Module 3 Prestressed Concrete Design

Working Stress Design

A.) At transfer
1. Allowable tensile stress at transfer = 0.25√𝑓𝑐ⅈ
2. Allowable compressive stress at transfer = 0.6√𝑓𝑐ⅈ

B.) At service loads

1. Allowable tensile stress at transfer = 0.5√𝑓𝑐′
2. Allowable tensile stress at transfer = 0.45𝑓𝑐′

CE Board May 2012

A beam with width b = 250 mm and depth d = 450 mm is pre stressed by an initial force of 600 kN.
Total loss of pre stress at service loads is 15%.
1. Calculate the resulting final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at the
centroid of the beam section.
2. Calculate the final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is applied at an eccentricity of
100 mm below the centroid of the beam section.
3. Calculate the eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the resulting
tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.

Solution:
1. Final compressive stress if the pre stressing force is
applied at the centroid of the beam section.

𝑃
𝜎=-𝐴
600(0.85)(1000)
𝜎=- 250(450)

MA = -4.53 MPa (compression)

 2. Final compressive stress if the pre stressing force
is applied at an eccentricity at 100 mm below the
centroid of the beam section.

𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶
fb = - -
𝐴 𝐼
𝑃 6 𝑃𝑒
fb = - -
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
600000(0.85) 6 (600000)(0.85)(100)
fb = - -
240(450) 240(450)2

fb = -10.58 MPa
3. Eccentricity at which the pre stressing force can be applied so that the resulting tensile stress at
the top fiber of the beam is zero.

𝑃 6 𝑃𝑒
ft = -
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
600000(0.85) 6 (600000)𝑒
0= -
240(450) 240(450)2

600000(0.85) 6 (600000)𝑒
-
240(450) 240(450)2

e = 75 mm

CE Board May 2012; May 2013

The flooring of a warehouse is made up of double-tee joints (DT) as shown. The joists are simply
supported on a span of 7.5 m and are pre tensioned with one tendon in each stem with an initial force
of 745 kN each, located at 75 mm above the bottom fiber, loss of stress at service load is 18%.
 Load imposed on the joists are:
Dead load = 2.3 kPa
Live load = 6 kPa
Properties of DT:
A = 200,000 mm2
I = 1880 x 106 mm4
yt = 88 mm
yb = 267 mm
a = 2.4 m.
1. Compute the stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the initial pre stressing
force alone.
2. Compute the resulting stress at the bottom fibers at the DT at mid-span due to the service loads
and pre stress force.
3. What additional super imposed load can be DT carry such that the resulting stress at the bottom
fibers at mid-span is zero.
Solution:
1. Stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the initial pre stressing force alone.

−𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶
𝑓𝑏 = −
𝐴 𝐼
 −745000(2) 745000(2)(192)(267)
𝑓𝑏 = −
200000 1880𝑥106

𝑓𝑏 = −7.45 − 40.63
𝒇𝒃 = −𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

2. Stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the service loads and pre stress force.
W = 2.4 (2.4) + 6 (2.4)
W = 19.92 kN/m

𝑤𝐿2
M= 8

19.92(7.5)2
M= 8

M = 140.06 kN.m

P = 0.82(745) (2)
P = 1221.8 kN

𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝐶 𝑀𝐶
fb = - – +
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼

1221800 1221800(192)(267) 140.06 𝑥 106 (267)

fb = - - +
200000 1880 𝑥 106 1880 𝑥 106

fb = - 6.11 – 33.32 + 19.89

fb = -19.54 MPa
 3. Additional so that the resulting tensile stress at the bottom fibers at mid-span is zero.
fb = 19.54 MPa
𝑀𝐶
fb = 𝐼
𝑀(267)
19.54 = 1880 𝑥 106

M = 137.58 kN.m

𝑊𝐿2
M= 8

𝑊(7.5)2
137.58 = 8

W = 19.57 kN/m

Introduction to Ultimate Strength Design

Basic Principles of Prestressing Beams
Prestressing concrete = is defined as structural concrete in which internal stresses have been introduced to reduce potential tensile
stresses in concrete due to the imposed loads.

