DEFEO, FRANCE ELAYSA AC AND DC MACHINERY

DE LOS SANTOS, FAMEL MICOLE BSME-3B

ODON, MAICA
ROLDAN, MA. TERESITA

DC GENERATORS

1. A 4-pole generator has a lap-wound armature with 50 slots with 16 conductors

per slot. The useful flux per pole is 30mWb.
a.) Determine the speed at which the machine must be driven to generate an
e.m.f. of 240V
SOLUTION:
E=240V
c=2 p ( for alap winding )
Z=50 ( 16 )=800
∅=20× 10−3 Wb
Generated e.m.f.:
2 P ∅ nZ
E=
c
625
E=
( )
2 ( 4 ) ( 20× 10−3 )
60
( 600 )

2
E=500V

2. An 8-pole, lap-wound armature has 1200 conductors and a flux per pole of 0.03Wb.
a.) Determine the e.m.f. generated when running at 500rev/min.
SOLUTION:
E=240V
c=2 p ( for alap winding )
Z=50 ( 16 )=800
∅=20× 10−3 Wb
Generated e.m.f.:
2 P ∅ nZ
E=
c
2 P ∅ nZ
E= C= p for lap-wound machine
2P
E=∅ nZ
500
( )
E=( 0.03 )
60
( 1200 )
E=300V

3. Determine the generated e.m.f. in Problem 2 if the armature is wave-wound.

SOLUTION:
Generated e.m.f.:
 2 P ∅ nZ
E=
c
2 P ∅ nZ
E= c=2 for wave-wound machine
2
E=P ∅ nZ
E=( 4) ∅ nZ=300V
E=( 4)(300)=1200 volts

4. A d.c. shunt-wound generator running at constant speed generates a voltage of 150

V at a certain value of field current.
a) Determine the change in the generated voltage when the field current is
reduced by 20%, assuming the flux is proportional to the field current.
SOLUTION:
The generated e.m.f. E of a generator is proportional to Фω, i.e. is proportional to
Ф n, where Ф is the flux and n is the speed of rotation. It follows that E = k Ф n,
where k is a constant.

At speed n1 and flux Ф 1, E 1 = k Ф1 n1

At speed n2 and flux Ф2, E 2=k Ф2 n2 Thus, by division:

E1 kϕ1 n1 ϕ 1 n1
= =
E2 kϕ2 n2 ϕ 2 n2
The initial conditions are E 1 =150V, Ф = Ф1 and n = n1. When the flux is reduced
by 20%, the new value of flux is 80/100 or 0.8 of the initial value, i.e., Ф 2 = 0 .8 Ф1.

Since the generator is running at constant speed, n 2 = n1

E 1 ϕ1 n 1 ϕ 1 n1 1
= = =
E2 ϕ2 n 2 (0.8)ϕ 2 n2 0.8

E2=150× 0.8=120 V
Thus, a reduction of 20% in the value of the flux reduces the generated voltage
to 120 V at
constant speed.

5. A d.c. generator running at 30 rev/s generates an e.m.f. of 200 V.

a.) Determine the percentage increase in the flux per pole required to generate
250 V at 20 rev/s.
SOLUTION:
E ∝ ϕω∧since ω=2 πn , E∝ n
Let E1=200V , n1=30 rev /s and flux per pole at this speed be ∅ 1
Let E2=250V , n1=20rev / s and flux per pole at this speed be ∅ 2
E1 ϕ1 n 1
since E ∝n then =
E2 ϕ2 n 2

200 ϕ1 (30)
=
250 ϕ2 (20)
ϕ1 (30)(250)
ϕ 2= =1.875 ϕ 1
(20)(200)
The increase in flux per pole needs to be 87.5%
6. Determine the terminal voltage of a generator which develops an e.m.f. of 200 V and
has an armature current of 30 A on load. Assume the armature resistance is 0.30 Ω
SOLUTION:

V T =E−( I a × R a )=200−(30)(0.30)=200−9=191V

7. A generator is connected to a 60Ω load and a

current of 8 A flows. If the armature resistance
is 1Ω

Determine:
a) the terminal voltage, and
b) the generated e.m.f.
SOLUTION:
a.) V =I a × R L=(8)(60)= 480 V
b.) E=V +(I ¿ ¿ a × R a)=480+( 8 ×1)=480+ 8=488V ¿

8. A separately-excited generator develops a no-load e.m.f. of 150V at an armature

speed of 20 rev/s and a flux per pole of 0.10Wb.
Determine the generated e.m.f. when:

(a) the speed increases to 25 rev/s and the pole flux remains unchanged
 (b) the speed remains at 20 rev/s and the pole flux is decreased to 0.08Wb.

