Research

Assignment
1.) Discuss the different measures of central tendency and give their formula. Give example problem
and calculation for each.
a. Median – the median is a number that divides an ordered set in half. The median is defined as the
middle score in a data set. It is the score that falls at the 50th percentile, resulting in equal number of
scores above and below it. To find the median it is necessary to arrange the data (X) in descending
(highest to lowest X) or ascending order (lowest to highest X).
!"#
Formula: 𝑀𝑑 = [ ]
$
Where: 𝑀𝑑 = location of the median
𝑛 = number of cases
Median for Odd Sample: The median is the middle number when the data are arranged in order.
Median for Even Sample: When there are even samples, the median is the mean of the two middle
numbers.
Example:
• #1: The number of books borrowed in the library from Monday to Friday last week were 58, 60,
54, 35 and 97. Find the median.
Solution: Arrange the number of books borrowed in increasing order.
35, 54, 58, 60, 97
The median is 58.
• #2: Cora’s quizzes for the second quarter are 8, 7, 6, 10, 9, 5, 9, 6, 10 and 7. Find the median
Solution: Arrange the scores in increasing order.
5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10
Since the number of measures is even, then the median in the average of the two middle scores.
%"&
𝑀𝑑 = = 7.5
$
Median of Grouped Data
In computing for the median of grouped data, the following formula is used:
∑𝑓
− 𝑐𝑓
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑙𝑏'( + 1 2 7 𝑖
𝑓'(
Where: 𝑙𝑏'( is the lower boundary of the median class
𝑓 is the frequency of each class
𝑐𝑓 is the cumulative frequency of the lower class next to the median class
𝑓'( is the frequency of the median class
𝑖 is the class interval

Example: Compute the median of the scores of the students in a Mathematics IV test.
Class Interval f <cf

46 – 50 1 48
41 – 45 5 47
36 – 40 11 42
MC 31 – 35 12 31
26 – 30 11 19
21 – 25 5 8
16 – 20 2 3
11 – 15 1 1
𝑖 = 5 ∑ 𝑓 = 48
48
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = 24𝑡ℎ
2
𝑙𝑏'( = 30.5
∑ 𝑓 = 48
𝑐𝑓 = 19
𝑓'( = 12
𝑖 = 5
∑"
) (+
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑙𝑏'( + B # C 𝑖
+$%
&'
)#,
#
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 30.5 + B C (5)
#$
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 30.5 + 2.08
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 32.58

b. Mode – denoted Mo, is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of measurements or values. In
other words, it is the most popular value in a given set.
Example: The sizes of 9 classes in a certain school are 50, 52, 55, 50, 51, 54, 55, 53, and 54.
Answer: The modes are 54 and 55 since the two measures occurred the same number of times. The
distribution is bimodal.
Mode of Grouped Data
The mode of grouped data can be approximated using the following formula:
-(
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙𝑏'( + G H 𝑖
-(-#
Where: 𝑙𝑏'( is the lower boundary between the frequencies of the modal class
𝐷# is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the next lower class.
𝐷$ is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the next upper class.
𝑖 is the class interval.
The modal class is the class with the highest frequency. If binomial classes exist, any of these classes may
be considered as modal class.
Example: Compute the mode of the scores of the students in a Mathematics IV test.
Class Interval f
46 – 50 1
41 – 45 5
36 – 40 11
Mo 31 – 35 12
26 – 30 11
21 – 25 5
16 – 20 2
11 – 15 1
𝑖 = 5
Modal class = 31 – 35
𝑙𝑏'( = 30.5
𝐷# = 12 − 11 = 1
𝐷$ = 12 − 11 = 1
𝑖 = 5
-(
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙𝑏'( + G H 𝑖
-(" -#
#
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 30.5 + G H (5)
#"#
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 30.5 + 2.5

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 33
c. Midrange – is found by adding the lowest and highest values in the data set and dividing by 2. The
midrange is a rough estimate of the middle value of the data. The symbol that is used to represent the
midrange is MR.
Example: Last winter, the city of New York, reported the following number of water-line breaks per
month. The data is as follows: 2, 3, 6, 8, 4, 1. Find the midrange.
(/012'3' 40536"/2!2'3' 40536)
𝑀𝑅 =
$
&"#
𝑀𝑅 = = 4.5
$
2.) What is the measure of Dispersion? Define Range.
Ø Measures of dispersion provide information about the spread of a variable’s values. There are
four key measure of dispersion:
• Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
• Skew
Ø Range is simply the difference between the smallest and largest values in the data. The
interquartile range is the difference between the values of the 75th percentile and the 25th
percentile of the data.
3.) What would be your analysis of the following data:
a. The opinion of 50 MHAM Doctor respondents showed that 40 of them are in favor of
COVID vaccination while the rest are not.
Opinion of respondents Frequency (f) Proportion (P) Percentage (%)
1. In favor of COVID 40 0.8 80%
vaccination
2. Not in favor 10 0.2 20%
Total 50 1.00 100%

b. Compute the percentage of 100 MHAM Medical students who are interested of the Face
to Face classes this August 2021. 68 said they are interested.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 68)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥 100 = 68%
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 (100)

c. Prepare the frequency distribution of 100 Medical students whose ages from 25-35 who
are willing to be vaccinated.

Frequency Distribution of 100 Medical Students willing to be Vaccinated
Age (x) Frequency (f)
25-27 - 28
28-29 - 32
30-33 - 28
34-35 - 12
Total - 100

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Assignment

Where: 𝑀𝑑 = location of the median

Median of Grouped Data

Where: 𝑙𝑏'( is the lower boundary of the median class

𝑓 is the frequency of each class

𝑓'( is the frequency of the median class

𝑖 is the class interval

Class Interval f <cf

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 30.5 + 2.08

Mode of Grouped Data

𝑖 is the class interval.

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 30.5 + 2.5

2.) What is the measure of Dispersion? Define Range.

3.) What would be your analysis of the following data:

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