DIMENSIONS OF

DEVELOPMENT
ALVI N A. SOLTEO
NSTP 2 F ACI LI TATO R
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• At the end of the session, the students would be
able to:
1. Explain the concept of development and community
development;
2. Reflect on the developmental issues of global and
national arena;
3. Enumerate the different development agenda in all
levels;
4. Compare and contrast these agenda; and
5. Contextualize these agenda in their own community.
 DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
• Development is a concept and multi-facetted phenomena;

• There are numerous definitions of development. Different

authors have advanced more or less the same arguments
pertaining to this rather wide concept. Below, are some of
commonly used definitions:

• TAYEBWA (1992:261) states that development is a broad term

which should not be limited to mean economic development,
economic welfare or material well-being. As per Tayebwa,
development in general includes improvements in economic,
social and political aspects of whole society like security,
culture, social activities and political institutions.
 DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
• According to TODARO (1981:56) refers to development as a
multidimensional process involving the reorganization and
reorientation of the entire economic and social systems. He
continues to argue that development is a physical reality and
a state of mind in which society has, through some
combinations of social, economic and political process
secured the way of obtaining better life.

• According to PERROUX (1978:65), defines development as "the

combination of mental and social changes among the
population which decide to increase its real and global
products, cumulatively and in sustainable manner."
 DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
• ROGERS (1990:30) adds ―development is a long participatory
process of social change in the society whose objective is the
material and social progress for the majority of population
through a better understanding of their environment.‖
DEVELOPMENT DEFINED

How do you
compare the
contentions of
the 4 authors?
 DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
• Like Tayebwa, Todaro’s definition is applauded for its wider
view of the development concept as related to social,
economic as well as political changes in the society.

• Perroux and Rogers underscores that development must be

community-driven and participatory in nature.

• To deduce, development is a participatory multidimensional

process involving qualitative and quantitative changes in
social, political and economic domains of society and it is
undertaken essentially to lead to a better state of life.
 COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
• The United Nations popularized the term community
development to mean ―the process by which the efforts of the
people themselves are united with those of government
authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural
conditions of the communities into life of the nation, and to
enable them to contribute fully to national progress.

• Refers to planned action to address the common concerns of

people who share a geographic locality, cultural and
philosophical solidarity or essential social, economic and
spiritual relations.
 COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT DEFINED