(c) the speed increases to 24 rev/s and the pole flux is decreased to 0.07Wb.

SOLUTION:
E1 ϕ1 n 1
a.) =
E2 ϕ2 n 2

150 ( 0.10 )( 20 )
=
E2 (0.10)(25)
150 ( 0.10 ) ( 25 )
E 2= =187.5 V
( 0.10)(20)
150 ( 0.10 )( 20 )
b.) =
E2 (0.08)(20)
150 ( 0.08 ) ( 20 )
E3 = =120 V
( 0.10)( 20)

150 ( 0.10 ) ( 20 )
c.) =
E2 (0.07)(24)

150 ( 0.07 ) (24 )

E 4= =126 V
(0.10)(20)
9. A shunt generator supplies a 20 kW load at 200 V through cables of resistance,
R=100 mΩ .
If the field winding resistance, R f = 50Ω and the armature resistance, Ra =40 mΩ,

Determine: -

(a)the terminal voltage

(b)the e.m.f. generated in the
armature.

20000W
a.) I = =100 A
200 V
Volt drop∈the cables ¿ theload=I × R=(100 A)(100 × 10−3 Ω)=10V
 V −200V +10 V =210V
Armature Current, I a=I f + I
V 210V
Field Current, I f = = =4.2 A
R f 50 Ω
I a=I f + I =4.2 A+ 100 A=104.2 A
b.) Generated e.m.f., E=V + I a Ra
E=210V +(104.2 A)(40 ×10−3 Ω)=210 V + 4.16V =214.17 V
10. A 150 kW generator has efficiency of 91 percent at full load. Calculate the input in
kilowatts and the power loss.

GIVEN:
PL=150 watts
Efficiency= 91% at full load

FIND:
The input in kW, and power loss

SOLUTION:
Efficiency= Pout/ Pin x 100%
Pin= (150kW/ 91% ) x 100%

Pin= 164.835 kW
Power losses= Pin-Pout
Power losses= 164.835-150kW= 14.835 kW
11. A six-pole DC generator has an armature winding with 504 conductors connected in
six parallel paths. Calculate the generated voltage in this machine if each pole
produces 1.65x106. Maxwells and the armature speed is 1,800 rpm.

GIVEN:
P=6 poles
Z= 504 conductors
α= 6 parallel paths
Φ= 1.65 x 106 Maxwells

FIND:
Generated voltage= Eg

SOLUTION:
Φ x P x Z x RPM x 10−8
Eg=
Q x 60
( 1.65 x 106 ) ( 6 )( 504 ) (1800)(10−8 )
Eg=
6 x 60
Eg=250 volts
12. The armature winding of the generator of the problem 11 is modified so that it has
two parallel paths instead of six. At the speed should the machine be driven if it is to
develop the same voltage as before the change, assuming all other conditions to
remain unchanged?

GIVEN:
Eg= 250 volts
P=6 poles
Z= 504 conductors
α= 2parallel paths
Φ= 1.65 x 106 Maxwells

SOLUTION:

Φ x P x Z x RPM x 10−8
Eg=
Q x 60
Eg x α x 60
RPM =
Φ x P x Z x 10−8
250 x 2 x 60 x 108
RPM =
1.65 x 106 x 6 x 504
RPM= 600

13. How many poles are there in a generator in which the armature frequency is 30 CPS
when operating at a speed of 600 rpm?

GIVEN:
f= 30 cps
S= 600 rpm

FIND:
Number of poles

SOLUTION:

P x RPM
f=
120
f x 120
P=
rpm
3 x 120
P=
600
P= 6 poles
14. At what speed is an armature rotating in a 12 poles machine if the frequency in the
armature conductors in 50 cps?

GIVEN:
P=12 poles
f= 50 cps

FIND:
Speed (rpm)=?

