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Lab Calculations

The document discusses key concepts for performing calculations in a lab setting: 1) It defines the mole as the amount of a substance with a mass in grams equal to its atomic/molecular mass and explains how to use moles to determine the amount of a substance. 2) It explains molarity as moles of solute per liter of solution and provides examples of molar concentrations. 3) It describes how to calculate the percentage of a solute or solution based on weight/volume or volume/volume.

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Hamad Alshabi
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29 views6 pages

Lab Calculations

The document discusses key concepts for performing calculations in a lab setting: 1) It defines the mole as the amount of a substance with a mass in grams equal to its atomic/molecular mass and explains how to use moles to determine the amount of a substance. 2) It explains molarity as moles of solute per liter of solution and provides examples of molar concentrations. 3) It describes how to calculate the percentage of a solute or solution based on weight/volume or volume/volume.

Uploaded by

Hamad Alshabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Calculations

Units

1
Units

Moles
• Mole (mol)
– The number of atoms needed such that the
number of grams of a substance equals the atomic
mass of the substance.
– 6.022137 × 1023
– For example, a mole of carbon-12 atoms is 12
grams, a mole of hydrogen atoms is 1 gram, a
mole of hydrogen molecules is 2 grams, etc.

2
Moles

Molarity
• M (moles/liter)
– 6x1023 molecules/liter
– Examples: 10mM (10 mmoles/Liter), 10µM
(10umoles/Liter)

3
Percent
• %(weight/volume)
– Percentage of solute in a given amount of
solvent.
– Stated in grams/100ml
– Examples
• 1% solution is a solution which contains
1g/100ml.
• 10% solution is a solution which contains
10g/100ml.

Percent
• %(volume/volume)
– Percent volume of one solution in another
solution
– Examples
• A 50% ethanol solution contains 50% ethanol
and 50% water.
• A 10% ethanol solution contains 10% ethanol
and 90% water.

4
Concentrated solutions (5x, 10x,
50x, 100x ……)
• Some stock solutions are concentrated and
need to be diluted before using.
• Form example, a 10X stock solution is one
that contains ten times the concentration of all
solutes relative to a working solution, which is
considered to be a 1X solution.
• Therefore, you need to dilute a 10X by a
factor of ten to obtain your final working
solution.
• Example: In order to prepare 2000ml of TAE
buffer using a 50x stock solution you need to
add 40ml of 50x TAE stock and 1960ml of
water. (1:50 dilution)

Dilutions
• Formula which is used to make working solutions
from more concentrated stock solutions.
• C1V1= C2V2
– C2= The final concentration of the working solution
– V2= Final volume of the working solution
– C1= Initial concentration of the stock solution
– V1= Amount of the stock solution required to make the
appropriate amount of the final solution
– The units must be consistent!
– Three out of four variables must be known.

5
Converting
• Units can be cancelled
• You can multiply or divide anything by
one.
• Keep track of the units being used.

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