• The goal is the solution of

specific community
problems and needs for
the development of the
community and benefit of
its people with the
participation of the target
beneficiaries themselves.
 OUR WORLD TODAY
• We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to
sustainable development;
• Billions of citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a
life of dignity;
• There are rising inequalities within and among countries. There
are enormous disparities of opportunity, wealth and power;
• Gender inequality remains a key challenge;
• Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment is a major
concern;
• Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural
disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and
related humanitarian crises and force displacement of people
threaten to reverse much of the development progress made
in recent decades.
 OUR WORLD TODAY
• Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of
environmental degradation, including desertification, drought,
land degradation, fresh water scarcity and loss of biodiversity
add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity
faces.
• Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time
and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries
to achieve sustainable development.
• Increase in global temperature, sea level rise, ocean
acidification and other climate change impacts are seriously
affecting coastal areas and low lying coastal countries
including many least developed countries.
 OUR WORLD TODAY
• The past decade however was also a time of immense
opportunity. Significant progress has been made in meeting
many development challenges.
• Within the past generation, hundreds of millions of people
have emerged from extreme poverty;
• Access to education has greatly increased for both boys and
girls;
• The spread of information and communications technology
and global interconnectedness has great potential to
accelerate human progress, to bridge the digital divide and
to develop knowledge societies;
• As does scientific and technological innovation across areas
as diverse as medicine and energy.
Issues Identified by NEDA in the
Ambisyon 2040 Vision
• ―There are many hurdles in the Filipinos’ path toward
achieving their own vision of life in the year 2040. No matter
how modest the vision of the poorest of Filipinos, it can still
seem out of reach for those who have no means to lift
themselves out of poverty. Almost all the participants of this
study mention the most urgent constraints as: the lack of jobs,
poor healthcare, petty corruption, and government
inefficiencies.‖
 NATIONAL ISSUES
• There are no jobs (walang trabaho).
Whether employed or not, participants
always mention the shortage of jobs as
a critical barrier to the likelihood of
achieving their goals. People are willing
to work—the poor in particular would
take any paid work they can get–but
these are simply not available.
• A good job is a stable one.
• A good job pays a living wage.
• It is too expensive to look for work.
• Transportation costs are too high.
• Jobs-education mismatch.
NATIONAL ISSUES
• Government inefficiencies. The
sentiments about government services
are widely shared: masyadong
maraming kuskos balungos, mabusisi,
puro proseso. Since they are powerless
in the transaction — government aid
and services are hidden behind
employees (compliance officers) who
act as gatekeepers —ordinary citizens
are left with few choices: try to comply
to every requirement, resort to paying
bribes and facilitation fees, or give up
altogether.
• Red tape and inefficiencies keep
services away from the poor.
• Quality of service in government
offices.
 NATIONAL ISSUES
• Small -scale corruption. All corruption is
bad regardless of scale, but often only
the big corruption stories are covered
by the news— the complex scams that
siphon off millions in government funds.
Petty corruption, the ones on a
personal level, remains undiscussed by
national media and does not attract as
much public attention. Yet it is precisely
this kind of corruption, perpetrated by
the rank-and-file in government,
sometimes at the behest of local
officials, that victimizes the poorest of
our countrymen.
NATIONAL ISSUES
• Poor healthcare. Women in the
discussions often raise the problem of
access to quality healthcare. They are
concerned about their children’s
welfare and the impact an illness has
on the income of the entire household.
Catastrophic health events can drive a
family into debt and poverty,
sometimes permanently.
• Lack of access.
• No support for
prevention/maintenance.
• Public facilities have no supplies.
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
1. Prosperity and Justice for All. Walang naghihikahos, walang
naghihirap, maginhawa ang buhay ng lahat. Nakakakain
tatlong beses sa isang araw, nabibili ang kailangan,nabibili
ang gusto.
• Job security
• A living wage
• Good jobs in the country
• Career growth, savings, and retirement
• Entrepreneurship
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
2. Health. Walang namamatay sa sakit dahil sa kawalan ng
pera.
• Community and family with social protection.

3. Education. Lahat ng anak ay nakapagtapos ng pag-aaral.

• Availability of Inexpensive College .
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
4. Just and fair society. Pantay-pantay ang pagtingin ng
sistema ng hustisya. Pagkakaroon ng hustisyang panlipunan.
• Governed with order and unity
• Positive politics
• Citizen-centered government
• Attention to the regions
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
5. Families stay together. Hindi kailangang mangibang-bansa
at mawalay sa pamilya upang makapagtrabaho ng
maayos. Kapiling ng mga magulang ang kanilang mga
anak.
• Vibrant, culturally diverse, and resilient communities.
Protektado ang karapatan ng lahat ng uri ng tao.
Kayang bumangon mula sa kalamidad.
Napangangalagaan ang iba’t ibang kultura sa Pilipinas.
• Communities without conflict
• Communities resilient against disasters
• Livable cities
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
Vision for Self

―In 2040, all Filipinos will enjoy a stable and comfortable lifestyle,
secure in the knowledge that we have enough for our daily
needs and unexpected expenses, that we can plan and
prepare for our own and our children’s futures. Our families live
together in a place of our own, we have the freedom to go
where we desire, protected and enabled by a clean, efficient,
and fair government.‖
VISION FOR THE COUNTRY
Vision for Country

―By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous, predominantly

middle-class society where no one is poor. Our peoples will
enjoy long and healthy lives, are smart and innovative, and will
live in a high-trust society.‖
The end…