Method of prestressing:

1. Pre tensioning = is a method of prestressing in which tendons are tensioned before concrete is placed.
2. Post tensioning = is a method of prestressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened. This can be
applied to members either pre cast or cast in place.

When post tensioned, the tendons are anchored at their ends by means of mechanical devices (hydraulic jack) to transmit the
prestress to the concrete, such a member is termed as end anchored.

In a post tensioning, the tendons generally have their prestress transmitted to the concrete by their bond action near the ends.
The effectiveness of such stress transmission is limited to wires of small size and to larger diameter strands which possess better
bond properties than smooth wires.

Tendon is a prestressing steel used in pre tensioned applications. In post-tension applications the tendon is a complete,
assembly consisting of anchorages, prestressing steel, and sheathing with coating for unbonded applications or ducts with grout for
bonded application.

Types of Tendons:

1. Bonded tendons = it is a tendon that is bonded throughout their length to the surrounding concrete. Non end-anchored
tendons are necessarily bonded ones. End-anchored tendons maybe either bonded or unbonded to the concrete. The
prestressing tendons is bonded to concrete directly or through grouting.
2. Unbonded tendons = it is a tendon in which the prestressing steel is prevented from bonding to the concrete and is a free
to move relative to the concrete. The prestressing force is permanently transferred to the concrete at the tendon ends by
anchorage only.
Common Method of Stressing the Tendons
For both pe tensioning and post tensioning the tendons are stress by jacking. In post tensioning, jacks are used to pull the
steel with the reaction acting against the hardened concrete, in pre tensioning jacks pull the steel with the reaction against end
bulkheads. Hydraulic jacks are used because of their high capacity to apply the pressure. Care must be taken to see that the jack
can be properly mounted at the end of the bearing plates and that there is enough room at the tensioning ends to accommodate
the jacks.

Loss of Prestress
To determine the effective prestress, allowance for the following sources of loss of prestress shall be considered:
1. Tendon seating at transfer.
2. Elastic shortening of concrete.
3. Creep of concrete.
4. Shrinkage of concrete.
5. Relaxation of tendons stress.
6. Friction losses due to intended or unintended curvature in post-tensioning tendons.

Permissible stresses in Concrete (Flexural members)

(Ultimate Stress Design)

A. Stresses in concrete immediately after prestress transfer (before time-dependent prestress losses).
1. Extreme fiber stress in compression except as permitted by NSCP shall not exceed……0.60 f ci’
2. Extreme fiber stress in compression at ends of simply supported members shall not exceed…0.70 fci’
3. Where computed concrete tensile strength, ft, exceeds 0.5 √𝑓𝑐′ at ends of simply supported members, or 0.25 √𝑓𝑐′ at other
locations, additional bonded reinforcement shall be provided in the tensile zone to resist the tensile force in concrete computed
with the assumption of an uncracked section.

B. Stresses in concrete at service loads based on uncracked section properties and after allowance for all pre stress losses shall
not exceed the following:
1. Extreme fibers stress in compression due to prestress plus sustained loads………..0.45 f ci’
2. Extreme fiber stress in compression due to prestress plus total load…………0.60 f ci’

Permissible Stress in Prestressing Tendons.

Tensile stress in prestressing tendons shall not exceed the following:

1. Due to prestressing tendon jacking force …………..0.94 fci’
but not greater than the lesser of 0.80 f ci’ and the maximum value recommended of manufacturer of prestressing tendons or
anchorage devices.
2. Immediately after prestress transfer……………….0.82 fci’
but not greater than………………..0.74 fci’

3. Post-tensioning tendons, at anchorage devices and couplers, immediately after force transfer …………. 0.70 fci’

Notations in Prestressed Concrete

Aps = area of prestressed reinforcement in tension zone, mm2

dp = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed reinforcement, mm.

fci’ = compressive strength of concrete at time of initial prestress, MPa

fpc = average compressive stress in concrete due to effective prestress force only (after allowance
for all prestress losses), MPa

fps = stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength, MPa

fpu = specified tensile strength of prestressing tendons, MPa.

fpy = specified yield strength of prestressing tendons, MPa.

fse = effective stress in prestressed reinforcement (after allowance for all prestress losses) , MPa.

