Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
NORTHWEST SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Calbayog City, Samar

Philosophy of Education
( Subject )

PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

( Contribution to Philippine Education )

Submitted by : Ma Shanti G. Legera

MAED Student

Submitted to : Raul D. Agban Dr. Ed

Professor

Table of Contents

1
 i. Cover Page ___________________________ 1
ii. Introduction ___________________________ 2
iii. Emilio Aguinaldo ___________________________ 3
iv. Manuel M Quezon ___________________________ 3
v. Jose P. Laurel ___________________________ 4
vi. Sergio S. Osmena ___________________________ 5
vii. Manuel A. Roxas ___________________________ 5
viii. Elpidio S. Quirino ___________________________ 6
ix. Ramon Magsaysay ___________________________ 7
x. Carlos P. GArtcia ___________________________ 7
xi. Diosdado P. Macapagal___________________________ 8
xii. Ferdinand E. Marcos ___________________________ 8
xiii. Corazon C. Aquino ___________________________ 9
xiv. Fidel V. Ramos ___________________________ 10
xv. Joseph E. Estrada ___________________________ 11
xvi. Gloria M. Arroyo ___________________________ 12
xvii. Benigno C. Aquino III ___________________________ 13
xviii. Rodrigo R. Duterte ___________________________ 14
xix. Summary ___________________________ 14
xx. Reference ___________________________ 15

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I. sIntroduction

We learned from history that Philippine Education has undergone a lot

of struggles. In fact it is a product of a long history of struggles. Its image right now is
a result of a gradual process of generations of colonialism and imperialism. During
the Spanish regime the natives were contented to be vassals of Spain. They were
successful in using religion to make the people become submissive and
unquestioning. And even worse is that their policy was focused on treating the
natives as a ward. This made our people think that there was no need for them to be
educated.
Education has been looked into as the means of alleviating poverty,
decreasing criminalities, increasing economic benefits and ultimately uplifting the
standard of living of the Filipino masses. With these in mind, the government on its
part has been continuously investing so much into the education sector.

II. Body
Presidents of the Philippines and its contribution to Philippine
Education System

1. Emilio F. Aguinaldo
 First Philippine President
 Term of Office : March 22, 1897 – April 1, 1901
 Complete Name : Emilio Famy Aguinaldo
 Nickname : Miong
 Birthplace : Kawit, Cavite
 Born : March 22, 1869
 Died : February 6, 1964
 Resting Place: Aguinaldo Shrine
 Spouse(s): Hilaria del Rosario, Maria Agoncillo
 Occupation(s): Soldier, Manager, Teacher
 School Attended : Colegio de San Juan de Letran
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Died of Coronary thrombosis
 Children : Miguel, Carmen, Emilio Jr., Maria and Cristina

Educational Program
 Aguinaldo ordered schools to open elementary education and
was made compulsory and free
 The Filipino educator, Enrique Mendiola, founded the Instituto
de Burgos and was appointed by the Director of Public
Administration. It offered courses in agriculture, surveying and
commerce as well as A.B. course

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  October 1898 – the government decree fixed the opening date,
of the Universidad Leteria. While the courses offered were
Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, and Notary Public
 Professor was appointed by the President of the Philippines

2. Manuel Luis M. Quezon

 2nd President of the Philippines
 1st President of the Philippine Commonwealth
 Term of Office : August 29, 1916 – November 15, 1935
 Complete Name : Manuel Luis Molina Quezon
 Birthplace : Baler, Aurora
 Born : August 19, 1878
 Died : August 1, 1944
 Resting place : Quezon City, Memorial Circle
 Spouse(s): Aurora Aragon
 Occupation : Clerk, Surveyor, Fiscal, Councilor, Governor,
Politician, Soldier, Lawyer
 School Attended : Colegio de San Juan de Letran
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Tuberculosis
 Children : Maria Aurora, Maria Zenaida, Luisa Corazon Paz,
Manuel L. Quezon Jr.

