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Heat of Hydration

Heat is generated when cement and water react in a process called hydration. The heat generated is known as the heat of hydration. For typical Portland cement, half of the total heat is evolved in the first 3 days, three quarters by 7 days, and over 80% by 180 days. The heat of hydration can be beneficial for concrete placed in cold conditions but detrimental for large structures where heat cannot dissipate easily. Factors like cement composition, fineness, temperature, and mineral additives affect the heat of hydration.

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219 views15 pages

Heat of Hydration

Heat is generated when cement and water react in a process called hydration. The heat generated is known as the heat of hydration. For typical Portland cement, half of the total heat is evolved in the first 3 days, three quarters by 7 days, and over 80% by 180 days. The heat of hydration can be beneficial for concrete placed in cold conditions but detrimental for large structures where heat cannot dissipate easily. Factors like cement composition, fineness, temperature, and mineral additives affect the heat of hydration.

Uploaded by

Ryan Jay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heat of Hydration

Hydration: cement + water = hydrate + heat

Definition/Characteristics
 Heat of hydration is the heat generated when

cement and water react.


 Cause temperature rise
Heat of Hydration
For the usual Portland cement:
 1/2 total heat is evolved in 1-3 days

 3/4 at 7 days

 83-91% at 180 days


Heat of Hydration
Importance
 Depending on application, heat of hydration is
either beneficial or detrimental
 High heat of hydration is beneficial to concretes

placed in cold conditions


 However, high heat of generation is detrimental

to massive structures (such as dams) or any


element with >1m thickness where heat cannot
be readily released
Heat of Hydration
Importance
 Depending on application, heat of hydration is
either beneficial or detrimental
 High heat of hydration is beneficial to concretes

placed in cold conditions


 However, high heat of generation is detrimental

to massive structures (such as dams) or any


element with >1m thickness where heat cannot
be readily released
Heat of Hydration
Heat of Hydration
Heat of Hydration
Factor Affecting Heat of Hydration
 cement composition

 cement fineness

 casting temperature

 cement alkali sulfate content

 water/cement ratio

 addition of mineral additives


Heat of Hydration
Heat of Hydration
Effect of Composition of Cement
Heat of Hydration
Effect of Composition of Cement
Heat of Hydration
Effect of Fineness of Cement
Heat of Hydration
Effect of Ambient Temperature
Heat of Hydration
Effect of Alkali Sulfate
 Generally, alkali sulfate increases the heat of
hydration

Effect of W/C Ratio


 Increasing W/C ratio increases heat of hydration

Effect of Addition of Mineral Additives


 The addition of mineral additives (e.g. fly ash)

can significantly reduce heat of hydration


Heat of Hydration
Estimating Heat of Hydration
 Verbeck and Foster estimated that the overall
heat of hydration of a cement is near the sum of
the heats of hydration of the individual
components.

where C3S corresponds to %wt of C3S and so on


Heat of Hydration
Measuring Heat of Hydration
 Heat of Solution (ASTM C186 – Heat of Hydration
of Hydraulic Cement)
 Conduction Calorimetry (non-standard)

Heat of Solution Conduction Calorimetry

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