Ix = length of prestressing tendond element from jacking end to any point x

n = number of monostrand anchorage devices in a group

Ps = prestressing tendon force at jacking end

Px = prestressing tendon force at any point x

Psu = factored post-tensioned tendon force at the anchorage device

𝑎 = total angular change of prestressing tendon profile in radians from tendon jacking end at any point x

Yp = factor for type of prestressing tendon

= 0.55 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.80

= 0.40 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.85

= 0.28 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.90

𝜇 = curvature friction coefficient

Pp = ration of prestressed reinforcement

𝜔 = ρ fy/fc’

𝜔’ = ρ’ fy/fc’

𝜔p = ρp fy/fc’

𝜔w , 𝜔pw , 𝜔’w = reinforcement indices for flanged sections computed as for 𝜔 , 𝜔p , 𝜔’ except that b shall be the web width, and
reinforcement are shall be that required to develop compressive strength of web only.

Ultimate Stress Design

Determination of stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength (fps) as an alternative to a more accurate determination
based on strain compatibility, the following approximate values shall be permitted to be used if f se is not less than 0.5 fpu:

1. For members with bonded tendons:

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

If any combination reinforcement is taken into account when calculating f ps , the term:
𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
[𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]
𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

shall be taken not less than 0.17 and d’ shall be no greater than 0.15 d p where:

𝛽 1 = 0.85 if fc’ is less than 28 MPa

0.05
𝛽 = 0.85 - (𝑓𝑐′ − 28) but not less than 0.65
7

𝛾p = factor for type of prestressing tendon

𝛾p = 0.55 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.80

𝛾p = 0.40 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.85

𝛾p = 0.28 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.90

𝜌p = Aps/bd

dp = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed reinforcement, mm

d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of nonprestressed reinforcement, mm

𝜔 = 𝜌 fy/fc’

𝜔′ = 𝜌′ fy/fc’

2. For members with unbonded tendons:

a.) For members with unbonded tendons and with a span-to-depth ratio of 35 or less:
𝑓𝑐 ′
fps = fse + 70 +
100 𝜌𝑝

but fps shall not be taken greater than f py , nor greater than (fse + 415)

b.) For members with unbonded prestressing tendons and with a span-to-depth ration greater than 35:
𝑓𝑐 ′
fps = fse + 70 +
300 𝜌𝑝

but fps shall not be taken greater than f py , nor greater than (fse + 210)

Minimum Bonded Reinforcement

1. A minimum area of bonded reinforcement shall be taken as:

As = 0.004 Act

Where: Act = area of that part of cross section between the flexural tension face and center of gravity of gross section.

2. Bonded reinforcement shall not be required in positive moment areas where f t , the extreme fiber stress in tension in the
pre-compressed tensile zone at service load (after allowance for prestress losses) does not exceed 0.17 √𝑓𝑐𝑖 ′

3. In positive moment areas where computed tensile stress in concrete at service load exceeds

0.17 √𝑓𝑐𝑖 ′ minimum area of bonded reinforcement shall be computed by:

𝑁𝑐
As =
0.5 𝑓𝑦
Where: fy should be less than 415 MPa
Nc = tensile force in concrete due to unfactored dead load plus live load.

4. In negative moment areas at column supports, minimum area of bonded reinforcement A s in the top of the slab in each
direction shall be computed by:

As = 0.00075 Acf

Where: Ad = is the larger gross cross-sectional area of the slab-beam strips in two orthogonal equivalent frames intersecting
at a column in a two-way slab.

Bonded reinforcement required shall be distributed between lines that are 1.5h outside opposite faces of the column
support. At least four bars or wires shall be provided in each direction. Spacing of bonded reinforcement shall not exceed 300 mm.
 5. In positive moment areas, minimum length of bonded reinforcement shall be one-third the clear span length, In, and
centered in positive moment area.