Educational Program
 Formal Institution of the Adult Education ( called non-formal
education ) transfer the vocational – industrial education
program from the formal to non – formal system
 Filipino language was used as the medium of instruction
 Celebration of National Language Week every August

Legal Mandates
 Executive Order No. 17 ( Quezon Code of Ethics ) – foundation
stone of emerging philosophy of Philippine Education System
 1935 Constitution

3. Jose P. Laurel
 3rd President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945
 Complete Name : Jose Panciano Garcia Laurel
 Birthplace : Tanauan City, Batangas
 Born : March 9, 1891
 Died : November 6, 1959
 Resting place : Tanauan City
 Spouse(s) : Pacencia Hidalgo
 Occupation : Messenger, Clerk, Lawyer
 School Attended : University of the Philippines College of Law,
University of Santo Tomas, and Yale University (USA)

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  Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Died of massive heart attack and a stroke
 Children : Jose BAyani Jr, Jose Sotero III, NAtividad, Sotero
Cosme, Mariano Antonio, Rosenda Pacencia, Salvador Roman,
Arsenio

Educational Program
 Re-opening of Elementary Schools
 Re-opening of vocational and normal schools
 Institutions of higher learning giving courses in agriculture,
medicine, fisheries, and engineering
 Japanese language is popularized to terminate the use of
English
 Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs and
games
 There was a censorship of text books and other learning
materials
 The teachers were to become condescending mouthpieces of
Japanese propaganda

Legal Mandates
 Executive Order No. 2 – Basic Principles of education

4. Sergio S. Osmena
 4th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946
 Complete Name : Sergio Suico Osmena
 Birthplace : Cebu City
 Born : September 9, 1978
 Died : October 19, 1961
 Resting place : Manila North Cemetery
 Spouse(s) : Estefania Veloso ( 1901- 1918), Esperanza Limjap
( 1920-1961)
 Occupation : Courier, Journalist, Lawyer
 School Attended : University of San Carlos, Colegio de San
Juan de Letran, University of Santo Tomas
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Died of liver failure and breast cancer
 Children : Nicasio, Vicenta, Edilderto, Milagros, Emilio, Maria
Paloma, Jesus, Teodoro, Jose, and Sergio Jr.

Educational Program
 Proper education of the individual is essential to the stability of
our social order
 All teachers, whether in public or private sector, are
representatives of the state charged with the duty of carrying
out the fundamental purposes of education recognized the

5
 wisdom of adopting the English language as medium of
instruction

Legal Mandates
 Executive Order No. 217 – prescribing the civic and ethical
principles

5. Manuel A. Roxas
 5th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948
 Complete Name : Manuel Acuna Roxas
 Birthplace : Capiz
 Born : January 1, 1892
 Died : April 15, 1948
 Resting Place : Manila North Cemetery
 Spouse(s) : Trinidad de Leon
 Occupation : Lawyer
 School Attended : University of Manila, University of the
Philippines College of Law
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Died of myocardial infraction
 Children : Ma Rosario, Gerardo

Educational Program
 The concept of academic freedom only universities established
by the state
 Religious instructions in the public schools
 Optional and its implementation would have to be in accordance
with what was already authorized by the existing law
 The creation of scholarships in the arts, sciences and letters
was for especially gifted citizens for those who possess a certain
level of capability for academic studies and are enable to afford
the cost of college education

Legal Mandates
 Article XIV, section 5 of the 1935 Constitution
 Commonwealth Act No. 586
 Education Act of 1940

6. Elpidio P. Quirino
 6th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953
 Complete Name : Elpidio Rivera Quirino
 Birthplace : Vigan, Ilocos Sur
 Born : November 16, 1890
 Died : February 29, 1956
 Resting place : Manila North Cemetery
 Spouse : Alicia Syquia

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  Occupation : Lawyer
 School Attended : University of the Philippines College of Law
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Death : Died of heart attack
 Children : Fe, Armando, Norma, Thomas, Victoria

Educational program
 Improving/standardizing the salaries of the teachers
 Increasing the number of teachers
 Increasing the number of state colleges and universities
 He sought approved of a bill providing for established of a junior
college of the University of the Philippines in Vigan

Legal Mandates
 Education Act of 1940
 Commonwealth Act No. 586

7. Ramon Magsaysay
 7th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
 Complete Name : Ramon Del Fierro Magsaysay
 Nickname : Mambo Magsaysay
 Birthplace : Iba, Zambales
 Born : August 31, 1907
 Died : March 17, 1957
 Resting place : Manila North Cemetery
 Spouse : Luz Banzon
 Occupation : Engineer, Chauffer, Mechanic, Soldier
 School Attended : University of the Philippines, Jose Rizal
University
 Death : Died on a plane crash
 Children : teresita, Milagros, and Ramon Jr.

