1 = = 0.8 0.80
k2 = = 0.5 0.50
f= = 20 20 mm
As per Eq 12.6 of IRC: 112-2011
esm -ecm = ((ssc - (kt x fct,eff x (1 + ae x rr,eff))/rr,eff))/Es = 0.000267 0.000065
Crack width ( wk ) = 0.139 0.034 < 0.3 mm
Status = OK OK

Minimum Area of Reinforcement for Crack Control (as per Cl. 12.3.3 of IRC:112 - 2011)

Ned= Axial Force In Serviceability Limit State = 0 0

Ned,Tensile or Compresive = C C
sc=Ned/bh = 0 0
k1 = 1.5 1.5
h* = 1000 1000
For Rectangular Section with bending the value of kc is :--
0.4 x {1 - sc/(k1 x (h/h*) x fct,eff)} = 0.4 0.4
Co-efficient which allows for the effect of non-uniform self
=
equilibrating stress, k = 1 1
Minimum area of Reinf. Reqd. = 381 381
Area of steel provided = 2198 2198
Status = OK OK

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1.0 Design of Return Wall (Supported on Adjacent Sides)
1.1 INPUTS
Depth of Return Wall = 0.50 m
ka = 0.279
g = 2.000 t/m2
Live load Surcharge = 1.2 m
RECTANGULAR PART
a = 2.500

a= 2.500
b/2 = 2.363
b = 4.726

hence a > b/2

Q1=ka*g*SHt Q2=ka*g*b

The end return wall has been designed as a plate fixed on its two faces i.e. at the base and on one of its vertical sides.

Uniform load due to live load surcharge over entire plate

Height Length
of return of return Q1
S.NO. "a/b" (at x=a & z=0) Mb1
wall (m) wall (m) b1 b2 g1 g2 (at x=0 & z=b) Ma1 (t-m/m)
(t/m2) (t-m/m)
"b" "a"
1 4.73 2.50 0.529 0.671 0.702 0.696 0.904 0.589 -1.75 -1.74

Varying load due to earth pressure over entire plate

"a/b" Q2 (at x=a & z=0) Mb2 (at x=0 & z=0.6b) Ma2 (t-
b1 b2 g1 g2
(t/m2) (t-m/m) m/m)

0.529 2.641 0.352 0.209 0.491 0.199 -3.46 -2.05

(at x=a & z=0) Mb1 Ultimate Limit State Basic SLS Rare SLS Quasi-Permanent
(t-m/m) Factor Force Moment Factor Force Moment Factor Force Moment
Live Load Surcharge 1.20 0.805 2.104 0.80 0.536 1.402 0.00 0.000 0.000
Active Earth Pressure 1.50 3.961 5.19 1.00 2.641 3.46 1.00 2.641 3.46
Total 5 7 3 5 3 3

(at x=0 & z=0.4b) Ma1 Ultimate Limit State Basic SLS Rare SLS Quasi-Permanent
(t-m/m) Factor Force Moment Factor Force Moment Factor Force Moment
Live Load Surcharge 1.20 0.805 2.085 0.80 0.536 1.390 0.00 0.000 0.000
Active Earth Pressure 1.50 3.961 3.08 1.00 2.641 2.05 1.00 2.641 2.05
Total 5 5 3 3 3 2

2.0 DESIGN INPUTS

Characteristic Strength of Concrete (f ck) = 35.0 Mpa

fav = 12.5 Mpa
Design strength of Steel (fyk ) = 500 Mpa
Design Strength of Concrete (fcd ) = 15.6 Mpa IRC-112-6.4.2.8
Mean tensile strength of Concrete (f ctm) = 2.80 Mpa
Elastic modulus of Steel (Es) = 200 Gpa
Ec.eff = 32 Gpa

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h = 1.00 IRC-112 -A2.9
l = 0.80
b = 0.40
Material safety factor,ϒs = 1.15 IRC-112 -6.2.2
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Bar dia to be used = 16 mm

3.0 CHECK FOR FLEXURE

Moment Moment
SECTION
(KN-m) (KN-m)
DESIGN SAGGING 72.97 51.64
b 1000 1000
d 417.0 417.0
Kav = M/bd2f av (for Bottom) 0.0336 0.0237
x= ((1+sqrt(1-4bKav))/(2*b))*d (mm) 14.19 10.00
Xlim 0.0035/(0.0035+0.00217)*d 257.23 257.23
Remarks OK OK
Z for bottom (mm) = d-bx 411.3 413.0
As required for Bottom (mm2) 408.0 287.6
Minimum Ast required of ((0.26*fctm/fyk bt*d),(0.0013*bt*d)) 607.2 607.2
As provided at Bottom (mm2) 1340.4 1340.4
Remarks for Bottom As OK OK