6. In negative moment areas, bonded reinforcement shall extend one-sixth the clear span, In, on each side of support.

Reinforcement Index (𝜔𝑝 )

1. When 𝜔𝑝 < 0.36 𝛽

C=T

0.85 fc’ ab = Aps fps

𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠
a=
0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝑏

9
Mu = ∅ T (𝑑 − )
2

𝑎
Mu = ∅ Aps fps (𝑑 − )
2

2. Use 𝜔𝑝 > 0.36 𝛽

𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠
a=
0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝑏

𝜌𝑝 𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑝𝑠
a=
0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝑏

𝜌𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑠 𝑑
a=
𝑓𝑐 ′ (0.85)

𝜔𝑝
a=
0.85

0.36 𝛽 𝑑
a=
0.85

a = 0.423 𝛽1 𝑑

𝑎
Mu = 𝜃 𝐶 (𝑑 − )
2

𝑎
Mu = 𝜃 0.85 fc’ ab (𝑑 − )
2

Bonded and Unbonded Tendons

Bonded Tendons
Case 1 When the stress block depth is less than the average flange thickness.
Problem
The prestressed I-beam shown in cross section with bonded tendons is pretensioned using seven ordinary stress-relieved stands
Grade 250 (fpu = 1728 MPa) carrying an effective prestress f pe = 988 MPa, fpy = 1480 MPa, fc’ = 27.6 MPa,
1. Value of stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength: when f pe > 0.50 fpu: use

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

fpe = 988 > 0.5 (1728) = 864 MPa

Υp = 0.55 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.80 (typical high-strength bars)

Υp = 0.40 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.85 (typical ordinary stand)

Υp = 0.28 for fpy/fpu not less than 0.90

(typical above low-relaxation stand)

fpu = specified tensile strength of prestressing tendons

fps = stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength

fpy = specified yield strength of prestressing tendons

Aps = area of prestressed reinforcement in tension zone

𝑓𝑝𝑦 1480
=
𝑓𝑝𝑢 1728

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.86
𝑓𝑝𝑢

Use 𝛾𝑝 = 0.40
𝐴𝑝𝑠
Pp =
𝑏𝑤 𝑑

60
Pp =
300(440)

Pp = 0.0049
𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + 0]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′

0.40(0.0049)(1728)
fps = 1728 {1 − }
0.85(27.6)

fps = 1478.5 MPa

 2. Nominal flexural strength:
Check whether the stress block depth is greater or less than the average flange thickness of 150 mm.

Aps fps = 0.85 fc’ a bw

650 (1478.5) = 0.85(27.6)(a)(300)

a = 136.54 < 150 mm

Note: When stress block depth is less than the average flange thickness use the formula.
𝑎
Mn = Aps fps (𝑑 − )
2

136.54
Mn = 650(1478.5) (440 − )
2

Mn = 357.2 kN.m

3. Flexural design strength:

Mu = ∅ Mn

Mu = 0.90(357.2)

Mu = 321.5 kN.m

4. Check whether over-reinforced or under reinforced:

0.85
a.) < 0.36 𝛽1 (under reinforced)
𝑑
b.) 𝜔p < 0.36 𝛽 1 (under reinforced)
0.85
c.) > 0.36 𝛽1 (under reinforced)
𝑑
d.) 𝜔p > 0.36 𝛽 1 (under reinforced)
𝜌𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑠
𝜔p =
𝑓𝑐 ′

0.0049(1478.5)
𝜔p =
27.6

𝜔p = 0.262

Since 𝜔p < 0.36𝛽 1

This beam is considered to be under reinforced beam.

Check:
0.85(136.54)
< 0.36(0.85)
440

0.263 < 0.306

This beam is considered to be under reinforced beam.

