This document contains information about Farah Barkat, a student with roll number bsf1903541 studying B.S. Chemistry at the University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus. Their assignment topics include Cytoplasm and Plasma Membrane. The document then provides detailed definitions and descriptions of the Cytoplasm, including its location, composition, organelles, functions of transporting materials, maintaining cell shape and structure, providing protection, and being a site of metabolic activities. For Plasma Membrane, the document discusses its structure of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, the fluid mosaic model, and functions of forming a physical barrier, selective permeability, endocytosis/exocytosis,
This document contains information about Farah Barkat, a student with roll number bsf1903541 studying B.S. Chemistry at the University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus. Their assignment topics include Cytoplasm and Plasma Membrane. The document then provides detailed definitions and descriptions of the Cytoplasm, including its location, composition, organelles, functions of transporting materials, maintaining cell shape and structure, providing protection, and being a site of metabolic activities. For Plasma Membrane, the document discusses its structure of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, the fluid mosaic model, and functions of forming a physical barrier, selective permeability, endocytosis/exocytosis,
This document contains information about Farah Barkat, a student with roll number bsf1903541 studying B.S. Chemistry at the University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus. Their assignment topics include Cytoplasm and Plasma Membrane. The document then provides detailed definitions and descriptions of the Cytoplasm, including its location, composition, organelles, functions of transporting materials, maintaining cell shape and structure, providing protection, and being a site of metabolic activities. For Plasma Membrane, the document discusses its structure of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, the fluid mosaic model, and functions of forming a physical barrier, selective permeability, endocytosis/exocytosis,
This document contains information about Farah Barkat, a student with roll number bsf1903541 studying B.S. Chemistry at the University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus. Their assignment topics include Cytoplasm and Plasma Membrane. The document then provides detailed definitions and descriptions of the Cytoplasm, including its location, composition, organelles, functions of transporting materials, maintaining cell shape and structure, providing protection, and being a site of metabolic activities. For Plasma Membrane, the document discusses its structure of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, the fluid mosaic model, and functions of forming a physical barrier, selective permeability, endocytosis/exocytosis,
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Name:
Farah Barkat
Roll No: bsf1903541
Assignment: Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane
Class: B.S.Chemistry University Of Education Lahore Multan Campus Cytoplasm: Definition: The cytoplasm is a highly viscous (gel-like) substance enclosed within the cell membrane. It is composed of water (about 85 percent), proteins (10 to 15 percent), lipids (2 to 4 percent), nucleic acids, inorganic salts and polysaccharides in smaller amounts.
Location: The cytoplasm is enclosed within the cell membrane as is the case with the other cell components/organelles. With regards to the specific location, however, this is dependent on the type of cell. For instance, in eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane/plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane.
Cytosol: The cytosol is the intracellular fluid of the cytoplasm. It is largely composed of water (over 70 percent) and surrounds all organelles located/suspended in the cytoplasm.
Characteristics of cytosol:
7.0 -7.4 pH range
Viscosity similar to water Less than 0.0002 mm of calcium ions concentration High amount of charged macromolecules
Cytoplasmic Structure: The cytoplasm is mostly composed of water (water is the largest component). Apart from water, sugars, inorganic salts and other organic components, the cytoplasm is also composed of various organelles (which also form the endomembrane system) and the cytoskeleton.
Transport: The cytoplasm is involved in several forms of transportation.
Maintain the Shape and Structure of Cell:
The cytoplasm is a viscous matrix that is largely composed of water. By exerting an outward pressure (turgor pressure) against the cell membrane, it contributes to the general shape of the cell.
Protection: Consisting of cytosol, a viscous fluid, the cytoplasm protects various components of the cell by acting as a cushion that absorbs some shock that may otherwise damage organelles.
Storage: Various molecules (lipids, fats, starch, etc.) can be found floating in the cytoplasm. Some of these molecules are used to build different structures of the cells. Before they are used, however, these molecules float in the cytoplasm where they are stored.
Site of Metabolic Activities:
Several enzymes can be found in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm, therefore, is also a site of metabolism for a number of substances.
Plasma Membrane: Definition:
The plasma membrane of a cell is a network of lipids and proteins that forms the boundary between a cell’s contents and the outside of the cell. It is also simply called the cell membrane. Structure Phospholipids:
The membrane is partially made up of molecules called phospholipids, which
spontaneously arrange themselves into a double layer with hydrophilic (“water loving”) heads on the outside and hydrophobic (“water hating”) tails on the inside. These interactions with water are what allow plasma membranes to form.
Proteins:
Proteins in the cell membrane play a role in many other functions, such as cell signaling, cell recognition, and enzyme activity.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are also found in the plasma membrane; specifically, most
carbohydrates in the membrane are part of glycoproteins, which are formed when a carbohydrate attaches to a protein.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane can diffuse freely throughout the cell membrane; they are essentially floating across its surface. This is known as the fluid mosaic model, which was coined by S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson in 1972.
Function: A Physical Barrier:
The plasma membrane surrounds all cells and physically separates
the cytoplasm, which is the material that makes up the cell, from the extracellular fluid outside the cell. This protects all the components of the cell from the outside environment and allows separate activities to occur inside and outside the cell.
Selective Permeability:
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable (or semi-permeable), meaning that
only certain molecules can pass through them.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis:
Endocytosis is when a cell ingests relatively larger contents than
the single ions or molecules that pass through channels. Exocytosis is when the cell releases these materials.
Cell Signaling:
Another important function of the membrane is to facilitate communication and