Primary Longitudinal Reinforcement :-

Provided 16 dia @ 150 c/c

Ast provided 1340 mm2/m

Primary Horizontal Reinforcement :-

Provided 16 dia @ 150 c/c

Ast provided 1340 mm2/m

Secondary Transverse Reinforcement :-

2
Required Reinforcement 268.08 mm /m
Provided 12 dia @ 150 c/c
2
Ast provided 753.98 mm /m OK

4.0 CHECK FOR SHEAR

If VRd.c>= VED Not required Design shear reinforcement

VRd.c = The design shear resistance without shear reinf.
VED = The design Shear Force at c/s resulting from external loading & that due to Pre-stressing Vpd

VRd.c = [0.12*K*(80r1*fck)0.33 +0.15*scp] *bw*d ….ref. cl. 10.3.2 (pg-88) of IRC:112-2011

subjected to a minimum of vRd.c = (vmin + 0.15scp)bw*d
K = 1+sqrt(200/d) ≤ 2.0 where d = eff. depth in mm
r1 = Asl / (bw*d) ≤ 0.02
Asl = Area of the tensile reinf which extends not les than (lbd+d) beyond the consider section.
bw = minimum breadth of the section over the depth
fck = characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days
rcp = is the mean compressive stress , measured positive, in the concrete due to design axial force. This should be obtained by
averaging it over the concrete section taking account of the reinforcement.
NED = Applied longitudinal force in the section due to loading or prestressing with proper load factors.

Depth of toe at deff from A-A mm 417.0

Effective depth of toe at deff from A-A mm 417.0
K= 1.693
Asl = mm2/m 1340

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bw = mm 1000
r1 = 0.0032
fck = Mpa 35.0
fcd = Mpa 15.63
NED = t 0.00
scp = NED/ Ac = Mpa 0.00
OK
scp < 0.2*fcd = Mpa 3.127
VRd.c = kN/m 175
vRd.c minimum= (vmin + 0.15scp)bw*d
vmin = 0.031*K3/2*fck1/2 = 0.404
vRd.c minimum = kN/m 168.4
So, The Design Shear Resistance without shear reinf. V Rd.c = kN/m 174.9
VED = kN/m 47.7
OK

5.0 CHECK FOR STRESS

SECTION- SMALLER EDGE Rare Quasi

Design Moment kN-m 34 21
b mm 1000 1000
d mm 417.0 417.0
2
Minimum Ast required of ((0.26*fctm/fyk bt*d),(.0013*bt*d))mm 607.2 607.2
2
As provided at Bottom (mm ) mm2 1340.4 1340.4
mm 75.21 75.21
mm4 1.8E+08 1.8E+08
sc (Top) (Mpa) mPa 2.311 1.378
ss (Top) (Mpa) mPa 65.64 39.13
Check concrete OK OK
Check Steel OK OK

SECTION - LONGER EDGE Rare Quasi

Design Moment kN-m 49 35
b mm 1000 1000
d mm 417.0 417.0
2
Minimum Ast required of ((0.26*fctm/fyk bt*d),(.0013*bt*d))mm 607.2 607.2
2
As provided at Bottom (mm ) mm2 1340.4 1340.4
mm 75.21 75.21
mm4 1.8E+08 1.8E+08
sc (Top) (Mpa) mPa 3.265 2.324
ss (Top) (Mpa) mPa 92.75 66.01
Check concrete OK OK
Check Steel OK OK

6.0 CHECK FOR CRACK Smaller Longer

Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm) mm 0.079 0.134 OK
Sr,max = Maximum crack spacing (3.4c+0.425k1k2j/rr.eff) mm 676.1 676.1
= where spacing of bonded reinforcement with in the tension mm 415.0 415.0
j = is the bar diameter.Where different diameters are used in mm 16.00 16.00
C = Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement mm 75.00 75.00
K1 = is the co-efficient which takes account of the bond 0.800 0.800
K2 = is a co-fficient which takes into account of the distribution 0.500 0.500
ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff)
(esm-ecm) = Es >=0.6 ssc / Es 0.00012 0.00020
ssc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a Mpa 39.13 66.01
ae = is the ratio Es/Ec 6.25 6.25
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff 0.0065 0.0065
Ac.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the mm2 207500.0 207500.0
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked b (mm) 475 475
2 half of section depth,h/2, or h (mm) 250 250
3 2.5*(h-d) d (mm) 208 208
x (mm) 75.2 75.2
As = Area of tension reinforcement mm2 1340 1340
fct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete Mpa 2.80 2.80

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1 Design of Dirt Wall
1.1 Design Data
Thickness of dirtwall t = 0.350 m
Height of dirtwall h = 2.475 m
Unit weight of soil fill gfill = 20 kN/m3
Co-efficient of active earth prerssure ka = 0.279
Clear Cover to Reinforcement c = 75 mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete fck = 35 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of steel fyk = 500 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete = 0.259 * fck ^(2/3)
(IRC:112-2011, A-2) = 2.77 N / mm2