Case 2 When the stress block depth is greater than the average flange thickness
The prestressed I-beam shown is pretensioned by using ordinary stress relieved strands having a specified tensile strength fpu = 1750
MPa, fpy = 1480 MPa. The beam has a total depth of 600 mm with a distance from the centroid of the tendons to the top of the
beam equal to 440 mm. Area of prestressed reinforcement in tension is 650 mm 2. Width of flange is 300 mm a web thickness of 100
mm. The average flange thickness is 127 mm. fc’ = 27.6 Mpa 𝛽 1 = 0.85.
 1. Compute the stress in the prestress reinforcement when the beam fails in flexure.
2. Compute the nominal flexural strength of the beam.
3. Compute the design strength of the beam.
4. Is the beam under or over reinforced.

Solution
1. Stress in the prestress reinforcement when the beam fails in flexure.
𝐴𝑝𝑠
Pp =
𝑏 𝑑

360
Pp =
300(400)

Pp = 0.0049
𝑓𝑝𝑦 1480
=
𝑓𝑝𝑢 1728

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.86
𝑓𝑝𝑢

Use = 𝛾p = 0.40
𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + 0]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′

0.40 𝑟𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑢
fps = fpu [1 − ]
𝛽1 𝑓𝑐 ′

0.40 (0.0049)(1750)
fps = 1750 [1 − ]
0.85(27.6)

fps = 1494 MPa

2. Nominal strength of the beam:

Assume a < hf

Aps fps = 0.85 fc’ a b

650 (1494) = 0.85(27.6)(a)(300)

 a = 137.98 mm > 127 mm

a = hf

Recompute Apf:
0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏− 𝑏𝑤 )ℎ𝑓
Apf =
𝑓𝑝𝑠

0.85 (27.6)(300−100)(127)
Apf =
1494

Apf = 398.85 mm2

Apw = Aps – Apf

Apw = 650 – 398.85 mm2

Apw = 251.15 mm2

Apw fps = 0.85 fc’ a bw

251.15(1494) = 0.85(27.6)(a)(100)

a = 159.94 mm > 127 mm

𝑎 ℎ𝑓
Mn = Apw fps (𝑑 − ) + Apf fps (𝑑 − )
2 2

159.94
Mn = 251.15(1494) (440 − )
2

127
+ 398.85(1494) (440 − )
2

Mn = 359.44 kN.m

3. Design strength of the beam:

Mu = ∅ Mn

Mu = 0.90(359.44)

Mu = 323.5 kN.m
 4. Check whether over reinforced or under reinforced:
0.85 𝑎
When > 0.36(0.85)
𝑑

0.309 > 0.306

The beam is over reinforced

Problem
The beam shown is prestressed by using a bonded (stress relieved tendons) with a specified tensile strength of prestressing tendons
fpu = 1350 MPa.

fc’ = 35 MPa. The area of prestressed reinforcement in tension zone Aps = 1000 mm2. The specific yield strength of prestressing
tendons fpy = 1160 MPa.

1. Which of the following gives the value of the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength (fps).
2. Which of the following gives the ultimate moment capacity of the prestressed beam.

Solution
1. Value of the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength (fps).
𝑓𝑝𝑦 1160
=
𝑓𝑝𝑢 1350

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.86
𝑓𝑝𝑢

𝑓𝑝𝑦
Yp = 0.40 when ≥ 0.85
𝑓𝑝𝑢

𝑓𝑝𝑦
Yp = 0.28 when ≥ 0.90
𝑓𝑝𝑢

Use yp = 0.40
𝐴𝑝𝑠
Pp =
𝑏𝑑
1000
Pp =
430 (250)

Pp = 0.0093

For bonded tensons:

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + (𝜔 − 𝜔′ )]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑑𝑝

𝑌𝑃 𝑓𝑝𝑢
fps = fpu {1 − [𝜌𝑝 + 0]}
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′
 𝛾𝑝 𝜌𝑝 𝑓
𝑝𝑢
fps = fpu [1 − ]
𝐵1 𝑓𝑐 ′

𝛽 1 = 0.85 – 0.008 (35 – 30)