Educational Program

8. Carlos P. Garcia
 8th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : March 17, 1957 – December 30, 1961
 Complete Name : Carlos Polestico Garcia
 Birthplace : Talibon, Bohol
 Born ; November 4, 1896
 Died : June 14, 1971
 Spouse : Leonila Dimataga
 Occupation : lawyer, Teacher, Poet, Public Official, Guerilla
Leader

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  School Attended : Silliman University, Philippine College of
Criminology
 Death : Died from a fatal heart attack
 Children : Linda

Educational Program
 Stabilization of School Financing Bill
 Increased emphasis has been given to science, mathematics,
and vocational education.
 Revised Educational Program, the curricula in the public and
private elementary and secondary schools
 Vernacular is being used as medium of instruction

9. Diosdado P. Macapagal
 9th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
 Complete Name : Diosdado Pangan Macapagal
 Birthplace : Lubao, Pampanga
 Born : September 28, 1910
 Died : April 21, 1997
 Resting Place : Libingan ng mga Bayani
 Spouse(s) : Purita dela Rosa, Evangelina Macaraeg
 Occupation : Lawyer, Professor, Accountant
 School Attended : University of the Philippines, University of
Santo Tomas and Philippine Law School
 Death : Died of heart failure, pneumonia, and renal
complications
 Children : Aurora, Cielo, Gloria and Diosdado Jr.
Educational Program

10. Ferdinand E. Marcos

 10th President of the Philippines
 Longest serving Philippine President
 Term Office : December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
 Complete Name : Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos
 Nickname : MAkoy/ Stong Man
 Birthplace : Sarrat, Ilocos Norte
 Born : September 11, 1917
 Died : September 28, 1989
 Resting place : Libingan ng mga Bayani
 Spouse : Imelda Romualdez
 Occupation : Lawyer, Soldier
 School Attended : University of the Philippines, College of Law
 Religious Affiliation : Iglesia Filipina Independiente Catholic
 Death : Died of heart , kidney and lung ailments
 Children : Imee, Ferdinand Jr,. Aimee ( adopted )

Educational Program

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  Individual as a useful member of society
 Government book program
 Education for all
 Integrated System of Education
 National College Entrance Examination ( NCEE )
 Youth Civic Action Program ( YCAP )
 Bilingual Policy Program
 Emphasis on Research
 Quality Education
 Non – formal education
 Optional religious instruction
 State Supervision on Control of Schools – Minister of Education
Culture and Sports ( MECS )
 NESC – New Elementary School Curriculum
 PRODED – Program for Decentralized Educational
Development

Legal Mandates
 Executive Order No. 202 in 1969 – Presidential Commission to
Study Philippine Education ( PCSPE )
 Presidential Decree 6 ( amended by PD 12350 – EDPITAF
( Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force
 Batas Pambansa Blg. 232
 PD 1139 – expanded from Commonwealth Act No. 80
 1973 Constitution Article XV Sec. 8
 PD 1 – Integrated reorganization Plan of 1972
 Bureau of Elementary Education
 Bureau of Secondary Education

11. Corazon C. Aquino

 11th President of the Philippines
 First Woman Philippine president
 Term of Office : February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
 Complete Name : Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino
 Nickname : Tita Cory
 Birthplace : Panique, Tarlac
 Born : January 25, 1933
 Died : August 1, 2009
 Resting Place : Manila Memorial Park
 Spouse : Benigno Aquino Jr.
 Occupation : Housewife
 School Attended : College of Saint Mount Vincent
 Death : died of colorectal cancer
 Children : Maria Elena, Aurora Corazon, Benigno Simeon,
Victoria Elisa, and Kristina Bernadette

Educational Program
 Adult Education Program

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  Non – formal Education
 Technical Education and Vocational Education
 Physical Education and School Sports
 Scholarships and Incentives
 Free Public Education in Elementary and High School
 ESCS – Educational Service Contracting Scheme
 SEDP _ Secondary Education Development Program

Legal Mandates
 R.A. 6728 – Act providing Government Assistance to Student
and teachers in Private Education – July 10, 1989
 E.O. No. 27 – July 4, 1986
 E.O. No. 189 – June 10, 1987
 Philippine Contitution 1987 – Article XIV Sec. 1-2
 R.A. 7104 – Commission on Filipino Language
 R.A. 6959 – Provincial Centers for Science and Technology

12. Fidel V. Ramos

 12th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office ; June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
 Complete Name : Fidel Valdez Ramos
 Birthplace : Lingayen, Pangasinan
 Born: March 18, 1928
 Spouse : Amelita Martinez
 Occupation : Soldier, Civil Engineer
 School Attended : MAPUA Institute of Technology, US Military
Academy, Ateneo De Manila University, Silliman University,
National Defense College of the Philippines, University of Illinois
in Urbana
 Children : Angelina, Josephine, Carolina, Christine and Gloria

Educational Program
 Early Childhood Care and Development Program
 TEEP – Third Elementary Educational Project
 NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test
 NSAT – National Secondary Achievement Test
 Ten – Year Master Plan for Basic Education
 CET
 PROBE – Program on Basic Education
 Book Publishing Industry

