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Content and Contextal Analysis of Selected Primary Sources

Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian scholar and explorer who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on the first circumnavigation of the globe from 1519-1522. Pigafetta chronicled the expedition in his journal, providing one of the primary sources of information about the voyage. The expedition set sail from Spain in 1519 with the goal of reaching the Spice Islands via a western route, and ultimately completed the first global circumnavigation, though only one ship returned to Spain in 1522 under the command of Juan Sebastián del Cano after Magellan's death in the Philippines. Pigafetta's journal provides key details and analysis of the expedition and its significance as the first to circumnavigate the globe.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
320 views42 pages

Content and Contextal Analysis of Selected Primary Sources

Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian scholar and explorer who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on the first circumnavigation of the globe from 1519-1522. Pigafetta chronicled the expedition in his journal, providing one of the primary sources of information about the voyage. The expedition set sail from Spain in 1519 with the goal of reaching the Spice Islands via a western route, and ultimately completed the first global circumnavigation, though only one ship returned to Spain in 1522 under the command of Juan Sebastián del Cano after Magellan's death in the Philippines. Pigafetta's journal provides key details and analysis of the expedition and its significance as the first to circumnavigate the globe.

Uploaded by

Coco Martin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONTENT AND

CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS OF
SELECTED PRIMARY
SOURCES
Chapter 2/Group 2
Primary Sources are historical
documents, written accounts by
first hand witnesses, or objects
that have survived from the past.
This examples includes the
letters,Personal paper,government
documents,oral
accounts,diaries,maps,photograph
s,articles,of clothing,artifacts (
including art objects and
architectures,coins,or stamps.
Bias Or Perspective
● Most evidences that historians analyze is biased in one
way or another. It represents a certain perspective from
person or a group. Historians use the following guidelines
when reviewing evidences from the past
● Every piece of evidence and every source must be read or
viewed and critically
● Evidences should not be taken at faca value. The authors
point of view must be considered.
● Each piece of evidence and source must be crosschecked
and compared to related sources
Questions for Analyzing Primary Sources
●Who created the source and why?
●Did the recorder have first hand knowledge of the
event,report what others saw or heard?
●Was the recorder a neutral party or did the author
have opinions or interests that might have
influenced what was recorded?
●Did the recorder wish to inform or persuade
others? Did the recorder have reasons to be honest
or dishonest?
Historians have to check the source
reliability and determine how trustworthy
the source is.
Historians Ask the basic questions to
determine a source reliability
●WHO?
●WHEN?
●WHERE
●WHAT
●WHY
●WHERE
●FOR WHAT PURPOSE
Antonio
Pigafetta
Scholar
Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and
explorer. He joined the expedition to the Spice
Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under
the flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after
Magellan's death in the Philippines, the
subsequent voyage around the world. Wikipedia
Born: 1480, Vicenza, Italy
Died: c. 1531 (age about 40–50); Vicenza, Republic
of Venice
Known for: Chronicling Magellan's circumnavigation
Nationality: Italian, Venetian
The Magellan Expedition
• Also known as “Magellan-delCano Circumnavigation”
• The first voyage around the world in human history. It was a Spanish
expedition that sailed from Seville in 1519 under the command of Ferdinand
Magellan.
• A major breakthrough in perception of the Europeans towards world
geography
• Objective was to discover this alternate path to Moluccas because of
1494’s Treaty of Tordesillas, a decree from Pope Alexander VI that had
essentially divided the world in half between the Spanish and the
Portuguese.
• Lasted for 3 years (1519-1522)
• Chronicled by Antonio Pigafetta
The First Voyage around the World (1519-1522): An Account of
Magellan's Expedition
By Antonio Pigafetta
● On 10 August 1519, five ships departed from Seville for what was to become the first circumnavigation of
the globe. Linked by fame to the name of its captain, Magellan, much of the expedition is known through
the travelogue of one of the few crew members who returned to Spain, Antonio Pigafetta. A narrative and
cartographic record of the journey (including 23 hand-drawn watercolour charts) from Patagonia to
Indonesia, from the Philippines to the Cape of Good Hope, Pigafetta's The First Voyage around the World is
a classic of discovery and exploration literature.