𝛽 1 = 0.81
0.40(0.0093)(1350)
fps = 1350 [1 − ]
0.81 (35)

fps = 1111 MPa

2. Value of the depth of the compression block.

𝜌𝑝 𝑓
𝑝𝑠
𝜔p =
𝑓𝑐 ′

0.0093 (1111)
𝜔p =
35

𝜔p = 0.295 > 0.36 𝛽 1

𝜔p should be < 0.36 𝛽 1

0.36 (0.81) = 0.292

Use 𝜔p = 0.292

C=T

0.85 fc’ ab = Aps fps

𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠
a=
0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏

𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠
a=
0.85 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏

𝜔𝑝 𝑑
a=
0.85

0.292 (430)
a=
0.85

a = 147.72

3. Ultimate moment capacity of the prestressed beam.

𝑎
= 73.86
2

𝑎
Mu = ∅ C (𝑑 − )
2

C = 0.85 fc’ ab

C = 0.85 (35)(147.72)(250)

C = 1098668

Mu = 0.90 (1098668) (430 – 73.86)

 Mu = 352 x 106 N.mm

Mu = 352 kN.m

Unbonded Tendons
For members with unbonded tendons
a) For members with unbonded tendons and with a span to depth ratio of 35 or less:
𝑓𝑐 ′
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠𝑒 + 70 +
100𝜌𝑝
But fps shall not be taken greater than f py, nor greater than (fse + 415)

b) For members with unbonded prestressing tendons and with a span o depth ratio greater than 35.

𝑓𝑐 ′
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠𝑒 + 70 +
300𝜌𝑝
But fps shall not be taken greater than f py, nor greater than (fse + 210)

Problem
A 250 mm x 500 mm prestressed beam has a simple span of 6 m. The beam uses stress relieved tendons with specified tensile
strength fpu = 1350 MPa and an effective stress in prestressed reinforcement after allowable for all prestress losses f se = 760 MPa.
The prestressed beam is not to be grouted (unbonded) after the application of the prestress. If the area of prestress
reinforcement in tension zone is Aps = 1000 mm2 applied 70 mm above the bottom of the beam and fc’ = 35 MPa, determine the
following:

1. The reinforcement indices for the prestressed beam.

2. The safe ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
3. The safe live load that the prestressed beam could carry if concrete weighs 23.544 kN/m3

Solution:

1. Reinforcement indices for the prestressed beam.

𝜌𝑝 𝑓
𝑝𝑠
𝜔p =
𝑓𝑐 ′

𝐿 6000
= = 13.95 < 35
𝑑 500−70

𝑓𝑐 ′
Use fps = fse + 70 +
100 𝜌𝑝

𝐴𝑝𝑠
𝜌p =
𝑏𝑑
1000
𝜌p =
250 (430)

𝜌p = 0.0093

35
fps = 760 + 70 +
100 (0.0093)

fps = 868 MPa

 𝜌𝑝 𝑓
𝑝𝑠
𝜔p =
𝑓𝑐 ′

0.0093 (868)
𝜔p =
35

𝜔p = 0.231 < 0.36 𝛽

0.05(𝑓𝑐′ −28)
𝛽 = 0.85 -
7

0.05(35−28)
𝛽 = 0.85 -
7

𝛽 = 0.80

𝜔p = 0.36 (0.80)

𝜔p = 0.288

Use 𝜔p = 0.231

2. Safe ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

T=C

Aps fps = 0.85 fc’ ab

1000(868) = 0.85(35)(a)(250)

a = 116.71
𝑎
Mu = 𝜃 T (𝑑 − )
2

𝑎
Mu = 0.90 (Aps fps) (𝑑 − )
2

116.71
Mu = 0.90 (1000) (868) (430 − )
2

Mu = 290 x 106 N.mm

Mu = 290 kN.m

3. Safe live load that the prestressed beam could carry if concrete weighs 23. 544 kN/m 3.
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2
Mu =
8
𝑊𝑢 (6)2
290 =
8

Wu = 64.44 kN/m

Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

DL = 0.25 (0.5) (1) (23.544)

DL = 2.94 kN/m

64.44 = 1.2 (2.94) + 1.6 LL

LL = 38.07 kN/m