0.350 m

2.47 m

13.83 6.71

Earth Pressure diagram

1.2 Force Calculation

Total Braking force on Dirt Wall =0.2×200 = 40.0 kN

12.5
10 T 10 T
1.7

2.79m 1.8
2.47 m

1.70 m 2.79 m 2.47 m 5.54 m

12.50 m

Transverse Section of Dirt Wall

Pressure
2
Earth Pressure due to LL surcharge =0.279×20 ×1.2 = 6.705 kN/m
2
Active Earth Pressure =0.279×20 ×2.475 = 13.828 kN/m

Force
Force at the base due to LL surcharge =6.705×2.475 = 16.59 kN/m
Force due to Active Earth Pressure =0.5×13.828×2.475 = 17.11 kN/m
Force due to Braking =40/12.5 = 3.20 kN/m

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Moment
Moment at the base due to LL surcharge =16.594×2.475/2 = 20.53 kN m/m
Moment due to Active Earth Pressure =17.111×0.42×2.475 = 17.78 kN m/m
Moment due to Braking Force =3.20×(2.47475+1.2) = 11.76 kN m/m

1.3 Design for Flexure

Load Factors ( Refer IRC: 6-2010, Table 3.2 )

Load Factor for Live Load Surcharge = 1.5 ( Accompanying load )

Load Factor for Earth Pressure = 1.5 ( Leading load )
Load Factor for Braking = 1.5 ( Accompanying load )

Design Bending Moment ( Basic Combination : Earth pressure leading )

Moment at base of the Dirt Wall; ML = (20.53×1.5)+(17.78×1.5)+(11.76×1.5)

= 75 kN m/m
Vertical Reinforcement at Inner Face of Dirt Wall
Assume reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Spacing = 150 mm
deff prov = 269 mm
b = 1000 mm
Ast, Inner = 754 mm2 / m
xu / d = ( 0.87 fy Ast )
( 0.36 fck b d ) ( xu / d )prov = 0.10
( xu / d )lim = 0.46
Check = 1.00 Under Reinforced

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d * (1- ( Ast fy ) / ( b d fck )) Mu = 84.7 kN m/m SAFE

Usage = 88.69%
Vertical Reinforcement at Outer Face of Dirt Wall
NOTE - Provide Minimum Reinforcement at outer face of Dirt Wall

Ast, outer = 0.0012 * Ac ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.1(3))

= 0.0012×1000×0.350×1000
= 420 mm2 / m
Provide, 12 mm dia at 150 mm c/c at outer face of Dirt Wall

Ast, outer = 754 mm2 / m SAFE

Check for Total Minimum and Maximum Vertical Reinforcement ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.1(2))
Ast, min = 0.0024 * Ac
= 0.0024×1000×0.350×1000
= 840 mm2 / m SAFE

Ast, max = 0.04 * Ac

= 0.04×1000×0.350×1000
= 14000 mm2 / m SAFE

Horizontal Reinforcement on Either Face ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no. 16.3.2 )

A st, horz = 25% of Total Vertical Ast OR 0.001 * Ac

= 377 mm2 / m OR 350 mm2 / m
= 377 mm2 / m
Provide, 10 mm dia at 200 mm c/c at either face

Ast, horz = 785 mm2 / m SAFE

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Check for Transverse Reinforcement
Ast, provd = 1508 mm2 / m
0.02 * Ac = 7000 mm2 / m < Ast, provd
Transverse links are Not Required

1.4 Design for Shear

Effective depth longitudinal dL eff = 269 mm

Width bw = 1000 mm
Design shear force,
VRd s = VNS = VEd = (16.59×1.5)+(17.11×1.5)+(3.20×1.5)
= 55 kN / m
0
Maximum Allowabe Shear Force ( for maximum shear force take Ɵ = 45 )
VRd.max = αcw x bw x z x v1 x (fcd/(cotƟ+tanƟ)) ( IRC:112-2011, cl. no. 10.3.3.2, Eq10.8)
where,
αcw = 1
z = lever arm = 0.9d (For RCC)
v1 is the strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v1 = 0.53 ( IRC:112-2011, Eq10.6 )
Ɵ= 45 (CotƟ = 1)
fcd is the design value of concrete compression strength =α cc x fck /ɣm ( IRC: 112-2011, cl. no. 10.3.1 )
αcc = 0.67 (Refer IRC:112-2011, Pg.87)
ɣm = 1.50 (Partial factors for concrete for ULS)
fcd = (αccxfck)/ɣm
2
= 15.6 N/mm
VRd.max = 1007 kN / m Section is Safe

Allowable Shear Force without Shear Reinforcement

VRd c = ( 0.12 x K (80 x ρ1 x fck )0.33 + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d ( IRC:112-2011, cl.no.10.3.2(2))

But, VRd.c min = (vmin + 0.15 x σcp) bw x d

where, K= 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2, where d is the depth in mm.

VRd c = The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement.
vmin = 0.031 x K^3/2 x fck^1/2
σcp = Concrete compressive stress at the centroidal axis due to axial loading or prestressing.
ρ1 = Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement , = A st / (bw x d) <=0.02

K = 1.9
ρ1 = 0.0028
σcp = 0
VRd c min = 125 kN / m
VRd c = 119 kN / m
Shear Reinforcement is Not Required

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