● This volume is based on the critical edition by Antonio Canova. It includes an extensive introduction to the
work and generous annotations by Theodore J. Cachey Jr who discusses the marvelous elements of the
story through allusions to Magellan's travels made by writers as diverse as Shakespeare and Gabriel
García Márquez. However, Cachey is careful to point out that Pigafetta's book is far from just a
marvel-filled travel narrative. The First Voyage around the World is also a remarkably accurate
ethnographic and geographical account of the circumnavigation, and one that has earned its reputation
among modern historiographers and students of the early contacts between Europe and the East Indies.
Expertly presented and handsomely illustrated, this edition of Pigafetta's classic travelogue is sure to
enlighten new readers and invigorate the imagination as the story has done since it first appeared.
Ferdinand Magellan
• Portuguese explorer who
sailed, under Spain, to reach
Moluccas without crossing
Portuguese territory.
• Proposed route to Moluccas
by sailing west and through an
Atlantic passage to the Pacific
could be found.
• Discovered Philippines
(named it Archipelago of St.
Lazarus)
• Introduced Christianity in the
Philippines.
TIMELIN
E

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1519
• August 10: Departure from Seville.
• September 20: Departure from
Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
• December 13: Entering the bay of
Rio de Janeiro.
• December 27: Departure from Rio de
Janeiro.
1520
• January 10: Entering the Río de la Plata.
• February 27: Entering Bahia de los Patos.
• March 31: Begin of the overwintering stay at Puerto
San Julián.
• April 1 and 2: Mutiny on Victoria, Concepcion and San
Antonio; death of Louis de Mendoza. Later execution of
de Quesada, marooning of de Cartagena. Alvaro de
Mesquita becomes captain of San Antonio, Duarte
Barbosa of Victoria.
• End of April: Santiago is sent on a mission to find the
passage. The ship is caught in a storm and wrecked.
Survivors return to Puerto San Julián. Serrano becomes
captain of the Concepcion.
July: Encounters with the “Patagonian
giants” (likely Tehuelche people).
August 24: Departure from Puerto San
Julián.
October 11: Arriving at the Cape of the
Eleven Thousand Virgins, entry to what
would be known as Strait of Magellan.
End of October: San Antonio, charged to
explore Magdalen Sound, fails to return to
the fleet, instead sails back to Spain under
Estêvão Gomes who imprisoned the
captain de Mesquita. The ship arrives in
Spain on May 21, 1521.
November 28: The fleet leaves the strait
and enters the Pacific Ocean.
1521
March 6: Guam.
March 17: Arrival at Suluan in the Philippines.
April 7: Cebu.
April 27: Death of Magellan participating in the Battle of Mactan. Serrano and
Barbosa are voted co-commanders.
May 1: At a local banquet Barbosa is murdered and Serrano captured, later killed.
The three remaining ships escape.
May 2: There are not enough men to handle three ships, thus the worminfested
Concepcion is burned down. Two ships remain: Victoria and Trinidad. Gonzalo Gomez
de Espinosa becomes captain of the Victoria. Joao Lopez Carvalho is Captain
General. The ships sail to Mindanao and Brunei.
September 21: Carvalho is replaced by Martin Mendez as Captain General,
Espinosa becomes captain of the Trinidad and Juan Sebastián del Cano captain of
the Victoria.
November 8: Arriving at Tidore in the Moluccas.
December 21: Victoria under the command of Elcano leaves the Moluccas to return
home sailing west towards the Cape of Good Hope. Trinidad remains at Tidore for
repairs.
“When they
saw their
houses
burning, they
were roused to
greater fury,”
“Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon
him that they knocked his helmet off his
head twice, but he always stood firmly like a
good knight, together with some others.
Thus did we fight for more than one hour,
refusing to retire farther.”

“One of them wounded him on the left leg with


a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar,
only being larger. That caused the captain
to fall face downward, when immediately
they rushed upon him with iron and
bamboo spears and with their cutlasses,
until they killed our mirror, our light, our
comfort, and our true guide.”
wrote, Pigafetta.
1522
• January 25: Victoria reaches Timor and
starts to cross the Indian Ocean.
• April 6: Trinidad under the command of
Espinosa leaves the Moluccas heading
home sailing east. After five weeks, Espinosa
decides to return to the Moluccas where he
and his ship are captured by a Portuguese
fleet under Antonio de Brito.
• May 22: Victoria passes the Cape of Good
Hope and enters the Atlantic Ocean.
• July 9: Reaching Santiago, Cape Verde.
• September 6: Victoria returns to Sanlucar,
completing the circumnavigation.
• September 8: Victoria arrives at Seville.
Return and Legacy
• The circumnavigation was completed by
one ship, the Victoria, under the command
of Juan Sebastián del Cano and a crew of
18 men.