Legal Mandates
 R.A. 8047 – Book Publishing Industry Development Act – June
1, 1995
 R.A. 7722 – CHED – May 18, 1994
 R.A. No. 7743 – June 12, 1994 – establishing municipal
libraries and barangay reading centers
 R.A. 7731 – abolishing NCEE, ( NSAT, NAT )

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  R.A. 7784 – Act strengthen Teacher Education by establishing
centers of excellence, creating a teacher education council for
the purpose, appropriating funds there of, and for other
purposes – August 4, 1994
 R.A 7796 – TESDA – August 25, 1994
 R.A. 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
 R.A 7877 – Anti – Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
 R.A. 8190 – Granting priority appointment or assignment to
public school teacher who reside in barangay, municipality or
city near the school
 R.A. 8491 – Prescribing the code of national flag, anthem,.
Motto, coat of arms and other heraldic items and devices
 R.A 8492 – Establishing the national museum system and
providing for its permanent home
 R.A. 8496 – Establishing the Philippine Science High School
System
 R.A. 8525 – Establishing Adopt – a- school program- school for
the Failure ( SOF ) – school using multimedia technology

13. Joseph E. Estrada

 13th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
 Nickname : Erap
 Birthplace : Tondo, Manila
 Born : April 19, 1937
 Spouse : Luisa Pimentel
 Occupation : Actor, Businessman, Politician
 School Attended : Ateneo de Manila, MAPUA Institute of
Technology
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Children : Jose, Jackie and Jude

Educational Program
 Bureau of Elementary Education
 Multigrade Program in Philippine Education
 Preschool Service Contracting Program
 Resource Materials Development for Children with Special
Needs ( CSNs )
 SPED Personnel Enhancement Program
 Early intervention Program for Children with Disabilities
 Standard for Quality Elementary Education (SQEE)
 Bureau of Secondary Education
 Three Division
1. Curriculum Development
2. Staff development division
3. Population education unit
 CS-PT ( Community Service and Public Safety Training )

11
  TSD – MSP ( Thinking Skills for Development for Maximized
Cognitive Development )
 Teacher Training Program
 Adopt-a-School Program
 SIP ( Self – Instructional Packages ) in SPA ( Social Reform
Agenda )
 BP- OSA ( Effective and Affordable Secondary Education )
 School Based Education
 Indigenized/Localization of the Secondary Education Curriculum
 RHGP ( Revitalized Homeroom Guidance Program )
 Population Education Program, PEPTALK
 Physical Education Curriculum Materials Development Program
 Teachers/coaches/Trainors/Officiating Office Training Program
 Special Project and International Participation
 National Education Testing and Research Centers
 National Elementary Achievement Test ( NEAT )
 National Secondary Achievement Test ( NSAT )
 Philippine Validating Test ( PVT )

Legal Mandates
 R.A. 9155 – Governance of Basic Education Act and Nursery up
to Kindergarten ( age 4 )
 D.O. No. 56 s. 2001 – Policy on Educational Field Trips
 D.O. No. 54 s. 2001 – Revision of Panatang Makabayan
 D.O. No. 51 s. 2001 – Collection of School Publication Fees
 D.O. No. 45 s. 2001 – Revision of Alphabet and Guide
inSpelling of Philippine Language
 D.O. No. 25 s. 2001 – Payment of Teachers PCER –
Presidential Commission on Educational Reform

14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

 14th President of the Philippines
 2nd Longest serving Philippine President
 Term of Office : January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
 Complete Name : Maria Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
 Birthplace : San Juan, Rizal
 Born : April 5, 1947
 Spouse : Jose Miguel Arroyo
 Occupation : Economist, Professor
 School Attended : Georgetown University ( USA ), Assumption
College University, and University of the Philippines
 Religious Affiliation : Catholic
 Children : Juan Miguel, Evangelina Lourdes, and Diosdado
Ignacio Jose

Educational Program
 Accreditation and Equivalency Program ( AEP )

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  Accelerated Leraning Program for Elementary Schools ( ALPES
 School Health and Nutrition Center
 Health and Nutrition Education
 National Day Education Program
 TB Prevention and Control Program
 School Milk Project
 Breakfast Feeding Program

Legal Mandates
 R. A. 9155 – Governance of Basic Education
 D.O. No. 1 s. 2006 – Creation and Composition of the Subject
Crime Prevention Committee
 D.O. No. 7. S. 2006 – Reiterating the Prohibition of the Practice
of Hazing and the Operation of Fraternities and Sororities in
Elementary and Secondary Schools
 D.O. No. 48. S. 2006 – Observance of Safety Measure in
Science Laboratories
 D.O. 41. S. 2007 – Guidelines on the Utilization and Liquidation
of School Based Repair and Maintenance Fund under C.Y. 2007
Budget
 D.O. 43, s. 2002 – the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum

15. Benigno Aquino III

 15th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : June 30, 2010 - June 30, 2016
 Complete Name : Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III
 Nickname : Noynoy/Pnoy
 Birthplace : Manila , Philippines
 Born : February 8, 1960
 Occupation : Politician
 School Attended : Ateneo de Manila University
 Religion Affiliation : Catholic

Educational Program
 12 year Basic Education Curriculum
 Universal pre- school for all
 Technical – vocational education as an alternative stream in
senior high school
 Every child a reader by Grade 1
 Science And Math Proficiency
 Assistance to private school as essential partners in basic
education
 Medium Instruction Rationalized
 Quality Textbooks
 Covenant with Local Government to build more schools

Legal Mandates
 R.A. 10533 – Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013

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  R.A. 10157 – Kindergarten Education Act
 R.A. 10627 – Anti – Bullying Act of 2013
 R.A. 10618 – Rural Farm School Act
 R.A. 10648 – Iskolar ng Bayan Act of 2014
 R.A. 10588 – Palarong Pambansa Act of 2013

16. Rodrigo R. Duterte

 16th President of the Philippines
 Term of Office : June 30, 2016 – present
 Complete Name : Rodrigo Roa Duterte
 Birthplace : Maasin, Leyte
 Born : March 28, 1945
 Occupation : Politician
 School Attended : Lyceum of the Philippines University, San
Beda College

Educational Program
 Support the K to 12 Curriculum
 Mandatory Education on evils of drugs
 Alternative Learning System
 Free education at all state colleges
 Education For All
 Enhanced leadership supervision and oversight over finance,
administration and procurement, creation of an education
programme delivery unit to ensure funds more smoothly to
where they are needed. A financial management information
system to trust budget spending in real time
 Launched the Scholarships in Teacher Education Programme to
Upgrade Teacher Quality in the Philippines
 Enhanced the Philippine Qualification Framework

Legal Mandates
 R.A. 10931 – Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
 R.A. 10963 – Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
( TRAIN Law
 R.A. 10930 – Free internet access in public areas

III. Summary

Transformation of the education sector may refer to the total re-

orientation of the system.  But the system is too complex and it is better to
start with policy transformation. Education policies and programs, including
the curriculum must be carefully evaluated and studied to make it relevant to
the Philippines and the global community. The provisions and policies must
be reviewed and must be done in all levels. There must be a wide
participation of the stakeholders in doing so. Our experts must be realistic in
coming up with more attainable policies, that will address not only the
educational problems and will not only contribute to economic growth and
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 development of the country but more so with the social and moral
development of the society. Values reorientation of the Filipinos is also a key
to national development.  We need to provide our in-service and pre-service
teachers the avenue so they could understand their role not just as workers or
implementers but as human agency. Thus, there is an urgent call for
transformation in the teacher education, in terms of their values orientation
and in terms of emphasis of on understanding the interplay of power, history,
and culture.

Also, transformation must include upgrading or updating for

professional and personal development of teachers. Even if the salary of the
ordinary public school teacher had been standardized to be competitive, with
the increasing economic crisis, it will still be not enough to afford them
attendance to seminars, training and enrollment in graduate education.
Hence, government support and intervention, along this line is very much
needed.

The distorted image that our education has as perceived by our

children can only be changed if teachers and other stakeholders understand
the real purpose of education and communicate it properly through practices.
What really matters for teachers and other stakeholders is always reflected by
their actions. It is only when children concretely observe their teachers
consistently practice these good values that they will be able to replicate
these in themselves.

IV. Reference

https://www.academia.edu/9447159/Philippine_Presidents_Administration_Ec
onomy_Program_National_Issues_and_Transnational_Issues?
ends_sutd_reg_path=true
https://www.slideshare.net/ebiws/educational-period

https://www.rappler.com/nation/137492-look-back-aquino-10-point-education-
agenda
https://www.scribd.com/doc/60230520/Aquino-Policy-on-Education
https://businessmirror.com.ph/education-related-laws-passed-under-the-p-
noy-administration/
https://www.rappler.com/nation/174212-k-to-12-duterte-administration-
philippines
http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2105502/philippine-
president-rodrigo-duterte-provide-free-education

https://jlp-law.com/blog/universal-access-to-quality-tertiary-education-act-
republic-act-no-10931-full-text/

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