SOLUTION:
f x 120 50 x 120
RPM= =
P 12
RPM= 500 RPM

15. Each shunt-field of a DC generator produces 2,700 amp-turns. How many turns are
there in the coil if the current is 15 amp?

GIVEN:
NI= 2,700 amp-turns
I= 1.5 amp

FIND:
Number of Turns

Solution:
Let N= is the number of turns

Since:
NI= 2700 amp turns
N= 2,700/1.5
N= 1,800 turns

16. Calculate the percent voltage regulation of a shunt generator in which the no load
and full load voltages are 135 volts and 120 volts, respectively.

Given:
No Load Voltage= 135 volts
Full Load Voltage= 120 volts

Find:
% voltage regulation
 Solution:
V NL−V
%VR= x 100 %
FL

V FL
135−120
%VR= x 100 %
120
%VR= 12.5%

17. A short-shunt compound generator has a full-load current of 60 amp. If the series-
field resistance is 0.04 ohm and a diverter carries 24 amp, what is the diverter
resistance?

Given:
Full load current, IL=60 amp
RSE= 0.04 ohms
ID= 24 amp

Find:
RD=?

Solution:
IL= ID+ ISE
ISE= IL- ID
ISE=60-24= 36 amp

Since:
VD= VSE, because it is connected in parallel
ID RD= ISE RSE
RD= ISE(RSE)/ ID
RD= 36(0.04)/24
RD= 0.06 ohms
18. A 5 kW 120-volt compound generator has an armature resistance of 0.23 ohm, a
series-field resistance of 0.04 ohm, and a shunt field resistance of 57.5 ohms.
Assuming a long-shunt connection and a voltage drop at the brushes of 2 volts,
calculate the generated emf at full load.

Given:
P= 5 kW
VT= 120 volts
RA= 0.23 ohms
RSE= 0.04 ohms
RF=57.5 ohms
VBC=2 volts

Find:
Generated voltage or Eg

Solution:
Let:
Eg= generated voltage
VT=terminal voltage
VBC= brush contact voltage drop

Since:
Eg= VT + IA(RL+ RSE)+ VBC
But IA= If + IL
IL= PL/ VT
IL=5000W/120V
IL=41.67 amp

If= VT/Rf
 If= 120V/57.5 ohms
If= 2.086 amp

IA= If + IL
IA=41.67+2.086
IA=43.756 amp

Then:
Eg= 120+43.756 (0.23+0.04)+2
Eg=133.8 volts

19. A short shunt compound generator has a shunt field resistance of 77 ohms, a series
field resistance of 0.08 ohm, a commutating pole winding resistance of 0.005 ohm,
and an armature resistance, including brushes, of 0.002 ohm. When the armature
current is 128 amp. the generated emf is 234.2 volts. Calculate the power delivered
to the load.

Given:
RF= 77 ohms
RSE= 0.008 ohms
RA= 0.02 ohms
RC= 0.005 ohms
IA= 128 amp
Eg= 234.2 volts

Find;
PL

Solution:
Eg= VT + IA (RA + RC)
 VT=234.2-128(0.02+0.005)
VT=231 volts

IF= VT/RF
IF=231 V/77 ohms
IF= 3 ampere

IL= IA-IF
IL=128-3
IL=125 ampere

PL= IL(VF)
PL= 125(231)/1000
PL=28.8 kW

20. A 3,000 kW 500-volt 14-pole generator has a lap-wound armature with 2,340
conductors. The pole faces cover 67 percent of the entire circumference. How many
conductors are there in each pole face of a compensating winding?

Given:
PL= 3,000 kW
VT= 500 volt
P= 14 pole
Lap wound armature pole faces cover 67% of the entire circumference

Find:
Conductors in each pole of the compensating winding

Solution:

Let:
IT= total armature current
I/path=armature current per path
Z/pole= armature conductors per pole
Pi= number of parallel paths
C= conductors in each pole face

IT= 3,000,000 W/ 500 Volts

IT= 6,000 ampere

PI = plex x poles = 1(14)= 14 parallel paths

I/path= 6,000amp/ 14= 428.57 amp/path

Z/pole= 2340 conductor (0.67)/14= 112

Armature ampere conductors under each pole= (428.57)(112)=48,000

Since:
Compensating winding ampere- conductors per pole face= 6,000 x C
Equating:
6,000C= 48,000
C= 48,000/6,000
C= 8 conductors