Botany Assignment
Botany Assignment
Botany Assignment
Farah Barkat
Roll No:
bsf1903541
Assignment:
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
Class:
B.S.Chemistry
University Of Education Lahore
Multan Campus
Cytoplasm:
Definition:
The cytoplasm is a highly viscous (gel-like) substance enclosed
within the cell membrane. It is composed of water (about 85 percent),
proteins (10 to 15 percent), lipids (2 to 4 percent), nucleic acids, inorganic
salts and polysaccharides in smaller amounts.
Location:
The cytoplasm is enclosed within the cell membrane as is the
case with the other cell components/organelles. With regards to the specific
location, however, this is dependent on the type of cell. For instance, in
eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is located between the cell
membrane/plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane.
Cytosol:
The cytosol is the intracellular fluid of the cytoplasm. It is largely composed
of water (over 70 percent) and surrounds all organelles located/suspended
in the cytoplasm.
Characteristics of cytosol:
Cytoplasmic Structure:
The cytoplasm is mostly composed of water (water is the largest
component). Apart from water, sugars, inorganic salts and other organic
components, the cytoplasm is also composed of various organelles (which
also form the endomembrane system) and the cytoskeleton.
Functions:
Some of these functions include:
Transport:
The cytoplasm is involved in several forms of transportation.
Protection:
Consisting of cytosol, a viscous fluid, the cytoplasm protects various
components of the cell by acting as a cushion that absorbs some shock that
may otherwise damage organelles.
Storage:
Various molecules (lipids, fats, starch, etc.) can be found floating in the
cytoplasm. Some of these molecules are used to build different structures of
the cells. Before they are used, however, these molecules float in the
cytoplasm where they are stored.
Plasma Membrane:
Definition:
The plasma membrane of a cell is a network of lipids and proteins that forms the
boundary between a cell’s contents and the outside of the cell. It is also simply
called the cell membrane.
Structure
Phospholipids:
Proteins:
Proteins in the cell membrane play a role in many other functions, such as cell
signaling, cell recognition, and enzyme activity.
Carbohydrates:
Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane can diffuse freely
throughout the cell membrane; they are essentially floating across its surface.
This is known as the fluid mosaic model, which was coined by S.J. Singer and
G.L. Nicolson in 1972.
Function:
A Physical Barrier:
Selective Permeability:
Cell Signaling: