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BRITISH STANDARD |
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1170-4 : 1998
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Precast concrete products Ð |
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Test method for glass-fibre |
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reinforced cement |
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Part 4. Measuring bending strength Ð |
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`Simplified bending test' method |
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The European Standard EN 1170-4 : 1997 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.100.30 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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Licensed Copy: Sligo Institute of Technology, Institutes of Technology Consortium, 31/08/2009 13:30, Uncontrolled
BS EN 1170-4 : 1998

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1170-4 : 1997.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
B/524, Precast concrete products, which has the responsibility to:

± aid enquirers to understand the text;

± present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
± monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage but the analysis of
voting, in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common
rules for standards work, resulted in a positive vote. In consequence, the document
was accepted as a European Standard.
This standard, together with BS EN 1170 : Parts 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, supersedes
BS 6432 : 1984 which is withdrawn.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to
its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
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referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled `International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the
`Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for Amd. No. Date Text affected
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 March 1998

 BSI 1998

ISBN 0 580 29185 5

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1170-4
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM November 1997

ICS 91.100.30

Descriptors: Concrete products, prefabricated elements, composite materials, cements, glass, verification, conformity tests, bend tests,
measurements, breaking strength

English version

Precast concrete products Ð Test method for glass-fibre reinforced

cement Ð Part 4: Measuring bending strength Ð
`Simplified bending test' method

Produits preÂfabriqueÂs en beÂton Ð MeÂthode d'essai Vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse Ð PruÈfverfahren fuÈr

des composites ciment-verre Ð Partie 4: Mesure de Glasfaserbeton Ð Teil 4: Bestimmung der
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la reÂsistance en flexion Ð MeÂthode dite `Essai Biegezugfestigkeit Ð Einfache BiegezugpruÈfung

simplifie de flexion'

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 1997.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1170-4 : 1997 E
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Page 2
EN 1170-4 : 1997

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 229, Precast concrete
products, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Foreword 2
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1998, and 3 Symbols and abbreviation 3
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by May 1998. 4 Apparatus 3
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 5 Procedure 3
the national standards organizations of the following 6 Expression of results 4
countries are bound to implement this European
7 Interpreting the test 4
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 8 Test report sheet 4
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Annex A (informative) Variability of the
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. production process 5
Annex B (informative) Example of test
report sheet 6
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Page 3
EN 1170-4 : 1997

1 Scope ± a flat board, of approximatively (500 3 800) mm

made of smooth, easy to be cleaned material. In the
This European Standard specifies a test method,
case of Premise cement, a frame with the same
applicable to glass-fibre reinforced cement, for
thickness as the product;
verifying conformity to the bending strength
specification, for evaluating the uniformity of the ± a flat-bottomed tank, of approximately
production process and for checking the homogeneity (500 3 200 3 100) mm filled with water maintained
of the compaction. at (20 ± 2) 8C;
± a rule, accurate to 0,5 mm;
± a calliper, accurate to 0,1 mm;
2 Normative references
± a ventilated drying oven, adjusted to (105 ± 5) 8C;
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications. ± a scale, with a measuring range 0 kg to 2 kg
These normative references are cited at the accurate to 0,1 g.
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent 5 Procedure
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only 5.1 Test pieces
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For Make a sample panel with no facing layer (i.e. made
undated references the latest edition of the publication entirely of GRC),on the flat board, under the same
referred to applies. conditions as the actual production it represents: spray
or premix.
ISO 7500-1 Metallic materials Ð Verification of
static uniaxial testing machines Ð After 24 h, demould and store the sample panel until
the age of 6 days, under the same conditions as for the
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Part 1: Tensile testing machines

actual production it represents.
prEN 1169 Performance criteria for glass-fibre
reinforced cement Ð Manufacture Cut out by sawing at 50+10 mm from the edges, eight
control plan test pieces from the positions illustrated in figure 1.
NOTE. The test pieces can also be cut out on the day of
demoulding.
3 Symbols and abbreviation Mark the test pieces as shown in figure 1.
3.1 Symbols
b width of test piece, in millimetres;
d thickness of test piece (to the nearest 0,1 mm),
in millimetres;
FMOR failure load, in newtons;
l length of test piece, in millimetres;
L span, in millimetres;
mw mass of test piece before drying, `wet mass', in
grams;
md mass of test piece after drying, `dry mass', in
grams;
W water content, in percentage by mass;
sMOR stress at failure by bending, in megapascals. Figure 1. Position and
identification of test pieces
3.2 Abbreviation
Dimensions of the test pieces:
GRC glass-fibre reinforced cement.
a) for a testing machine with fixed distance between
supports:
4 Apparatus ± width: (50 ± 2) mm;
The apparatus comprises: ± length: 225+250 mm;
± a bending test machine, of accuracy meeting the
class 3 requirements specified in ISO 7500-1. It is b) for a testing machine with adjustable distance
provided with a 4-point bending device, the diameter between supports;
of the supports being not less than 6 mm and the ± width (50 ± 2) mm;
distance between the supports being fixed ± length as a function of the thickness, in
(span: 200 mm) or adjustable; accordance with table 1.

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Page 4
EN 1170-4 : 1997

Table 1. Length of test pieces as a function of Weigh each test piece, i.e. determine mw (in grams).
their thickness After the failure, place the test pieces in the ventilated
Dimensions in millimetres drying oven adjusted to (105 ± 5) 8C until a constant
mass md is attained, i.e. until the difference between
Thickness d # 6,7 6,8 to 10,0 10,1 to 12,5 $ 12,6 two weighing results 24 h apart is less than 0,1 %.
with a
tolerance of
± 0,5 mm 6 Expression of results
The stress on failure by bending sMOR, expressed in
Length l with a 160 225 275 325 megapascals, is given by the following equation:
tolerance of
F 3L
+25 sMOR = MOR 2
0 mm b3d
The water content W, expressed as a percentage by
When the eight test pieces have been aged for six days, mass, is determined by the following equation:
immerse them in the tank filled with water at m 2 md
(20 ± 2) 8C for 24 h so that they have been aged for W= w 3 100
md
seven days at the time of the tests.
NOTE. In quality control it is not essential to measure the water
The test shall be carried out no more than 1/2 h after content systematically (see prEN 1169).
the test pieces have been removed from the water.
5.2 Test method 7 Interpreting the test
Measure the length of each test piece to the nearest The specified value of the ultimate bending stress is
millimetre. determined as a function of the use of the GRC
product. It is defined during the consideration of the
Position the test pieces1) in the testing machine, as suitability.
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shown in figure 2, on the two bottom supports with a NOTE. The variability of the production process can be evaluated
span L determined in accordance with table 2. in accordance with annex A.

Table 2. Span of the test pieces as a function

of their length
8 Test report sheet
The test report sheet shall comprise the following
Dimensions in millimetres elements:
Length l 160 225 275 325 ± the date of test;
Span L 135 200 250 300 ± the identification of manufacturer;
± the dimensions of test pieces;
Apply the load smoothly at a rate of (10 ± 1) N/s. ± the intermediate results: failure load; if necessary,
Record the failure load FMOR, which is the maximum wet mass and dry mass;
value read off the machine pressure gauge. ± the results: stress on failure; if necessary, water
After failure, measure to the nearest 0,1 mm the content;
thickness and width of the test piece at or near the ± the curing conditions if different from those
failure location. specified in the standard.
NOTE. An example of the test report sheet is given in annex B.

Figure 2. Position of test pieces in testing machine

1)Test pieces T1, T3, B1 and B3 are placed `mould' face down on the two bottom supports; test pieces T2, T4, B2 and B4 are placed with
the `mould' face up in contact with the top supports.

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Page 5
EN 1170-4 : 1997

Annex A (informative) The relationship between the stresses on failure by

bending (sMOR) obtained from the eight test pieces
Variability of the production process  T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 and T1 + T3 + B1 + B3 
is an
As in all industrial processes, the final result depends B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 T2 + T4 + B2 + B4
on five large families of parameters: indication of the `workmanship and equipment'.
NOTE. Annotations above Ð delete `Value and dispersion' and For a valid evaluation of the quality and uniformity
substitute `Value and its variability'.
levels, it is useful:
In the case of glass-fibre reinforced cement, experience
has shown that the important variables are: ± to make a graph of the evolution of mean values
and varibilities;
± materials: length and type of fibres, granulometry
of the sand, nature and class of cement; ± and to proceed with a statistical analysis
(calculation of mean and standard deviation) every
± methods: fibre content, formulation of the mortar,
five series of tests.
water/cement ratio;
± equipment: fibre content and orientation;
± workmanship: quality of compaction, spraying
distance;
± ambient conditions: hardening temperature and
duration of curing.
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Figure A.1 Families of parameters

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EN 1170-4 : 1997
Page 6
Annex B (informative)
Example of test report sheet

PRODUCTION CONTROL ON HARDENED GRC (WITHOUT FACING LAYER)

Company: ............................... Plant: ....................................................
Resistance to bending
Test performed by: ................................................
TEST: at 7 days on: ...........................................
Date of production: ................................................... (prior immersion in water for 24 h)

Order and marking of products made on that day:

Test pieces T1 T3 B1 B3 T2 T4 B2 B4
Orientation of `mould' face Down Up
Tests carried out: consistency: yes - no Width (mm) b
fibre output: yes - no Thickness (mm) d
Length (mm) l
Failure load (N) FMOR
Stress on failure (MPa) sMOR
Relationship of individual stresses on failure
T + T2 + T3 + T4
for 1
B1 + B2 + B3 + B4
Relationship of individual stresses on failure
T + T3 + B1 + B3
for 1
T2 + T4 + B2 + B4
d (mm) l (mm) L (mm)
2,5 to 6,7 160 135 Wet mass: (g) mw
6,8 to 10 225 200 Dry mass: (g) md
10 to 12,5 275 250 Water content (%) W
$ 12,6 325 300 Mean value (%)

Load (N) 3 span (mm) FMOR 3 L

Stress (MPa) = sMOR =
Width (mm) 3 thickness2 (mm) b 3 d2
*)Taking into account the influence of the thickness on the value of the stress, it is recommended to
record the results to the nearest 0,1 mm.
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