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Physics > Scientific Methods > Hypothesis

What is Hypothesis?

What is hypothesis

Characteristics of hypothesis

Source of hypothesis Types of hypothesis

Examples of hypothesis

Functions of hypothesis

What is Hypothesis?
Hypothesis is an assumption that is made
on the basis of some evidence. This is the
initial point of any investigation that
translates the research questions into a
prediction. It includes components like
variables, population and the relation
between the variables. A research
hypothesis is a hypothesis that is used to
test the relationship between two or more
variables.

Characteristics of Hypothesis
Following are the characteristics of
hypothesis:
The hypothesis should be clear and
precise to consider it to be reliable.
If the hypothesis is a relational
hypothesis, then it should be stating
the relationship between variables.
The hypothesis must be speciGc and
should have scope for conducting
more tests.
The way of explanation of the
hypothesis must be very simple and it
should also be understood that the
simplicity of the hypothesis is not
related to its signiGcance.

Sources of Hypothesis
Following are the sources of hypothesis:
The resemblance between the
phenomenon.
Observations from past studies,
present-day experiences and from the
competitors.
ScientiGc theories.
General patterns that inKuence the
thinking process of people.

Types of Hypothesis
There are six forms of hypothesis and they
are:
Simple hypothesis
Complex hypothesis
Directional hypothesis
Non-directional hypothesis
Null hypothesis
Associative and casual hypothesis

Simple Hypothesis
It shows a relationship between one
dependent variable and a single
independent variable. For example – If you
eat more vegetables, you will lose weight
faster. Here, eating more vegetables is an
independent variable, while losing weight is
the dependent variable.

Complex Hypothesis
It shows the relationship between two or
more dependent variables and two or more
independent variables. Eating more
vegetables and fruits leads to weight loss,
glowing skin, reduces the risk of many
diseases such as heart disease, high blood
pressure and some cancers.

Directional Hypothesis
It shows how a researcher is intellectual and
committed to a particular outcome. The
relationship between the variables can also
predict its nature. For example- children
aged four years eating proper food over a
Gve-year period are having higher IQ levels
than children not having a proper meal. This
shows the effect and direction of effect.

Non-directional Hypothesis
It is used when there is no theory involved. It
is a statement that a relationship exists
between two variables, without predicting
the exact nature (direction) of the
relationship.

Null Hypothesis
It provides the statement which is contrary
to the hypothesis. It’s a negative statement,
and there is no relationship between
independent and dependent variables. The
symbol is denoted by “HO”.

Associative and Causal Hypothesis

Associative hypothesis occurs when there is
a change in one variable resulting in a
change in the other variable. Whereas,
causal hypothesis proposes a cause and
effect interaction between two or more
variables.

Examples of Hypothesis
Following are the examples of hypothesis
based on their types:
Consumption of sugary drinks every
day leads to obesity is an example of a
simple hypothesis.
All lilies have the same number of
petals is an example of a null
hypothesis.
If a person gets 7 hours of sleep, then
he will feel less fatigue than if he
sleeps less.

Functions of Hypothesis
Following are the functions performed by
the hypothesis:
Hypothesis helps in making an
observation and experiments possible.
It becomes the start point for the
investigation.
Hypothesis helps in verifying the
observations.
It helps in directing the inquiries in the
right directions.

How will Hypothesis help in ScientiGc

Method?
Researchers use hypothesis to put down
their thoughts directing how the experiment
would take place. Following are the steps
that are involved in the scientiGc method:
Formation of question
Doing background research
Creation of hypothesis
Designing an experiment
Collection of data
Result analysis
Summarizing the experiment
Communicating the results

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