• Antonio Pigafetta's journal is the main


source for much of what we know about
Magellan and del Cano's voyage. The other
direct report of the voyage was that of
Francisco Albo, last Victoria's pilot, who
kept a formal logbook.
Historical Document Analysis

Careful Reading Classification


- in a general way - category/type of
and and detailed document
way - public or private
- Time frame
- Author
- Audience
Analysis Conclusion
- Main idea - Reliabity and
- Keywords and Accuracy
- Importance of the
meaning document
- What the text - consequence /
is saying and contribution on the
why, what is the history for a short or
intention of the long period
author
“WHO CONTROLS THE
PRESENT CONTROLS THE
PAST
WHO CONTROLS THE PAST
CONTROLS THE FUTURE”
- GEORGE ORWELL
CUSTOM OF
TAGALOG
Fray Juan de Plasencia ( Joan de
Portocarrero)
• was a member of the Franciscan Order would came
together with the first batch of missionaries to the
Philippines in 1578 . He and a fellow, Fransciscan Fray
Diego de Oropesa, we’re assigned to do mission works in
the Southern Tagalog area . Plasencia also helped in the
foundation and organization of numerous towns in
Quezon, Laguna , Rizal, and Bulacan. His continuous
interaction with the people he converted to Christianity
enabled him to write a work titled Relacion de las
Costumbres de Los Tagalogs (Custom of the Tagalog,
1589). He died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590.
SOCIAL CLASS

Chief or Datu – who


govern them and
were captains in their
war and they obey
and reverenced .
● Commoner or aliping
namamahay - They live
and Lord on their own
houses and own lands
Slave or aliping
saguiguilid –
They live and serve
in their master
house . They don’t
own any property
or house
HOUSE AND
CLOTHES
HOUSE

• Made of
Wood ,
bamboo and
Nipa palm
Government

The unit of government is


called baranggay ruled by
the chieftain and consist of
30 to 100 family with their
relatives and slaves
Administration of Justice

• The chieftain 's executive function


include implementing law and
ensuring order and giving protection
to his subject.

• Dispute between individuals were


settled by court made up of the
chieftain and council of elders
INHERITANCE

The 1st son of the baranggay chieftain inherits his father's


position. If the first son dies, the 2nd son succeed their
father; in their absence of male heirs, it is the eldest
daughter that become the chieftain.
SLAVES

- A person become slave by : (1) captivity by war, (2) by the


reason of debt, (3) inheritance, (4) by purchase and (5) by
committing a crime.

- slaves can be emancipated through : (1) by forgiveness ,


(2) by paying the debt, (3) by condonation, and (4) by
bravery ( where slave can possibly become a Datu ) or by
marriage.
Marriage Customs

- Men were general , monogamous ; while their wives called


Asawa- Courtship begins with Paninilbihan- Prior to marriage
the man require to give dowry: (1) Bigay-Kaya ( a piece of land
or gold); (2) Panghihimuyat (a gift for the bride's parents); (3)
Bigay-suo ( for the brides wet nurse).

- Marriage between couples belonging to different social classes


were not common- Several grounds of divorce are: (1) Adultery ,
(2) Abandonment on part of the husband, (3) Cruelty and (4)
Insanity
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

- they believe or worship in many gods and goddesses : (1)


bathala , supreme beings: (2) Idayanale , god of agriculture: (3)
Sindarapa , god of death: (4) Agni , good of fire: (5) Balangaw ,
god of rainbow: (6) Mandarangan , god of war (7) Lalahon , god
of harvest: and (8) Siginarungan , god of hell.
-
- They also believe in sacred animals and trees
SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS

— They believe in Aswang ,Dwende , Kapre , Tikbalang ,


Patiyanak/ Tiyanak

— They also believe in magical power of amulet and charms


such as anting-anting, kulam, and gayuma,or love potion .
Economic life

– Agriculture in plain lands : planting/harvest rice ,corn, banana,


coconut , sugar cane and other kinds of fruit and vegetables

– Hunting in Forest or high lands– Fishing in River banks or sea–


Ship building, weaving , lumbering , poultry and mining–
Domestic and Foreign Trading
The Language and The writing
System
– Baybayin or Alibata is the writing System use , the alphabet
consist of 3 vowels and 14 consonants. Babay means to spell in
tagalog

– They use tap of the trees as ink and pointed stick as pencil .–They
write in large leaf , barks of trees , and bamboo tubes.

– The major language they use : Tagalog , Ilocano , Pangasinan,


Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Magindanaw, and
Samarnon . This language is originated from Malayo-
Polenesian language
GROUP 2

THANK Alinton, Anna Rose J.


Añoza, Jovielyn
Avila, Rodelyn

YOU
Barba, Hilarion
Baustista, Fherzel Ma
Cereza, Jhon Kennery
Cabutotan, Irene Marie
Cunanan, Rica Mae

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infographics & images by Freepik

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